Unit 1 Friendship-【专项训练】初中英语词汇必备手册（译林版·新教材）

八年级上册·Unit1 八年级上册 Unit 1 Friendship ★friendship/'frendJrp/n.友谊：Real 到了一个风趣的男孩。 friendship is more valuable than money. 团拓展 真正的友谊比金钱更宝贵。 联humour n.幽默 ★honest/'pnst/adj.诚实的，正直 *caring/'kear四/adj.关心他人的， 的：Honest teenagers will win the trust of 体贴人的：She is a caring teacher who friends,leading to good relationships. always goes the extra mile to help her (福建中考)诚实的青少年会赢得朋友的 students..她是一位关心学生的教师，总 信任，从而建立良好的关系。 是不辞辛劳地帮助她的学生。 团拓展 拓展 反dishonest adj.不诚实的 联care v.关心；照顾n.照料；小心 联honesty n.诚实‖ honestly truth/trud/n.事实：Caring for an aging 年级 pet is a serious responsibility and hard adv.诚实地 册 注honest的发音是以元音音素开 truth that every pet owner must face. 顾日渐老去的宠物，是每位宠物主人都必 头的，其前用不定冠词时，应用an。类似 须面对的一份沉重责任与残酷现实。 的单词还有hour、honour等。如：Such is 防搭配 Tom,an honest and brave boy.这就是汤 tell the truth说实话：He finally 姆，一个诚实、勇敢的男孩。 decided to tell the truth about the accident. cheerful/'tjiof1/adj.①快乐的：Heis 他最终决定说出事故的真相。 not cheerful as usual today.他今天不像 拓展 往常那么快快乐乐的。)乐观的：She 联true adj.真正的，确实的 has a cheerful personality and always truly adv.真正地，确实‖truthful sees the bright side of things,even when adj.坦率的 facing difficulties.她性格乐观，即便面临 困境，也总能看到事情好的一面。 joke/d3auk/n.笑话，玩笑：She told jokes,but John did not respond.(海南中 博拓展 考)她讲了笑话，但约翰没有回应。 联cheer v.欢呼；加油；喝彩n.欢 事搭配 呼声；喝彩声‖cheerfully adv.高兴地 play jokes/,a joke on sb.同某人开玩 humorous/'hju:maras/adj.幽默的：笑；捉弄某人：He often tells me not to David saw a humorous boy on the play a joke on the old people.他经常告诫 playground.(广西中考)戴维在操场上看 我不要和老年人开玩笑。 109 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 laugh/1af/i.&vt.笑，发笑：Someone ★lie/1ar/■i.撒谎(lied,lied,lying): laughed and Matt's face burned..(温州中 Don't lie to me！不要对我撒谎！■n.谎 考)有人笑了，马特的脸都红了。 言：A person who is honest does not tell 场搭配 lies or cheat people.诚实的人不会说谎 laugh at嘲笑：Don't laugh at others 或骗人。 mistakes.别嘲笑他人的错误。 搭配 题拓展 a big lie弥天大谎‖a white lie善意 辨laugh&smile 的谎言‖a black lie恶意的谎言‖a pack (1)laugh意为“（出声地）笑；放声大 of lies一派胡言；谎话连篇 笑”，因听到笑话、看到有趣的事而产生， person/'p3sn/n.人，个人：I saw a 情感更外放、强烈，动作幅度更大，通常与 person walking down the street.我看到 “愉悦、滑稽”相关。laugh at意为“嘲 一个人走在街上。 笑”。如：It is impolite and wrong to 搭配 laugh at people who are in trouble or in person亲自；亲身：I need to hand have different weaknesses.身处困境或有 in the application form in person,as the 年 不足的人，嘲笑他们既不礼貌也不正确。 (2)smile意为“（无声）微笑”，指面部 office doesn't accept online submissions. 上 我需要亲自递交申请表，因为该办公室不 表情，常表示怀有好意、善意的笑。smile at意为“对…微笑”。如：She smiled at 接受线上提交。 the child to show kindness..她向孩子微 拓展 笑以示友好。 联personal ad.个人的，私人的 *teenager/'ti:nerd3a(r)/n.青少年： thought/ot/n.①想法，主意：Do you It's necessary for teenagers to learn how often have negative thoughts?Do you to spend their pocket money wisely. and your friends often complain about 州中考)青少年有必要学会如何明智地使 things?(贵州中考)你经常有消极的想法 用零花钱。 吗？你和你的朋友们经常抱怨事情吗？ 围拓展 ②思考，考虑：Without a second thought, 联teenage n.十几岁的（指13至19 Mum and I decided to help the poor bird. 岁)；青少年的 (广西中考)我和妈妈毫不犹豫地决定帮 unhappy/an'hepi/adj.不开心的： 助这只可怜的鸟。 Sometimes,they're unhappy and even 搭配 feel tired.(河北中考)有时，他们不开心， have second thoughts重新考虑l 甚至感到疲倦。 without a second thought毫不犹豫地 审拓展 顿拓展 反happy adj.开心的 联thoughtful adj.体贴的 联unhappily adv.不幸地l *ponytail/'pouniterl/,n.马尾辫： unhappiness n.忧愁 Who's the girl with the glasses and the 110 八年级上册·Unit1 ponytail??那个戴眼镜扎马尾辫的女孩 孩小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。 是谁？ 事拓展 seat/sit/■n.座位：Joey's father 反carelessly adj.粗心地 started to build the seats around the 联careful adj,小心的；仔细的Ⅱ trees.(河南中考)乔伊的父亲开始在树 carefulness n.小心；仔细 周围搭建座位。■t.向…提供座位： She seated herself by the desk.她在课桌 understand /iAnda'staend/vt.vi. 旁坐了下来。 (understood,understood)理解：Ican 南搭配 understand and read every word in the give a seat/seats to sb.=give sb.a poem.(武汉中考)我能理解并读懂这首 seat/seats让座给某人‖book a seat预订 诗中的每一个词。 座位 晒拓展 *sch0 olwork/'sku:lw3k/n.学校作 联understandable adj.可以理解的 业：My father would help me with my ★bit/bt/n.①少量：My sports shoes schoolwork.我的父亲会帮我做学校作业。 are a bit tight..我的运动鞋有点儿紧。 场拓展 ②短距离：There's room for another one 年级 近homework adj.家庭作业 if you move up a bit.如果你挪开一点，这 *trustworthy/'trAstw3di/adj.值得 里还可以容纳多一个人。③稍顷：Iwas 册 信赖的：He is a trustworthy friend,他是 just going out for a bit when my uncle 一个值得信赖的朋友。 came.我正打算出去一会儿，这时我叔叔 场拓展 来了。 近reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的 搭配 ①abit一点儿（用来修饰形容词、副 注trustworthy是一个由词根、词缀 词、比较级或者动词)：Get up a bit 组合构成的派生词，核心词根是trust,词 缀是-worthy。-worthy是一个形容词后 earlier,and you will see the star.起早一 点你就会看到星星了。 缀，意为“值得…的；配得上…的”，通 ②a bit of一点（后接不可数名词)： 常加在名词后构成形容词，强调具备被该 名词所描述的动作或状态的特质。 He ate a bit of bread this morning.他今 如：praiseworthy(值得赞扬的)，noteworthy 早吃了一点面包。 (值得注意的)等。 ③not a bit一点也不：I'm really not a bit surprised.我真的一点也不觉得惊讶。 carefully/'keofoli//ado.①仔细地： Thirty-nine protectors work carefully in a little bit有点儿：She is a little bit the area to protect the great wonder. nervous..她有点儿紧张。 建中考)39名守护者在该区域仔细地工 审拓展 作，以保护这一伟大奇观。②小心地：The a bit,a little a little bit little girl put the glass down carefully.小女 (1)abit和a little bit后与of连用， 111 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 修饰不可数名词，a little则直接修饰不可 向感。 数名词，意为“有一点”。如：He has a humour /'hju:ma(r)/n.(AmE humor) little bit/a bit of money.=He has a little 幽默：This is a film full of humour.这是 money..他有一点钱。 一部很幽默的电影。 (2)abit,a little,a little bit都可修 拓展 饰形容词、动词、比较级结构等，意为“稍 联humorous adj.幽默的 微，一点”。如：Will you please turn down the radio a bit/,a little,/a little bit?请你 sense of humour n.幽默感：He has a 把收音机声音调低一点，好吗？（修饰动 strange sense of humor..他有异于常人的 She's a bit/a little/a little bit afraid 幽默感。 of the teacher..她有点儿怕这个老师。 bored/bd/adj.厌倦的，烦闷的： (修饰形容词)The patient feels a bit/a When they get tired waiting and lose a little/a little bit better today.病人今天 lot,they get bored..(天水中考)当他们厌 感觉好点儿了。（修饰比较级） 倦了等待，失去了很多东西时，他们就会 funny/'fni/adj.好笑的：The story is 感到烦闷。 年 really funny.It makes all of us laugh a energetic/ena'd3etk/adj.精力充沛 上 lot.(无锡中考)这个故事真的很有趣。 的：He was hard-working and energetic. 它让我们都笑了。 他很努力且精力充沛。His secret to 团拓展 keep healthy and energetic,he said,was 联funn.乐趣；快乐 surfing.他说他保持健康和精力充沛的 ★sense/sens/■n.①理解力：The old 秘密是冲浪。 lady has lost all sense of direction in her 蠕拓展 life.那位老妇人完全丧失了生活的方向。 联energy n.能量；精力 g感觉：I had the sense that he was ★active/'ektv/adj.O活跃的： worried about something.我感觉他有心 Getting out in nature is helpful,whether 事。③感觉官能：The dog has a strong you're hiking or doing something less sense of smell..狗的嗅觉非常灵敏。 active,.(宜昌中考)无论你是徒步旅行还 ■ut.感觉到：When we listen to his 是做一些不那么活跃的事情，走进大自然 music,we can sense the sadness in it..当我 们听他的音乐时，能感受到其中的悲伤。 都是有帮助的。②积极的：Amy can take 搭配 an active part in the English class and get the sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch good grades.(齐齐哈尔中考)艾米可以 视/听/味/触觉：I lost the sense of taste in 积极参加英语课，取得好成绩。 an accident..在一场意外中我失去了味觉。 速拓展 a sense of direction方向感：I have a 反inactive adj.不积极的‖passive good sense of direction,我有很好的方 adj.被动的；消极的 112 八年级上册·Unit1 联actively adv.活跃地；积极地‖ 球拓展 activity m.活力；活动 联belief n.信任；相信；信赖I 注active前加上否定前缀in-构成 believable adj..可信的 其反义词inactive,意为“不积极的”。 believe sb.believe in sb. 如：Jack is inactive in class..杰克在课堂 believe sb.表示相信某人说的话。 上不活跃。有些形容词前加否定前缀in believe in sb.表示信任某人。如：I believe 能构成其反义词。如：incorrect(不正确 him,but I don't believe in him.我相信 的)，infinite(无限的)等。 他说的话，但是我不信任他。 encourage/In'kArId3/ot.鼓励：We face/fes/■t.O面临：He will face encourage all students to work at their great difficulties..他将面临极大的困难. own pace..我们鼓励学生都按自己的节奏 ②面对：We had better face our problem 学习。 bravely.我们最好勇敢地面对我们的问 搭配 题。■n.脸：The man had a satisfied encourage sb.to do sth,鼓励某人做 expression on his face.那个人的脸上露 某事：The new library encourages readers 出了满意的神色。 年级 to pass those books on to someone else 搭配 when they've finished reading..(广东中 ①face to face面对面地：We should 考)这座新图书馆鼓励读者在读完书籍 talk about this face to face.这件事我们 后，将其转交给其他人。 得面对面谈。 拓展 ②make faces,/a face做鬼脸：The 联encouragement n. 鼓励‖ children make faces all day.孩子们整天 encouraging adj.鼓励的 做鬼脸。 believe/br'liw/vt.相信：Our team will ③on one's face在某人脸上：She had win finally,I believe..(常州中考)我相信 a look of satisfaction on her face.她的脸 我们队最终会赢的。 上露出了满意的神情。 搭配 ④in the face of面对（困难等）： ①believe in sb.信任某人：I believe Calming the Waves showed Su Shi's hope in my good friend,Tom.我信任我的好 and love for life in the face of difficulties. 朋友汤姆。 (吉林中考)《定风波》展现了苏轼在困境 ②believe it or not信不信由你： 面前对生活的希望与热爱。 Believe it or not,I'm going to Disneyland ★secret/'si:krot/■n.秘密：The secret tomorrow！信不信由你，我明天就要去迪 is,almost everyone likes pizzas.(连云港 士尼乐园了！ 中考)秘密是，几乎每个人都喜欢比萨。 113 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 ■adj.秘密的：This is a secret plan.这 in the forest where it is,you'll know 是一个秘密计划。 what it is-its huge size and height. 审搭配 都中考)若你身处那片森林之中，便会知 keep it secret(from sb.)(对某人) 晓它的模样 —那硕大的体型与惊人的 保密：I decided to keep it secret from my 高度。 parents.我决定对我父母保密。 速拓展 keep secrets保密：We must learn to keep 联high adj.高的 secrets for the safety of our motherland. 注询问某人身高或某物的高度，用 (泰州中考)为了祖国的安全，我们必须学 句式“What'ssb.'s height?”“What'sthe 会保守秘密。 height of.?”。如：What's your height?? W0rse/w3s/■adj.(bad的比较级)更 你的身高是多少？What's the height of 差的：The weather today is worse than the hill?那座小山的高度是多少？ yesterday..今天的天气比昨天差。 sec,/sek/abbr.(=second)秒：The boy ■adu.更差，更坏，更糟(badly的比较 can run 100 metres in eleven seconds. 级)：I slept worse in hot weather.在炎热 年 个男孩跑100米只需要11秒。 的天气里，我更加睡不好。 test/test/n.①测验，考查：A person 上 场拓展 may smile when he is pleased with a 注worse是bad/badly的比较级， grade on a test or when he hears a funny 用于两者之间的比较，其前可用much, joke.(山西中考)一个人可能会在对考试 even,a little等修饰。如：Of course,itis 成绩感到满意时，或听到有趣的笑话时微 a good idea,but washing your face too 笑。②试验：Probably the simplest way is much could make the skin painful, to give a child a food test.(淮安中考)最 making the pimples even worse.(威海中 简单的方法可能是给孩子做食物测试。 考)当然，这是一个好主意，但洗脸太多会 切拓展 让皮肤疼痛，使粉刺更严重。 近exam n.考试 worst/w3xst/adj.(bad的最高级)最差 badminton/'baedmintan./n.羽毛球运 的：She thought it was the worst week in 动：He likes playing badminton,.他喜欢 her life.(准安中考)她认为这是她一生 打羽毛球。 中最糟糕的一周。 however/hau'eva(r)/ado.①然而：He 拓展 was feeling bad.However,he went to 注worst是bad/badly的最高级，意 school.他感觉不舒服，但他还是去上学 为“最差，最糟，最坏”。如：It is the worst 了。②（与形容词或副词连用）无论到什 speech.这是最差的演讲。 么程度，不管多么：She goes running height/hat/n.身高，高度：He'sof every day however cold it is..无论多冷她 medium height.他中等身高。If you are 都每天去跑步。 114 八年级上册·Unit1 团拓展 恐慌 辨however&but fight /fart/ot.vi.(fought,fought) (1)however为副词，意为“然而，不 ①搏斗，打斗：They fought with each other. 过”，可以位于句首或句中，要用逗号与句 (德阳中考)他们互相打架。②为…斗 子的其他内容隔开。如：However,he 争：Dancing with others not only makes points out that AI cannot completely people feel less different in their moving replace professionals due to the human abilities,but also helps to fight against touch that is important for therapeutic loneliness and problems in getting along services.然而，他指出，人工智能无法完 with others.(南通中考)与他人共舞不 全取代专业人士，因为人文关怀在治疗服 仅能让人在移动能力上感觉不那么不 务中至关重要。 同，还有助于对抗孤独和应对与他人相 (2)but为连词，意为“但是”，直接引 处的问题。 出内容，表示转折，其后一般不用逗号。 搭配 如：Snakes may not be as cute as pandas, ①fight for为…而战：We should but they're just of the same importance fight for our dreams and never give up to the environment.(泰州中考)蛇可能 easily.我们应该为梦想奋斗，绝不轻易 年级 没有熊猫那么可爱，但它们对环境同样 放弃。 册 重要。 ②fight against与…作斗争：My father fought against the Fascists in balloon/ba'lun/n.气球：Papa and Spain.我的父亲曾经在西班牙与法西斯 Rani blew up balloons-red,yellow, 分子作战。 green,blue.(连云港中考)爸爸和拉尼吹 气球一红、黄、绿、蓝。 dead/ded/adj.死的：On many mornings, there might be several dead birds lying scared/skead/■adi.害怕，恐惧：In on the ground.(苏州中考)在许多早晨， these cases,some pandas may feel scared. 地上可能躺着几只死鸟。 (徐州中考)在这些情况下，一些熊猫可能 团拓展 会感到害怕。■l,使害怕：It scared me 联dieo.死；死亡‖death n.死亡 to think I was alone in the building.想到 辩dead,death&die 自己独自一人在大楼里，我就感到害怕。 搭配 (l)dead是形容词，意为“死的”。 be scared of sb./sth.害怕某人/某 如：The cat has been dead for three days, 物：He is scared of insects..他害怕昆虫。 so we buried it in the backyard.这只猫已 经死了三天了，所以我们把它埋在后院。 螺拓展 (2)death是名词，意为“死；死亡”。 近afraid adj.害怕的‖frightened 如：His death made us very surprised.他 adj.害怕的 的死使我们非常惊讶。 联scare v.恐吓；恐惧n.惊恐； (3)die是不及物动词，意为“死”，它 115 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的 brave/brev/adj.勇敢的：He was brave 状语连用，当“死亡”与一段时间搭配时， enough to save his neighbour from a fire. 常用系表结构be dead表示。如：She died 很勇敢，从火灾中救出了他的邻居。 three months ago.=She has been dead for 审拓展 three months.她三个月前去世了。 联bravely adv.勇敢地‖bravery attack/atek/■vi.&vt.攻击，袭击： n.勇敢 Most dogs will not attack unless provoked. get along with sb,与某人和睦相处， 大多数的狗受到挑衅才会攻击。Besides, 关系良好：She gets along with her when otters are unhappy,they will make neighbours.她和邻居相处得很好。 loud noises and even attack people.(长沙 壩拓展 中考)此外，当水獭不高兴时，它们会发出 很大的噪声，甚至攻击人。■n.①攻击： 近get on with sb..与…相处得 He was killed in an attack on a checkpoint. 好：She gets on really well with her flatmates..她和室友相处得非常好。 他在一次对边防检查站发起的攻击中丧 生。②抨击：The media launched an listener/'lisana(r)/n.①听者：He is a 年 attack on the government's policy.媒体 good listener,他是一位不错的倾听者。 ②听众：The show has millions of 上 对政府的政策发起了抨击。③（疾病）发 作：He had a heart attack and was sent to listeners.这个节目有上百万听众。 hospital immediately.他心脏病发作，立 nod/nod/■oi.&t.点头：“Yes,a 即被送往医院。 little,”Lin Tao nodded..“But I didn't 壩搭配 have time to think about it..”“是的，有点 under attack遭受攻击‖attack on.. 儿，”林涛点头说，“但是我没有时间考虑 对…的攻击/抨击 它。”■n.点头：He gave her a nod of *gone/gn/adj.离开了，不在：一ls recognition across the crowded room. Miss White here?-No,she was gone 在拥挤的房间那头向她点头致意，以示认 before I arrived.-怀特女士在这儿 出了她。 吗？ 不在，我来之前她就走了。 feeling/'fil/n.O情感：Trust is a danger/'dend3a(r)/n.危险：She basic feeling in any relationship..信任是 warned us of the danger.她提醒我们要 任何关系中的基本情感。②感觉：Shc 当心危险。 had a strong feeling that something was 搭配 wrong.她有种强烈的感觉，事情有些不 in danger处境危险‖out of danger 对劲。 脱离危险 拓展 拓展 联feel v.感觉n.感觉，感知 联dangerous adj..危险的‖ 0nCe/wans/conj.一…就，一旦（见 dangerously adu.危险地 P10) 116 八年级上册·Unit1 ★patient/'perfnt//■adj.有耐心的： 做事的过程中需保持耐心，尤其是当孩子 You need to be easy-going,patient,and 面对挑战时。 helpful to spend so much time in a small 拓展 space with other people..(杭州中考)你需 反impatient adj.不耐烦的 要随和、耐心和乐于助人，才能在狭小的 联patience n.耐心；忍耐力‖ 空间里与他人共度这么多时间。■n.病 patiently adv.耐心地 人：They tried many different ways to thoughtful/'otf/adj.①体贴的：It treat the patients and recorded their was very thoughtful of you to bring me results.(杭州中考)他们尝试了许多不同 coffee when I was busy.你在我忙碌时给 的方法来治疗患者，并记录了他们的 我带咖啡，真是体贴。②深思的：He 结果。 looked thoughtful.他看起来一脸沉思。 壩搭配 面拓展 be patient with sb./sth.对某人/某事 近considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周 有耐心：Parents need to be patient with their children when they are learning to 到的‖kind adj.友善的，体贴的 do things independently,especially 联thought n.想法；思考；看法 during challenges.父母在孩子学习独立 年 secret/'si:krat/adj,秘密的：（见P1s) 上册 短 语 l.tell the truth说实话 17.stay active保持活跃 2.be good at telling jokes擅长讲笑话 l8.club activities社团活动 3.make sb.laugh使某人大笑 19.give up放弃 4.stand by one's side and support sb. 20.encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做 在某人身边，支持某人 某事 5.lie to sb.对某人撒谎 2l.keep secrets保密 6.share one's thoughts分享某人的想法 22.climb up a tree爬上一棵树 7.in a ponytail扎马尾辫 23.lie on the ground躺在地上 8.be ready to do sth.准备好做某事 24.in times of danger在危险时刻 9.in need需要帮助 25.from time to time偶尔，时不时地 l0.help sb.with sth..帮助某人做某事 26.care about one's feelings关心某人的 l1l.cheer sb..up使某人振作起来 情绪 l2.feel down情绪低落，感到沮丧 27.support each other相互支持 13.a little bit有点儿 28.have a point有道理 14.sense of humour幽默感 29.big bright eyes又大又亮的眼睛 l5.feel bored感到厌烦 30.get on,/along with sb.与某人和睦相 l6.with sb.around有某人在身边 处，关系良好 117