专题09 阅读理解（说明文、议论文）-【山西省对口升学】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 山西省对口升学2022-2026年英语真题分类汇编，聚焦说明文与议论文阅读理解，精选五年真题，覆盖核心阅读技能。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|约30题|说明文结构（总分总）、说明方法（下定义、举例子）、词义推测（如AI、protective coloration）及议论文论点分析|情境时代性（AI、垃圾分类等热点），问题层次分明（细节理解到主旨大意），如2026年AI主题考查下定义说明方法，2025年垃圾分类聚焦环保意识|

【山西省对口升学】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编 专题09 阅读理解（说明文、议论文） 1.能识别说明文的常见结构（如总分总、分总等）并把握段落主题：要求学生能快速识别段落主旨，理清文章的行文脉络，从而准确回答主旨大意题和段落大意题。 2.能理解文中使用的下定义、举例子、分类别等说明方法：学生需识别这些说明手法，并据此定位关键信息，解答细节理解题。 3.能根据上下文推测术语或概念的含义：说明文中常出现专业术语或核心概念（如AI、thallium poisoning、protective coloration等）。学生需结合上下文中的解释性语句或同义复现，推断其含义，这类考查常见于词义猜测题和细节理解题。 考向01 说明文 2026年 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a type of computer technology that can learn and solve problems like a human. AI is used in many devices and applications. For example, AI helps smart phones recognize voices and faces. It also helps car drive safely without drivers. AI can even play games and win against the best human players. AI has many uses in daily life. It can help people find information quickly on the internet. It can also suggest movies and songs that you might like. AI is very useful in health care, where it can help doctors diagnose diseases and create better treatment plans. One of the most famous examples of AI is a computer program called AlphaGo. AlphaGo can play the game Go, which is very complex. In 2016, AlphaGo beat the world champion in Go showing how powerful AI can be. AI is developing very fast in the future. It might be able to do even more things that we can’t imagine today. However, some people are worried about AI because they think it might take away jobs. But many experts believe that AI will create new jobs and help people work more efficiently. 66. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? A. A type of computer that can only do simple tasks. B. A type of computer technology that can learn and solve problems like a human. C. A type of car that drives itself. D. A type of phone that recognize faces. 67. How does AI help smart phones? A. By driving the phones. B. By recognizing voices and faces. C. By playing games. D. By creating movies. 68. Which is one of the most famous examples of AI? A. A car. B. A smart phone. C. AlphaGo. D. A doctor. 69. What can AI do in health care? A. Drive cars. B. Play games. C. Help doctors diagnose diseases. D. Create movies. 70. What do some people worry about with AI? A. It might be too slow. B. It might not recognize faces. C. It might not be useful. D. It might take away jobs. 2025年 Nowadays, garbage classification has drawn increasing attention all around the world and it is important in our daily life. Let’s first understand the main types of garbage clearly. One major type is recyclable waste, like paper, plastic, glass, and metal. These materials can be processed and reused, which is an effective way to save natural resources. Another type is hazardous waste, such as batteries, expired medicines, and some chemical products. If they are randomly discarded, they will pollute the soil and ground water, which may bring serious harm to plants, animals and even human beings. Kitchen waste mainly consists of food scraps from our daily meals. Composting kitchen waste can turn it into organic fertilizer, which is beneficial for soil improvement in gardening. And there is also other waste that is neither recyclable nor harmful but still needs to be disposed of properly, usually going to landfills but should be minimized in generation. For us young people, we should actively participate in garbage classification. We can start from our daily life, learn the classification standards, and influence those around us to do the same. We can put different kinds of garbage into the right bins and organize activities to promote it. Let’s all make efforts to create a beautiful homeland through proper handling of garbage. 61. What’s the main focus of the passage? A. The history of garbage classification. B. The importance of garbage classification in daily life. C. The process of recycling plastic bottles. D. The types of waste found in schools. 62. Which of the following items is considered recyclable waste? A. Used batteries. B. Food scraps. C. Plastic bottles. D. Chemical products. 63. If harmful waste is not disposed of properly, it will ________. A. be easily recycled B. pollute the soil and ground water C. be used as organic fertilizers D. be turned into new materials 64. How can kitchen waste be beneficial if handled properly? A. It can be used to make plastic fibers. B. It can be turned into organic fertilizers to improve soil quality. C. It can be used as a source of energy. D. It can be stored for long periods without decomposing. 65. What role can young people play in promoting garbage classification? A. They can ignore its importance. B. They can put different kinds of garbage into the right bins and organize activities to promote it. C. They can only focus on their studies and leave it to adults. D. They can protest against garbage classification. 2024年 The fiddler crab (蟹) is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun. Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light which strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time. This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab. The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides (潮水). The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught! 51. The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color _________. A. in a regular 24-hour rhythm B. in answer to the sun’s rays C. at low tide D. every fifty minutes 52. The crab’s changing colour _____. A. tells the crab what time it is B. protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies C. keeps the crab warm D. is of no real use 53. When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _____. A. did not change colour B. changed colour more quickly C. changed colour more slowly D. changed colour on the same timetable 54. The crab’s colour-changing ability was probably developed _____. A. in the process of evolution (进化) B. over millions of years C. by the work of biologists D. both A and B 55. The best title for this selection would be _____. A. The Sun and the Tides B. Discoveries in Biology C. A scientific Study D. A Living Clock To be a good teacher you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker with a good strong pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear． Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about using his arms hands and fingers to help him in his explanations and his face to express feelings. Listen to him and you will hear the loudness the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about． The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play they ask and answer questions they obey orders and if they don’t understand something they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart but must invent it as he goes along. I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 56. What is the text about? A. How to become a good teacher. B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other. D. The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s. 57. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ________. A. students B. people who watch a play C. people who not on the stage D. people who listen to something 58. A good teacher _________. A. knows how to hold the interest of his students B. must have a good voice C. knows how to act on the stage D. stands or sits still while teaching 59. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s? A. The teacher must learn everything by heart. B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C. He has to deal with unexpected situations. D. He has to use more facial expressions. 60. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _________. A. students can move around in the classroom B. students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t C. no memory work is needed for the students D. the students must take part in their teachers’ plays 2022年 Have you ever wondered why different animals or pests have their particular colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Birds,especially seagulls, are very fond of locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch locusts because locusts change their colors together with change of the colors of crops.When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe (成熟), locusts take on exactly the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are usually easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves in terror (恐惧) for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to the eyes of hunters because they have the color much like the barks (皮) of trees. An even stranger act remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in seas can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, its enemies cannot find it and it immediately swims away. Thus, it has existed up to now though it is not powerful at all. 56. This passage mainly talks about ________. A. the change of color in locusts B. the protective coloration (颜色) of animals and pests C. how a certain sea fish protects itself D. animals or pests can dye themselves different colors. 57. Locusts are ________ but they are not easily wiped out by their enemies because ________. A. animals; they are powerful enough B. beasts; they are dangerous to their enemies C. pests; they take on the same colors as crops D. birds; they fly extraordinarily fast 58. The pests that have different colors from plants usually appear at night because ________. A. their enemies can easily find them and eat them B. they have the habit of coming out in darkness C. it’s easy for them to destroy plants in darkness D. birds take their rest when night comes 59. Bears and wolves have the same colors as barks of trees because ________. A. they fear other beasts B. they like brown or grey colors C. they enjoy walking through forests quietly D. the colors help prevent themselves from being noticed 60. A certain fish living in seas has lived through millions of years because ________. A. it is the most powerful in the sea B. no other fishes can swim so fast as it can C. it can send out a kind of liquid which makes its enemies unable to find it D. the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies 考向02 议论文 2023年 Did your parents read bedtime stories when you were child? Do you like it? Although most parents don’t like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child’s emotional and mental health. It helps to develop children’s imagination. Reading bedtime stories can develop your children’s ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind. A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. It improves children’s language. Reading also improves your children’s language. They’ll most likely use those words in the stories you read right after they hear them. Listening to many stories helps kids to express their opinions better. Reading books makes people more learned. When children hear the stories you tell, they lean grammar and vocabulary, for example. It helps them be successful in school as they already know a lot from your stories. What’s more, every story has its moral aspect and tells them what’s good and what’s bad. These reasons leave no chances of doubting whether to read bedtime stories to your children or not. Do you agree to the suggestions above? 56. Why don’t most parents like reading bedtime stories to their kids? A. Because they feel tired after work. B. Because they feel like doing other things. C. Because they are busy doing housework. D. Because they think it unnecessary to do so. 57. The underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refers to (指代) ________? A. minds. B. children. C. teachers. D. parents. 58. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Reading bedtime stories does make a great influence on your kid. B. If you are tired or busy, you don’t need to read bedtime stories to your children. C. Reading can enlarge children’s vocabulary. D. Reading can tell children, what is good and what is bad or wrong. 59. Which of the following statements is NOT the advantage of reading bedtime stories according to the passage? A. It helps to develop Children’s imagination. B. It helps to improves children. C. It helps to makes children smarter. D. It helps to keeps children healthy. 60. Which one do you think is the best title of this passage? A. A Good Reading Habit B. Bedtime Stories C. Advantages of Reading Bedtime stories D. Reading Suggestions ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【山西省对口升学】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编 专题09 阅读理解（说明文、议论文） 1.能识别说明文的常见结构（如总分总、分总等）并把握段落主题：要求学生能快速识别段落主旨，理清文章的行文脉络，从而准确回答主旨大意题和段落大意题。 2.能理解文中使用的下定义、举例子、分类别等说明方法：学生需识别这些说明手法，并据此定位关键信息，解答细节理解题。 3.能根据上下文推测术语或概念的含义：说明文中常出现专业术语或核心概念（如AI、thallium poisoning、protective coloration等）。学生需结合上下文中的解释性语句或同义复现，推断其含义，这类考查常见于词义猜测题和细节理解题。 考向01 说明文 2026年 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a type of computer technology that can learn and solve problems like a human. AI is used in many devices and applications. For example, AI helps smart phones recognize voices and faces. It also helps car drive safely without drivers. AI can even play games and win against the best human players. AI has many uses in daily life. It can help people find information quickly on the internet. It can also suggest movies and songs that you might like. AI is very useful in health care, where it can help doctors diagnose diseases and create better treatment plans. One of the most famous examples of AI is a computer program called AlphaGo. AlphaGo can play the game Go, which is very complex. In 2016, AlphaGo beat the world champion in Go showing how powerful AI can be. AI is developing very fast in the future. It might be able to do even more things that we can’t imagine today. However, some people are worried about AI because they think it might take away jobs. But many experts believe that AI will create new jobs and help people work more efficiently. 66. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? A. A type of computer that can only do simple tasks. B. A type of computer technology that can learn and solve problems like a human. C. A type of car that drives itself. D. A type of phone that recognize faces. 67. How does AI help smart phones? A. By driving the phones. B. By recognizing voices and faces. C. By playing games. D. By creating movies. 68. Which is one of the most famous examples of AI? A. A car. B. A smart phone. C. AlphaGo. D. A doctor. 69. What can AI do in health care? A. Drive cars. B. Play games. C. Help doctors diagnose diseases. D. Create movies. 70. What do some people worry about with AI? A. It might be too slow. B. It might not recognize faces. C. It might not be useful. D. It might take away jobs. 【答案】66. B 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能的定义、日常应用、著名案例AlphaGo以及人们对未来发展的担忧与展望。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a type of computer technology that can learn and solve problems like a human. (人工智能（AI）是一种可以像人类一样学习和解决问题的计算机技术。)”可知，AI是一种能像人类一样学习和解决问题的计算机技术。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For example, AI helps smart phones recognize voices and faces. (例如，人工智能可以帮助智能手机识别声音和面部。)”可知，AI帮助智能手机识别声音和面部。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“One of the most famous examples of AI is a computer program called AlphaGo. (人工智能最著名的例子之一是一个名为AlphaGo的计算机程序。)”可知，人工智能最著名的例子之一是AlphaGo。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“AI is very useful in health care, where it can help doctors diagnose diseases (人工智能在医疗保健领域非常有用，它可以帮助医生诊断疾病)”可知，在医疗方面，AI能帮助医生诊断疾病。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, some people are worried about AI because they think it might take away jobs. (然而，有些人担心人工智能，因为他们认为它可能会夺走工作。)”可知，人们担心AI会夺走工作。 2025年 Nowadays, garbage classification has drawn increasing attention all around the world and it is important in our daily life. Let’s first understand the main types of garbage clearly. One major type is recyclable waste, like paper, plastic, glass, and metal. These materials can be processed and reused, which is an effective way to save natural resources. Another type is hazardous waste, such as batteries, expired medicines, and some chemical products. If they are randomly discarded, they will pollute the soil and ground water, which may bring serious harm to plants, animals and even human beings. Kitchen waste mainly consists of food scraps from our daily meals. Composting kitchen waste can turn it into organic fertilizer, which is beneficial for soil improvement in gardening. And there is also other waste that is neither recyclable nor harmful but still needs to be disposed of properly, usually going to landfills but should be minimized in generation. For us young people, we should actively participate in garbage classification. We can start from our daily life, learn the classification standards, and influence those around us to do the same. We can put different kinds of garbage into the right bins and organize activities to promote it. Let’s all make efforts to create a beautiful homeland through proper handling of garbage. 61. What’s the main focus of the passage? A. The history of garbage classification. B. The importance of garbage classification in daily life. C. The process of recycling plastic bottles. D. The types of waste found in schools. 62. Which of the following items is considered recyclable waste? A. Used batteries. B. Food scraps. C. Plastic bottles. D. Chemical products. 63. If harmful waste is not disposed of properly, it will ________. A. be easily recycled B. pollute the soil and ground water C. be used as organic fertilizers D. be turned into new materials 64. How can kitchen waste be beneficial if handled properly? A. It can be used to make plastic fibers. B. It can be turned into organic fertilizers to improve soil quality. C. It can be used as a source of energy. D. It can be stored for long periods without decomposing. 65. What role can young people play in promoting garbage classification? A. They can ignore its importance. B. They can put different kinds of garbage into the right bins and organize activities to promote it. C. They can only focus on their studies and leave it to adults. D. They can protest against garbage classification. 【答案】61. B 62. C 63. B 64. B 65. B 【导语】文章主要讲述了垃圾分类的类型、重要性及年轻人应如何参与。 【61题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nowadays, garbage classification has drawn increasing attention all around the world and it is important in our daily life. (如今，垃圾分类已经引起了全世界越来越多的关注，它在我们的日常生活中很重要。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述垃圾分类在日常生活中的重要性。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One major type is recyclable waste, like paper, plastic, glass, and metal. (一种主要类型是可回收废物，如纸张、塑料、玻璃和金属。)”可知，塑料瓶属于可回收垃圾。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“If they are randomly discarded, they will pollute the soil and ground water (如果随意丢弃，会污染土壤和地下水)”可知，有害垃圾若不妥善处理会污染土壤和地下水。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Composting kitchen waste can turn it into organic fertilizer, which is beneficial for soil improvement in gardening. (将厨余垃圾进行堆肥，可以将其转化为有机肥料，有利于园林土壤改良。)”可知，厨余垃圾可以变成有机肥料改良土壤。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We can put different kinds of garbage into the right bins and organize activities to promote it. (我们可以把不同种类的垃圾放入合适的垃圾箱，并组织活动来促进它。)”可知，年轻人应将垃圾正确分类并组织活动推广。 2024年 The fiddler crab (蟹) is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the colour of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun. Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply answer to the sun’s rays, changing colour according to the amount of light which strikes it? To find out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time. This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab. The biologists noticed that once each day the colour of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides (潮水). The crab’s period of greatest darkening is exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught! 51. The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color _________. A. in a regular 24-hour rhythm B. in answer to the sun’s rays C. at low tide D. every fifty minutes 52. The crab’s changing colour _____. A. tells the crab what time it is B. protects the crab from the sunlight and enemies C. keeps the crab warm D. is of no real use 53. When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _____. A. did not change colour B. changed colour more quickly C. changed colour more slowly D. changed colour on the same timetable 54. The crab’s colour-changing ability was probably developed _____. A. in the process of evolution (进化) B. over millions of years C. by the work of biologists D. both A and B 55. The best title for this selection would be _____. A. The Sun and the Tides B. Discoveries in Biology C. A scientific Study D. A Living Clock 【答案】51. A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了招潮蟹的变色规律。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The crab’s changing colour follows a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun. (这种螃蟹的变色遵循着一个24小时的规律，与太阳的日常节奏完全吻合。)”可知，招潮蟹就像一个时钟，因为它的颜色遵循24小时变化的规律，故选A。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. (这种特性可能是随着每天日出日落逐渐形成的，以保护螃蟹免受阳光和敌人的伤害。)”可知，招潮蟹的变色保护它免受阳光和敌人的伤害，故选B。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Even without daylight, the crab’s skin colour continued to change exactly on time. (就算没有日光，蟹壳的颜色还是随着时间在变化。)”可知，就算在黑暗中，招潮蟹的颜色还是按时变化，故选D。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This characteristic probably developed gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely controlled inside the living body of the crab. (这种特性可能是随着每天日出日落逐渐形成的，以保护螃蟹免受阳光和敌人的伤害。经过数百万年，它在螃蟹体内已经完全被控制住了。)”可知，这种变色能力是经过数百万年，在不间断的进化过程中生成的，故选D。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The fiddler crab is a living clock. (招潮蟹就是活体时钟。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了招潮蟹的变色规律，和24小时完全吻合，犹如活体时钟。结合文章内容可知D项“活体时钟”符合题意。故选D。 To be a good teacher you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker with a good strong pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear． Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about using his arms hands and fingers to help him in his explanations and his face to express feelings. Listen to him and you will hear the loudness the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about． The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play they ask and answer questions they obey orders and if they don’t understand something they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart but must invent it as he goes along. I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written. 56. What is the text about? A. How to become a good teacher. B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom. C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other. D. The similarities (相似处) and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s. 57. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ________. A. students B. people who watch a play C. people who not on the stage D. people who listen to something 58. A good teacher _________. A. knows how to hold the interest of his students B. must have a good voice C. knows how to act on the stage D. stands or sits still while teaching 59. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s? A. The teacher must learn everything by heart. B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor. C. He has to deal with unexpected situations. D. He has to use more facial expressions. 60. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _________. A. students can move around in the classroom B. students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t C. no memory work is needed for the students D. the students must take part in their teachers’ plays 【答案】56. D 57. A 58. A 59. C 60. D 【导语】这篇文章介绍了教师的工作与演员的相似与不同，描述了好老师拥有优秀演员的那些品质，同时又具备许多演员不具备的素养．可以说，老师是演员却胜似演员。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章讲述了从怎样成为一名好老师，进而讲了教师工作与演员的相似与不同，所以这篇文章主要是关于教师工作与演员工作的异同。故选D。 【57题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience which is his class. (因此，老师必须满足他的听众，也就是他的班级的需要。)”可知，此处的“audience”指的是他班上的学生。故选A。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据“To be a good teacher you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience (要成为一名好老师，你需要具备一些好演员的天赋；你必须能够抓住听众的注意力和兴趣)”可知，一位好老师知道如何保持学生的兴趣。故选A。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据“The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart but must invent it as he goes along. (因此，老师必须满足他的听众，也就是他的班级的需要。他不能把台词背熟，只能边读边编。)”可知，教师的工作不同于演员的工作在于他必须处理意想不到的情况。故选C。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据“His audience takes an active part in his play they ask and answer questions they obey orders and if they don’t understand something they say so. (他的观众积极参与他的表演，他们提问和回答问题，他们服从命令，如果他们不明白他们就说出来。)”可知，课堂上的学生和剧院观众的主要区别在于学生必须参与老师的表演。故选D。 2022年 Have you ever wondered why different animals or pests have their particular colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Birds,especially seagulls, are very fond of locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch locusts because locusts change their colors together with change of the colors of crops.When crops are green, locusts look green. But when crops are ripe (成熟), locusts take on exactly the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are usually easily found and eaten by their enemies. So they have to hide themselves in terror (恐惧) for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, wolves and other beasts move quietly through forests. They are usually invisible to the eyes of hunters because they have the color much like the barks (皮) of trees. An even stranger act remains to be noticed. A kind of fish living in seas can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, its enemies cannot find it and it immediately swims away. Thus, it has existed up to now though it is not powerful at all. 56. This passage mainly talks about ________. A. the change of color in locusts B. the protective coloration (颜色) of animals and pests C. how a certain sea fish protects itself D. animals or pests can dye themselves different colors. 57. Locusts are ________ but they are not easily wiped out by their enemies because ________. A. animals; they are powerful enough B. beasts; they are dangerous to their enemies C. pests; they take on the same colors as crops D. birds; they fly extraordinarily fast 58. The pests that have different colors from plants usually appear at night because ________. A. their enemies can easily find them and eat them B. they have the habit of coming out in darkness C. it’s easy for them to destroy plants in darkness D. birds take their rest when night comes 59. Bears and wolves have the same colors as barks of trees because ________. A. they fear other beasts B. they like brown or grey colors C. they enjoy walking through forests quietly D. the colors help prevent themselves from being noticed 60. A certain fish living in seas has lived through millions of years because ________. A. it is the most powerful in the sea B. no other fishes can swim so fast as it can C. it can send out a kind of liquid which makes its enemies unable to find it D. the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同的动物或害虫有其特殊颜色是因为这种特殊颜色可以起到保护作用。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. (它们身上的颜色似乎主要用来保护自己。)”可知，文章开头提出了中心话题：动物或害虫使用颜色来保护自己的问题。故选B。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据常识可知蝗虫是害虫；s根据第二段“Birds,especially seagulls, are very fond of locusts, but birds cannot easily catch locusts because locusts change their colors together with change of the colors of crops. (鸟类，尤其是海鸥，非常喜欢蝗虫，但由于蝗虫随着庄稼的颜色变化而改变颜色，鸟类很难捕捉到蝗虫。)”可知，蝗虫不容易被鸟发现是因为蝗虫可以把身体的颜色变成与庄稼一样的颜色。故选C。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“So they have to hide themselves in terror for lives and appear only at night. (所以他们不得不在恐惧中隐藏自己的生命，只在晚上出现。)”可知，这些动物白天躲藏起来，晚上出来活动，是为了躲避敌人袭击。故选A。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“If you study the animal life in any part of the world, you will find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. ... They are usually invisible to the eyes of hunters because they have the color much like the barks of trees. (如果你研究世界上任何地方的动物生活，你会发现着色的主要用途是保护自己。……它们通常是猎人看不见的，因为它们的颜色很像树皮。)”可知，熊和狼的颜色和树皮一样，是因为着色的主要用途是保护自己，以防被注意到。故选D。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“A kind of fish living in seas can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, its enemies cannot find it and it immediately swims away.Thus, it has existed up to now though it is not powerful at all. (一种生活在海里的鱼，当它面临危险时，会释放出一种很黑的液体。当液体扩散时，它的敌人找不到它。它马上就游走了。因此，虽然它并不强大，但它一直存在到现在。)”可知，这种鱼至今还存在是因为它可以释放出一种很黑的液体，让敌人找不到它。故选C。 考向02 议论文 2023年 Did your parents read bedtime stories when you were child? Do you like it? Although most parents don’t like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child’s emotional and mental health. It helps to develop children’s imagination. Reading bedtime stories can develop your children’s ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind. A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. It improves children’s language. Reading also improves your children’s language. They’ll most likely use those words in the stories you read right after they hear them. Listening to many stories helps kids to express their opinions better. Reading books makes people more learned. When children hear the stories you tell, they lean grammar and vocabulary, for example. It helps them be successful in school as they already know a lot from your stories. What’s more, every story has its moral aspect and tells them what’s good and what’s bad. These reasons leave no chances of doubting whether to read bedtime stories to your children or not. Do you agree to the suggestions above? 56. Why don’t most parents like reading bedtime stories to their kids? A. Because they feel tired after work. B. Because they feel like doing other things. C. Because they are busy doing housework. D. Because they think it unnecessary to do so. 57. The underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refers to (指代) ________? A. minds. B. children. C. teachers. D. parents. 58. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. Reading bedtime stories does make a great influence on your kid. B. If you are tired or busy, you don’t need to read bedtime stories to your children. C. Reading can enlarge children’s vocabulary. D. Reading can tell children, what is good and what is bad or wrong. 59. Which of the following statements is NOT the advantage of reading bedtime stories according to the passage? A. It helps to develop Children’s imagination. B. It helps to improves children. C. It helps to makes children smarter. D. It helps to keeps children healthy. 60. Which one do you think is the best title of this passage? A. A Good Reading Habit B. Bedtime Stories C. Advantages of Reading Bedtime stories D. Reading Suggestions 【答案】56. A 57. B 58. B 59. D 60. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了给孩子读睡前故事的诸多好处，包括对孩子的情感和心理健康产生积极影响、有助于发展想象力、提高语言能力、让人更博学以及让孩子明辨是非等，最后强调这些理由让人无需怀疑给孩子读睡前故事的必要性。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Although most parents don’t like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child’s emotional and mental health. (尽管大多数父母不喜欢在漫长而疲惫的工作日后这样做，但读睡前故事确实会对孩子的情绪和心理健康产生积极的影响。)”可知，大多数父母不喜欢给孩子读睡前故事是因为他们下班后感觉很累。故选A。 【57题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Reading bedtime stories can develop your children’s ability to form pictures or ideas in their mind. A healthy imagination makes their minds work well and teaches them to think quickly yet effectively. (睡前读故事可以培养孩子在脑海中形成画面或想法的能力。健康的想象力可以让他们的大脑运转良好，并教会他们快速而有效地思考。)”可知，这句话中“they”指的是孩子们，所以“them”也指代孩子们。故选B。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Although most parents don’t like doing it after a long and exhausting workday, reading bedtime stories does make a positive influence on your child’s emotional and mental health. (尽管大多数父母不喜欢在漫长而疲惫的工作日后这样做，但读睡前故事确实会对孩子的情绪和心理健康产生积极的影响。)”可知，文章强调了给孩子读睡前故事的诸多好处，并没有说父母累了或忙了就不需要读，这种说法与文意不符。故选B。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“It helps to develop children’s imagination. (它有助于培养孩子的想象力。)”、第四段“Reading also improves your children’s language. (阅读也能提高孩子的语言能力。)”以及第五段“Reading books makes people more learned. (读书使人更加博学。)”可知，文中提到了发展想象力、提高语言能力等优点，未提及保持健康。故选D。 【60题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章论述了给孩子读睡前故事的诸多好处，Advantages of Reading Bedtime stories这个标题能很好地概括文章主旨。故选C。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $