期末复习之重点词汇变形必考100题（Units 1-8）- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语

**基本信息** 本专项以三层梯度系统构建词汇训练体系，从基础识记到语境综合，夯实语言能力基础，提升学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础识记层|35题|中文提示写单词/短语|聚焦核心单词及常考词组，强化词义记忆| |能力提升层|35题|词形变换填空|覆盖名词单复数、词性转换等语法考点，构建词汇-语法综合运用逻辑| |综合拓展层|30题|首字母填空|依托语境考查拼写、搭配及句意推理，实现从孤立记忆到语境应用的能力跃升|

答案解析 一、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式（35题） 1. practical；解析：be动词后用形容词作表语，practical形容词，意为“实用的”，修饰名词jacket。 2. introduction；解析：the后接名词，introduce动词“介绍”，名词形式introduction，the introduction of…表示“……的序言/介绍”。 3. cheer；解析：a loud后接可数名词单数，cheer作名词意为“欢呼，喝彩声”。 4. receiving；解析：固定搭配look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事），to是介词，后接动名词，receive变动名词receiving。 5. private；解析：形容词修饰名词life，private life固定短语“私人生活”。 6. refuse；解析：固定结构how to do sth.（如何做某事），to后用动词原形，refuse意为“拒绝”。 7. report；解析：a detailed后接可数名词单数，report名词“报道”。 8. degree；解析：one后接可数名词单数，degree表示“（温度、角度）度数”。 9. research；解析：do research为固定搭配，research不可数名词，意为“研究”。 10. repeat；解析：had to（have to过去式）后接动词原形，repeat意为“重复”。 11. on purpose；解析：固定短语on purpose，副词短语，在句中作状语，意为“故意地”。 12. deal；解析：固定搭配deal with处理；how to后用动词原形deal。 13. check；解析：a后接可数名词单数，do a check做检查。 14. illnesses；解析：all the后接可数名词复数，ill形容词，illness名词“疾病”，复数illnesses。 15. Dentists；解析：谓语动词advise为原形，主语用复数；dentist牙医，复数Dentists，句首首字母大写。 16. push；解析：Don’t后接动词原形，push oneself too hard固定搭配“给自己太大压力、督促自己太紧”。 17. strict；解析：形容词修饰名词teacher，strict严厉的，a strict teacher严厉的老师。 18. in return；解析：固定短语in return，意为“作为回报”，作句子状语。 19. value；解析：the后接名词，value不可数名词，the value of time时间的价值。 20. volunteer；解析：形容词修饰名词activities，volunteer作形容词意为“无偿的、志愿的”，volunteer activities志愿活动。 21. consider；解析：ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，to后用动词原形consider“考虑”。 22. Unless；解析：连词引导条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”，句首首字母大写。 23. except；解析：固定搭配except for，意为“除……之外（修正细节）”。 24. take a deep breath；解析：情态动词can后接动词原形，固定短语take a deep breath深呼吸。 25. mean；解析：固定短语be mean to sb.对某人刻薄，mean形容词“刻薄的”。 26. hurtful；解析：形容词修饰名词words，hurt动词“伤害”，hurtful形容词“伤感情的”。 27. advises；解析：often为一般现在时标志，主语my teacher是三单，suggest动词“建议”，三单形式advises；固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事。 28. brightness；解析：the后接名词，bright形容词“明亮的”，brightness名词“亮度”。 29. suffer from；解析：一般现在时，主语people复数，谓语用原形；固定短语suffer from遭受（病痛）。 30. Avoid；解析：祈使句以动词原形开头，avoid意为“避免”，句首大写；avoid sth./doing sth.避免（做）某事。 31. allowed；解析：被动语态be + 过去分词，allow允许，过去分词allowed；be not allowed不被允许。 32. once in a while；解析：固定短语once in a while，意为“偶尔，间或”。 33. give up；解析：情态动词should后接动词原形，固定短语give up放弃。 34. wake up；解析：时间状语从句，主语you后用一般现在时动词原形，wake up醒来。 35. first aid；解析：固定名词短语first aid，意为“急救”，不可数。 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空（35题） 1. heroes；解析：many后接可数名词复数，hero英雄，复数heroes（以o结尾有生命名词加es）。 2. knives；解析：things like后接复数表一类物品，knife刀，复数knives（f/fe结尾变v加es）。 3. successful；解析：形容词修饰名词football match，success名词“成功”，successful形容词“成功的”。 4. youth；解析：固定搭配in one’s youth，意为“在某人年轻的时候”，young形容词，youth名词“青年时期”。 5. society；解析：modern形容词后接名词，social形容词“社会的”，society名词“社会”。 6. historical；解析：形容词修饰名词sites，history名词“历史”，historical形容词“历史的”，historical sites历史遗迹。 7. improper；解析：根据后文“请小声”可知句意“在图书馆大声说话不合适”，proper合适的，反义词improper不合适的。 8. married；解析：固定搭配get married，意为“结婚”，marry动词，married形容词。 9. cultural；解析：形容词修饰名词differences，culture名词“文化”，cultural形容词“文化的”，cultural differences文化差异。 10. terribly；解析：副词修饰动词cried，terrible形容词，terribly副词“严重地、剧烈地”。 11. preparations；解析：形容词good后接名词，prepare动词，preparation名词“准备”，此处表各类准备工作用复数preparations。 12. curiosity；解析：形容词strong后接名词，curious形容词“好奇的”，curiosity不可数名词“好奇心”。 13. northern；解析：形容词修饰名词part，north名词“北方”，northern形容词“北部的”，northern part of China中国北方地区。 14. unusual；解析：后文“他总是第一个到校”可知“起晚对他不常见”，usual平常的，反义词unusual不寻常的。 15. proud；解析：固定搭配feel proud of，意为“为……感到骄傲”，pride名词，proud形容词。 16. decision；解析：固定搭配make a decision做决定，decide动词，decision名词。 17. pressure；解析：reduce动词后接名词作宾语，press动词“按压”，pressure不可数名词“压力”。 18. hit；解析：just now刚才，一般过去时；hit过去式、过去分词同原形hit。 19. bled；解析：and连接并列谓语，cut为过去式，bleed也要用过去式bled。 20. safety；解析：形容词性物主代词your后接名词，safe形容词，safety名词“安全”。 21. description；解析：a clear后接名词，describe动词“描述”，description名词“描述”。 22. careless；解析：后文“丢简单的分”可知“考试不要粗心”，care细心，careless粗心的。 23. running；解析：固定短语a running nose流鼻涕，run变动名词running作定语修饰nose。 24. instructor；解析：形容词swimming后接表人的名词，instruct动词“指导”，instructor名词“教练，导师”。 25. programmer；解析：computer后接表职业名词，program程序，programmer程序员。 26. failure；解析：从句缺少主语，用名词；fail动词“失败”，failure不可数名词“失败”。 27. dealt；解析：last night昨晚，一般过去时；deal过去式dealt，固定搭配deal with处理。 28. suggestion；解析：a helpful后接名词，suggest动词，suggestion可数名词“建议”。 29. stole；解析：主句felt为过去式，从句时态一致用一般过去时；steal偷，过去式stole。 30. hid；解析：when引导时间状语从句heard为过去式，主句用过去式；hide躲藏，过去式hid。 31. simply；解析：副词修饰动词forgot，simple形容词，simply副词“仅仅，只是”。 32. died; death；解析：第一空last year一般过去时，谓语动词用died；第二空his后接名词，die动词，death名词“去世”。 33. depth；解析：the后接名词作主语，deep形容词，depth名词“深度”。 34. alone; lonely；解析：第一空副词alone修饰动词lives，live alone独自居住；第二空feel系动词后接形容词lonely，侧重内心孤独。 35. based; basic；解析：第一空固定搭配be based on基于；第二空形容词修饰名词knowledge，base名词，basic形容词“基础的”。 三、根据首字母提示完成句子（30题） 1. medicine；解析：take this medicine固定搭配“吃药”，medicine不可数名词，意为“药”。 2. talent；解析：固定搭配have a talent for doing sth.有做某事的天赋，talent名词“天赋”。 3. effort；解析：固定搭配make every effort to do sth.竭尽全力做某事，effort名词“努力”。 4. provide；解析：固定搭配provide sth. to sb.向某人提供某物；every week一般现在时，主语volunteers复数，谓语用原形provide。 5. doubt；解析：固定句型There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……，doubt名词“怀疑”。 6. effects；解析：固定搭配have effects on sb./sth.对……有影响，both后接复数，effect复数effects。 7. recommend；解析：情态动词could后接动词原形，recommend意为“推荐”，recommend a book推荐一本书。 8. forced；解析：大风迫使我们取消户外活动，事情已发生用一般过去时；force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事，force过去式forced。 9. congratulate；解析：本句为祈使句，动词原形开头；congratulate sb. for sth.因某事祝贺某人。 10. false；解析：形容词修饰名词impression，false impression不好/虚假的印象，false意为“虚假的”。 11. traditions；解析：one of the + 可数名词复数，tradition传统，复数traditions。 12. manners；解析：固定短语table manners餐桌礼仪，manner表礼仪时只用复数manners。 13. knowledge；解析：not only…but also连接并列主语，knowledge不可数名词“知识”。 14. power；解析：go out此处表示“停电”，power名词“电力，电源”。 15. interview；解析：have an important interview参加一场重要面试，interview名词“面试”。 16. warned；解析：后半句was为过去式，主句时态一致；warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事，warn过去式warned。 17. include；解析：情态动词should后接动词原形，include意为“包含，把……纳入”。 18. development；解析：形容词great后接名词，develop动词“发展”，development名词“发展”，with the development of随着……的发展。 19. survive；解析：情态动词can后接动词原形，survive意为“生存，存活”。 20. condition；解析：固定搭配in good condition身体状况良好，condition名词“身体状况”。 21. negative；解析：后文“保持积极更好”对应避免消极态度，negative形容词“消极的”修饰attitude。 22. control；解析：固定句型it’s a good idea to do sth.，to后用动词原形；control anger控制怒火。 23. burn；解析：or连接并列祈使句，will后接动词原形，burn意为“烫伤，烧伤”。 24. patients；解析：many后接可数名词复数，patient病人，复数patients。 25. sore；解析：固定短语a sore throat喉咙痛，sore形容词“疼痛发炎的”。 26. managed；解析：last night昨晚，一般过去时；manage to do sth.设法成功做某事，manage过去式managed。 27. scared；解析：固定搭配be scared of害怕……，scared形容词“感到害怕的”。 28. relax；解析：help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事，relax stress缓解压力，relax动词“缓解，放松”。 29. expressing；解析：固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，express表达，动名词expressing。 30. prove；解析：if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，主语they复数，谓语用原形prove“证明”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $夯实词汇基础・突破变形考点・单元专项精练 人教版（2024）八年级下册期末复习（Units 1-8） 重点词汇变形必考100题 学校：______________ 班级：______________ 姓名：______________ （考试时间：60分钟 满分：100分） 资料说明 整套词汇专项按基础识记→词形转换提升→综合语境运用三层梯度划分，由浅入深： 1. 基础识记层（35 分）：根据中文提示写单词 / 固定短语，聚焦单元核心单词、常考词组，夯实单词词义记忆，适合基础薄弱学生过关； 2. 能力提升层（35 分）：词形变换，覆盖名词单复数、词性转换、时态变形、形容词副词辨析等高频考点，侧重语法 + 词汇变形综合运用； 3. 综合拓展层（30 分）：首字母填空，依托完整句子语境，考查单词拼写、固定搭配、句意推理，适配期末拔高训练，冲刺高分。 一、基础识记层｜根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式。（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分） 1．This jacket is not only stylish but also very ________ (实用的) for cold weather. 2．The ________ (介绍) of the book tells us what the story is mainly about. 3．There was a loud ________ (欢呼) in the classroom when our team won the game. 4．I am looking forward to ________ (收到) a letter or a message from you soon. 5．He prefers to keep his _________ (私人的) life separate from his work responsibilities. 6．We should learn how to _________ (拒绝) other’s invitations politely. 7．The newspaper published a detailed ________ (报道) about the election. 8．The temperature drops about one ________ (度数) for every 100 meters increase in altitude(海拔). 9．He spent weeks doing _________ (研究) to write his history report. 10．Miss He had to __________ (重复) the sentence to make everyone understand. 11．I’m sorry I stepped on your foot, but I didn’t do it ________ ________.(故意) 12．It’s important to learn how to ________ (处理) with different emotions. 13．Doing a ________ (检查) is necessary if your throat is red and your temperature is high. 14．Mary was in poor health when she was young. And she had all the normal childhood ________ (疾病). 15．_________ (牙科医生) advise you to have your teeth checked every six months. 16．Don’t __________ (督促) yourself too hard at work—take breaks to avoid burnout. 17．It is often said that a ________ (严厉的) teacher shapes excellent students. 18．I will help you with your English, and you can teach me painting ________ ________ (作为回报). 19．Time waits for no man, but some people will never realise the _________(价值) of time until it’s gone. 20．Many students take part in ________ (无偿的) activities during the holidays to help the old and disabled. 21．Our teacher asks us to ________ (考虑) this question carefully before answering. 22．________ (除非) you listen more than you speak, you will never truly understand others. 23．I agree with you on the whole, ________ ________ (除了……之外) for some details. 24．When you feel nervous, you can ________ ________ ________ ________ (深呼吸) to calm down. 25．It’s not kind to be _______ (刻薄的)‌ to others just because they’re different. 26．It’s not polite to say ________ (伤感情) words to others, even if you’re down. 27．My teacher often ________ (建议) me to read English aloud every morning. It really helps with my pronunciation. 28．In winter, the _________ (亮度) of white snow can sometimes hurt your eyes. 29．Many people ________ ________ (受苦) headaches when they are under stress. 30．________ (避免) soft drinks from now on. They are not good for your teeth. 31．Smoking is not __________ (允许) in the school for both teachers and students. 32．We don’t eat out often, but ________ ________ ________ ________ (偶尔)‌, we go to a nice restaurant for dinner. 33．No matter how hard it is, you should never ________ your hope. (放弃) 34．You must get up as soon as you ________ ________ tomorrow. (醒来) 35．He got hurt in an accident. It’s lucky that doctors gave him _____ _____ (急救) in time. 二、能力提升层｜用括号内单词的正确形式填空。（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分） 1．Many brave ________ (hero) risked their lives to save people from the burning building during the fire. 2．To keep children safe, we must put things like ________ (knife) away. 3．Our team tried our best and finally had a ________ (success) football match last Friday. 4．In his ________(young), Li Bai traveled across the country and wrote many great poems. 5．In modern _________ (social), almost everyone has a mobile phone to stay connected with others. 6．We visited many ________ (history) sites during our trip to Beijing, such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. 7．It’s ________ to speak loudly in the library. Please keep your voice down. (proper) 8．Each of his friends is glad to hear that he is going to get ________ (marry) next week. 9．We should pay attention to ________ differences when we travel to other places. (culture) 10．The little boy cried ________ (terrible) after he fell off his bike on the icy road. 11．Good ________ (prepare) can reduce the danger of a natural disaster. 12．It’s common for children to have strong _______ (curious) about the world around them. 13．People have to wear warm clothes and scarves in the ________ (north) part of China when they go outside on a snowy day. 14．It’s ________ for him to get up late—he’s always the first to come to school. (usual) 15．The Chinese women’s volleyball team won the championship again, and we felt ________ (pride) of them. 16．It’s hard for him to make a ________ (decide) in such a short time. 17．In order to reduce ________ (press), we should take part in more outdoor activities. 18．He ________ (hit) his leg on the desk and got a painful wound just now. 19．He cut his finger by accident and it ________ (bleed) heavily. 20．Before leaving the kitchen, make sure the gas is turned off for your ________. (safe) 21．The policeman asked me to give a clear ________ (describe) of my lost bag. 22．Don’t be ________ (care) in the exam, or you’ll lose easy points. 23．Staying in the cold wind for too long, he got a ________ (run) nose and started to sneeze. 24．My swimming ________ (instruct) taught me how to breathe correctly. 25．His dream job is to be a computer ________ (program) in the future. 26．Everyone knows that ________ (fail) is the mother of success. 27．The police ________ (deal) with the traffic accident quickly last night. 28．My teacher made a helpful ________ (suggest) on how to improve my writing. 29．She felt sad because someone ________ (steal) her new bicycle. 30．The cat ________ (hide) under the bed when it heard the loud noise. 31．He didn’t hurt you on purpose. He ________ (simple) forgot to tell you the truth. 32．The great scientist ________ (die) last year. His ________ (die) was our country’s loss. 33．The ________ (deep) of the Pacific Ocean is about 11,034 meters in some places. 34．Mr. Smith lives ________ (lone) in the mountain, but he never feels ________ (lone). 35．The whole project is ________ on practical experience, and we also need to master some ________ knowledge to carry it out well. (base) 三、综合拓展层｜根据首字母提示完成句子。（共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分） 1．Take this m________ twice a day, and you’ll get better. 2．My cousin has a t________ for playing the piano and has won a small prize. 3．They made every e__________ to get through the cold and dark. 4．The volunteers p________ food and water to the homeless every week. 5．There is no d________ that good books can change our way of thinking. 6．The internet has both positive and negative e________on us. 7．Could you please r________ a good book for me to read this weekend? 8．The strong wind f________ us to cancel the outdoor activity. 9．When you do something challenging, c_________ yourself for being brave and having a try. 10．We should follow the local customs when we travel, or we may give people a f________ impression. 11．Admiring the moon is one of the most popular t________ in China on Mid-Autumn Festival. 12．Knowing good table m________ can help us behave well at dinner. 13．Our teacher always tells us k________ not only comes from books but also from practice. 14．The house was dark because the p________ went out suddenly. 15．She will have an important i________ for the dream job this afternoon. 16．The police w________ us not to cross the road as it was too crowded. 17．We should i________ environmental protection as part of our development plan. 18．With the great d________ of technology, our life has changed a lot. 19．Many wild animals can s________ in very cold places if they have enough food. 20．Although my grandma is 70 now, she is still in good c________. 21．We should try to avoid having a n________ attitude. Being positive is better. 22．When we are angry, it’s a good idea to c_________ our anger and try to stay calm first. 23．Be careful with the hot pot, or you’ll b________ your fingers. 24．Li Mei is a famous doctor and she has helped many p________ solve their problems. 25．He has a s________ throat caused by talking too much at the New Year’s party, so he can’t speak loudly. 26．Tom m________ to solve the maths problem after trying many times last night. 27．Fu Xing used to be s________ of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear. 28．Doing yoga helps me r________ stress after a busy school day. 29．The girl had trouble e________ herself clearly because of shyness. 30．If they p________ that I was wrong, then I’ll go by what they say. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $