Unit3 Same or Different预习讲练2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** Unit 3 “Same or Different?” 暑假衔接预习讲练，聚焦人物比较与性格描述，通过音乐节对话等真实情境，设计信息提取、语法应用、写作等分层任务，覆盖比较级、核心词汇（如outgoing、respect）及“尊重差异”主题，适配初中英语暑假预习，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |信息提取|1（表格填空）|比较级信息提取（Ella与Emma性格、习惯等）|情境化对话素材，培养信息筛选能力| |词汇填空|2（语法+首字母）|比较级形式（quieter）、核心词汇（personality）|结合语境强化词汇应用，突出易错点| |阅读理解|2篇（10题）|比较级阅读、差异主题理解|校园情境（运动会、科学俱乐部），提升思维品质| |写作|1（80词短文）|差异主题表达（性格、爱好比较）|提供思维导图与句型库，培养学习能力|

Unit 3 · Same or Different? 预习讲练 （八上·暑假衔接） 学习目标 1. 掌握与人物比较和性格描述相关的核心词汇，如 compare, outgoing, serious, similar, mirror, respect, personality, difference 等； 2. 正确运用形容词和副词的比较级形式进行两者比较； 3. 掌握 as...as, a little + 比较级, much + 比较级 等比较级特殊结构； 4. 能阅读与友谊和差异主题相关的短文，提取关键信息并完成相关练习； 5. 能用比较级描述朋友之间的异同，表达"尊重差异，互相学习"的主题。 单元知识地图 Section A · Pre-reading & Task Conversation 1 (1b & 1c) Peter: Chen Jie, did you hear about the school music festival? Chen Jie: Yeah, it sounds fun. Peter: Why don't you perform? You play the Chinese flute better than anyone else in our music club. Chen Jie: Well, I'm afraid of performing alone. I'm not as outgoing as you. Peter: But you work harder than me. And last week you played a really beautiful song! Chen Jie: You liked it? Maybe we could play it together! Peter: Great idea! Conversation 2 (1b & 1c continued) Mrs Brown: I loved your performance! You two did a wonderful job! Peter and Chen Jie: Thank you! Peter: Look, it's time for Ella and Emma's show! Mrs Brown: Is that Ella singing? Peter: No, that's Emma. Emma is taller than Ella. And she sings louder than Ella. Chen Jie: Look! That is Ella dancing. Her hair is longer than Emma's. Peter: They both dance well, but I think Ella dances better than her sister. Conversation 3 (2a & 2c) Han Lin: Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival! The twins: Thank you! Han Lin: You attended the festival last year and this year. How is this year different? Ella: There are more students and more activities this year. I think it is more colourful than last year. Han Lin: As twins, you look very similar. How are you different? Emma: I'm a little quieter than Ella. And she is funnier than me. Ella: Emma always gets up earlier than me. Many people say I'm lazier than Emma, but that's not true! I work as hard as her! Han Lin: That's really interesting. Besides singing, how do you spend your spare time? Ella: I love playing sports more than anything. Emma: I like reading. You see, we're different in many ways, but together, we make a great team! Han Lin: Thanks for talking with me. The twins: Our pleasure! Task 1: Information Extraction — Complete the table. Comparison Point Ella Emma Personality (性格) ________ than Emma quieter Daily habit (日常习惯) gets up ________ gets up earlier Working attitude (态度) works ________ as Emma as hard-working as Ella Hobby (爱好) ________ likes reading Similarity (相同点) They look very ________. They won the ________ together. Task 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative forms. 1. Emma is a little __________ (quiet) than Ella, but Ella is __________ (funny) than Emma. 2. There are __________ (many) students and __________ (many) activities this year. 3. I think this year's festival is __________ (colourful) than last year's. 4. Ella dances __________ (well) than Emma, but Emma sings __________ (loud) than Ella. 5. I work as __________ (hard) as her. That's why we make a great team. Section A 核心词汇详解 【词汇1】compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较；对比 教材例句： How do we compare with each other? ——我们如何相互比较？（单元导语 Big Question） 核心搭配： · compare...with... 把……与……比较 —— Compare your answer with your partner's. · compare...to... 把……比作…… —— People often compare twins to mirrors. · compared with/to... 与……相比 —— Compared with last year, I'm much taller now. ⚠ 易错提醒： compare A with B（比较两者异同），compare A to B（把A比作B）。两者不可混淆。 【即练1】 (   ) Let's __________ our answers with each other to see if we got the same result. A. attend   B. compare   C. respect   D. practise 【即练2】 __________ with his old house, the new one is much bigger and brighter. (用 compare 的适当形式填空) 【词汇2】outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的；友好的 教材例句： I'm not as outgoing as you. ——我不如你外向。（Section A 1b 对话） 核心搭配： · an outgoing person 一个外向的人 —— She is an outgoing person and makes friends easily. · become more outgoing 变得更外向 —— Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 反义词： shy 害羞的   近义词： friendly, sociable ⚠ 易错提醒： outgoing 的比较级是 more outgoing，不能写成 outgoinger。 【即练1】 (   ) Diana used to be shy, but now she is becoming __________ thanks to her friend. A. more serious   B. more outgoing   C. lazier   D. quieter 【即练2】 (   ) I'm not as __________ as my brother. He can talk to anyone, but I feel nervous around strangers. A. hard-working   B. outgoing   C. serious   D. honest 【词汇3】hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的 教材例句： But you work harder than me. ——但你比我更努力。（Section A 1b 对话） 核心搭配： · a hard-working student 一个勤奋的学生 · work harder than... 比……更努力 反义词： lazy 懒惰的 ⚠ 易错提醒： hard-working 的比较级是 more hard-working，不能写成 hard-workinger。hard 本身也可以作副词（work hard），但 hard-working 是形容词。 【即练1】 (   ) Although Tom is not the smartest, he is __________ than most of his classmates and always gets good grades. A. lazier   B. more honest   C. more hard-working   D. more serious 【即练2】 (   ) Emma is as __________ as Ella. They both study very hard every day. A. outgoing   B. hard-working   C. serious   D. similar 【词汇4】serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的 教材例句： He is as serious as me. ——他和我一样严肃。（Section B Matt 帖子） 核心搭配： · a serious person 一个严肃的人 · a serious problem 一个严重的问题 · take...seriously 认真对待…… —— You should take this matter seriously. 反义词： funny 滑稽的 ⚠ 易错提醒： serious 的比较级是 more serious，不能写成 seriouser。seriously 是副词形式，take...seriously 是固定搭配。 【即练1】 (   ) Mr Wang is a __________ teacher. He seldom smiles in class, but his lessons are very interesting. A. funny   B. serious   C. outgoing   D. lazy 【即练2】 (   ) Stephen is as __________ as Matt. They both don't like telling jokes. A. serious   B. outgoing   C. hard-working   D. honest 【词汇5】attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加；出席 教材例句： You attended the festival last year and this year. ——你去年和今年都参加了这个音乐节。（Section A 2a 对话） 核心搭配： · attend a meeting/festival/class 参加会议/音乐节/课程 · attend school 上学 —— Children must attend school until they are 16. 辨析 attend vs join： attend 侧重"出席"正式活动，join 侧重"加入"某个组织或群体。 ⚠ 易错提醒： attend a meeting（参加会议），join a club（加入社团）。两者搭配不同：attend 后接活动，join 后接组织。 【即练1】 (   ) Will you __________ the school sports meeting next Friday? I heard it will be very exciting. A. respect   B. attend   C. compare   D. practise 【即练2】 Last year, more than 2,000 students __________ the music festival, which was a great success. (用 attend 的适当形式填空) 【词汇6】similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的 教材例句： As twins, you look very similar. ——作为双胞胎，你们看起来很相似。（Section A 2a 对话） 核心搭配： · be similar to... 与……相似 —— His views are similar to mine. · look similar 看起来很相似 —— The two buildings look very similar. · in a similar way 以类似的方式 —— They solved the problem in a similar way. 反义词： different 不同的 ⚠ 易错提醒： similar 后接介词 to，不是 with。be similar to sb/sth（与……相似），不用 be similar with。 【即练1】 (   ) My new schoolbag is very __________ to yours. We both bought them from the same shop. A. similar   B. outgoing   C. hard-working   D. serious 【即练2】 (   ) Although they are twins, their personalities are quite __________ from each other. A. similar   B. different   C. honest   D. outgoing 【词汇7】difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差别；差异 教材例句： We should respect the differences in others. ——我们应当尊重他人的差异。（Section B 2b 词汇填空） 核心搭配： · the difference between...and... ……和……之间的差异 —— What's the difference between the two words? · make a difference 有影响；起作用 —— Your help really made a difference. · respect differences 尊重差异 —— We should learn to respect differences. 词性转换： different adj. 不同的 → difference n. 差异 ⚠ 易错提醒： difference 是名词，different 是形容词。不能说 "There are many different between us." 应该用 differences。 【即练1】 (   ) Although they are good friends, there are many __________ between them. A. mirrors   B. hobbies   C. differences   D. personalities 【即练2】 Even a small act of kindness can make a big __________ to someone's life. (用 difference 的适当形式填空) Section B · Pre-reading & Task Forum Posts: Should friends be similar or different? Tom: Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think? Should friends be similar or different? Matt: I think a good friend is like a mirror. You can understand people by knowing their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. For example, we both love sports. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. Stephen and I are similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren't playing sports, we enjoy reading together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels. We often share interesting books with each other. Diana: I don't agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense of humour too. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. Now I think meeting new people is really fun! I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend. Task 3: True or False (   ) 1. Matt believes friends should be similar to each other. (   ) 2. Stephen plays badminton worse than Matt, so Matt always wins. (   ) 3. Diana thinks friends who are different can help her become better. (   ) 4. Yuan Lei is shy and doesn't like meeting new people. (   ) 5. Zhang Yong is afraid to give his opinions to Diana. Task 4: Read and answer the questions. 1. Why does Matt think a good friend is like a mirror? ________ 2. How does Diana benefit from having a different friend? ________ 3. What do Matt and Stephen enjoy doing together? ________ 4. What can we learn from both Matt's and Diana's opinions? ________ Section B 核心词汇详解 【词汇8】mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子 教材例句： I think a good friend is like a mirror. ——我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。（Section B Matt 帖子） 核心搭配： · look in the mirror 照镜子 —— She looked in the mirror before going out. · be like a mirror 像一面镜子 —— A true friend is like a mirror. · mirror image 镜像 —— The twins are almost mirror images of each other. ⚠ 易错提醒： mirror 作动词意为"反映；反射"，但教材中主要学习名词义"镜子"。 【即练1】 (   ) Before the interview, she stood in front of the __________ and checked her clothes carefully. A. mirror   B. window   C. prize   D. novel 【即练2】 (   ) A best friend is like a __________. They help you see who you really are. A. hobby   B. mirror   C. difference   D. personality 【词汇9】practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习；训练 教材例句： I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. ——我练习时更加努力，现在我羽毛球打得越来越好了。（Section B Matt 帖子） 核心搭配： · practise doing sth 练习做某事 —— She practises playing the piano every day. · practise...hard 努力练习…… —— He practises basketball hard after school. · practice (n.) 练习 —— Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 ⚠ 易错提醒： practise 后接动名词（doing），不能接不定式（to do）。英式拼法为 practise（v.）/ practice（n.），美式拼法统一为 practice。 【即练1】 (   ) He __________ playing the guitar for two hours every evening to prepare for the music festival. A. practises   B. attends   C. compares   D. respects 【即练2】 My brother is getting better at swimming because he __________ harder than before. (用 practise 的适当形式填空) 【词汇10】respect /rɪˈspekt/ v./n. 尊重 教材例句： I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. ——我认为我们应当尊重彼此的差异，互相学习。（Section B Diana 帖子） 核心搭配： · respect sb/sth 尊重某人/某物 —— We should respect our parents. · show respect for... 对……表示尊重 —— You should show respect for different opinions. · respect differences 尊重差异 —— It's important to respect differences. ⚠ 易错提醒： respect 作动词直接接宾语（respect sb），作名词常用 show respect for sb。 【即练1】 (   ) We should learn to __________ people who have different opinions from us. A. practise   B. attend   C. compare   D. respect 【即练2】 (   ) In a team, it is important to show __________ for each member's ideas, even if you don't agree. A. mirror   B. respect   C. hobby   D. prize 【词汇11】honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 教材例句： I am glad to have an honest friend. ——我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。（Section B Diana 帖子） 核心搭配： · an honest person/friend 一个诚实的人/朋友 · to be honest 说实话 —— To be honest, I don't like the movie. · honest opinion 坦诚的意见 —— Thank you for your honest opinion. 反义词： dishonest 不诚实的 ⚠ 易错提醒： honest 首字母 h 不发音，前面用 an（an honest boy），不是 a honest boy。 【即练1】 (   ) __________, I didn't like the food at the party. It was too spicy for me. A. Being honest   B. To be honest   C. Being serious   D. To be serious 【即练2】 (   ) A good friend is not just someone who says nice things. Sometimes you need an __________ opinion. A. outgoing   B. similar   C. honest   D. lazy 【词汇12】besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep./adv. 除……之外（还）；而且 教材例句： Besides singing, how do you spend your spare time? ——除了唱歌，你如何度过业余时间？（Section A 2a 对话） 核心搭配： · besides + 名词/doing 除……之外还 —— Besides English, she also speaks French. · besides (adv.) 而且 —— I don't want to go out. Besides, it's raining. 辨析 besides vs except： besides 表"除……之外还有（包含）"，except 表"除……之外（排除）"。 ⚠ 易错提醒： besides 和 except 含义相反。besides five books（除了五本书还有其他），except five books（除了这五本书没有其他的了）。 【即练1】 (   ) __________ doing housework, what else do you do to help your family on weekends? A. Besides   B. Except   C. Without   D. Against 【即练2】 (   ) I don't have time to watch the movie. __________, I've already read the book, so I know the story. A. Besides   B. However   C. Instead   D. Although 【词汇13】personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格；个性 教材例句： The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom... both had kind personalities. ——王子爱德华和穷孩子汤姆……两人都有善良的性格。（Section B 2c 完形填空） 核心搭配： · a strong/kind personality 坚强的/善良的性格 · personality test 性格测试 · have different personalities 有不同的性格 —— They are twins but have very different personalities. ⚠ 易错提醒： personality 是可数名词，复数形式为 personalities。不要与 personal（个人的）混淆。 【即练1】 (   ) What kind of __________ do you think a great leader should have? A. mirror   B. personality   C. average   D. difference 【即练2】 (   ) My sister and I have similar hobbies but different __________. She is quiet, while I am more outgoing. A. prizes   B. mirrors   C. personalities   D. averages 【词汇14】average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj./n. 平均的；平常的；平均数 教材例句： The average height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres. ——班上学生的平均身高大约是1.6米。（Section B 2b 词汇填空） 核心搭配： · the average of... ……的平均值 —— The average of 4, 6, and 8 is 6. · above/below average 高于/低于平均水平 —— His grades are above average. · on average 平均而言 —— On average, I read two books a month. ⚠ 易错提醒： average 作名词时常用单数（the average），前面用 an 修饰（an average of three hours）。above average 前面不加冠词。 【即练1】 (   ) __________, the students in our class spend about two hours on homework every day. A. On average   B. At first   C. In fact   D. For example 【即练2】 (   ) His test scores are far above the __________. He is one of the top students in the grade. A. mirror   B. personality   C. average   D. difference 语法突破 【语法1】Comparative Forms （比较级） 1. 比较级构成规则 构成方法 原级 比较级 一般情况下加 -er tall, short, fast taller, shorter, faster 以字母 e 结尾加 -r large, late larger, later 重读闭音节双写末尾字母加 -er big, fat, thin bigger, fatter, thinner 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -er easy, heavy, early easier, heavier, earlier 多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more beautiful, quickly more beautiful, more quickly 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 good / well better bad / badly worse many / much more little less far farther / further 3. 比较级常用句型 · A + be + 比较级 + than + B —— Emma is taller than Ella. · A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B —— Ella dances better than Emma. · more + 多音节词 + than —— This festival is more colourful than last year's. ⚠ 易错总结 She is taller than me.   /   This book is more interesting than that one. She is more taller than me.   /   This book is interestinger than that one. She is as tall than me.   /   He is much tall than me. 记忆口诀：短词加 -er，长词加 more，不规则要牢记。不要既加 more 又加 -er。 【即练1】 (   ) My brother is much __________ than me. He can reach the top shelf easily. A. tall   B. taller   C. tallest   D. more tall 【即练2】 (   ) This movie is __________ than the one we watched last week. I almost fell asleep. A. interesting   B. more interesting   C. less interesting   D. most interesting 【即练3】 (   ) She sings __________ than anyone else in our class. Everyone loves her voice. A. well   B. better   C. best   D. good 【语法2】as...as 结构 & 比较级修饰语 1. as...as 结构：表示两者程度相同 结构： as + 形容词/副词原级 + as I work as hard as her.（我和她一样努力。） She is as tall as her mother.（她和她妈妈一样高。） 否定形式： not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as I'm not as outgoing as you.（我不如你外向。） This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本有趣。） 2. 比较级修饰语 可以用 much, a little, a lot, even, far 等修饰比较级： much + 比较级：……得多 —— She is much taller than me. a little + 比较级：稍微……一点 —— I'm a little quieter than Ella. even + 比较级：甚至更…… —— Today is even colder than yesterday. ⚠ 易错总结 I am a little quieter than her.   /   He is much more serious than me. She is as tall as her sister.   /   He is not as outgoing as me. I am a little more quieter than her.   /   He is much seriouser than me. She is as tall than her sister.   /   He is not as outgoing than me. 记忆口诀：as...as 中间用原级，not as...as 表不如，much/a little 修饰比较级，不能重复加 -er。 【即练1】 (   ) My younger sister is not __________ tall __________ me, but she is much better at sports. A. as; than   B. so; than   C. as; as   D. more; than 【即练2】 (   ) After practising for a month, Tom is now __________ better at playing the piano than before. A. a little   B. much   C. even   D. more 单元过关测试 一、单项选择（共10小题） (   ) 1. —Can you tell me the __________ between the two words? —One is a noun, and the other is a verb.    A. mirror   B. difference   C. personality   D. prize (   ) 2. Emma is a little __________ than Ella, so she doesn't talk as much in class.    A. quieter   B. quiet   C. more quiet   D. quietest (   ) 3. We should learn to __________ people who have different opinions from us.    A. practise   B. respect   C. compare   D. attend (   ) 4. She is not as __________ as her sister. She likes to stay at home and read alone.    A. honest   B. serious   C. outgoing   D. hard-working (   ) 5. __________ being a good singer, she is also an excellent dancer.    A. Besides   B. Except   C. Without   D. Against (   ) 6. Tom is much __________ than before. He used to be shy, but now he enjoys talking to people.    A. more serious   B. more outgoing   C. lazier   D. quieter (   ) 7. The two brothers have similar looks but completely different __________. One is quiet, and the other is active.    A. averages   B. prizes   C. personalities   D. mirrors (   ) 8. If you want to improve your English, you need to __________ speaking it every day.    A. attend   B. compare   C. respect   D. practise (   ) 9. The weather today is even __________ than yesterday. I need to put on a thicker coat.    A. cold   B. colder   C. coldest   D. more cold (   ) 10. My best friend is very __________. She always tells me the truth, even when it's hard to hear.    A. lazy   B. honest   C. similar   D. average 二、根据首字母或中文提示填空（共5小题） 11. If you c__________ the two pictures carefully, you will find several differences between them. 12. Although they are twins, their p__________ are quite different—Ella is funny and outgoing, while Emma is quiet and serious. 13. A good friend is like a m__________. They help you see yourself more clearly. 14. The more you __________ (练习), the better you will become at speaking English. 15. We should learn to __________ (尊重) people who have different ideas from us. 三、阅读理解（共11小题） A篇 Last Friday, our school held its biggest event of the year—the School Sports Day. Students from all grades took part in many different events, and the playground was much livelier than usual. Everyone was excited to see who would win, but for me, the most unforgettable part was watching my classmates compete and seeing how different they were. Li Jun is much taller and stronger than most boys in our class. He has been training for the 100-metre race for several months. When the race started, he ran faster than anyone else and won first place easily. The crowd cheered loudly, and Li Jun smiled with pride. He is not as outgoing as some other students, but on the sports field, he becomes a completely different person—confident and full of energy. Wang Hao, on the other hand, is not as fast as Li Jun. He is shorter and not as athletic. But he is much more creative and careful than Li Jun. Instead of running, Wang Hao took part in the chess competition, which was also part of the Sports Day activities. He played better than anyone else in the school and won the first prize too. "I may not be the fastest runner," he said with a smile, "but I can still be the best at what I'm good at." Liu Ying, the quietest girl in our class, surprised everyone at the long jump. She is not as tall as many other girls, but she jumped farther than anyone else. She told us later that she had been practising secretly in the early mornings for weeks. Her hard work really paid off. Liu Ying is much more hard-working than any of us imagined. I also took part in the Sports Day. I joined the high jump and won third place. I was not as good as the top jumpers, but I tried my best and improved a lot compared with last year. Seeing my classmates do well in different events made me realize something important: everyone has different strengths. Li Jun is stronger and faster, Wang Hao is more careful and smarter, and Liu Ying is more hard-working than any of us imagined. It is not about who is better. It is about finding what you are good at and giving it your all. (   ) 1. What event did Li Jun take part in?    A. The chess competition.   B. The long jump.   C. The 100-metre race.   D. The high jump. (   ) 2. How is Wang Hao different from Li Jun?    A. He is taller and faster.   B. He is more creative and careful, but not as athletic.   C. He is more outgoing and louder.   D. He is lazier and less hard-working. (   ) 3. What surprised everyone about Liu Ying?    A. She jumped farther than anyone else though she is not very tall.   B. She ran faster than Li Jun.   C. She won the chess competition.   D. She was the most outgoing girl in the class. (   ) 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the writer?    A. He won first place in the high jump.   B. He was not as good as the top jumpers but tried his best.   C. He did not take part in any event.   D. He was jealous of his classmates' achievements. (   ) 5. How many students are mentioned in the passage?    A. Three.   B. Four.   C. Five.   D. Six. (   ) 6. What does the writer want to tell us through this story?    A. Only the fastest runner can win at Sports Day.   B.It is better to be strong than to be smart.   C. Everyone has different strengths, and we should find what we are good at.   D. Sports Day is not as important as the chess competition. B篇 In the science club at our school, two students, Zhang Wei and Chen Yang, work together on a project to build a model robot. They are very different from each other, but their differences make them one of the strongest teams in the club. Zhang Wei is much more creative than Chen Yang. He is full of surprising ideas and always thinks of new ways to solve problems. When the team was designing the robot, Zhang Wei suggested adding a special arm that could pick up small objects. "This will make our robot much more useful than the others," he explained excitedly. The whole team was impressed by his imagination and creativity. However, Zhang Wei is not very good at organizing his ideas. His design sketches are often messy, and he sometimes forgets important steps in the building process. He needs someone to help him turn his big ideas into real plans. Chen Yang, on the other hand, is much more careful and patient than Zhang Wei. He doesn't come up with as many creative ideas as Zhang Wei, but he is excellent at making detailed plans and checking every single part. When Zhang Wei drew a messy sketch, Chen Yang took the time to study it carefully and turn it into a clear, step-by-step plan that everyone could follow. He checked every wire and every connection to make sure the robot would work safely and smoothly. "Without Chen Yang, my ideas would never become real," Zhang Wei always says with a grateful smile. At the city science fair, their robot won second prize. The judges said the robot was not the largest or the fastest, but it was much more creative and better designed than most others. What impressed the judges most was how well the team worked together. Zhang Wei and Chen Yang were very proud of their achievement. They learned that being different is not a weakness—it is a gift. Their friendship and teamwork became much stronger after the competition. "We are very different," Chen Yang said in an interview, "but that's exactly why we are such a great team. We respect each other's strengths and learn from each other's weaknesses." The two friends proved that differences, when respected and used wisely, can lead to something truly amazing. (   ) 7. What is Zhang Wei's main strength according to the passage?    A. He is very creative and full of new ideas.   B. He is good at following instructions.   C. He is very careful with details.   D. He is the fastest at building things. (   ) 8. What does the phrase "come up with" mean in the passage?    A. 走过来   B. 想出   C. 赶上   D. 比较 (   ) 9. What is the main theme of this passage?    A. Building robots is the most important skill in school.   B.Creative people are always more successful than careful people.   C. Differences, when respected and combined, can make a team much stronger.   D. Students should work alone rather than in teams to win competitions. (   ) 10. What is the author's opinion about differences?    A. Differences are weaknesses that should be avoided.   B.Only people with similar personalities can work well together.   C.Differences are not important as long as everyone works hard.   D.Differences are a gift that can lead to amazing results when respected. 四、完形填空（共10小题） When I entered junior high school last year, I was just an average student. I was not as ___1___ as my classmates, and I was afraid to answer questions in class. I was kind of shy, and I didn't have many friends. Everything seemed ___2___ than before, and I felt quite lonely at first. Everything changed when my teacher encouraged me to ___3___ the school basketball team. At first, I didn't want to join because I thought I was not good enough. But my teacher said, "You don't need to be the best. You just need to ___4___ harder than yesterday." Those words touched my heart deeply and gave me courage. I started to practise basketball every morning and evening, even when I was tired. Slowly but surely, I became ___5___ than before. I could run faster, jump higher, and even shoot more accurately. My ___6___ changed too. I became more confident and outgoing. Now I am not afraid of speaking in front of people anymore. I even joined the school's public speaking club and gave a speech last month! Looking back, I realize how much I have ___7___ over the past year. I am not the same shy boy anymore. I am ___8___ taller than last year, and much stronger too. But more importantly, I learned that the biggest ___9___ comes from within. Comparing myself with who I was yesterday, rather than with others, has made all the difference. My teachers and classmates have noticed my ___10___ too. They say I have become a completely different person—in a good way. I am really proud of how far I have come. (   ) 1. A. outgoing   B. lazy   C. serious   D. honest (   ) 2. A. easier   B. harder   C. funnier   D. quieter (   ) 3. A. compare   B. join   C. respect   D. practise (   ) 4. A. try   B. join   C. compare   D. attend (   ) 5. A. worse   B. better   C. lazier   D. slower (   ) 6. A. mirror   B. personality   C. difference   D. average (   ) 7. A. compared   B. joined   C. improved   D. respected (   ) 8. A. much   B. more   C. a little   D. as (   ) 9. A. mirror   B. prize   C. difference   D. personality (   ) 10. A. growth   B. prize   C. mirror   D. average 五、写作 每个人都是独特的。请以"Different but Better Together"为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍一个与你性格不同的朋友。 【写作支架】 一、思维导图 Who is the she/he? ↓ What do we have in common? ↓ What are our differences? ↓ What can I learn from him/her? ↓ Why are differences important? 二、句型库 · We both... · I am more... than... · He/She is as... as... · Although we are different,... · I learn... from him/her. · Our differences make us... 三、可用词汇 outgoing, serious, personality, difference, respect, hard-working, similar, compare, mirror, honest, besides 内容提示： 1. 介绍你和朋友在性格、爱好或习惯方面的至少两个相同点和两个不同点； 2. 说明你从对方身上学到了什么； 3. 表达你对"差异让我们更强大"的理解。 要求： 1. 使用一般现在时； 2. 至少使用本单元学过的五个词汇或短语（如 outgoing, serious, respect, personality, difference 等）； 3. 至少使用三处比较级和一处 as...as 结构； 4. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 本单元完整教材词汇表 （一）性格与品质 词汇 音标 词性 释义 shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的 lazy /ˈleɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的；懒洋洋的 outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的；友好的 hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的 serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的 honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格；个性 （二）比较与差异 词汇 音标 词性 释义 compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较；对比 similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的 difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差别；差异 alike /əˈlaɪk/ adj./adv. 相像的；相似地 average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj./n. 平均的；平常的；平均数 （三）动词 词汇 音标 词性 释义 attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加；出席 practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习；训练 respect /rɪˈspekt/ v./n. 尊重 improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进；提高 develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；成长 （四）名词（物品/其他） 词汇 音标 词性 释义 mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子 prize /praɪz/ n. 奖；奖品 twin /twɪn/ n. 双胞胎之一 hobby /ˈhɒbi/ n. 业余爱好 novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 sense of humour /ˌsens əv ˈhjuːmə(r)/ n. 幽默感 growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 生长；成长 challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n./v. 挑战 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n./v. 进步；进展 （五）介词/副词 词汇 音标 词性 释义 besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep./adv. 除……之外（还）；而且 together /təˈɡeðə(r)/ adv. 一起；共同 （六）短语 短语 释义 compare...with... 把……与……比较 as...as... 和……一样…… not as/so...as... 不如…… a little + 比较级 稍微……一点 much + 比较级 ……得多 be similar to... 与……相似 respect differences 尊重差异 make a difference 有影响；起作用 learn from each other 互相学习 come up with 想出 We are different, but we can be stronger together. 我们各不相同，但在一起可以更强大。 — 原卷版 · 完 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 · Same or Different? 预习讲练（八上·暑假衔接） 【答案解析版】 本解析版仅供教师参考及学生自主学习使用，完整词汇表见原卷版。 学习目标 1. 掌握与人物比较和性格描述相关的核心词汇，如 compare, outgoing, serious, similar, mirror, respect, personality, difference 等； 2. 正确运用形容词和副词的比较级形式进行两者比较； 3. 掌握 as...as, a little + 比较级, much + 比较级 等比较级特殊结构； 4. 能阅读与友谊和差异主题相关的短文，提取关键信息并完成相关练习； 5. 能用比较级描述朋友之间的异同，表达"尊重差异，互相学习"的主题。 单元知识地图 Section A · Pre-reading & Task Conversation 1 (1b & 1c) Peter: Chen Jie, did you hear about the school music festival? Chen Jie: Yeah, it sounds fun. Peter: Why don't you perform? You play the Chinese flute better than anyone else in our music club. Chen Jie: Well, I'm afraid of performing alone. I'm not as outgoing as you. Peter: But you work harder than me. And last week you played a really beautiful song! Chen Jie: You liked it? Maybe we could play it together! Peter: Great idea! Conversation 2 (1b & 1c continued) Mrs Brown: I loved your performance! You two did a wonderful job! Peter and Chen Jie: Thank you! Peter: Look, it's time for Ella and Emma's show! Mrs Brown: Is that Ella singing? Peter: No, that's Emma. Emma is taller than Ella. And she sings louder than Ella. Chen Jie: Look! That is Ella dancing. Her hair is longer than Emma's. Peter: They both dance well, but I think Ella dances better than her sister. Conversation 3 (2a & 2c) Han Lin: Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival! The twins: Thank you! Han Lin: You attended the festival last year and this year. How is this year different? Ella: There are more students and more activities this year. I think it is more colourful than last year. Han Lin: As twins, you look very similar. How are you different? Emma: I'm a little quieter than Ella. And she is funnier than me. Ella: Emma always gets up earlier than me. Many people say I'm lazier than Emma, but that's not true! I work as hard as her! Han Lin: That's really interesting. Besides singing, how do you spend your spare time? Ella: I love playing sports more than anything. Emma: I like reading. You see, we're different in many ways, but together, we make a great team! Han Lin: Thanks for talking with me. The twins: Our pleasure! Task 1: Information Extraction — Complete the table. Comparison Point Ella Emma Personality (性格) funnier than Emma quieter Daily habit (日常习惯) gets up later gets up earlier Working attitude (态度) works as hard as Emma as hard-working as Ella Hobby (爱好) playing sports likes reading Similarity (相同点) They look very similar. They won the prize together. Task 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative forms. 1. Emma is a little quieter (quiet) than Ella, but Ella is funnier (funny) than Emma. 2. There are more (many) students and more (many) activities this year. 3. I think this year's festival is more colourful (colourful) than last year's. 4. Ella dances better (well) than Emma, but Emma sings louder (loud) than Ella. 5. I work as hard (hard) as her. That's why we make a great team. Section A 核心词汇详解 【词汇1】compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较；对比 教材例句： How do we compare with each other? ——我们如何相互比较？（单元导语 Big Question） 核心搭配： · compare...with... 把……与……比较 —— Compare your answer with your partner's. · compare...to... 把……比作…… —— People often compare twins to mirrors. · compared with/to... 与……相比 —— Compared with last year, I'm much taller now. ⚠ 易错提醒： compare A with B（比较两者异同），compare A to B（把A比作B）。两者不可混淆。 【即练1】 ( B ) Let's __________ our answers with each other to see if we got the same result. A. attend   B. compare   C. respect   D. practise 【解析】句意：我们把答案互相__________一下，看看结果是否相同。本题考查动词词义辨析。compare...with... 意为"把……与……比较"，compare our answers with each other 表示"互相比较答案"，符合"看结果是否相同"的语境。A. attend 意为"参加；出席"，后接活动（如 attend a meeting），不能与 answers 搭配；C. respect 意为"尊重"，respect our answers 意为"尊重我们的答案"，与"看结果是否相同"逻辑不符；D. practise 意为"练习"，后接 doing sth，不能与 answers 搭配。故选 B。 【即练2】 Compared with his old house, the new one is much bigger and brighter. (用 compare 的适当形式填空) 【解析】句意：与他的旧房子相比，新房子大得多也亮得多。本题考查固定短语 Compared with...（与……相比），置于句首作状语，过去分词形式表示被动含义"被与……比较"。用 Compared 而不是 Comparing，因为主语 the new one 是被比较的对象，而不是主动去比较。故填 Compared。 【词汇2】outgoing /ˌaʊtˈɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的；友好的 教材例句： I'm not as outgoing as you. ——我不如你外向。（Section A 1b 对话） 核心搭配： · an outgoing person 一个外向的人 —— She is an outgoing person and makes friends easily. · become more outgoing 变得更外向 —— Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 反义词： shy 害羞的   近义词： friendly, sociable ⚠ 易错提醒： outgoing 的比较级是 more outgoing，不能写成 outgoinger。 【即练1】 ( B ) Diana used to be shy, but now she is becoming __________ thanks to her friend. A. more serious   B. more outgoing   C. lazier   D. quieter 【解析】句意：Diana 以前很害羞，但现在多亏了她的朋友，她正在变得更__________。本题考查形容词词义辨析和上下文逻辑。前文"used to be shy"（以前害羞）与"but now"形成转折，说明她现在不害羞了，正朝相反方向变化。B. more outgoing 意为"更外向"，是 shy 的反义词，符合"由害羞变得外向"的逻辑。A. more serious 意为"更严肃"，与"害羞"没有直接对立关系；C. lazier 意为"更懒惰"，与性格无关；D. quieter 意为"更安静"，与"shy"方向一致而非转折。故选 B。 【即练2】 ( B ) I'm not as __________ as my brother. He can talk to anyone, but I feel nervous around strangers. A. hard-working   B. outgoing   C. serious   D. honest 【解析】句意：我不如我哥哥那样__________。他能和任何人聊天，但我在陌生人面前会紧张。本题考查形容词词义辨析和 as...as 结构。not as...as 表示"不如……"。后文"He can talk to anyone"（他能和任何人聊天）说明哥哥很外向，而"我紧张"说明我不外向。B. outgoing 意为"外向的"，not as outgoing as my brother 意为"不如哥哥外向"，与上下文完全对应。A. hard-working 意为"勤奋的"，与"能否和陌生人聊天"无关；C. serious 意为"严肃的"，严肃的人也可以善于社交；D. honest 意为"诚实的"，诚实与社交能力无关。故选 B。 【词汇3】hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的 教材例句： But you work harder than me. ——但你比我更努力。（Section A 1b 对话） 核心搭配： · a hard-working student 一个勤奋的学生 · work harder than... 比……更努力 反义词： lazy 懒惰的 ⚠ 易错提醒： hard-working 的比较级是 more hard-working，不能写成 hard-workinger。hard 本身也可以作副词（work hard），但 hard-working 是形容词。 【即练1】 ( C ) Although Tom is not the smartest, he is __________ than most of his classmates and always gets good grades. A. lazier   B. more honest   C. more hard-working   D. more serious 【解析】句意：虽然 Tom 不是最聪明的，但他比大多数同学都__________，总是取得好成绩。本题考查形容词词义辨析和 although 让步逻辑。"Although Tom is not the smartest"（虽然不聪明）与"always gets good grades"（总是取得好成绩）之间需要用一个正面品质来衔接：不聪明但通过努力获得好成绩。C. more hard-working 意为"更勤奋"，勤奋是弥补不聪明的最好品质，符合逻辑。A. lazier 意为"更懒惰"，懒惰不可能取得好成绩；B. more honest 意为"更诚实"，诚实与成绩好没有直接因果关系；D. more serious 意为"更严肃"，严肃不一定带来好成绩。故选 C。 【即练2】 ( B ) Emma is as __________ as Ella. They both study very hard every day. A. outgoing   B. hard-working   C. serious   D. similar 【解析】句意：Emma 和 Ella 一样__________。她们每天都学习非常努力。本题考查 as...as 结构和形容词词义辨析。as...as 中间用原级，表示"和……一样"。后文"They both study very hard every day"（她们每天都很用功）直接提示空格应填"勤奋的"。B. hard-working 意为"勤奋的"，与后文 study very hard 形成直接呼应。A. outgoing 意为"外向的"，与学习用功无关；C. serious 意为"严肃的"，严肃的人不一定用功；D. similar 意为"相似的"，similar 后需接 to，不能直接用 as similar as 接名词。故选 B。 【词汇4】serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的 教材例句： He is as serious as me. ——他和我一样严肃。（Section B Matt 帖子） 核心搭配： · a serious person 一个严肃的人 · a serious problem 一个严重的问题 · take...seriously 认真对待…… —— You should take this matter seriously. 反义词： funny 滑稽的 ⚠ 易错提醒： serious 的比较级是 more serious，不能写成 seriouser。seriously 是副词形式，take...seriously 是固定搭配。 【即练1】 ( B ) Mr Wang is a __________ teacher. He seldom smiles in class, but his lessons are very interesting. A. funny   B. serious   C. outgoing   D. lazy 【解析】句意：王老师是一位__________的老师。他在课上很少笑，但他的课很有趣。本题考查形容词词义辨析。前文"He seldom smiles in class"（他上课很少笑）直接暗示老师很严肃。B. serious 意为"严肃的"，与"很少笑"形成直接对应。后文"but his lessons are very interesting"用 but 转折，说明虽然严肃但课有趣。A. funny 意为"滑稽的"，与"很少笑"矛盾；C. outgoing 意为"外向的"，外向的人通常不"很少笑"；D. lazy 意为"懒惰的"，与"很少笑"无直接关联。故选 B。 【即练2】 ( A ) Stephen is as __________ as Matt. They both don't like telling jokes. A. serious   B. outgoing   C. hard-working   D. honest 【解析】句意：Stephen 和 Matt 一样__________。他们都不喜欢讲笑话。本题考查 as...as 结构和形容词词义辨析。后文"They both don't like telling jokes"（他们都不喜欢讲笑话）是对空格的解释：不喜欢讲笑话说明性格严肃。A. serious 意为"严肃的"，严肃的人通常不爱讲笑话，符合逻辑。B. outgoing 意为"外向的"，外向的人通常喜欢讲笑话，与后文矛盾；C. hard-working 意为"勤奋的"，与"讲笑话"无关；D. honest 意为"诚实的"，诚实的人也可以喜欢讲笑话。故选 A。 【词汇5】attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加；出席 教材例句： You attended the festival last year and this year. ——你去年和今年都参加了这个音乐节。（Section A 2a 对话） 核心搭配： · attend a meeting/festival/class 参加会议/音乐节/课程 · attend school 上学 —— Children must attend school until they are 16. 辨析 attend vs join： attend 侧重"出席"正式活动，join 侧重"加入"某个组织或群体。 ⚠ 易错提醒： attend a meeting（参加会议），join a club（加入社团）。两者搭配不同：attend 后接活动，join 后接组织。 【即练1】 ( B ) Will you __________ the school sports meeting next Friday? I heard it will be very exciting. A. respect   B. attend   C. compare   D. practise 【解析】句意：你下周五会__________学校运动会吗？听说会很精彩。本题考查动词词义辨析。attend a sports meeting 意为"参加运动会"，attend 后接活动名词，是固定搭配。A. respect 意为"尊重"，respect the sports meeting 不合逻辑（运动会不是被尊重的对象）；C. compare 意为"比较"，compare the sports meeting 意为"比较运动会"，与"听说很精彩"的语境不符；D. practise 意为"练习"，practise the sports meeting 搭配不当（练习的是运动，不是运动会）。故选 B。 【即练2】 Last year, more than 2,000 students attended the music festival, which was a great success. (用 attend 的适当形式填空) 【解析】句意：去年，超过2000名学生参加了音乐节，取得了巨大成功。本题考查动词时态。主语是 Last year（去年），谓语需用过去式。attend 的过去式为 attended，表示"参加了"音乐节。故填 attended。 【词汇6】similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ adj. 相似的 教材例句： As twins, you look very similar. ——作为双胞胎，你们看起来很相似。（Section A 2a 对话） 核心搭配： · be similar to... 与……相似 —— His views are similar to mine. · look similar 看起来很相似 —— The two buildings look very similar. · in a similar way 以类似的方式 —— They solved the problem in a similar way. 反义词： different 不同的 ⚠ 易错提醒： similar 后接介词 to，不是 with。be similar to sb/sth（与……相似），不用 be similar with。 【即练1】 ( A ) My new schoolbag is very __________ to yours. We both bought them from the same shop. A. similar   B. outgoing   C. hard-working   D. serious 【解析】句意：我的新书包和你的很__________。我们都是从同一家店买的。本题考查形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。后文"from the same shop"（同一家店）暗示两个书包很像。be similar to 是固定搭配，意为"与……相似"。B. outgoing 意为"外向的"，不能用来描述书包；C. hard-working 意为"勤奋的"，不能描述书包；D. serious 意为"严肃的"，不能描述书包。故选 A。 【即练2】 ( B ) Although they are twins, their personalities are quite __________ from each other. A. similar   B. different   C. honest   D. outgoing 【解析】句意：虽然他们是双胞胎，但他们的性格彼此__________。本题考查 although 让步逻辑和固定搭配。Although 表示"虽然……但是……"，前半句说"是双胞胎"（通常很相似），后半句应与"相似"形成转折。different from 是固定搭配，意为"与……不同"，quite different from each other 表示"彼此很不同"，与前半句构成合理转折。A. similar 与 although 的让步逻辑矛盾（虽然双胞胎但很相似——不是转折）；C. honest 和 D. outgoing 均不与 from 构成固定搭配。故选 B。 【词汇7】difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差别；差异 教材例句： We should respect the differences in others. ——我们应当尊重他人的差异。（Section B 2b 词汇填空） 核心搭配： · the difference between...and... ……和……之间的差异 —— What's the difference between the two words? · make a difference 有影响；起作用 —— Your help really made a difference. · respect differences 尊重差异 —— We should learn to respect differences. 词性转换： different adj. 不同的 → difference n. 差异 ⚠ 易错提醒： difference 是名词，different 是形容词。不能说 "There are many different between us." 应该用 differences。 【即练1】 ( C ) Although they are good friends, there are many __________ between them. A. mirrors   B. hobbies   C. differences   D. personalities 【解析】句意：虽然他们是好朋友，但他们之间有很多__________。本题考查名词词义辨析和 although 让步逻辑。Although 表示"虽然……但是……"，"好朋友"与"之间存在很多差异"形成合理让步。there are many differences between them 意为"他们之间有很多差异"。A. mirrors 意为"镜子"，与 between them 搭配不合逻辑；B. hobbies 意为"爱好"，hobbies between them 搭配不当（爱好是个人的，不是两人之间的）；D. personalities 意为"性格"，虽然语法通顺，但与 although 的让步逻辑关联较弱（好朋友通常性格差异不大）。故选 C。 【即练2】 Even a small act of kindness can make a big difference to someone's life. (用 difference 的适当形式填空) 【解析】句意：即使是小小的善举也能对某人的生活产生巨大的__________。本题考查固定短语 make a difference（有影响；起作用）。make a big difference to... 意为"对……产生重大影响"，是固定搭配。用名词单数形式 difference。故填 difference。 Section B · Pre-reading & Task Forum Posts: Should friends be similar or different? Tom: Some people think that friends should be alike, but some other people think that friends should be different. What do you think? Should friends be similar or different? Matt: I think a good friend is like a mirror. You can understand people by knowing their friends. My friend, Stephen, is a great example. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. For example, we both love sports. He plays badminton better than I do, so he always wins our matches. Because of that, I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. Stephen and I are similar in other ways. He is as serious as me. When we aren't playing sports, we enjoy reading together. I read more history books than he does, and he reads a lot of novels. We often share interesting books with each other. Diana: I don't agree. For me, friends who are different make me better. I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. For example, I am kind of shy, but my best friend, Yuan Lei, is outgoing. She has a great sense of humour too. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. Now I think meeting new people is really fun! I have another friend, Zhang Yong. He is not afraid to give his opinion, especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. I am less straightforward than he is, but I am glad to have an honest friend. Task 3: True or False ( T ) 1. Matt believes friends should be similar to each other. ( F ) 2. Stephen plays badminton worse than Matt, so Matt always wins. ( T ) 3. Diana thinks friends who are different can help her become better. ( F ) 4. Yuan Lei is shy and doesn't like meeting new people. ( F ) 5. Zhang Yong is afraid to give his opinions to Diana. Task 4: Read and answer the questions. 1. Why does Matt think a good friend is like a mirror? Because you can understand people by knowing their friends. / Because a friend reflects who you are. 2. How does Diana benefit from having a different friend? She is becoming more outgoing and learns from different personalities. 3. What do Matt and Stephen enjoy doing together? They enjoy playing sports and reading together. 4. What can we learn from both Matt's and Diana's opinions? Both similarities and differences are valuable in friendship. We should respect differences and learn from each other. Section B 核心词汇详解 【词汇8】mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子 教材例句： I think a good friend is like a mirror. ——我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。（Section B Matt 帖子） 核心搭配： · look in the mirror 照镜子 —— She looked in the mirror before going out. · be like a mirror 像一面镜子 —— A true friend is like a mirror. · mirror image 镜像 —— The twins are almost mirror images of each other. ⚠ 易错提醒： mirror 作动词意为"反映；反射"，但教材中主要学习名词义"镜子"。 【即练1】 ( A ) Before the interview, she stood in front of the __________ and checked her clothes carefully. A. mirror   B. window   C. prize   D. novel 【解析】句意：面试前，她站在__________前仔细检查自己的衣服。本题考查名词词义辨析。stood in front of the mirror 意为"站在镜子前"，"检查衣服"需要照镜子，符合生活常识。B. window 意为"窗户"，虽然也可以看到自己，但"检查衣服"通常用镜子而非窗户；C. prize 意为"奖品"，不能站在奖品前检查衣服；D. novel 意为"小说"，与检查衣服无关。故选 A。 【即练2】 ( B ) A best friend is like a __________. They help you see who you really are. A. hobby   B. mirror   C. difference   D. personality 【解析】句意：最好的朋友就像一面__________。他们帮你看清真实的自己。本题考查名词词义辨析和比喻理解。后文"They help you see who you really are"（帮你看清真实的自己）是对空格的解释：能帮人看清自己的东西就是镜子。教材 Matt 帖子中也有相同比喻："a good friend is like a mirror"。A. hobby 意为"爱好"，爱好不能帮你"看清自己"；C. difference 意为"差异"，差异不能"帮你看清自己"；D. personality 意为"性格"，性格不能像镜子一样反射。故选 B。 【词汇9】practise /ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习；训练 教材例句： I try harder when I practise, and now I'm getting better at badminton. ——我练习时更加努力，现在我羽毛球打得越来越好了。（Section B Matt 帖子） 核心搭配： · practise doing sth 练习做某事 —— She practises playing the piano every day. · practise...hard 努力练习…… —— He practises basketball hard after school. · practice (n.) 练习 —— Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 ⚠ 易错提醒： practise 后接动名词（doing），不能接不定式（to do）。英式拼法为 practise（v.）/ practice（n.），美式拼法统一为 practice。 【即练1】 ( A ) He __________ playing the guitar for two hours every evening to prepare for the music festival. A. practises   B. attends   C. compares   D. respects 【解析】句意：他每天晚上__________弹吉他两个小时，为音乐节做准备。本题考查动词词义辨析和固定搭配。practise doing sth 意为"练习做某事"，后接动名词。practises playing the guitar 表示"练习弹吉他"。主语 He 是第三人称单数，用 practises。B. attends 意为"参加"，attend playing the guitar 搭配不当；C. compares 意为"比较"，compare playing 搭配不当；D. respects 意为"尊重"，respect playing 搭配不当。故选 A。 【即练2】 My brother is getting better at swimming because he practises harder than before. (用 practise 的适当形式填空) 【解析】句意：我哥哥游泳越来越好了，因为他比以前练习得更努力了。本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语 My brother 是第三人称单数，谓语需用第三人称单数形式。practise 的第三人称单数为 practises。故填 practises。 【词汇10】respect /rɪˈspekt/ v./n. 尊重 教材例句： I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. ——我认为我们应当尊重彼此的差异，互相学习。（Section B Diana 帖子） 核心搭配： · respect sb/sth 尊重某人/某物 —— We should respect our parents. · show respect for... 对……表示尊重 —— You should show respect for different opinions. · respect differences 尊重差异 —— It's important to respect differences. ⚠ 易错提醒： respect 作动词直接接宾语（respect sb），作名词常用 show respect for sb。 【即练1】 ( D ) We should learn to __________ people who have different opinions from us. A. practise   B. attend   C. compare   D. respect 【解析】句意：我们应该学会__________那些和我们有不同意见的人。本题考查动词词义辨析和情感态度。respect people who have different opinions 意为"尊重有不同意见的人"，这正好呼应教材 Diana 帖子的观点"respect each other's differences"。A. practise 意为"练习"，practise people 搭配不当；B. attend 意为"参加"，attend people 搭配不当；C. compare 意为"比较"，compare people 虽然通顺但与"不同意见"的情感态度不匹配——应该是尊重而非比较。故选 D。 【即练2】 ( B ) In a team, it is important to show __________ for each member's ideas, even if you don't agree. A. mirror   B. respect   C. hobby   D. prize 【解析】句意：在团队中，对每个成员的想法表示__________很重要，即使你不同意。本题考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。show respect for... 是固定搭配，意为"对……表示尊重"。即使不同意也要尊重，符合团队合作的价值导向。A. mirror 意为"镜子"，show mirror for 不是固定搭配；C. hobby 意为"爱好"，show hobby for 搭配不当；D. prize 意为"奖品"，show prize for 搭配不当。故选 B。 【词汇11】honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 坦诚的；诚实的 教材例句： I am glad to have an honest friend. ——我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。（Section B Diana 帖子） 核心搭配： · an honest person/friend 一个诚实的人/朋友 · to be honest 说实话 —— To be honest, I don't like the movie. · honest opinion 坦诚的意见 —— Thank you for your honest opinion. 反义词： dishonest 不诚实的 ⚠ 易错提醒： honest 首字母 h 不发音，前面用 an（an honest boy），不是 a honest boy。 【即练1】 ( B ) __________, I didn't like the food at the party. It was too spicy for me. A. Being honest   B. To be honest   C. Being serious   D. To be serious 【解析】句意：__________，我不喜欢聚会上的食物。对我来说太辣了。本题考查固定短语。To be honest 意为"说实话；老实说"，用于表达真实但不一定受欢迎的想法，符合"承认不喜欢食物"的语境。A. Being honest 意为"诚实"，是动名词短语，不能独立作状语表达"说实话"；C. Being serious 和 D. To be serious 均无"说实话"的含义。故选 B。 【即练2】 ( C ) A good friend is not just someone who says nice things. Sometimes you need an __________ opinion. A. outgoing   B. similar   C. honest   D. lazy 【解析】句意：好朋友不只是说好话的人。有时你需要一个__________的意见。本题考查形容词词义辨析和上下文逻辑。前文"not just someone who says nice things"（不只是说好话的人）暗示需要的是与"说好话"相反的东西——即"真实但可能不好听"的意见。an honest opinion 意为"坦诚的意见"，注意用 an 因为 honest 中 h 不发音。A. outgoing 意为"外向的"，与意见是否坦诚无关；B. similar 意为"相似的"，similar opinion 与"不是只说好话"不构成逻辑关联；D. lazy 意为"懒惰的"，不能用来形容 opinion。故选 C。 【词汇12】besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep./adv. 除……之外（还）；而且 教材例句： Besides singing, how do you spend your spare time? ——除了唱歌，你如何度过业余时间？（Section A 2a 对话） 核心搭配： · besides + 名词/doing 除……之外还 —— Besides English, she also speaks French. · besides (adv.) 而且 —— I don't want to go out. Besides, it's raining. 辨析 besides vs except： besides 表"除……之外还有（包含）"，except 表"除……之外（排除）"。 ⚠ 易错提醒： besides 和 except 含义相反。besides five books（除了五本书还有其他），except five books（除了这五本书没有其他的了）。 【即练1】 ( A ) __________ doing housework, what else do you do to help your family on weekends? A. Besides   B. Except   C. Without   D. Against 【解析】句意：__________做家务，你周末还做什么来帮助家人？本题考查介词词义辨析。后文"what else"（还有什么）暗示做家务是其中一件事，此外还有其他事，是"包含在内"的附加关系。A. Besides 意为"除……之外还（包含）"，符合"除了做家务之外还做其他"的语义。B. Except 意为"除……之外（排除）"，指排除在外，与 what else 矛盾；C. Without 意为"没有"，不合逻辑；D. Against 意为"反对"，不合语境。故选 A。 【即练2】 ( A ) I don't have time to watch the movie. __________, I've already read the book, so I know the story. A. Besides   B. However   C. Instead   D. Although 【解析】句意：我没有时间看电影。__________，我已经读过这本书了，所以知道剧情。本题考查副词词义辨析。这里需要用一个副词来补充另一个不去看电影的理由。"没有时间"是第一理由，"已经读过书"是第二理由，两者是递进关系。A. Besides 作副词意为"而且；此外"，用于补充另一个理由，符合逻辑。B. However 意为"然而"，表转折，两个理由之间不是转折关系；C. Instead 意为"相反"，不符合语境；D. Although 是连词，需接从句，不能独立作副词。故选 A。 【词汇13】personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格；个性 教材例句： The prince, Edward, and the poor boy, Tom... both had kind personalities. ——王子爱德华和穷孩子汤姆……两人都有善良的性格。（Section B 2c 完形填空） 核心搭配： · a strong/kind personality 坚强的/善良的性格 · personality test 性格测试 · have different personalities 有不同的性格 —— They are twins but have very different personalities. ⚠ 易错提醒： personality 是可数名词，复数形式为 personalities。不要与 personal（个人的）混淆。 【即练1】 ( B ) What kind of __________ do you think a great leader should have? A. mirror   B. personality   C. average   D. difference 【解析】句意：你认为一个伟大的领导者应该具有什么样的__________？本题考查名词词义辨析。问一位领导者应该有什么样的"性格"，personality 意为"性格；个性"，符合语境。A. mirror 意为"镜子"，领导者需要镜子不合逻辑；C. average 意为"平均数"，不能回答"什么样的"这个问题；D. difference 意为"差异"，difference 通常不用于描述一个人的内在品质。故选 B。 【即练2】 ( C ) My sister and I have similar hobbies but different __________. She is quiet, while I am more outgoing. A. prizes   B. mirrors   C. personalities   D. averages 【解析】句意：我和姐姐有相似的爱好，但__________不同。她很安静，而我更外向。本题考查名词词义辨析。后文"She is quiet, while I am more outgoing"（她很安静而我更外向）是在描述两个人的性格差异。C. personalities 意为"性格"，different personalities 表示"不同的性格"，与后文具体描述完全对应。A. prizes 意为"奖品"，与"安静"和"外向"无关；B. mirrors 意为"镜子"，与性格描述无关；D. averages 意为"平均数"，不能与 different 搭配表示"不同的平均数"。故选 C。 【词汇14】average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj./n. 平均的；平常的；平均数 教材例句： The average height of the students in the class is around 1.6 metres. ——班上学生的平均身高大约是1.6米。（Section B 2b 词汇填空） 核心搭配： · the average of... ……的平均值 —— The average of 4, 6, and 8 is 6. · above/below average 高于/低于平均水平 —— His grades are above average. · on average 平均而言 —— On average, I read two books a month. ⚠ 易错提醒： average 作名词时常用单数（the average），前面用 an 修饰（an average of three hours）。above average 前面不加冠词。 【即练1】 ( A ) __________, the students in our class spend about two hours on homework every day. A. On average   B. At first   C. In fact   D. For example 【解析】句意：__________，我们班的学生每天花大约两小时做作业。本题考查固定短语。On average 意为"平均而言"，用于引出统计数据或一般情况，与"about two hours"（大约两小时）的平均值语义一致。B. At first 意为"起初"，强调时间先后；C. In fact 意为"事实上"，强调真相与表象的对比；D. For example 意为"例如"，用于举例说明。这里不是在举例或对比，而是在陈述一个平均值，故选 A。 【即练2】 ( C ) His test scores are far above the __________. He is one of the top students in the grade. A. mirror   B. personality   C. average   D. difference 【解析】句意：他的考试成绩远超__________。他是年级里的尖子生之一。本题考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。above the average 是固定短语，意为"高于平均水平"。后文"one of the top students"（尖子生之一）也暗示他的成绩远超平均水平。A. mirror 意为"镜子"，above the mirror 不合逻辑；B. personality 意为"性格"，above the personality 搭配不当；D. difference 意为"差异"，above the difference 不是固定搭配且不合语境。故选 C。 语法突破 【语法1】Comparative Forms 比较级 构成方法 原级 比较级 一般情况下加 -er tall, short, fast taller, shorter, faster 以字母 e 结尾加 -r large, late larger, later 重读闭音节双写末尾字母加 -er big, fat, thin bigger, fatter, thinner 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -er easy, heavy, early easier, heavier, earlier 多音节词和部分双音节词前加 more beautiful, quickly more beautiful, more quickly 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 good / well better bad / badly worse many / much more little less far farther / further 3. 比较级常用句型 · A + be + 比较级 + than + B —— Emma is taller than Ella. · A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B —— Ella dances better than Emma. · more + 多音节词 + than —— This festival is more colourful than last year's. ⚠ 易错总结 ✅ She is taller than me.   /   This book is more interesting than that one. ❌ She is more taller than me.   /   This book is interestinger than that one. ❌ She is as tall than me.   /   He is much tall than me. 记忆口诀：短词加 -er，长词加 more，不规则要牢记。不要既加 more 又加 -er。 【即练1】 ( B ) My brother is much __________ than me. He can reach the top shelf easily. A. tall   B. taller   C. tallest   D. more tall 【解析】句意：我哥哥比我__________得多。他能轻松够到最上面的架子。本题考查比较级。much 修饰比较级表示"……得多"。tall 是单音节词，比较级直接加 -er 变成 taller。A. tall 是原级，不能用 much 修饰；C. tallest 是最高级，需用 the 且不能与 than 连用；D. more tall 是错误形式，单音节词不用 more 构成比较级。故选 B。 【即练2】 ( C ) This movie is __________ than the one we watched last week. I almost fell asleep. A. interesting   B. more interesting   C. less interesting   D. most interesting 【解析】句意：这部电影比我们上周看的那部__________。我差点睡着了。本题考查比较级。后文"I almost fell asleep"（我差点睡着了）说明这部电影很无聊，不如上周的有趣。C. less interesting 意为"不如……有趣"，表示程度更低，符合"差点睡着"的语境。A. interesting 是原级，不能与 than 搭配；B. more interesting 意为"更有趣"，与"差点睡着"矛盾；D. most interesting 是最高级，不能与 than 连用。故选 C。 【即练3】 ( B ) She sings __________ than anyone else in our class. Everyone loves her voice. A. well   B. better   C. best   D. good 【解析】句意：她比我们班上任何人都唱得__________。大家都喜欢她的嗓音。本题考查副词比较级。sing 是动词，需用副词修饰。well 的比较级是 better（不规则变化），better than anyone else 意为"比任何人都好"，符合"大家都喜欢"的语境。A. well 是原级，不能与 than 搭配；C. best 是最高级，不能与 than 连用；D. good 是形容词，不能修饰动词 sing。故选 B。 【语法2】as...as 结构 & 比较级修饰语 1. as...as 结构：表示两者程度相同 结构： as + 形容词/副词原级 + as · I work as hard as her.（我和她一样努力。） · She is as tall as her mother.（她和她妈妈一样高。） 否定形式： not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as · I'm not as outgoing as you.（我不如你外向。） · This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本有趣。） 2. 比较级修饰语 可以用 much, a little, a lot, even, far 等修饰比较级： · much + 比较级：……得多 —— She is much taller than me. · a little + 比较级：稍微……一点 —— I'm a little quieter than Ella. · even + 比较级：甚至更…… —— Today is even colder than yesterday. ⚠ 易错总结 ✅ I am a little quieter than her.   /   He is much more serious than me. ✅ She is as tall as her sister.   /   He is not as outgoing as me. ❌ I am a little more quieter than her.   /   He is much seriouser than me. ❌ She is as tall than her sister.   /   He is not as outgoing than me. 记忆口诀：as...as 中间用原级，not as...as 表不如，much/a little 修饰比较级，不能重复加 -er。 【即练1】 ( C ) My younger sister is not __________ tall __________ me, but she is much better at sports. A. as; than   B. so; than   C. as; as   D. more; than 【解析】句意：我妹妹不如我__________，但她在体育方面要好得多。本题考查 not as...as 结构。not as + 形容词原级 + as 表示"不如……"，中间必须用原级。not as tall as me 意为"不如我高"。A 和 B 的第二空用 than，不符合 as...as 结构；D 中 more 是比较级，不能用在 as...as 中间。故选 C。 【即练2】 ( B ) After practising for a month, Tom is now __________ better at playing the piano than before. A. a little   B. much   C. even   D. more 【解析】句意：经过一个月的练习，Tom 现在弹钢琴比以前__________好了。本题考查比较级修饰语。much better 意为"好得多"，much 修饰比较级表示程度大，与"练习了一个月"的努力程度相匹配。A. a little better 意为"好一点点"，程度太小，不足以体现一个月的练习效果；C. even better 意为"甚至更好"，通常用于与已经很好的情况对比；D. more better 是错误表达，不能用 more 修饰比较级。故选 B。 单元过关测试 一、单项选择（共10小题） ( B ) 1. —Can you tell me the __________ between the two words? —One is a noun, and the other is a verb.    A. mirror   B. difference   C. personality   D. prize 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我这两个词之间的__________吗？——一个是名词，另一个是动词。本题考查名词词义辨析。答语"One is a noun, and the other is a verb"（一个是名词，另一个是动词）是在解释两个词的区别。the difference between...and... 意为"……和……之间的差异"，是固定搭配。A. mirror 意为"镜子"，mirror between two words 搭配不当；C. personality 意为"性格"，单词之间不存在性格差异；D. prize 意为"奖品"，奖品不存在于两个单词之间。故选 B。 ( A ) 2. Emma is a little __________ than Ella, so she doesn't talk as much in class.    A. quieter   B. quiet   C. more quiet   D. quietest 【解析】句意：Emma 比 Ella 稍微__________一点，所以她在课上说话不多。本题考查比较级。a little + 比较级表示"稍微……一点"。quiet 是单音节词，比较级直接加 -er → quieter。后文"doesn't talk as much"（说话不多）也暗示 Emma 更安静。B. quiet 是原级，不能用在 than 前；C. more quiet 虽然可接受但 quieter 更规范（单音节词加 -er）；D. quietest 是最高级，不能与 than 连用。故选 A。 ( B ) 3. We should learn to __________ people who have different opinions from us.    A. practise   B. respect   C. compare   D. attend 【解析】句意：我们应该学会__________那些和我们有不同意见的人。本题考查动词词义辨析和情感态度。respect people who have different opinions 意为"尊重有不同意见的人"，符合教材 Diana 帖子"respect each other's differences"的核心价值观。A. practise 意为"练习"，practise people 搭配不当；C. compare 意为"比较"，compare people 虽然通顺但与"不同意见"的语境不匹配——此处强调的是包容态度而非比较行为；D. attend 意为"参加"，attend people 搭配不当。故选 B。 ( C ) 4. She is not as __________ as her sister. She likes to stay at home and read alone.    A. honest   B. serious   C. outgoing   D. hard-working 【解析】句意：她不如她姐姐那样__________。她喜欢待在家里独自读书。本题考查形容词词义辨析和 as...as 结构。not as...as 表示"不如……"。后文"She likes to stay at home and read alone"（她喜欢待在家里独自读书）暗示她性格内向、不爱社交。C. outgoing 意为"外向的"，not as outgoing as her sister 意为"不如姐姐外向"，与"独自待在家"形成合理的因果关系：因为不外向，所以喜欢独处。A. honest 意为"诚实的"，与"是否喜欢社交"无关；B. serious 意为"严肃的"，严肃的人也可以社交活跃；D. hard-working 意为"勤奋的"，与"待在家读书"不构成必然的逻辑关联。故选 C。 ( A ) 5. __________ being a good singer, she is also an excellent dancer.    A. Besides   B. Except   C. Without   D. Against 【解析】句意：__________是一名好歌手，她还是一位出色的舞者。本题考查介词词义辨析。后文"also"（也）暗示两者都具备，是包含关系。A. Besides 意为"除……之外还（包含）"，符合语境。B. Except 意为"除……之外（排除）"，如果选 except，意思是"除了是好歌手之外不是好舞者"，与 also 矛盾；C. Without 意为"没有"；D. Against 意为"反对"，均不合语境。故选 A。 ( B ) 6. Tom is much __________ than before. He used to be shy, but now he enjoys talking to people.    A. more serious   B. more outgoing   C. lazier   D. quieter 【解析】句意：Tom 比以前__________多了。他过去很害羞，但现在喜欢和人聊天。本题考查比较级和上下文逻辑。前文"He used to be shy"（过去害羞）与后文"now he enjoys talking to people"（现在喜欢和人聊天）形成强烈对比，说明他变外向了。B. more outgoing 意为"更外向"，与"害羞→喜欢聊天"的转变完全对应。A. more serious 意为"更严肃"，严肃与"喜欢聊天"不矛盾；C. lazier 意为"更懒惰"，与性格无关；D. quieter 意为"更安静"，与"喜欢聊天"相反。故选 B。 ( C ) 7. The two brothers have similar looks but completely different __________. One is quiet, and the other is active.    A. averages   B. prizes   C. personalities   D. mirrors 【解析】句意：两兄弟外貌相似，但__________完全不同。一个安静，另一个活跃。本题考查名词词义辨析。后文"One is quiet, and the other is active"（一个安静一个活跃）是在具体描述两个人的性格特征。C. personalities 意为"性格；个性"，different personalities 表示"不同的性格"，与后文描述完全对应。A. averages 意为"平均数"，不能说"不同的平均数"；B. prizes 意为"奖品"，与性格描述无关；D. mirrors 意为"镜子"，与"安静/活跃"无关。故选 C。 ( D ) 8. If you want to improve your English, you need to __________ speaking it every day.    A. attend   B. compare   C. respect   D. practise 【解析】句意：如果你想提高英语水平，你需要每天__________说英语。本题考查动词词义辨析和固定搭配。practise doing sth 意为"练习做某事"，后接动名词。practise speaking English 表示"练习说英语"，是提高英语的合理方法。A. attend 意为"参加"，attend speaking English 搭配不当；B. compare 意为"比较"，compare speaking English 搭配不当；C. respect 意为"尊重"，respect speaking English 搭配不当。故选 D。 ( B ) 9. The weather today is even __________ than yesterday. I need to put on a thicker coat.    A. cold   B. colder   C. coldest   D. more cold 【解析】句意：今天的天气比昨天还要__________。我需要穿更厚的外套。本题考查比较级。even + 比较级表示"甚至更……"。cold 是单音节词，比较级直接加 -er → colder。后文"put on a thicker coat"（穿更厚的外套）也暗示天气更冷了。A. cold 是原级，不能与 than 连用；C. coldest 是最高级，不能与 than 连用；D. more cold 是错误形式，单音节词不用 more 构成比较级。故选 B。 ( B ) 10. My best friend is very __________. She always tells me the truth, even when it's hard to hear.    A. lazy   B. honest   C. similar   D. average 【解析】句意：我最好的朋友非常__________。她总是对我说实话，即使很难听。本题考查形容词词义辨析。后文"She always tells me the truth"（她总是对我说实话）直接说明朋友很诚实。B. honest 意为"诚实的"，与"总是说实话"完全对应。A. lazy 意为"懒惰的"，与"说实话"无关；C. similar 意为"相似的"，不能用来描述一个人的品质；D. average 意为"平均的；普通的"，与"说实话"没有关联。故选 B。 二、根据首字母或中文提示填空（共5小题） 11. If you compare the two pictures carefully, you will find several differences between them. 【解析】句意：如果你仔细__________这两张图片，你会发现它们之间有几处差异。本题考查动词词义和条件状语从句。compare the two pictures 意为"比较两张图片"，首字母 c 提示，后文"find several differences"（发现几处差异）也暗示是比较之后的结果。故填 compare。 12. Although they are twins, their personalities are quite different—Ella is funny and outgoing, while Emma is quiet and serious. 【解析】句意：虽然她们是双胞胎，但她们的__________完全不同——Ella 风趣外向，而 Emma 安静严肃。本题考查名词词义和 although 让步逻辑。首字母 p 提示。破折号后"Ella is funny and outgoing, while Emma is quiet and serious"具体描述了两人的性格差异，因此填 personality 的复数形式 personalities，表示"性格"。故填 personalities。 13. A good friend is like a mirror. They help you see yourself more clearly. 【解析】句意：好朋友就像一面__________。他们帮你看清自己。本题考查名词词义和比喻理解。首字母 m 提示。后文"help you see yourself more clearly"（帮你看清自己）是对"镜子"功能的描述，教材 Matt 帖子中也有相同比喻。故填 mirror。 14. The more you practise (练习), the better you will become at speaking English. 【解析】句意：你__________得越多，你的英语口语就会变得越好。本题考查动词词义和"the more...the better..."句型。中文提示"练习"，对应的英文是 practise。"the more you practise, the better..."表示"练习得越多，……就越好"。故填 practise。 15. We should learn to respect (尊重) people who have different ideas from us. 【解析】句意：我们应该学会__________那些和我们想法不同的人。本题考查动词词义。中文提示"尊重"，对应英文 respect。learn to do sth 意为"学会做某事"，to 后接动词原形。故填 respect。 三、阅读理解（共11小题） A篇 Last Friday, our school held its biggest event of the year—the School Sports Day. Students from all grades took part in many different events, and the playground was much livelier than usual. Everyone was excited to see who would win, but for me, the most unforgettable part was watching my classmates compete and seeing how different they were. Li Jun is much taller and stronger than most boys in our class. He has been training for the 100-metre race for several months. When the race started, he ran faster than anyone else and won first place easily. The crowd cheered loudly, and Li Jun smiled with pride. He is not as outgoing as some other students, but on the sports field, he becomes a completely different person—confident and full of energy. Wang Hao, on the other hand, is not as fast as Li Jun. He is shorter and not as athletic. But he is much more creative and careful than Li Jun. Instead of running, Wang Hao took part in the chess competition, which was also part of the Sports Day activities. He played better than anyone else in the school and won the first prize too. "I may not be the fastest runner," he said with a smile, "but I can still be the best at what I'm good at." Liu Ying, the quietest girl in our class, surprised everyone at the long jump. She is not as tall as many other girls, but she jumped farther than anyone else. She told us later that she had been practising secretly in the early mornings for weeks. Her hard work really paid off. Liu Ying is much more hard-working than any of us imagined. I also took part in the Sports Day. I joined the high jump and won third place. I was not as good as the top jumpers, but I tried my best and improved a lot compared with last year. Seeing my classmates do well in different events made me realize something important: everyone has different strengths. Li Jun is stronger and faster, Wang Hao is more careful and smarter, and Liu Ying is more hard-working than any of us imagined. It is not about who is better. It is about finding what you are good at and giving it your all. ( C ) 1. What event did Li Jun take part in?    A. The chess competition.   B. The long jump.   C. The 100-metre race.   D. The high jump. 【解析】题干问：Li Jun 参加了什么项目？本题考查细节定位。根据原文第二段："He has been training for the 100-metre race for several months. When the race started, he ran faster than anyone else and won first place easily."（他几个月来一直在为100米赛跑训练。比赛开始时，他比任何人都跑得快，轻松获得第一名。）关键词：100-metre race。A 错误，象棋比赛是 Wang Hao 参加的项目（原文第三段）；B 错误，跳远是 Liu Ying 参加的项目（原文第四段）；D 错误，跳高是作者参加的项目（原文最后一段）。故选 C。 ( B ) 2. How is Wang Hao different from Li Jun?    A. He is taller and faster.   B. He is more creative and careful, but not as athletic.   C. He is more outgoing and louder.   D. He is lazier and less hard-working. 【解析】题干问：Wang Hao 与 Li Jun 有何不同？本题考查细节比较和原文定位。根据原文第三段："Wang Hao, on the other hand, is not as fast as Li Jun. He is shorter and not as athletic. But he is much more creative and careful than Li Jun."（另一方面，Wang Hao 不如 Li Jun 快。他更矮，运动能力也不如。但他比 Li Jun 更有创造力，也更细心。）B 选项完整概括了这两方面信息。A 错误，与原文相反（Wang Hao 更矮更慢）；C 错误，原文未提 Wang Hao 更外向或更大声；D 错误，原文未提 Wang Hao 懒惰，他赢得了象棋比赛说明他很努力。故选 B。 ( A ) 3. What surprised everyone about Liu Ying?    A. She jumped farther than anyone else though she is not very tall.   B. She ran faster than Li Jun.   C. She won the chess competition.   D. She was the most outgoing girl in the class. 【解析】题干问：关于 Liu Ying，什么让所有人感到惊讶？本题考查细节理解和原文定位。根据原文第四段："Liu Ying, the quietest girl in our class, surprised everyone at the long jump. She is not as tall as many other girls, but she jumped farther than anyone else."（Liu Ying，班上最安静的女孩，在跳远项目上让所有人惊讶。她不如很多女孩高，但她跳得比任何人都远。）A 选项完整概括了这两层信息：个子不高但跳得最远。B 错误，Liu Ying 参加的是跳远不是赛跑；C 错误，赢得象棋比赛的是 Wang Hao；D 错误，原文明确说她是"the quietest girl"（最安静的女孩）。故选 A。 ( B ) 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the writer?    A. He won first place in the high jump.   B. He was not as good as the top jumpers but tried his best.   C. He did not take part in any event.   D. He was jealous of his classmates' achievements. 【解析】题干问：关于作者，下列哪一项是正确的？本题考查细节理解和正误判断。根据原文最后一段："I joined the high jump and won third place. I was not as good as the top jumpers, but I tried my best and improved a lot compared with last year."（我参加了跳高，得了第三名。我不如顶尖选手那么好，但我尽了全力，与去年相比进步了很多。）B 选项与原文完全一致。A 错误，作者得了第三名而非第一名；C 错误，作者参加了跳高比赛；D 错误，原文表达了"为同学们感到骄傲"，而非嫉妒。故选 B。 ( B ) 5. How many students are mentioned in the passage?    A. Three.   B. Four.   C. Five.   D. Six. 【解析】题干问：文中提到了几名学生？本题考查细节归纳。文中明确提到的学生有：Li Jun（第二段）、Wang Hao（第三段）、Liu Ying（第四段）和作者"I"（最后一段），共四名学生。A 错误，漏数了作者；C 和 D 错误，多加了人数。故选 B。 ( C ) 6. What does the writer want to tell us through this story?    A. Only the fastest runner can win at Sports Day.   B. It is better to be strong than to be smart.   C. Everyone has different strengths, and we should find what we are good at.   D. Sports Day is not as important as the chess competition. 【解析】题干问：作者通过这个故事想告诉我们什么？本题考查主旨归纳。根据原文最后一段："Seeing my classmates do well in different events made me realize something important: everyone has different strengths. It is not about who is better. It is about finding what you are good at and giving it your all."（看到同学们在不同项目中表现出色让我意识到一件重要的事：每个人都有不同的优势。这不是谁更优秀的问题，而是找到你擅长的领域并全力以赴。）C 选项与原文主旨完全一致。A 错误，原文明确说"不是谁更快"；B 错误，原文强调各有优势，不比较孰优孰劣；D 错误，原文未比较运动会和象棋比赛的重要性。故选 C。 B篇 In the science club at our school, two students, Zhang Wei and Chen Yang, work together on a project to build a model robot. They are very different from each other, but their differences make them one of the strongest teams in the club. Zhang Wei is much more creative than Chen Yang. He is full of surprising ideas and always thinks of new ways to solve problems. When the team was designing the robot, Zhang Wei suggested adding a special arm that could pick up small objects. "This will make our robot much more useful than the others," he explained excitedly. The whole team was impressed by his imagination and creativity. However, Zhang Wei is not very good at organizing his ideas. His design sketches are often messy, and he sometimes forgets important steps in the building process. He needs someone to help him turn his big ideas into real plans. Chen Yang, on the other hand, is much more careful and patient than Zhang Wei. He doesn't come up with as many creative ideas as Zhang Wei, but he is excellent at making detailed plans and checking every single part. When Zhang Wei drew a messy sketch, Chen Yang took the time to study it carefully and turn it into a clear, step-by-step plan that everyone could follow. He checked every wire and every connection to make sure the robot would work safely and smoothly. "Without Chen Yang, my ideas would never become real," Zhang Wei always says with a grateful smile. At the city science fair, their robot won second prize. The judges said the robot was not the largest or the fastest, but it was much more creative and better designed than most others. What impressed the judges most was how well the team worked together. Zhang Wei and Chen Yang were very proud of their achievement. They learned that being different is not a weakness—it is a gift. Their friendship and teamwork became much stronger after the competition. "We are very different," Chen Yang said in an interview, "but that's exactly why we are such a great team. We respect each other's strengths and learn from each other's weaknesses." The two friends proved that differences, when respected and used wisely, can lead to something truly amazing. ( A ) 7. What is Zhang Wei's main strength according to the passage?    A. He is very creative and full of new ideas.   B. He is good at following instructions.   C. He is very careful with details.   D. He is the fastest at building things. 【解析】题干问：根据文章，Zhang Wei 的主要优势是什么？本题考查细节定位和人物特点归纳。根据原文第二段首句："Zhang Wei is much more creative than Chen Yang. He is full of surprising ideas and always thinks of new ways to solve problems."（Zhang Wei 比 Chen Yang 更有创造力。他充满了令人惊讶的点子，总是想出解决问题的新方法。）A 选项完整概括了这两点：有创造力、充满新想法。B 错误，原文说他不善于组织想法，画的设计图经常很乱；C 错误，细心是 Chen Yang 的特点（原文第三段）；D 错误，原文未提他是建得最快的。故选 A。 ( B ) 8. What does the phrase "come up with" mean in the passage?    A. 走过来   B. 想出   C. 赶上   D. 比较 【解析】题干问：文中"come up with"这个短语是什么意思？本题考查短语含义推断。根据原文第三段："He doesn't come up with as many creative ideas as Zhang Wei"（他不像 Zhang Wei 那样__________那么多创意点子）。从上下文可知，come up with 的宾语是"creative ideas"（创意点子），"想出"创意点子是最合理的搭配。A 错误，"走过来"与"创意点子"不能搭配；C 错误，"赶上"与上下文无关；D 错误，"比较"虽然与单元主题相关，但此处语境是"产生/想出点子"。故选 B。 ( C ) 9. What is the main theme of this passage?    A. Building robots is the most important skill in school.   B. Creative people are always more successful than careful people.   C. Differences, when respected and combined, can make a team much stronger.   D. Students should work alone rather than in teams to win competitions. 【解析】题干问：这篇文章的主旨是什么？本题考查主旨归纳。全文通过 Zhang Wei（有创造力但不细心）和 Chen Yang（细心但创造力不足）合作成功的故事，阐述了"差异不是弱点而是礼物"的主题。原文结尾："They learned that being different is not a weakness—it is a gift. ...differences, when respected and used wisely, can lead to something truly amazing."（他们学会了差异不是弱点而是礼物。……当差异被尊重和明智地使用时，可以带来真正惊人的成果。）C 选项与原文主旨完全一致。A 错误，原文不是在说建机器人最重要；B 错误，原文强调两人各有优势，没有比较谁更成功；D 错误，原文证明合作比单干更好。故选 C。 ( D ) 10. What is the author's opinion about differences?    A. Differences are weaknesses that should be avoided.   B. Only people with similar personalities can work well together.   C. Differences are not important as long as everyone works hard.   D. Differences are a gift that can lead to amazing results when respected. 【解析】题干问：作者对于差异的观点是什么？本题考查作者观点理解和态度判断。根据原文第四段："They learned that being different is not a weakness—it is a gift."（他们学会了差异不是弱点——而是礼物。）以及结尾："differences, when respected and used wisely, can lead to something truly amazing."（当差异被尊重和明智地使用时，可以带来真正惊人的成果。）D 选项与原文完全一致。A 错误，与原文"不是弱点而是礼物"相反；B 错误，原文证明性格不同的人也可以合作得很好；C 错误，原文强调差异本身的价值，而非"只要努力就行"。故选 D。 四、完形填空（共10小题） When I entered junior high school last year, I was just an average student. I was not as ___1___ as my classmates, and I was afraid to answer questions in class. I was kind of shy, and I didn't have many friends. Everything seemed ___2___ than before, and I felt quite lonely at first. Everything changed when my teacher encouraged me to ___3___ the school basketball team. At first, I didn't want to join because I thought I was not good enough. But my teacher said, "You don't need to be the best. You just need to ___4___ harder than yesterday." Those words touched my heart deeply and gave me courage. I started to practise basketball every morning and evening, even when I was tired. Slowly but surely, I became ___5___ than before. I could run faster, jump higher, and even shoot more accurately. My ___6___ changed too. I became more confident and outgoing. Now I am not afraid of speaking in front of people anymore. I even joined the school's public speaking club and gave a speech last month! Looking back, I realize how much I have ___7___ over the past year. I am not the same shy boy anymore. I am ___8___ taller than last year, and much stronger too. But more importantly, I learned that the biggest ___9___ comes from within. Comparing myself with who I was yesterday, rather than with others, has made all the difference. My teachers and classmates have noticed my ___10___ too. They say I have become a completely different person—in a good way. I am really proud of how far I have come. ( A ) 1. A. outgoing   B. lazy   C. serious   D. honest 【解析】句意：我不如同学们那样__________，我害怕在课堂上回答问题。本题考查上下文逻辑推理。后文"I was kind of shy, and I didn't have many friends"（我有点害羞，没有很多朋友）是对空格的进一步解释和同义复现。"害羞"和"没有朋友"说明作者性格内向、不爱社交。A. outgoing 意为"外向的"，not as outgoing as my classmates 意为"不如同学们外向"，与后文"害羞"形成因果关系。B. lazy 意为"懒惰的"，与"害羞"没有直接关联；C. serious 意为"严肃的"，严肃的人不一定害羞或没有朋友；D. honest 意为"诚实的"，诚实与害羞无关。故选 A。 ( B ) 2. A. easier   B. harder   C. funnier   D. quieter 【解析】句意：一切似乎比以前更__________，起初我感到很孤独。本题考查上下文逻辑推理。后文"I felt quite lonely"（我感到很孤独）暗示情况不如以前好，一切都更困难了。B. harder 意为"更困难"，与"孤独"的情感一致。A. easier 意为"更容易"，与"孤独"矛盾——如果更容易就不会孤独；C. funnier 意为"更有趣"，与"孤独"矛盾；D. quieter 意为"更安静"，安静不一定会导致孤独。故选 B。 ( B ) 3. A. compare   B. join   C. respect   D. practise 【解析】句意：当老师鼓励我__________学校篮球队时，一切都变了。本题考查动词词义辨析和固定搭配。join the school basketball team 意为"加入学校篮球队"，join 后接组织或团体。A. compare 意为"比较"，compare the team 搭配不当；C. respect 意为"尊重"，respect the team 虽然通顺但老师"鼓励我去尊重球队"不合逻辑——老师应该是鼓励我去加入球队；D. practise 意为"练习"，practise the basketball team 搭配不当（练习的是篮球，不是球队）。故选 B。 ( A ) 4. A. try   B. join   C. compare   D. attend 【解析】句意：你只需要比昨天更__________。本题考查动词词义辨析和固定搭配。try harder than yesterday 意为"比昨天更努力"，try hard 是固定搭配。老师的话是在鼓励作者不要追求最好，只要每天进步一点。B. join 意为"加入"，join harder 搭配不当；C. compare 意为"比较"，compare harder 搭配不当；D. attend 意为"参加"，attend harder 搭配不当。故选 A。 ( B ) 5. A. worse   B. better   C. lazier   D. slower 【解析】句意：慢慢地但坚定地，我变得比以前__________了。我能跑得更快、跳得更高，甚至投篮也更准了。本题考查上下文逻辑推理。后文"I could run faster, jump higher, and even shoot more accurately"（能跑得更快、跳得更高、投篮更准）都是积极变化，说明作者变得更好了。B. better 意为"更好"，概括了这些积极变化。A. worse 意为"更差"，与后文描述的进步矛盾；C. lazier 意为"更懒惰"，懒惰的人不会每天早晚练习；D. slower 意为"更慢"，与"跑得更快"矛盾。故选 B。 ( B ) 6. A. mirror   B. personality   C. difference   D. average 【解析】句意：我的__________也变了。我变得更自信、更外向了。本题考查名词词义辨析和上下文理解。后文"I became more confident and outgoing"（变得更自信、更外向）描述的是性格的变化。B. personality 意为"性格"，与后文具体描述完全对应。A. mirror 意为"镜子"，mirror changed 不合逻辑；C. difference 意为"差异"，不能说"我的差异也变了"；D. average 意为"平均数"，average changed 不合逻辑。故选 B。 ( C ) 7. A. compared   B. joined   C. improved   D. respected 【解析】句意：回顾过去，我意识到过去一年我__________了多少。本题考查动词词义辨析和上下文理解。全文描述的是作者从害羞、不自信到自信、外向的转变过程，是积极的进步。C. improved 意为"进步；提高"，how much I have improved 意为"我进步了多少"，与全文的成长主题一致。A. compared 意为"比较"，"比较了多少"不合逻辑；B. joined 意为"加入"，"加入了多少"不完整，缺宾语；D. respected 意为"尊重"，"尊重了多少"不合逻辑。故选 C。 ( A ) 8. A. much   B. more   C. a little   D. as 【解析】句意：我比去年__________高了，也强壮了很多。本题考查比较级修饰语。much taller 意为"高得多"，much 修饰比较级表示程度大。后文"much stronger too"（也强壮很多）中的 much 也提示此处应用 much。B. more taller 是错误表达，不能既加 more 又加 -er；C. a little taller 意为"高一点点"，与全文"发生了巨大变化"的语境不符；D. as 用于 as...as 结构，不能直接修饰 taller。故选 A。 ( C ) 9. A. mirror   B. prize   C. difference   D. personality 【解析】句意：但更重要的是，我意识到最大的_______来自内心。本题考查名词词义辨析和上下文逻辑。 后句"Comparing myself with who I was yesterday, rather than with others, has made all the difference"意为"与昨天的自己比较，而不是与他人比较，带来了巨大的改变"。这里的 difference 与第9题空格形成直接呼应，说明作者认为真正重要的"改变"来源于内心的进步，而非与他人的攀比。 A. mirror（镜子）——"最大的镜子来自内心"不合逻辑，且与后文无关联；B. prize（奖品）——"最大的奖品来自内心"单独看勉强通顺，但无法与后句 made all the difference 构成呼应；D. personality（性格）——"最大的性格来自内心"搭配不当，且前文第6题已经明确提到"我的性格也变了"，此处再次用 personality 会显得重复累赘。故选 C。 ( A ) 10. A. growth   B. prize   C. mirror   D. average 【解析】句意：我的老师和同学们也注意到了我的__________。他们说我已经变成了一个完全不同的人。本题考查名词词义辨析和全文主旨理解。全文描述的是作者进入初中后的成长历程——从害羞到自信、从普通到优秀。A. growth 意为"成长"，noticed my growth 意为"注意到了我的成长"，与全文的成长主题完全一致。B. prize 意为"奖品"，prize 通常是被赢得而非被"注意到"的；C. mirror 意为"镜子"，与上下文无关；D. average 意为"平均数"，与上下文无关。故选 A。 五、写作 每个人都是独特的。请以"Different but Better Together"为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍一个与你性格不同的朋友。 【写作支架】 一、思维导图 Who is the person? ↓ What do we have in common? ↓ What are our differences? ↓ What can I learn from him/her? ↓ Why are differences important? 二、句型库 · We both... · I am more... than... · He/She is as... as... · Although we are different,... · I learn... from him/her. · Our differences make us... 三、可用词汇 outgoing, serious, personality, difference, respect, hard-working, similar, compare, mirror, honest, besides 【写作指导】 1. 结构建议：开头介绍朋友是谁 → 中间写共同点和不同点（各2个以上）→ 结尾写从对方身上学到什么，点题"差异让我们更强大"。 2. 必用句型：至少三处比较级 + 至少一处 as...as + 至少五处本单元词汇。 3. 立意提示：不是比较谁更优秀，而是表达"不同的性格可以互补，让彼此变得更好"。 【范文】 My best friend is Li Ming. We both love playing basketball and reading books. However, we are quite different in many ways. I am more outgoing than him, but he is as hard-working as me. Li Ming is much quieter and more serious than I am. Although we are different, we respect each other's personality. I learn patience and carefulness from him, and he becomes more open because of me. Our differences make us a stronger team. I truly believe that friends do not need to be the same. Different but better together! 【范文解析】 本文使用了 outgoing, serious, personality, hard-working, respect 五个本单元词汇；使用了三处比较级（more outgoing than, quieter, more serious than）和一处 as...as 结构（as hard-working as me）；结尾点题"Different but better together"，完整呼应单元主题。 _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ — 答案解析版 · 完 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $