必修第三册 Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES（word练习）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习课时作业（人教版）

**基本信息** 以“人与社会”主题为核心，整合不同文体语篇理解与语言运用，通过真实情境训练提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇（夹叙夹议/说明文）|细节理解/主旨归纳/词义猜测|围绕节俭观、同理心等主题，构建“现象描述-深层分析-现实意义”逻辑链，培养思维品质| |语法填空|1篇（记叙文）|语境语法运用（虚词/实词）|以理发师故事为载体，考查语法知识在真实语境中的灵活运用，强化语言能力| |完形填空|1篇（记叙文）|语境词义辨析/情感逻辑|通过善意传递叙事，训练上下文推理与情感把握能力，体现文化意识中的社会责任|

Unit 2　 MORALS AND VIRTUES ●ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者父亲的节俭哲学对其成长的影响,阐述了真正节俭的核心,并通过全球食物浪费现象说明节俭可成为社会正义。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny—not from cruelty, but to build self-reliance…I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighbourhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting.”可知,作者在年轻时为邻居工作是为了遵循父亲培养他自立的原则。故选C项。 2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“When I lost two months’ earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, ‘Live and learn.’…at thirty, I value its wisdom—true lessons grow through doing.”可知,作者现在认为父亲说的“吃一堑,长一智”是有益的。故选A项。 3.C　段落大意题。根据第三段中“Father believed ‘earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed’—a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体)—earn through labour, save with intention, and spend with care.”可知,该段主要阐述了真正节俭的核心。故选C项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Locally, supermarkets throw outdated bread (still eatable) while shelters beg for donations…Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice.”可知,作者提及全球食物浪费数据是为了强调节俭在社会中的应用。故选B项。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了一项研究揭示了从他人视角看问题的能力可能会增强创造力,还介绍了研究中涉及的两种同理心、研究结果以及培养同理心的方法。 5.D　词义猜测题。根据下文研究结果“Results showed that people with stronger cognitive empathy engaged in more creative activities and achieved greater success in fields like visual arts, science, and writing.”可知,有更强认知同理心的人创造力更强,这说明从他人视角看问题的能力可能会“增强”创造力,由此可推测,augment的意思是“增加,增强”,与add to意思一致。故选D项。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第四段“Further analysis suggested that understanding different viewpoints might stimulate creativity by exposing individuals to diverse ways of thinking.”可知,认知同理心与更强的创造性成就相关,是因为它能让人们接触到不同的思维过程。故选B项。 7.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“One effective method is to engage with books or watch TV or films and mentally place yourself in the characters’ shoes, thereby building your perspective-taking muscles.”可知,通过角色想象,在心理上置身于角色的处境可以培养同理心。故选A项。 8.C　主旨大意题。根据第一段“A recent study reveals that the ability to see things from others’ perspectives (观点) may augment creativity.”并结合全文内容可知,文章开篇指出研究表明从他人视角看问题的能力可能会增强创造力,接着介绍了研究中对两种同理心的测量、研究结果(认知同理心与创造力相关),还说明了培养同理心的方法,全文围绕“理解他人(从他人视角看问题)有助于创造力”这一核心展开,C选项“理解他人:你下一个伟大想法的关键”能够概括文章主旨,可以作为最佳标题。故选C项。 ●Ⅱ【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了理发师晓华因倾听理解顾客而备受关注,人们赞其手艺,欣赏她以顾客需求为先的态度。晓华吸引顾客的关键并非低价,而是她尊重、关心顾客所带来的温暖感。 1.a　考查冠词。这里表示泛指“一位理发师”,hairdresser是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 2.What　考查主语从句。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指“人们真正看重的东西”,所以用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填What。 3.despite　考查介词。根据句意可知,前后句是让步关系,表示“尽管她突然成名,但理发价格仍然不变”,her sudden rise to fame为名词词组,应用介词despite,表示“尽管”。故填despite。 4.claiming　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,claim与逻辑主语some of her peers之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词claiming作状语。故填claiming。 5.currently　考查副词。空处在句中作状语,应用current的副词形式 currently。故填currently。 6.but　考查连词。 “not…but…”是固定句型,意为“不是……而是……”,这里表示“晓华吸引顾客的真正原因不是低价,而是她尊重和关心的态度”。故填but。 7.warmth　考查名词。of是介词,后面接名词,warm的名词形式是warmth。故填warmth。 8.have arisen　考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词,in recent years是现在完成时的标志短语,problems是复数,arise的过去分词是arisen。故填have arisen。 9.affordable　考查形容词。这里需要一个形容词修饰haircuts,afford的形容词形式是affordable,意为“负担得起的;价格合理的”。故填affordable。 10.practices　考查名词复数。practice在这里表示“惯例;做法”,是可数名词,应该用复数形式practices。故填practices。 ●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一个善意传递、温暖人心的故事——Jessica Harris在深夜工作时,为两位疲惫的消防员支付了餐费并留下感谢便条,消防员得知她为照顾重病父亲打多份工的困境后,发起募捐,一家医疗设备公司也捐赠了新轮椅。 1.A　根据上文“…started her work as usual at the 188 diner.”可知,此处表示Jessica Harris上的是夜班,work the night shift意为“上夜班”,符合语境。故选A项。shift轮班;scene场景;light光; spot地点。 2.B　根据下文an unexpected act of kindness可知,此处表示消防员从未想到会遇到一个意想不到的善举。故选B项。(be) associated with与……有关;(be) met with遇到; (be) filled with充满; (be) satisfied with对……满意。 3.D　根据下文in over 12 hours可知,此处表示这是消防员12个多小时来的第一顿饭。故选D项。delicious美味的;final最后的; nutritious有营养的; first第一的。 4.A　根据上文“…she secretly paid for their meal, leaving a heartfelt note thanking them for their bravery and sacrifice.”可知,Jessica偷偷为消防员付了餐费,并留下了一张感谢他们勇敢和牺牲的便条,消防员被她的善举所感动。故选A项。gesture善举,姿态; passion激情;desire渴望;urge冲动。 5.B　根据上文“It was an easy night until around 5:00 am two firefighters entered the diner.”可知,消防员是在凌晨5点左右来到餐厅的,由此可推断,Jessica已经下班了,go off duty意为“下班”,符合语境。故选B项。mission使命; duty职责;task任务;point要点。 6.C　根据下文“Jessica, a full-time student, was working…jobs to support her seriously sick father, who was wholly unable to move around and in desperate need of a wheelchair.”可知,Jessica是一名全日制学生,为了照顾重病的父亲,她同时打多份工,由此可知,这是一个令人心碎的真相。故选C项。heart-warming感人的;breathtaking令人惊叹的; heartbreaking令人心碎的; heartfelt衷心的。 7.A　根据下文“…jobs to support her seriously sick father…”可知,Jessica同时打多份工来照顾重病的父亲。故选A项。multiple多个的; flexible灵活的; stable稳定的;challenging具有挑战性的。 8.B　根据上文“Jessica, a full-time student, was working…jobs to support her seriously sick father, who was wholly unable to move around and in desperate need of a wheelchair.”可知,消防员被Jessica对父亲的爱所打动。故选B项。admiration钦佩; devotion深爱; respect尊重; inspiration灵感。 9.D　根据下文a fundraiser可知,消防员发起了一场募捐活动。故选D项。attend参加; advocate提倡; mark标记;launch发起。 10.B　根据上文generous donations可知,此处表示慷慨的捐款源源不断地涌入。故选B项。check检查;pour不断涌向; fill充满; step迈步。 11.C　根据下文“…with an incredible offer—they would donate a brand-new wheelchair.”可知,此处表示一家当地的医疗设备公司主动提出要捐赠一辆全新的轮椅。故选C项。give out分发; end up最终成为; reach out伸出,主动提出; come up出现。 12.A　根据下文a simple act of gratitude可知,此处表示这一连串的善举是由一个简单的感恩之举引发的。故选A项。 spark引发; touch感动; seize抓住; motivate激励。 13.A　根据上文a good heart以及下文“Her father…his mobility, and she could focus on her studies.”可知,此处表示一颗善良的心战胜了厄运。故选A项。ill生病的,不吉利的;pure纯粹的;good好的;numerous众多的。 14.B　根据上文“…they would donate a brand-new wheelchair.”以及下文“…she could focus on her studies.”可知,在消防员和医疗设备公司的帮助下,Jessica的父亲恢复了行动能力。故选B项。 maintain维持;regain恢复; enhance提高; obtain获得。 15.A　根据上文this chain of kindness以及下文“…proving that even in the darkest moments, hope and sympathy can light the way.”可知,消防员们继续传递善意,pay it forward意为“把善意传递下去”,符合语境。故选A项。 forward向前地; off离开; back向后地;out向外。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2　 MORALS AND VIRTUES (限时:35分钟) 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 ●Ⅰ 阅读理解 A [2025·河南省五市高三第二次联考] 文体:夹叙夹议　主题:人与社会　词数:312 My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny—not from cruelty, but to build self-reliance. Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr Carter requires help sorting bottles.” I earned coins through seasonal work in the neighbourhood: sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and babysitting. Savings filled the tin under my bed, its weight showing my growing pride. Though he occasionally borrowed for emergencies (a flat tyre or a medical bill), repayment was exact and timely. When I lost two months’ earnings in a failed lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I value its wisdom—true lessons grow through doing. Modern thrift education focuses on saving, but ignores its key point: earning. Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed”—a truth wealthy families overlook while advocating thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体)—earn through labour, save with intention, and spend with care. This trio, unteachable in classrooms, roots in blistered (满是水疱的) hands and difficult situations. Locally, supermarkets throw outdated bread (still eatable) while shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually—enough to feed all the hungry—while 800 million starve. This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project—redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect for resources.” In our wasteful era, thrift transforms from personal discipline to collective duty. (　)1.Why did the author work for neighbours during his youth? A.To raise funds for his project. B.To help neighbours in need. C.To meet his father’s principle. D.To solve weight problems. (　)2.What does the author now think about his father’s words “Live and learn”? A.A plus. 　　　　B.A burden. C.A dilemma. D.A cruelty. (　)3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A.The role of true thrift. B.The examples of true thrift. C.The core of true thrift. D.The challenges of true thrift. (　)4.Why does the author mention the global food waste data? A.To evaluate modern school systems. B.To stress thrift’s application in society. C.To urge stricter laws against food waste. D.To compare different consumption habits. B [2026·湖南省怀化市高三模拟] 文体:说明文　主题:人与社会　词数:340 A recent study reveals that the ability to see things from others’ perspectives (观点) may augment creativity. Researchers from the University of Vienna conducted experiments with young Chinese adults to examine how different types of empathy (同理心) relate to creative thinking and achievement. The study measured two kinds of empathy: cognitive empathy (understanding others’ points of view) and emotional empathy (sharing others’ feelings). Participants completed questionnaires about their empathic tendencies and reported their creative activities over the past year, such as writing, inventing, or artistic pursuits. Researchers also analysed long-term data from China’s Gene-Brain-Behaviour Project to track creative development. Results showed that people with stronger cognitive empathy engaged in more creative activities and achieved greater success in fields like visual arts, science, and writing. Interestingly, emotional empathy didn’t show the same connection to creativity. The benefits of perspective-taking appeared strongest in areas requiring innovative thinking rather than technical skills like music performance. Further analysis suggested that understanding different viewpoints might stimulate creativity by exposing individuals to diverse ways of thinking. However, the emotional aspect of empathy didn’t contribute similarly, possibly because it requires mental energy that could otherwise be used for creative work. The findings highlight how developing our ability to see through others’ eyes might be an effective way to boost creative potential, especially in fields that value novel approaches and solutions. Whatever the case, the findings suggest that increasing your ability to take someone’s perspectives might be a good thing for your creativity. Fortunately, empathy can be cultivated through deliberate effort. One effective method is to engage with books or watch TV or films and mentally place yourself in the characters’ shoes, thereby building your perspective-taking muscles. You can also build empathy by interacting with people who are different from you in some way, while being curious about their inner life and deeply listening to their perspectives. (　)5.What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Put off. B.Call for. C.Hold back. D.Add to. (　)6.Why is cognitive empathy linked to greater creative achievement? A.It shares others’ emotional experiences. B.It introduces different thought processes. C.It offers mental energy among innovators. D.It helps individuals master technical skills. (　)7.How can people develop empathy? A.By role-imagining. B.By exposing inner world. C.By working out. D.By comparing backgrounds. (　)8.Which can be the best title for the text? A.The science of creativity: how it unlocks empathy B.The mental process of seeing through others’ eyes C.Understanding others: the key to your next big idea D.Seeing differently rarely meaning thinking differently ●Ⅱ 语法填空 [2025·广东省广州市高三二模] 文体:记叙文　主题:人与社会　词数:217 People have been talking about Xiaohua, 1.　　　　　　 hairdresser who listens and understands. They praise her with the phrase, “a cut that makes you look great,” and appreciate her sincerity and devotion. 2.　　　　　　 people really value is her attitude of putting the customers’ needs first.  Reports indicate that 3.　　　　　　 her sudden rise to fame, the haircut prices remain unchanged. Some of her peers questioned her low pricing, 4.　　　　　　 (claim) it sets the industry back more than a decade. In response, she stated that her skills are 5.　　　　 (current) worth this money, and her biggest wish is to see every customer leave the salon with a smile.  However, the real reason why Xiaohua attracts customers isn’t the “low prices”, 6.　　　　　　 her respectful and caring approach, which arouses a sense of long-lost 7.　　　　　　 (warm). In recent years, problems like rising prices and over-advertising 8.　　　　　　 (arise). Xiaohua’s 9.　　　　 (afford) haircuts appeal to consumers by popping the industry’s price bubble. So, she encourages the industry to rethink its 10.　　　　　　 (practice) rather than “setting the industry back”. Her success reveals a simple truth: regardless of pricing or market positioning, genuine service and customer satisfaction are the key to sustainable growth.  ●Ⅲ 完形填空 [2025·湖北省鄂东南高三三模] 文体:记叙文　主题:人与社会　词数:264 On August 25, Jessica Harris started her work as usual at the 188 diner. She was working the night 　1　. It was an easy night until around 5:00 am two firefighters entered the diner. They had just returned from a rough night and never anticipated that their exhaustion would be 　2　 an unexpected act of kindness. Overhearing that it was their 　3　 meal in over 12 hours, Jessica decided to do something. Having served them with a warm smile, she secretly paid for their meal, leaving a heartfelt note thanking them for their bravery and sacrifice.  Touched by her 　4　, the firefighters decided to thank Jessica personally. But she had gone off 　5　. Curious, they inquired about her, only to find a 　6　 truth. Jessica, a full-time student, was working 　7　 jobs to support her seriously sick father, who was wholly unable to move around and in desperate need of a wheelchair.  Struck by her 　8　 to her father, the firefighters 　9　 a fundraiser, and within days, generous donations 　10　 in. But the story didn’t end there. A local medical equipment company, inspired by Jessica’s deeds, 　11　 with an incredible offer—they would donate a brand-new wheelchair.  This chain of kindness, 　12　 by a simple act of gratitude, transformed lives. As for Jessica, a good heart overcame 　13　 fortune. Her father 　14　 his mobility, and she could focus on her studies. The firefighters, reminded of the power of human connection, continued to pay it 　15　, proving that even in the darkest moments, hope and sympathy can light the way.  (　)1.A.shift 　　　　　B.scene C.light D.spot (　)2.A.associated with B.met with C.filled with D.satisfied with (　)3.A.delicious B.final C.nutritious D.first (　)4.A.gesture B.passion C.desire D.urge (　)5.A.mission B.duty C.task D.point (　)6.A.heart-warming B.breathtaking C.heartbreaking D.heartfelt (　)7.A.multiple B.flexible C.stable D.challenging (　)8.A.admiration B.devotion C.respect D.inspiration (　)9.A.attended B.advocated C.marked D.launched (　)10.A.checked B.poured C.filled D.stepped (　)11.A.gave out B.ended up C.reached out D.came up (　)12.A.sparked B.touched C.seized D.motivated (　)13.A.ill B.pure C.good D.numerous (　)14.A.maintained B.regained C.enhanced D.obtained (　)15.A.forward B.off C.back D.out A.词汇积累 1.seasonal adj.季节性的;随季节变化的 2.repayment n.偿还;还款 3.overlook v.忽视;忽略 4.collective adj. 集体的 5.overhear v. 无意中听到 B.熟词生义 1.note n.(熟义)笔记;便条→ v.(生义)记录,记下 Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr Carter requires help sorting bottles.” (阅读A) 【译文】 每天早上,他都会记下:“威尔逊夫人需要给她的花园除草;卡特先生需要帮忙整理瓶子。” 2.fuel n.(熟义)燃料→v. (生义)增强;给……加燃料;给……提供能量 This phenomenon fuels my Food Rescue project—redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to reuse deserted furniture for schools.(阅读A) 【译文】 这种现象推动了我的“食物救援”项目——将面包店的剩余食物转送至食品银行,并培训年轻人重新利用废弃家具供学校使用。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $