Unit 5 A fine balance-Understanding ideas-Grammar课文要点讲义2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语定语从句核心知识点，系统梳理that/which（修饰物，作主语不可省略、作宾语可省略）和who（修饰人）的用法，结合环保主题课文要点（如“被污染隐藏的自然奇观”等例句）搭建学习支架，衔接高频短语（如be full of、global warming）与综合练习，形成“用法讲解-语境应用-巩固强化”的完整脉络。 该资料以环保主题融合语言学习，通过海洋污染、过度捕捞等实例培养学生文化意识（人类命运共同体），多样化练习（单选、选词填空B篇等）提升语言能力与思维品质（分析解决问题）。课中助力教师系统授课，课后学生可通过练习回顾查漏，强化定语从句应用与环保词汇掌握。

Unit 5 A fine balance Understanding ideas-Grammar 【课文要点】 1. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. 通常挤满了人的街道、海滩和公园空无一人。 - that 引导定语从句，修饰 streets, beaches and parks（物） - that 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略 - be full of 充满 - remain v. 保持，仍然是 - e.g. This is the book ____________ I like best. 2. The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. 被污染隐藏多年的自然奇观再次出现。 - which 引导定语从句，修饰 the natural wonders（物） - which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略 - have been hidden 现在完成时的被动语态 - e.g. The movie ____________ we watched yesterday is very interesting. 3. Air pollution is a problem that affects everyone. 空气污染是一个影响每个人的问题。 - that affects everyone 定语从句，修饰 a problem - e.g. The car ____________ is parked outside is mine. 4. Some organisations that harm the environment should be punished. 一些危害环境的组织应该受到惩罚。 - that harm the environment 定语从句，修饰 Some organisations - harm v. 伤害，危害（→ harmful adj. 有害的） - punish v. 惩罚 - e.g. We should stop activities that ____________ the environment. 5. Sea animals that can't live with higher temperatures are suffering from global warming. 无法在更高温度下生存的海洋动物正在遭受全球变暖的影响。 - that 引导定语从句，修饰 Sea animals - suffer from 遭受，忍受 - global warming 全球变暖 - e.g. Many people ____________ from the disease. 6. About 80% of ocean pollution comes from land! 大约80%的海洋污染来自陆地！ - ocean pollution 海洋污染 - come from 来自 - e.g. This idea ____________ from my teacher. 7. And overfishing is making many animals that live in the sea disappear. 过度捕捞正在使许多生活在海洋中的动物消失。 - overfishing n. 过度捕捞 - that live in the sea 定语从句，修饰 many animals - make sb do 使某人做某事 - e.g. The bad news ____________ her cry. 8. For people who are worried about the oceans, there are a lot of things that we can do. 对于担心海洋的人们来说，有很多我们可以做的事情。 - who 引导定语从句，修饰 people（人） - who are worried about 担心 - be worried about 担心 - e.g. She ____________ worried about her exam. 9. There are a lot of things that we can do. 有很多我们可以做的事情。 - that 引导定语从句，修饰 things - that 在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略 - e.g. There is nothing ____________ I can do. 10. We should use green energy. 我们应该使用绿色能源。 - green energy 绿色能源 - e.g. We should use ____________ energy to protect the environment. 11. We should stop throwing rubbish into the oceans. 我们应该停止向海洋扔垃圾。 - stop doing 停止做某事 - throw...into 把……扔进 - rubbish n. 垃圾（不可数名词） - e.g. Don't ____________ rubbish on the ground. 12. We should stop overfishing. 我们应该停止过度捕捞。 - stop overfishing 停止过度捕捞 - e.g. We need to ____________ overfishing. 13. There is no time to waste. 没有时间可以浪费了。 - waste v. 浪费 - e.g. Don't ____________ time on useless things. 14. We must act NOW, or we will only see sea animals in museums. 我们必须现在就行动，否则我们将只能在博物馆里看到海洋动物。 - act v. 行动（→ action n. 行动） - or conj. 否则 - e.g. We must ____________ to protect the environment. 【高频短语汇总】中英互译 1. be full of ____________ 2. ____________ 全球变暖 3. suffer from ____________ 4. ____________ 遭受，忍受 5. come from ____________ 6. ____________ 来自 7. be worried about ____________ 8. ____________ 担心 9. green energy ____________ 10. ____________ 绿色能源 11. throw...into ____________ 12. ____________ 把……扔进 13. there is no time to waste ____________ 14. ____________ 没有时间可以浪费了 15. act now ____________ 16. ____________ 现在就行动 综合练习 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. This is the book ____________ I like best. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom ( ) 2. The movie ____________ we watched yesterday is very interesting. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( ) 3. The car ____________ is parked outside is mine. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose ( ) 4. We should stop activities that ____________ the environment. A. harm B. harms C. harmed D. harming ( ) 5. Many people ____________ from the disease. A. suffer B. suffers C. suffered D. suffering ( ) 6. The bad news ____________ her cry. A. make B. makes C. made D. making ( ) 7. She ____________ worried about her exam. A. is B. are C. was D. A and C ( ) 8. There is nothing ____________ I can do. A. who B. which C. that D. whom ( ) 9. Don't ____________ rubbish on the ground. A. throws B. threw C. throw D. throwing ( ) 10. We must ____________ to protect the environment. A. action B. act C. active D. activity 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 这是我最喜欢的书。 This is the book ____________ I like best. 2. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。 The movie ____________ we watched yesterday is very interesting. 3. 停在外面的车是我的。 The car ____________ is parked outside is mine. 4. 我们应该停止危害环境的活动。 We should stop activities that ____________ the environment. 5. 许多人患有这种疾病。 Many people ____________ from the disease. 6. 坏消息让她哭了。 The bad news ____________ her cry. 7. 她担心她的考试。 She ____________ worried about her exam. 8. 我没什么能做的了。 There is nothing ____________ I can do. 9. 不要把垃圾扔在地上。 Don't ____________ rubbish on the ground. 10. 我们必须采取行动保护环境。 We must ____________ to protect the environment. 11. 空气污染是一个影响每个人的问题。 Air pollution is a problem that ____________ everyone. 12. 一些危害环境的组织应该受到惩罚。 Some organisations that harm the environment should be ____________. 13. 过度捕捞正在使许多海洋动物消失。 Overfishing is making many animals that live in the sea ____________. 14. 担心海洋的人们可以做一些事情。 People ____________ are worried about the oceans can do something. 15. 没有时间可以浪费了。 There is no time to ____________. 三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的单词填空，注意形式变化） A | which | which | harm | suffer | make | be | that | throw | act | punish | 1. This is the book ____________ I like best. 2. The movie ____________ we watched yesterday is very interesting. 3. The car ____________ is parked outside is mine. 4. We should stop activities that ____________ the environment. 5. Many people ____________ from the disease. 6. The bad news ____________ her cry. 7. She ____________ worried about her exam. 8. There is nothing ____________ I can do. 9. Don't ____________ rubbish on the ground. 10. We must ____________ to protect the environment. B | which | which | harm | suffer | make | be | that | throw | act | punish | The oceans are in trouble. Sea animals 1.____________ can't live with higher temperatures are 2.____________ from global warming. Overfishing is 3.____________ many animals that live in the sea disappear. For people 4.____________ are worried about the oceans, there are a lot of things 5.____________ we can do. We should stop activities that 6.____________ the environment. We should stop 7.____________ rubbish into the oceans. We must 8.____________ now. Organisations that 9.____________ the environment should be 10.____________. There is no time to waste! 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. This is the book ____________ (which) I like best. 2. The movie which we ____________ (watch) yesterday is very interesting. 3. The car ____________ (which) is parked outside is mine. 4. We should stop activities that ____________ (harm) the environment. 5. Many people ____________ (suffer) from the disease. 6. The bad news ____________ (make) her cry. 7. She ____________ (be) worried about her exam. 8. There is nothing that I ____________ (can) do. 9. Don't ____________ (throw) rubbish on the ground. 10. We must ____________ (act) to protect the environment. 11. Air pollution is a problem that ____________ (affect) everyone. 12. Some organisations that harm the environment should be ____________ (punish). 13. Overfishing is making many animals that live in the sea ____________ (disappear). 14. People who ____________ (be) worried about the oceans can do something. 15. There is no time ____________ (waste). 答案 一、单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. that/which 2. that/which 3. that/which 4. harm 5. suffer 6. made 7. is/was 8. that 9. throw 10. act 11. affects 12. punished 13. disappear 14. who 15. waste 三、选词填空 A 1. that/which 2. that/which 3. that/which 4. harm 5. suffer 6. made 7. was 8. that 9. throw 10. act B 1. that/which 2. suffering 3. making 4. who 5. that/which 6. harm 7. throwing 8. act 9. harm 10. punished 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. that/which 2. watched 3. that/which 4. harm 5. suffer 6. made 7. is/was 8. can 9. throw 10. act 11. affects 12. punished 13. disappear 14. are 15. to waste 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $