2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册专项语法1 名词（七升八暑假衔接训练）

**基本信息** 本专项以名词分类为起点，通过“测试-知识-应用”三阶训练，系统构建单复数变化、所有格、定语用法的方法体系，强化语言理解与表达能力，培养分析推断的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |课前测试|10单选+5填空|单复数辨析、所有格基础应用|以题引知，暴露认知盲区| |知识脉络|分类-单复数-所有格-定语|规则变化口诀（s/sh/ch+es等）、不规则变化清单（foot-feet等）、所有格三类型（'s/of/双重）|从概念分类到形态变化，再到语法功能，形成“概念-规则-应用”闭环| |课堂测试|22复数+20单选+5填空|名词作定语三原则（单数/复数/man-woman变化）、不可数名词量词搭配|针对高频考点（如并列所有格、单复数同形）强化训练| |题型训练|4看图写句+2完形|语境中名词综合运用技巧|从基础到综合，提升语言应用与思维迁移能力|

Lesson One 名词专题 【课前测试】 ■单选题 1. My little brother washes his ______ every morning. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets 2. There is some ______ on the plate. A. strawberry B. egg C. beef D. orange 3. There are some ______ and ______ on the shelf. A. zoos, videos B. zooes, videos C. zoos, videoes D. zooes, videoes 4. The famous ______ plays the ______ beautifully. A. violinist, violin B. violin, violinist C. violinist, violinist D. violin, violin 5. When does Tom ______ every evening? A. do his homework B. does his homework C. do his homeworks D. does his homeworks 6. —How long is the trip to the park? —It’s about ______. A. 15 minutes ride B. 15 minutes’ ride C. 15 minute’s ride D. 15 minutes’s ride 7. —Most of the water ______ clean in this lake. —But most of the boats ______ old here. A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are 8. Does your sister wear ______ at work? A. uniform B. an uniform C. a uniform D. two uniform 9. This ______ bird is ______ noisy. A. kind of, kind of B. a kind of, a kind of C. kinds of, kind of D. kind of, a kind of 10. ______ have long trunks and big ears. A. Koalas B. Lions C. Elephants D. Pandas ■填空题 1. This is ________________________________ (我哥哥的书桌). 2. They are ________________________________ (Tom 和 Jack 的妈妈). 3. It’s ________________________________ (元旦) on January 1st. 4. Are these ________________________________ (女孩们的铅笔盒)? 5. I sent a card to my grandma on ________________________________ (父亲节). 【知识脉络】 个体名词（有单数及复数行的名词，如book） 可数名词 名词分类 集体名词（没有单数形式，如people, clothes） 物质名词（water, air） 不可数名词 抽象名词（health, love） 1.x, s, sh, ch等结尾的名词变复数，+es； 2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变复数，变y为i，再+es； 可数名词单复数 （注意：“原音字母+y”结尾的名词直接+s） 规则变化 3.o结尾的名词变复数，有生命+es，无生命+s； 4.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数，f或fe变为v，再+es； 可数名词 1.常用的不规则变化名词； 2.表示“各国人”的单复数变化； 可数名词单复数 3.单复数同形的名词； 不规则变化 4.集体名词； 5.其他 常用量词 常用不可数名词 不可数名词 常用量词 ①区分“’s”结构与“s’”结构 1.加“’s”构成的名词所有格 ②区分“A’s and B’s”和“A and B’s”结构 ③“’s”其他的用法 名词所有格 2.用of短语表示的所有格 3.双重所有格：名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格 1.名词单数作定语的用法 名词做定语 2.man, woman作定语的用法 3.名词复数作定语的用法 【课堂测试】 ■写出复数形式 sheep child boy bus Canadian family tooth piano Englishman tomato wife man box watch city woman knife child a woman nurse a toy car a man driver a book store ■单选题 1. Lily is one of the English ______ in our class. A. girl B. girls C. girles 2. A dog has four ______, right? A. foots B. feet C. feets 3. There are two ______ and four ______ in the hotel. A. Canadian, Chinese B. Canadians, Chinese C. Canadians, Chineses 4. Can you see seven ______ in the river? A. sheep B. pen C. duck 5. The ______ has three ______. A. girl, box B. girl, boxes C. girls, box 6. The ______ are visiting our city now. A. French B. Frenchmans C. Frenchmen 7. The boy cleans his ______ before breakfast every day. A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths 8. The ______ of the maple turn red in autumn. A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves 9. Our school needs three ______ teachers, Mr. Wang. You can ask your daughter to apply. A. women B. man C. men 10. —Miss Li always has ______ to tell us. —That’s true. A. some good pieces of advice B. some pieces of good advice C. some good piece of advice D. some piece of good advice 11. —What’s your favorite food? —I like ______ best. I ate two bowls yesterday. A. egg noodle B. eggs noodles C. egg noodles D. eggs noodle 12. —Can I help you? —I want a cup of orange juice, some bread and ______. A. some ducks B. any ducks C. some duck D. any duck 13. ______ bikes are broken, so they take the bus to school. A. Bob and Bill’s B. Bob’s and Bill’s C. Bob and Bill D. Bob’s and Bill 14. —Whose classroom is this? —It’s ______. A. Ann and Kate B. Ann and Kate’s C. Ann’s and Kate’s D. Ann’s and Kate 15. I met some ______ and ______ shopping last Sunday. A. Germen, Frenchmans B. Germans, Frenchmen C. Germans, Frenchmans D. Germen, Frenchmen 16. Eating more fruit is good for us. I often eat apples, bananas and ______. A. mango B. mangoes C. mangos D. potato 17. —How far is the supermarket? —It’s about ______ walk. A. eight minute’s B. eight minutes’ C. eight-minutes D. eight minutes 18. Today is March 8th. It’s ______ Day. A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s 19. —What would you like to buy? —I’d like ______ for my two cousins. A. three pair of trousers B. three pairs of trouser C. three pair of trouser D. three pairs of trousers 20. There are thirty ______ in Grade Seven. A. boy students B. boy student C. boys students D. boys student ■填空题 1. We have fun on ________________________________ (儿童节). 2. This is not ________________________________ (汤姆和迈克的书房). 3. Here are ________________________________ (三条有用的消息) for you. 4. Mr. Li is ________________________________ (我妈妈的一位老同学). 5. We need ________________________________ (三张世界地图) in the office. 【题型训练】 ■看图写句 1. usually, after class 2. enjoy, a lot 3. write, at the moment 4. look, swim ■完形阅读 A篇 Every school has its own rules. How many 1 are there in your school? At some schools, students 2 to wear school uniforms on weekdays. But many students hate uniforms. They think uniforms are the ugliest 3 in the world. Schools don’t let students wear 4 own clothes at school. So some students draw cartoons or pop stars on their 5 . They feel it is very 6 to wear the same clothes every day. It’s unfair that teachers and students dress 7 . But most students still 8 the school rules. What do you think 9 this rule? Do you 10 your school uniform? （ ）1. A. students B. rules C. rulers （ ）2. A. must B. should C. have （ ）3. A. clothes B. coats C. cloth （ ）4. A. their B. they C. themselves （ ）5. A. schoolbags B. textbooks C. uniforms （ ）6. A. bored B. boring C. interesting （ ）7. A. differently B. the same C. same （ ）8. A. obey B. agree C. listen to （ ）9. A. of B. about C. for （ ）10. A. like B. wash C. put on B篇 Mark lives in a small village. It rains heavily almost every day. His father dislikes this wet weather. Luckily, his father gets a new job in a big town, and they move there together. Their new house has a small garden, and Mark is not happy. “Is there a lake near here?” he asks his mom on the first morning. His mom says, “No lake, but there is a nice park nearby with a pool inside. We can go there this afternoon.” Mark feels excited now. After lunch, Mark and his mom go to the park. Mark wants to walk beside the pool, but there is a warning sign in front of it. His mom reads it out: “Warning: This pool is dangerous. 245 people fell into it.” Mark looks carefully into the pool and says, “But I can’t see those people at all.” 1. What’s the weather like in the village? A. Very warm B. It rains a lot C. It’s sunny every day D. There are many cats and dogs there 2. Where does Mark’s father work now? A. In the village B. In a big town C. In a small town D. In a park 3. What is near Mark’s new house? A. A lake B. A garden C. A zoo D. A park 4. Who goes to the park with Mark? A. His dad B. His mom C. His teacher D. 245 people 5. Why can’t Mark see the people in the pool? A. He is too short B. There are no people in the pool C. His mom stops him from looking D. Mark has bad eyesight Lesson One 名词专题（解析版） 【课前测试】 单选题 1.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核名词不规则复数变化。foot表示“脚”，复数形式为feet，不存在foots和feets的写法，故选C。 2.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核可数名词与不可数名词辨析。some后可接不可数名词或可数名词复数，strawberry、egg、orange均为可数名词单数，beef牛肉是不可数名词，故选C。 3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核可数名词复数规则变化。zoo和video都是元音字母o结尾，变复数直接加s，复数形式为zoos、videos，故选A。 4.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核词义辨析。violinist意为小提琴演奏家，violin意为小提琴，句意：这位著名的小提琴家小提琴拉得很好，故选A。 5.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核助动词用法与不可数名词。助动词does后接动词原形do；homework作业为不可数名词，无复数形式homeworks，故选A。 6.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核名词所有格的用法。本句表示“大概15分钟的车程”，15分钟译为fifteen minutes，以s结尾的复数名词变所有格只需在末尾加’，即15 minutes’，故选B。 7.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核主谓一致。water水是不可数名词，谓语动词用is；boats船是可数名词复数，谓语动词用are，故选B。 8.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核冠词用法。uniform发音以辅音音素开头，前面要用不定冠词a，a uniform表示一套制服，故选C。 9.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核短语辨析。kinds of意为“各种各样的”，kind of意为“有点儿，稍微”，句意：这种鸟儿有点吵闹，故选C。 10.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核名词词义辨析。elephants大象有着长长的象鼻和大耳朵，koalas考拉、lions狮子、pandas熊猫均不符合句意，故选C。 填空题 1.【答案】my brother’s desk 【解析】本题考核单数名词所有格。表示“我哥哥的”，单数名词brother后加’s构成所有格，故填my brother’s desk。 2.【答案】Tom’s and Jack’s mothers 【解析】本题考核并列名词所有格。表示两人各自的妈妈，需要在两个人名后分别加’s，且mother变为复数mothers。 3.【答案】New Year’s Day 【解析】本题考核节日类名词所有格。元旦为固定节日表达New Year’s Day。 4.【答案】the girls’ pencil boxes 【解析】本题考核复数名词所有格。girls是以s结尾的复数名词，所有格直接加’；pencil box变为复数pencil boxes。 5.【答案】Father’s Day 【解析】本题考核节日类名词所有格。父亲节固定表达为Father’s Day。 写出复数形式 1.【答案】sheep 【解析】本题考核特殊名词复数。sheep属于单复数同形名词，复数形式不变。 2.【答案】children 【解析】本题考核不规则名词复数。child复数为特殊变化children。 3.【答案】boys 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。元音字母+y结尾，变复数直接加s。 4.【答案】buses 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。s结尾的名词变复数加es。 5.【答案】Canadians 【解析】本题考核普通名词复数。Canadian变复数直接加s。 6.【答案】families 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es。 7.【答案】teeth 【解析】本题考核不规则名词复数。tooth牙齿为不规则变化，复数是teeth。 8.【答案】pianos 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。无生命的o结尾名词，变复数直接加s。 9.【答案】Englishmen 【解析】本题考核合成名词复数。man构成的合成词，复数把man改为men。 10. 【答案】tomatoes 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。有生命的o结尾名词，变复数加es。 11.【答案】wives 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。f/fe结尾名词，变f/fe为v再加es。 12.【答案】men 【解析】本题考核不规则名词复数。man复数是men。 13.【答案】boxes 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。x结尾名词变复数加es。 14.【答案】watches 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。ch结尾名词变复数加es。 15.【答案】cities 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es。 16.【答案】women 【解析】本题考核不规则名词复数。woman复数为women。 17.【答案】knives 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。f结尾名词，变f为v再加es。 18.【答案】children 【解析】本题考核不规则名词复数。child不规则变化，复数为children。 19.【答案】women nurses 【解析】本题考核名词作定语复数。woman作定语，后面名词变复数时，woman也要变为women。 20.【答案】toy cars 【解析】本题考核名词作定语复数。toy作定语不变复数，只把后面名词变复数。 21.【答案】men drivers 【解析】本题考核名词作定语复数。man作定语，后面名词变复数时，man也要变为men。 22.【答案】book stores 【解析】本题考核名词作定语复数。book作定语不变复数，只把store变为stores。 单选题 1.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核固定结构用法。one of后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，故选B。 2.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核名词不规则复数。foot脚的复数形式是feet，故选B。 3.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核各国人名词复数变化。Canadian复数为Canadians，Chinese单复数同形，故选B。 4.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核单复数同形名词。sheep绵羊单复数写法一致，seven后接复数sheep，故选A。 5.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核名词复数与主谓一致。主语girl为单数，three后可数名词box要变为复数boxes，故选B。 6.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核各国人名词复数变化。Frenchman复数形式为Frenchmen，故选C。 7.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核不规则名词复数。tooth牙齿的复数是teeth，故选B。 8.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核名词复数规则变化。leaf叶子变复数要把f改为v再加es，即leaves，故选C。 9.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核名词作定语复数用法。man修饰名词时，后面名词变复数，man也要改为men，故选C。 10.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核不可数名词量词搭配。advice建议为不可数名词，量词piece随数量变化，good修饰advice需后置，故选B。 11.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核名词固定搭配。egg noodles鸡蛋面条为固定搭配，noodles必须用复数形式，故选C。 12.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核名词一词多义。duck表示“鸭肉”时为不可数名词，此处指食物鸭肉，故选C。 13.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核并列名词所有格。Bob’s and Bill’s表示两人各自拥有的物品，后接复数名词，故选B。 14.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核并列名词所有格。Ann and Kate’s表示两人共同拥有一物，只需在最后一个名词后加’s，故选B。 15.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核各国人名词复数变化。German复数是Germans，Frenchman复数是Frenchmen，故选B。 16.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核o结尾名词复数变化。mango芒果变复数考试常用规范形式mangoes，故选B。 17.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核名词所有格的用法。本句表示“大概八分钟的步行路程”，eight minutes是以s结尾的复数短语，所有格只需在末尾加’，即eight minutes’，故选B。 18.【答案】D 【解析】本题考核节日名词所有格。妇女节固定表达Women’s Day，复数名词所有格加’s，故选D。 19.【答案】D 【解析】本题考核复数名词固定搭配。trousers裤子恒用复数，pair随数量变为复数pairs，故选D。 20.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核名词作定语用法。普通名词boy作定语修饰名词时，不需要变复数，故选A。 填空题 1.【答案】Children’s Day 【解析】本题考核节日所有格。儿童节固定规范表达为Children’s Day。 2.【答案】Tom and Mike’s study 【解析】本题考核并列名词所有格。两人共用一个物品，只需在最后一个人名后加’s。 3.【答案】three useful pieces of news 【解析】本题考核不可数名词量词搭配。news为不可数名词，数量借助量词piece表达，三条消息用three pieces of news。 4.【答案】an old classmate of my mother’s 【解析】本题考核名词双重所有格。固定结构“名词+of+名词所有格”，表示“……的其中一位”。 5.【答案】three maps of the world 【解析】本题考核of所有格结构，表示无生命事物的所属关系。 完形阅读A篇 1.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核名词词义辨析。前文提及school rules校规，本句询问学校校规数量，故选B。 2.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核固定搭配。have to为固定搭配意为“不得不”，must、should后不接to，故选C。 3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核名词词义辨析。clothes泛指衣物，学生认为校服不好看，符合语境，故选A。 4.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核物主代词固定搭配。one’s own为固定结构，表示“某人自己的”，故选A。 5.【答案】C 【解析】本题考核上下文语境理解。全文围绕校服展开，学生在校服上涂鸦，故选C。 6.【答案】B 【解析】本题考核形容词辨析。boring修饰事物表“令人无聊的”，bored修饰人，本句形容事情，故选B。 7.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核副词用法。副词differently修饰动词dress，表示师生穿着不一样，故选A。 8.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核固定搭配。obey the rules是固定搭配，意为“遵守规则”，故选A。 9.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核固定句型。think of为固定搭配，表示“认为、看待”，故选A。 10.【答案】A 【解析】本题考核动词词义辨析。本句询问是否喜欢校服，like意为“喜欢”，符合语境，故选A。 B篇 1.【答案】B 【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据原文“It rains heavily almost every day.”可知村庄里经常下雨，It rains a lot表示多雨，故选B。 2.【答案】B 【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据原文“his father gets a new job in a big town”可知马克的爸爸现在在一个大城镇工作，故选B。 3.【答案】D 【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据原文“No lake, but there is a nice park nearby”可知马克新家附近有一个公园，故选D。 4.【答案】B 【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据原文“After lunch, Mark and his mom go to the park.”可知是妈妈和马克一起去公园，故选B。 5.【答案】B 【解析】本题考查推理判断。警示牌上写的是曾经有245人落水，并不是此刻水里有人，所以池塘里其实没有人，马克自然看不到，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $