专题05 词汇与语法（动词的时态语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词）-【山西省对口升学】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 山西省对口升学2022-2026年英语真题分类汇编（专题05词汇与语法），聚焦动词时态语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词三大核心考点，精选五年真题，适配中职高考语法专项复习。 **题型特征** |题型|题量|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|----|----------|----------| |选择题|28题|时态语态含一般过去时被动（2026年“was built”）、现在完成时（2023年“have been”）等；主谓一致涉及“as well as”“neither...nor”（2025年）；非谓语动词含“mind opening”（2026年）、“prefer to stay...rather than go”（2026年）等|五年真题分类汇编，聚焦高频考点，语境化考查语法应用，贴合中职高考命题趋势|

【山西省对口升学】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编 专题05 词汇与语法 （动词的时态语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握主谓一致，非谓语动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态语态 2026年 1. A new cinema ________ in our city three months ago. A. is built B. was built C. were built D. does build 【答案】B 【详解】句意：三个月前，我们城市建了一家新电影院。 根据句中的时间状语“three months ago”可知，句子时态应为一般过去时；主语A new cinema与动词build之间是被动关系，需使用被动语态，结构为was /were+过去分词，主语是单数，be动词应用was。 2. This is the first time that they ________ my hometown. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是他们第一次参观我的家乡。 固定句型This is the first time that ...意为“这是第一次……”，that引导的从句谓语动词需使用现在完成时。主语they为复数，故谓语动词用have visited。 2025年 1. As he ________ the text, he can’t tell you what he thinks of it. A. is not reading B. does not read C. did not read D. has not read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：因为他还没读过这篇文章，所以他无法告诉你他的看法。 根据“he can’t tell you what he thinks of it”可知，他目前无法给出评价，原因是到现在为止还没有读过。强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。 2. The book which was written by a famous author last year ________ by many people now! A. was read B. was being read C. is read D. is being read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这本由一位著名作家去年写的书现在正被许多人阅读！ 根据主句时间状语now可知，此处表示现在正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，即is being read。 3. He told us that he ________ the well-known ancient town the next day. A. will visit B. had visited C. would visit D. has visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他告诉我们他第二天要去参观那个著名的古镇。that引导的是宾语从句，主句told是一般过去时，从句时间状语the next day表将来，即过去的将来，因此应用过去将来时would visit。 2024年 1. It was the first time that he ______her since last meeting in town. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. was seeing 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：这是自上次在城里见面以来他第一次见到她。“It was the first time that...”这个句型中，从句通常使用过去完成时，过去完成时表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作，其结构为：had done。故选B。 2. The speaker said that light ______much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. has travelled 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：演讲者说，光比声音传播快得多。分析句子可知，该句包含宾语从句，从句部分light...much faster than sound表示客观真理，其时态不受主句时态限制，用一般现在时，从句主语light是第三人称单数，动词用travels。故选C。 2023年 1. This is the first time that I ________ away from my family for such a long time. A. am B. was C. have been D. had been 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。根据This is the first time可知，此处意为“到现在为止是第一次”，表示状态持续到现在，用现在完成时。故选C。 2. Mary is a kind girl and she often ________ us learn English. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般现在时及主谓一致。句意：玛丽是一个善良的女孩，她经常帮助我们学习英语。分析句子可知，本句为and连接的并列举；根据前一句的“is”和本句的“often”可知，此句为一般现在时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，“help”的第三人称单数形式是“helps”。故选C。 2022年 1. Eva told the news to everybody she ________. A. sees B. see C. to see D. saw 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：伊娃把这个消息告诉了她见到的每一个人。根据told是tell 的过去式可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“she ...”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词everybody，从句描述的动作（“看见”）发生在主句动作（told）的同时或之前，因此从句动词需用过去式以保持时态一致，saw是see的过去式，故选D。 2. It ________long before the meeting begins. A. is B. will not be C. is to be D. will not have been 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时和时间状语从句。句意：会议不久就要开始了。在这个句子中，表达的是在会议开始之前不会很长时间了。时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时（begins）代替一般将来时，主句要用一般将来时。be动词的一般将来时为will be，否定为will not be，“It will not be long before...”是一个固定句型，意思是“不久就……；很快就会……”。故选B。 考向02 主谓一致 2025年 1. She, as well as her classmates, ________ English. A. like B. likes C. have liked D. liking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她，以及她的同学们，都喜欢英语。 当主语后面跟有as well as，with，together with，besides等连接的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与其前面的主语保持一致，本句的主语是She，为第三人称单数，且句子陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，因此谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式likes。 2. Neither the students nor the teacher ________ willing to give up easily since they have been working on the project for a long time. A. are B. is C. will be D. have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：既然他们在这个项目上已经工作了很长时间，无论是学生们还是老师都不愿意轻易放弃。 neither ... nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，即与靠近谓语动词的主语在人称和数上保持一致。本句中靠近谓语动词的主语是the teacher，为第三人称单数，且结合从句时态可知，主句描述的是现在的状态，故谓语动词应用单数形式is。 2023年 1. Either you or Andrew ________ the award to the winner at the ceremony. A. are presented B. are to present C. are presenting D. is to present 【答案】D 【详解】考查主谓一致及非谓语动词。句意：你或安德鲁将在颁奖典礼上向获奖者颁发奖项。“either... or...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”，即与 or 后面的主语保持一致，在“Either you or Andrew”中，Andrew是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式is；“be to do sth.”表示“按计划或安排要做某事”。故选D。 2022年 1. Either you or Vicky ________to work as the chairperson of the meeting. A. are B. is C. will be D. have 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和不定式。句意：你或者维姬将担任会议的主席。“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、安排、决定将要发生的动作，“either…or”连接并列主语时，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词的数应与最靠近它的主语保持一致，Vicky为第三人称单数，故用is。故选B。 2. Neither of the answers ________ correct. A. are B. will be C. is D. to be 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这两个答案都不正确。“neither of + 可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，所以be动词用is。故选C。 考向03 非谓语动词 2026年 1. It’s too hot in the classroom. Would you mind my ________ the window? A. opening B. open C. to open D. opened 【答案】A 【详解】句意：教室里太热了。你介意我打开窗户吗？ 固定搭配 mind doing sth. 意为“介意做某事”，其动名词的逻辑主语可以用形容词性物主代词表示，构成 mind one’s doing sth. 句型，意为“介意某人做某事”。 2. He prefers ________ at home rather than ________ to the library. A. to stay; to go B. stay; go C. to stay; go D. stay; to go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他宁愿待在家里也不愿去图书馆。 prefer to do sth rather than do sth意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，第一个空填to stay，第二个空填go。 3. Don’t forget ________ off the light when you go out A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. is turning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你出去的时候，别忘了关灯。 根据句意，是提醒对方出去时不要忘记去关灯，关灯的动作尚未发生，用法为forget to do sth意为“忘记要做某事”，使用动词不定式to turn。 4. It’s no use ________ about the past, we need to move forward. A. to talk B. talking C. to talking D. talks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谈论过去是没有用的，我们需要向前看。 “It is no use doing sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事是没有用的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。 2025年 1. Tom wanted to choose the right place ________ during his holiday. A. visited B. to visit C. visiting D. visits 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆想在假期选择一个合适的地方去游览。 分析句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语a right place。 2023年 1. We’ll be free tomorrow, so I suggest ________ the history museum. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. will visit 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们明天有空，所以我建议去参观历史博物馆。suggest doing sth. 是固定用法，表示“建议做某事”，所以这里应该用visiting。故选B。 2. The president arrived, ________ by personal body guard. A is followed B. followed C. follow D. following 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统到了，身后跟着保镖。分析句子可知，follow是非谓语动词，作状语，与主语the president是被动关系，表示“总统被保镖跟着”，应用过去分词followed。故选B。 3. I’d like ________ some bananas and oranges. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想买一些香蕉和橘子。“would like to do sth.”是固定用法，意思是“想要做某事”，所以这里要用“to buy”。故选C。 2022年 1. They enjoy themselves ________ the new songs after class. A. to see B. singing C. to singing D. sing 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下课后他们唱新歌，玩得很开心。固定短语enjoy oneself (in) doing sth.意为“做某事很开心”，所以空处应用动名词singing作宾语。故选B。 2. They do not know how ________ the machine. A. used B. use C. to use D. be used 【答案】C 【详解】考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。句意：他们不知道如何使用这台机器。分析句子结构及选项可知，此处为“疑问词（how）+不定式”结构作宾语，表示“如何做某事”。故选C。 3. The girl always has many questions________. A. ask B. be asked C. asking D. to ask 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩总是有很多问题要问。has是谓语，“have sth. to do”是固定结构，意为“有某事要做”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选D。 4. Do not leave your friend ________ there. A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要让你的朋友一直站在那里。固定用法“leave sb.doing sth.”意为“让某人一直做某事”，所以横线上应是现在分词作宾补。故选B。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【山西省对口升学】五年（2022-2026）英语真题分类汇编 专题05 词汇与语法 （动词的时态语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词） 1. 判断句子的时态，并掌握常见动词时态的构成； 2. 辨析相似动词时态的构成，并准确使用； 3. 掌握被动语态的简单形式，并能与时态区分开来； 4. 掌握主谓一致，非谓语动词的常见用法及考法。 考向01 动词的时态语态 2026年 1. A new cinema ________ in our city three months ago. A. is built B. was built C. were built D. does build 2. This is the first time that they ________ my hometown. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited 2025年 1. As he ________ the text, he can’t tell you what he thinks of it. A. is not reading B. does not read C. did not read D. has not read 2. The book which was written by a famous author last year ________ by many people now! A. was read B. was being read C. is read D. is being read 3. He told us that he ________ the well-known ancient town the next day. A. will visit B. had visited C. would visit D. has visited 2024年 1. It was the first time that he ______her since last meeting in town. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. was seeing 2. The speaker said that light ______much faster than sound. A. traveled B. will travel C. travels D. has travelled 2023年 1. This is the first time that I ________ away from my family for such a long time. A. am B. was C. have been D. had been 2. Mary is a kind girl and she often ________ us learn English. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped 2022年 1. Eva told the news to everybody she ________. A. sees B. see C. to see D. saw 2. It ________long before the meeting begins. A. is B. will not be C. is to be D. will not have been 考向02 主谓一致 2025年 1. She, as well as her classmates, ________ English. A. like B. likes C. have liked D. liking 2. Neither the students nor the teacher ________ willing to give up easily since they have been working on the project for a long time. A. are B. is C. will be D. have 2023年 1. Either you or Andrew ________ the award to the winner at the ceremony. A. are presented B. are to present C. are presenting D. is to present 2022年 1. Either you or Vicky ________to work as the chairperson of the meeting. A. are B. is C. will be D. have 2. Neither of the answers ________ correct. A. are B. will be C. is D. to be 考向03 非谓语动词 2026年 1. It’s too hot in the classroom. Would you mind my ________ the window? A. opening B. open C. to open D. opened 2. He prefers ________ at home rather than ________ to the library. A. to stay; to go B. stay; go C. to stay; go D. stay; to go 3. Don’t forget ________ off the light when you go out A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. is turning 4. It’s no use ________ about the past, we need to move forward. A. to talk B. talking C. to talking D. talks 2025年 1. Tom wanted to choose the right place ________ during his holiday. A. visited B. to visit C. visiting D. visits 2023年 1. We’ll be free tomorrow, so I suggest ________ the history museum. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. will visit 2. The president arrived, ________ by personal body guard. A is followed B. followed C. follow D. following 3. I’d like ________ some bananas and oranges. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 2022年 1. They enjoy themselves ________ the new songs after class. A. to see B. singing C. to singing D. sing 2. They do not know how ________ the machine. A. used B. use C. to use D. be used 3. The girl always has many questions________. A. ask B. be asked C. asking D. to ask 4. Do not leave your friend ________ there. A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $