Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练（暑假单元自测）新八年级英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）

**基本信息** 本单元卷聚焦“自然奇观”主题，整合词汇、语法、语篇能力考查，覆盖黄河、大堡礁等自然与文化素材，适配鲁教版初中英语Unit 4暑假巩固，突出语言能力与文化意识培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇运用|30题|词性转换（如nature→natural）、词义辨析（如“奇观”wonder）|结合“沙漠”“海岸”等主题词汇，强化语言能力| |短文填空|20题|语法应用（时态、介词）、上下文理解|以黄河文明、大堡礁为素材，渗透文化传承| |阅读理解|9题|细节查找、推理判断|选取撒哈拉沙漠、极光等素材，引导自然保护意识，提升思维品质|

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature单元自测（新教材鲁教版） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 一、词汇运用 1．People in the _________ (north) part of China like to eat noodles. 2．The ________ (measure) of this room is 5 meters by 4 meters. 3．The ________ (deep) of the river is over 10 meters in some places. 4．Mount Huang is a _________ (nature) park in China. 5．Please explain the question more ________ so everyone can understand. (simple) 6．It is ________ (risk) to travel alone without telling anyone your plans. 7．The Great Barrier Reef is the ________ (big) coral reef in the world. 8．Many deep-sea animals are ________ (color) and strange. 9．Climbers must deal with thin air, high cliffs and ________ (change) weather. 10．He jumped the ________ (far) among all the students in the sports meeting. 11．There are ________ (hundred) of students in the hall waiting for the performance. 12．After hard work, she works out the problem ________ (success). 13．Paul is good at climbing. He is a great ________ (climb). 14．The __________ (usual) experience in the forest last month made our friendship much stronger. 15．If you practise ________ (dive) every day, you will soon improve. 16．She feels ________ (有活力的) when listening to music. 17．Common sports ________ (包含) basketball, football, volleyball and so on. 18．Playing sports makes me ________ (精力充沛的) than before. 19．Teenagers ________ (超过) 14 must bear criminal liability. 20．To a certain ________ (程度), shopping can reduce stress. 21．We need to make use of different ________ (条件) to realize our dream. 22．In summer, the ________ (池塘) in the wild will be full of frogs. 23．The temperature today is ten degrees ________ (低于) zero. 24．No one can live in the dry ________ (沙漠) for a long time. 25．The Great Wall is a great natural and cultural ________ (奇观) in the world. 26．We can enjoy the view along the ________ (海岸). 27．Many deep-sea animals have ________ (不寻常的) abilities. 28．The Nile River is very important in Egypt’s ________ (文明). 29．The Dead Sea’s ________ (表面) is about 430 metres below sea level. 30．The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in ________ (面积). 二、完成句子 31．珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。 Qomolangma is ________ ________ ________ in the world. 32．黄果树瀑布是中国著名的自然奇观之一。 Huangguoshu Waterfall is one of the famous ________ ________ in China. 33．我喜欢自然奇观胜过城市景观。 I ________ natural wonders ________ city views. 34．数百万游客每年来参观这个瀑布。 ________ ________ tourists come to visit this waterfall every year. 35．我们应该尽力保护自然。 We should ________ ________ ________ to protect nature. 36．死海位于海平面以下约430米。 The Dead Sea is about 430 meters below ________ ________. 37．我们必须不惜一切代价保护濒危动物。 We must protect endangered animals ________ ________ ________. 38．这个小岛只有五平方千米。 The small island is only five ________ ________. 39．大熊猫国家公园只有部分区域对游客开放。 Only ________ ________ the Giant Panda National Park are open to visitors. 40．She is taller than any other girl in her class.（同义句） She is ________ ________ girl in her class. 三、短文填空 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。 The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 41 the mother river of the Chinese. It 42 (start) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 43 (enter) the sea. In ancient times, the river 44 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 45 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canals (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) 46 (build) to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 47 (quick). In modern times, water projects have been built to store water and produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 48 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned. The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 49 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can solve problems with wisdom 50 hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future. Do you love the ocean? Do you want to visit one of the natural 51 (wonder) of the world? If so, come and explore the Great Barrier Reef! Located 52 the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. It is the 53 (big) coral reef in the world. It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and 54 (include) many islands with white sand beaches. The Great Barrier Reef is also alive! 55 you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on Earth. Here, you can swim or dive in the clear water and see coral, plants, and colourful fish. If you dive deeper, you might even see large fish, turtles and sharks. For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime. It is not just a beautiful place, 56 also a home for thousands of marine animals. Every year, millions of tourists come here 57 (enjoy) the beauty of nature. They can experience the blue water by 58 (they). They say it is 59 unforgettable experience that everyone should have at least once. Come and see it for yourself—you will fall in love with this 60 (amaze) world! 四、完形填空 Have you ever heard of the Dead Sea? It’s one of the world’s most amazing places. It isn’t a sea, but a large lake. It sits in the Jordan Valley and is famous for being the lowest point on Earth. The water in the Dead Sea is very salty—almost ten times 61 than regular ocean water. Because of this, fish or plants cannot live in it. That’s 62 people call it the “Dead” Sea. But don’t let the name scare you! The water is so buoyant (有浮力的) that you can float on it 63 . It’s a funny feeling, like lying on an air bed! Many people visit the Dead Sea every year 64 its special mud (泥浆). The mud is rich in minerals and is said to be good for 65 skin. Visitors often cover themselves in the dark mud and then float in the water. It’s a popular 66 to relax. However, the Dead Sea is 67 a problem. It is shrinking (缩小)! The water level is going down by about one meter per year. Scientists say we need to 68 water from other places to save it. If we don’t take action, this natural wonder might one day 69 . The Dead Sea teaches us an important lesson: nature is powerful and beautiful, but also 70 . We should try our best to protect such wonders for our future. 61．A．heavier B．saltier C．sweeter D．cleaner 62．A．what B．why C．when D．where 63．A．easily B．hardly C．difficultly D．sadly 64．A．because of B．instead of C．thanks to D．as for 65．A．his B．her C．our D．their 66．A．way B．idea C．dream D．plan 67．A．facing B．solving C．answering D．breaking 68．A．bring B．take C．borrow D．give 69．A．appear B．disappear C．arrive D．leave 70．A．dangerous B．safe C．weak D．kind The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud (泥) and 71 . About ninety per cent of the mud and sand in the Yellow River 72 the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). A lot of mud and sand goes into the Yellow River 73 it is easy for the rain to wash the Loess Plateau away. The Yellow River starts from the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau. It runs from west to east through nine provinces and 74 runs into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long, and its area 75 about 752,443 square kilometres. It is a natural 76 of China. In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the most 77 birthplace of Chinese civilization. Ancient Chinese people lived by the river. They depended on the water to 78 . Today, the area around the Yellow River is very important for farming. The Yellow River also provides (提供) water for factories and people’s lives. What’s 79 , the Yellow River also plays an important role in Chinese culture. People created a lot of 80 , paintings, and songs about it. The Yellow River is a symbol of Chinese spirit, and we call it our “mother river”. 71．A．water B．fish C．sand D．grass 72．A．turns into B．comes from C．gets across D．looks for 73．A．if B．until C．although D．because 74．A．finally B．simply C．really D．brightly 75．A．moves B．remains C．needs D．covers 76．A．wonder B．problem C．danger D．environment 77．A．difficult B．strange C．important D．unusual 78．A．study B．survive C．manage D．continue 79．A．more B．worse C．less D．better 80．A．awards B．poems C．games D．objects 五、阅读理解 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometers in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of the oldest places in the world. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like — it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures, the desert will keep growing! 81．What does the word “vast” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Very old. B．Very large. C．Very dry. D．Very hot. 82．How old is the Sahara Desert? A．It is also at least 30 million years old. B．It is also at least 9 million years old. C．It is also at least 4.6 million years old. D．It is also at least 2 million years old. 83．According to the passage, which animals can live in the Sahara Desert? A．Camels and dogs. B．Fennec foxes and dogs. C．Camels and fennec foxes. D．Fennec foxes and horses 84．Which of the following statement is right from the passage? A．All deserts in the world are dry and hot, just like the Sahara. B．It is impossible for people to live in the Sahara Desert at all. C．The expansion of the Sahara Desert is completely caused by human activities. D．Some animals in the Sahara Desert have special features to deal with the hot weather. 85．Where is this passage most probably from? A．travel guide B．picture book C．notice D．storybook Our planet is full of amazing natural wonders that show the magic of nature. These wonders are formed over thousands or even millions of years, and they attract millions of visitors every year. Each natural wonder has its own special beauty and story, making them priceless gifts from nature. One of the most famous natural wonders is the Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights. It appears in the sky near the North Pole, with bright colors like green, pink and purple. The lights dance in the sky, creating a wonderful scene. Many people travel to cold places just to see this amazing sight. The Northern Lights are formed by the process of working together between the sun’s particles (粒子) and the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). Another amazing natural wonder is the Victoria Falls. It is located between Zambia and Zimbabwe, and it is one of the largest waterfalls in the world. The water falls down from a high cliff, making a loud noise that can be heard from far away. The mist from the waterfall creates rainbows on sunny days, which makes the scene even more beautiful. Visiting Victoria Falls allows people to feel the power and beauty of nature. These natural wonders are not only beautiful but also important for our planet. They offer homes to many animals and plants, and they help keep the balance of nature. However, many natural wonders are in danger because of pollution and human activities. It’s our duty to protect them so that future generations (一代一代人) can also enjoy their beauty.    86．How does the author start the passage? A．By introducing natural wonders in general. B．By showing two natural wonders at first. C．By talking about his trips. D．By telling how natural wonders form. 87．What does the underlined word “mist” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．a thick and heavy fog B．a strong and cold wind C．small drops of water in the air D．a light and thin cloud 88．What can we infer from the passage? A．Natural wonders are not important for our planet. B．Human activities don’t change natural wonders. C．The Victoria Falls is the largest waterfall in the world. D．We should protect natural wonders for future generations. 89．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Protect Natural Wonders B．Amazing Natural Wonders Around the World C．The Story of Natural Wonders D．Why Natural Wonders Are in Danger 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature单元自测（新教材鲁教版） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 一、词汇运用 1．People in the _________ (north) part of China like to eat noodles. 【答案】northern 【详解】 句意：中国北方地区的人们喜欢吃面条。句中空格后为名词part，需要形容词对其进行修饰限定。所给单词north是方位名词，需要变成形容词，词尾加后缀-ern，意思是北方的，故填northern。 2．The ________ (measure) of this room is 5 meters by 4 meters. 【答案】measurement 【详解】句意：这个房间的尺寸是5米乘4米。句中定冠词the后需接名词，由谓语is为单数可知主语用单数名词；括号内measure的名词形式measurement意为“测量、尺寸”，此处指房间的尺寸数据。故填measurement。 3．The ________ (deep) of the river is over 10 meters in some places. 【答案】depth 【详解】句意：这条河流部分河段的深度超过十米。句中定冠词“The”后需接名词作主语，deep是形容词，意为“深的”，其名词为depth，意为“深度”。 4．Mount Huang is a _________ (nature) park in China. 【答案】natural 【详解】句意：黄山是中国的一个自然公园。根据句子结构，空格处需要形容词修饰名词“park”。“nature”的形容词形式为“natural”，意为“自然的”。故填natural。 5．Please explain the question more ________ so everyone can understand. (simple) 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：请把问题解释得更简单些，以便每个人都能理解。simple“简单的”，形容词，此处应用其副词形式simply，修饰句中动词“explain”。 6．It is ________ (risk) to travel alone without telling anyone your plans. 【答案】risky 【详解】句意：不告诉任何人你的计划就独自旅行是有风险的。此处位于be动词“is”之后，需用形容词作表语。“risk”是名词或动词，其形容词形式是“risky”（有风险的）。应填risky。 7．The Great Barrier Reef is the ________ (big) coral reef in the world. 【答案】biggest 【详解】句意：大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁。根据句中的定冠词“the”以及范围状语“in the world”可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示“最大的”，big 的最高级为biggest。 8．Many deep-sea animals are ________ (color) and strange. 【答案】colorful 【详解】句意：许多深海动物色彩斑斓且形状怪异。color“颜色”，根据“and strange”可知，此处需要一个形容词与“strange”并列作表语，color的形容词形式为colorful，表示“色彩斑斓的”。故填colorful。 9．Climbers must deal with thin air, high cliffs and ________ (change) weather. 【答案】changeable 【详解】句意：登山者必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和变化无常的天气。根据“weather”可知，横线处需填形容词来修饰名词。change“变化”，动词，其形容词形式为changeable，表示“变化无常的”。故填changeable。 10．He jumped the ________ (far) among all the students in the sports meeting. 【答案】farthest 【详解】句意：在运动会上，他在所有学生中跳得最远。“jumped”是动词，此处需用副词修饰；“far”的副词形式是“far”本身，表示“远地”；根据“among all the students”可知，此处用最高级形式，“far”的副词最高级为“farthest”，表示“最远地”，用于具体距离的比较，“jump the farthest”表示“跳得最远”，符合语境。故填farthest。 11．There are ________ (hundred) of students in the hall waiting for the performance. 【答案】hundreds 【详解】句意：大厅里有数百名学生在等待演出。hundred意为“百”，当它前面没有具体数字且后接of时，需用复数形式hundreds，构成固定短语“hundreds of”，表示“数百的、成百上千的”。故填hundreds。 12．After hard work, she works out the problem ________ (success). 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：经过努力工作，她成功地解决了这个问题。空处修饰动词，应用副词successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 13．Paul is good at climbing. He is a great ________ (climb). 【答案】climber 【详解】句意：保罗擅长攀登。他是个很棒的攀登者。根据“He is a great”可知他是一个好的攀登者，climber“攀登者”，a后加可数名词单数。故填climber。 14．The __________ (usual) experience in the forest last month made our friendship much stronger. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：上个月，在森林里不寻常的经历使我们的友谊更加牢固。根据“...made our friendship much stronger.”可知，此处指不寻常的经历，unusual“不同寻常的”。故填unusual。 15．If you practise ________ (dive) every day, you will soon improve. 【答案】diving 【详解】句意：如果你每天练习潜水，你很快就会进步。dive“潜水”，动词，practice doing sth“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填diving。 16．She feels ________ (有活力的) when listening to music. 【答案】 energetic 【详解】句意：她听音乐的时候感觉精力充沛。 “有活力的、精力旺盛的”energetic，形容词，feel是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。 17．Common sports ________ (包含) basketball, football, volleyball and so on. 【答案】 include 【详解】句意：常见的运动包括篮球、足球、排球等等。句中主语“Common sports”为复数形式，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形即可。“包含”对应的英文单词为include，故填include。 18．Playing sports makes me ________ (精力充沛的) than before. 【答案】more energetic 【详解】句意：做运动让我比以前精力更充沛。根据中文提示“精力充沛的”和句中的than，此处需要使用形容词的比较级，“精力充沛的”对应形容词energetic，其比较级是more energetic，符合语境。 19．Teenagers ________ (超过) 14 must bear criminal liability. 【答案】 over 【详解】句意：14岁以上的青少年必须承担刑事责任。“超过”，其英文翻译“over”，介词。结合语句“Teenagers...14 must bear criminal liability.”可知，空格处用于表示年龄“超过”某一数值。 20．To a certain ________ (程度), shopping can reduce stress. 【答案】 degree 【详解】句意：在一定程度上，购物能够减轻压力。根据汉语提示可知，degree“程度”。固定搭配to a certain degree意为“在某种程度上”。 21．We need to make use of different ________ (条件) to realize our dream. 【答案】 conditions 【详解】句意：我们需要利用不同的条件去实现我们的梦想。句中different意为不同的，后面需接可数名词复数形式，condition表示“条件”，复数形式为conditions。 22．In summer, the ________ (池塘) in the wild will be full of frogs. 【答案】 ponds 【详解】句意：在夏天，野外的池塘里满是青蛙。此处需要名词做主语，结合汉语提示，pond表示“池塘”，符合语境，此处表泛指，故使用其复数形式ponds。 23．The temperature today is ten degrees ________ (低于) zero. 【答案】below 【详解】句意：今天的气温是零下十度。提示词中文为“低于”，表示温度在零度以下，英文应用介词below。“ten degrees below zero”是固定表达，意为“零下十度”。 24．No one can live in the dry ________ (沙漠) for a long time. 【答案】desert 【详解】句意：没有人能在干燥的沙漠中生活很长时间。“沙漠”用desert表达，其前有定冠词the，表示特指。 25．The Great Wall is a great natural and cultural ________ (奇观) in the world. 【答案】wonder 【详解】句意：长城是世界上一个伟大的自然和文化奇观。“奇观”用wonder表达，是可数名词，根据不定冠词a可知，应用单数形式wonder。 26．We can enjoy the view along the ________ (海岸). 【答案】coast 【详解】句意：我们可以沿着海岸欣赏风景。根据汉语提示“海岸”可知，对应的英语单词是coast。此处位于定冠词the之后，作介词along的宾语，应用名词形式。故填coast。 27．Many deep-sea animals have ________ (不寻常的) abilities. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：许多深海动物拥有不寻常的能力。“不寻常的”对应的英文单词是unusual，它是一个形容词，在句中修饰名词abilities，所以填unusual。 28．The Nile River is very important in Egypt’s ________ (文明). 【答案】civilization 【详解】句意：尼罗河在埃及的文明中非常重要。“文明”对应的英文表达是civilization，它是一个名词。在该句中，Egypt’s civilization表示“埃及的文明”，这里需要用名词形式来作介词in的宾语。所以横线处应填civilization。 29．The Dead Sea’s ________ (表面) is about 430 metres below sea level. 【答案】surface 【详解】句意：死海的表面比海平面低430米。根据汉语提示可知，surface“表面”。本句的be动词用的是is，且“死海的表面”是一个整体、单一的概念，不需要复数，故填surface。 30．The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in ________ (面积). 【答案】size 【详解】句意：撒哈拉沙漠的面积约为900万平方公里。根据汉语提示可知，size表示“面积；大小”，in size固定搭配，表示“在面积上；在尺寸上”，故填size。 二、完成句子 31．珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。 Qomolangma is ________ ________ ________ in the world. 【答案】 the highest mountain 【详解】原句中“最高的山峰”是关键词，“最高的山峰”用the highest mountain表达，highest是形容词最高级，修饰mountain，形容词的最高级前要加the。 32．黄果树瀑布是中国著名的自然奇观之一。 Huangguoshu Waterfall is one of the famous ________ ________ in China. 【答案】 natural wonders 【详解】句意：黄果树瀑布是中国著名的自然奇观之一。原句中“自然奇观”是关键词：“自然”对应形容词natural，“奇观”对应名词wonder；one of后接可数名词复数，所以wonder变为wonders。 33．我喜欢自然奇观胜过城市景观。 I ________ natural wonders ________ city views. 【答案】 prefer to 【详解】原句中“喜欢……胜过……”是关键词，表示“喜欢……胜过……”的动词短语是prefer...to...。主语是I，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词prefer使用原形。 34．数百万游客每年来参观这个瀑布。 ________ ________ tourists come to visit this waterfall every year. 【答案】 Millions of 【详解】原句中“数百万”是关键词，表示“数百万的”的短语是millions of。本句为一般现在时，短语millions of后接可数名词复数tourists，句首首字母大写。故填Millions；of。 35．我们应该尽力保护自然。 We should ________ ________ ________ to protect nature. 【答案】 try our best 【详解】原句中“尽力”是关键词。“尽力做某事”用固定短语try one’s best to do sth.，主语为We，其对应的形容词性物主代词用our，此处位于情态动词should之后，动词需用原形try，故填try；our；best。 36．死海位于海平面以下约430米。 The Dead Sea is about 430 meters below ________ ________. 【答案】 sea level 【详解】原句中“海平面”是关键词。sea level“海平面”，固定表达，因此填sea；level。 37．我们必须不惜一切代价保护濒危动物。 We must protect endangered animals ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 at all costs 【详解】原句中“不惜一切代价”是关键词，表示“不惜一切代价”的短语是at all costs，在句中作状语。故填at；all；costs。 38．这个小岛只有五平方千米。 The small island is only five ________ ________. 【答案】 square kilometres/kilometers 【详解】原句中“平方千米”是关键词，“平方千米”常见表达为square kilometre/kilometer，因为前面是“five”，所以要用复数形式square kilometres/kilometers。 39．大熊猫国家公园只有部分区域对游客开放。 Only ________ ________ the Giant Panda National Park are open to visitors. 【答案】 parts of 【详解】原句中“……的部分区域”是关键词，“……的部分区域”用parts of...表达，Only parts of the Giant Panda National Park…意为“大熊猫国家公园只有部分区域……”。 40．She is taller than any other girl in her class.（同义句） She is ________ ________ girl in her class. 【答案】 the tallest 【详解】句意：她是班上最高的女孩。原句中“taller than any other girl”表示比其他任何女孩都高，也就是“最高”，所以要用形容词的最高级形式，tall的最高级是tallest，前面需要加定冠词the。 三、短文填空 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。 The Yellow River is the second-longest river in China. It is known 41 the mother river of the Chinese. It 42 (start) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It runs through nine provinces before 43 (enter) the sea. In ancient times, the river 44 (bring) both life and problems. In flood seasons, it often broke 45 (it) banks, while in dry seasons, it sometimes dried up, affecting farming. So people started to find ways to manage it. Yu the Great, instead of blocking floods, dug canals (运河) to guide water away. Later, embankments (堤坝) 46 (build) to control the flow. During the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixun used narrower embankments to wash away sediment (泥沙) 47 (quick). In modern times, water projects have been built to store water and produce electricity. Environmental protection has also been strengthened, such as planting 48 (tree) to reduce soil loss. For over twenty years, the Yellow River has not dried up, and some fish have returned. The story of the Yellow River teaches us the 49 (important) of living in peace with nature. It shows how people can solve problems with wisdom 50 hard work. Today, we must continue to protect this great river for the future. 【答案】 41．as 42．starts 43．entering 44．brought 45．its 46．were built 47．quickly 48．trees 49．importance 50．and 【导语】本文介绍了黄河的基本情况、历史上的水患与治理、现代水利工程与环保措施，以及黄河治理带给我们的启示。 【详解】41．句意：它被誉为中华民族的母亲河。“be known as”为固定短语，意为“被称为”，故填as。 42．句意：它发源于青藏高原。描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，start的第三人称单数为starts。 43．句意：它流经九个省份后入海。介词before后接动名词作宾语，enter的动名词为entering。 44．句意：在古代，这条河既带来生命也带来问题。描述过去的情况，用一般过去时，bring的过去式为brought。 45．句意：在洪水季节，它经常决堤。修饰名词banks，需用形容词性物主代词，it的对应词为its。 46．句意：后来，人们修建了堤坝来控制水流。主语embankments与build之间为被动关系，且描述过去的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填were built。 47．句意：潘季驯使用更窄的堤坝来快速冲刷泥沙。修饰动词wash away，需用副词，quick的副词为quickly。 48．句意：例如种植树木以减少水土流失。tree为可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填trees。 49．句意：黄河的故事教会我们与自然和平共处的重要性。the后接名词，important的名词为importance。 50．句意：它展示了人们如何用智慧和努力解决问题。wisdom与hard work为并列关系，用and连接。 Do you love the ocean? Do you want to visit one of the natural 51 (wonder) of the world? If so, come and explore the Great Barrier Reef! Located 52 the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. It is the 53 (big) coral reef in the world. It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and 54 (include) many islands with white sand beaches. The Great Barrier Reef is also alive! 55 you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on Earth. Here, you can swim or dive in the clear water and see coral, plants, and colourful fish. If you dive deeper, you might even see large fish, turtles and sharks. For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime. It is not just a beautiful place, 56 also a home for thousands of marine animals. Every year, millions of tourists come here 57 (enjoy) the beauty of nature. They can experience the blue water by 58 (they). They say it is 59 unforgettable experience that everyone should have at least once. Come and see it for yourself—you will fall in love with this 60 (amaze) world! 【答案】 51．wonders 52．on 53．biggest 54．includes 55．If 56．but 57．to enjoy 58．themselves 59．an 60．amazing 【导语】本文介绍了澳大利亚的大堡礁，它作为世界自然奇观之一，是世界最大的珊瑚礁，也是众多海洋生物的家园，为热爱海洋的人们提供了难忘的体验。 【详解】51．句意：你想要参观世界自然奇观之一吗？“one of + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，wonder作名词意为“奇观”，需变为复数形式wonders。 52．句意：大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸。“located on the coast of”是固定搭配，表示“位于……海岸”，用on来表示地理位置上的毗邻关系。 53．句意：它是世界上最大的珊瑚礁。“in the world”表示范围，需用形容词最高级，big的最高级为biggest。 54．句意：它占地345000平方公里，包含许多拥有白色沙滩的岛屿。句子主语为it，时态为一般现在时，and连接并列谓语，include需与takes保持一致，用第三人称单数形式includes。 55．句意：如果你参观它，你会看到地球上最大的生物结构。此处引导条件状语从句，用If表示“如果”，遵循“主将从现”的时态规则，符合语境逻辑。 56．句意：它不仅是一个美丽的地方，也是成千上万海洋动物的家园。“not just...but also...”是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。 57．句意：每年，数百万游客来到这里欣赏自然之美。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里”的目的是“欣赏美景”，故用to enjoy。 58．句意：他们可以独自体验这片蓝色的水域。“by oneself”是固定搭配，意为“独自”，主语为they，对应的反身代词为themselves。 59．句意：他们说这是一次每个人至少都应该拥有的难忘经历。“unforgettable experience”是可数名词单数，且unforgettable以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。 60．句意：亲自来看看吧——你会爱上这个令人惊叹的世界的！此处修饰名词world，需用形容词形式，amaze的形容词形式amazing表示“令人惊叹的”，用来描述事物的特征。 四、完形填空 Have you ever heard of the Dead Sea? It’s one of the world’s most amazing places. It isn’t a sea, but a large lake. It sits in the Jordan Valley and is famous for being the lowest point on Earth. The water in the Dead Sea is very salty—almost ten times 61 than regular ocean water. Because of this, fish or plants cannot live in it. That’s 62 people call it the “Dead” Sea. But don’t let the name scare you! The water is so buoyant (有浮力的) that you can float on it 63 . It’s a funny feeling, like lying on an air bed! Many people visit the Dead Sea every year 64 its special mud (泥浆). The mud is rich in minerals and is said to be good for 65 skin. Visitors often cover themselves in the dark mud and then float in the water. It’s a popular 66 to relax. However, the Dead Sea is 67 a problem. It is shrinking (缩小)! The water level is going down by about one meter per year. Scientists say we need to 68 water from other places to save it. If we don’t take action, this natural wonder might one day 69 . The Dead Sea teaches us an important lesson: nature is powerful and beautiful, but also 70 . We should try our best to protect such wonders for our future. 61．A．heavier B．saltier C．sweeter D．cleaner 62．A．what B．why C．when D．where 63．A．easily B．hardly C．difficultly D．sadly 64．A．because of B．instead of C．thanks to D．as for 65．A．his B．her C．our D．their 66．A．way B．idea C．dream D．plan 67．A．facing B．solving C．answering D．breaking 68．A．bring B．take C．borrow D．give 69．A．appear B．disappear C．arrive D．leave 70．A．dangerous B．safe C．weak D．kind 【答案】 61．B 62．B 63．A 64．A 65．C 66．A 67．A 68．A 69．B 70．C 【导语】本文介绍死海的特点与价值，指出其面临缩小危机，呼吁保护自然奇观，强调自然既强大又脆弱，人类应尽力守护未来。 【详解】61．句意：死海的水非常咸——几乎比普通海水咸十倍。 前文提到“The water in the Dead Sea is very salty”，此处用倍数对比说明它比普通海水咸得多。salty“咸的”，其比较级是saltier，符合语境。 62．句意：那就是为什么人们称它为“死海”。 前文提到“鱼或植物无法在其中生存”，这是人们称它为“死海”的原因。“That’s why...”是固定句型，意为“这就是……的原因”。 63．句意：水的浮力非常大，你可以轻松地浮在水面上。 根据前文“水的浮力很大”，以及后文“像躺在气垫床上”的描述，可知浮在水面上是很轻松的。easily“轻松地、容易地”符合语境。 64．句意：每年很多人因为其特殊泥浆游览死海。 后文提到泥浆富含矿物质，对皮肤有益，这是人们来参观的原因。because of“因为、由于”用于引出原因，后接名词或名词短语，符合语境。 65．句意：泥浆富含矿物质，据说对我们的皮肤有益。 根据语境泛指人类包括读者，our体现普遍性。his等指代特定对象，范围过窄。 66．句意：这是一种受欢迎的放松方式。 前文提到游客们会涂满泥浆、在水中漂浮，这是一种放松的方式。way“方式、方法”符合语境，a popular way to relax意为“一种受欢迎的放松方式”。 67．句意：然而，死海正面临一个问题。 后文提到“It is shrinking”，说明死海面临着问题。face a problem是固定搭配，意为“面临问题”，此处用现在进行时facing。 68．句意：科学家说我们需要从其他地方引入水来拯救它。 前文提到死海水位每年下降约1米，因此需要从其他地方引入水源来拯救它。bring water from other places意为“从其他地方引水”，符合语境。 69．句意：如果我们不采取行动，这个自然奇观有一天可能会消失。 前文提到死海正在缩小，如果不采取措施，它最终会消失。disappear“消失”符合语境。 70．句意：死海给我们上了重要的一课：自然是强大而美丽的，但也是脆弱的。 前文提到死海正面临消失的危机，说明自然也有脆弱的一面。weak“脆弱的、易受破坏的”符合语境，与前文的powerful and beautiful形成对比。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud (泥) and 71 . About ninety per cent of the mud and sand in the Yellow River 72 the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). A lot of mud and sand goes into the Yellow River 73 it is easy for the rain to wash the Loess Plateau away. The Yellow River starts from the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau. It runs from west to east through nine provinces and 74 runs into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long, and its area 75 about 752,443 square kilometres. It is a natural 76 of China. In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the most 77 birthplace of Chinese civilization. Ancient Chinese people lived by the river. They depended on the water to 78 . Today, the area around the Yellow River is very important for farming. The Yellow River also provides (提供) water for factories and people’s lives. What’s 79 , the Yellow River also plays an important role in Chinese culture. People created a lot of 80 , paintings, and songs about it. The Yellow River is a symbol of Chinese spirit, and we call it our “mother river”. 71．A．water B．fish C．sand D．grass 72．A．turns into B．comes from C．gets across D．looks for 73．A．if B．until C．although D．because 74．A．finally B．simply C．really D．brightly 75．A．moves B．remains C．needs D．covers 76．A．wonder B．problem C．danger D．environment 77．A．difficult B．strange C．important D．unusual 78．A．study B．survive C．manage D．continue 79．A．more B．worse C．less D．better 80．A．awards B．poems C．games D．objects 【答案】 71．C 72．B 73．D 74．A 75．D 76．A 77．C 78．B 79．A 80．B 【导语】本文介绍了黄河的名称由来、地理特征、历史地位及文化意义，强调了其作为“母亲河”对中国文明的重要性。 【详解】71．句意：它名字里的“黄”来自泥和沙。 根据后文“About ninety per cent of the mud and sand”，可知黄河的“黄”来自泥沙，应选用sand，与 mud 并列，解释名称由来；water“水”、fish“鱼”、grass“草”均与“黄”的成因无关。 72．句意：黄河中约90%的泥沙来自黄土高原。 根据语境，黄河中90%的泥沙来自黄土高原，应选用“comes from”，表示来源；“turns into”意为“变成”、“gets across”意为“穿过”、“looks for”意为“寻找”，均与泥沙来源的语境不符。 73．句意：大量泥沙流入黄河，因为雨水容易冲走黄土。 根据前后句逻辑，大量泥沙进入黄河，因为雨水容易冲刷黄土高原，应选用because，引导原因状语从句；if“如果”、until“直到”、although“虽然”，均无法体现因果关系。 74．句意：它自西向东流经九个省份，最后流入渤海。 根据黄河流程，它自西向东流经九省，最终注入渤海，应选用finally，表示流程的终点；simply“简单地”、really“真正地”、brightly“明亮地”，均与流程逻辑无关。 75．句意：它的流域面积约为752443平方公里。 根据地理常识，黄河流域覆盖约752443平方公里，应选用covers，表示面积范围；moves“移动”、remains“保持”、needs“需要”，均无法与area搭配表示面积。 76．句意：它是中国的一个自然奇观。 根据语境，黄河是中国的自然奇观，应选用wonder，“natural wonder”为固定搭配，意为“自然奇观”；problem“问题”、danger“危险”、environment“环境”，均不符合黄河的正面形象。 77．句意：在中国历史上，黄河是中华文明最重要的发源地。 根据“birthplace of Chinese civilization”，可知黄河是最重要的发源地，应选用important，体现其历史地位；difficult“困难的”、strange“奇怪的”、unusual“不寻常的”，均不符合语境。 78．句意：他们依靠河水生存。 根据前文“Ancient Chinese people lived by the river”，他们依靠河水生存，应选用survive，表示依赖水源维持生命；study“学习”、manage“管理”、continue“继续”，均与生存需求无关。 79．句意：此外，黄河在中国文化中也扮演着重要角色。 根据前文提到黄河的农业、工业作用，后文补充文化意义，是递进关系，应选用more，“What’s more”为固定搭配，意为“此外”；worse“更糟”、less“更少”、better“更好”，均无法构成递进结构。 80．句意：人们创作了许多关于它的诗歌、绘画和歌曲。 根据后文“paintings, and songs”，可知人们创作了很多诗歌、画作和歌曲，应选用poems，与画作、歌曲并列，属于文化创作形式；awards“奖项”、games“游戏”、objects“物品”，均与文化创作语境不符。 五、阅读理解 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometers in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of the oldest places in the world. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like — it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures, the desert will keep growing! 81．What does the word “vast” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Very old. B．Very large. C．Very dry. D．Very hot. 82．How old is the Sahara Desert? A．It is also at least 30 million years old. B．It is also at least 9 million years old. C．It is also at least 4.6 million years old. D．It is also at least 2 million years old. 83．According to the passage, which animals can live in the Sahara Desert? A．Camels and dogs. B．Fennec foxes and dogs. C．Camels and fennec foxes. D．Fennec foxes and horses 84．Which of the following statement is right from the passage? A．All deserts in the world are dry and hot, just like the Sahara. B．It is impossible for people to live in the Sahara Desert at all. C．The expansion of the Sahara Desert is completely caused by human activities. D．Some animals in the Sahara Desert have special features to deal with the hot weather. 85．Where is this passage most probably from? A．travel guide B．picture book C．notice D．storybook 【答案】81．B 82．C 83．C 84．D 85．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠基本概况，以及它的扩张及原因。 【详解】81．根据第一段中“This vast desert... is about 9 million square kilometres in size.”可知，vast用来形容沙漠的面积约为900万平方公里，说明其非常巨大，因此意为“Very large”。 82．根据第一段最后一句“It is also at least 4.6 million years old.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠至少有460万年的历史，直接对应选项C。 83．根据第四段内容“Camels, for example... Fennec foxes live in the desert too.”可知，文中明确列举了骆驼（camels）和耳廓狐（fennec foxes）生活在撒哈拉沙漠。 84．第四段“Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool.”提到动物有适应热天气的能力，如耳廓狐的大耳朵帮助身体保持凉爽。D选项正确。 85．文章详细介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、面积、气候、地貌、生物及现状，旨在向读者全面介绍这一特定地点，符合旅游指南（travel guide）中介绍目的地背景信息的特征。 Our planet is full of amazing natural wonders that show the magic of nature. These wonders are formed over thousands or even millions of years, and they attract millions of visitors every year. Each natural wonder has its own special beauty and story, making them priceless gifts from nature. One of the most famous natural wonders is the Aurora Borealis, also known as the Northern Lights. It appears in the sky near the North Pole, with bright colors like green, pink and purple. The lights dance in the sky, creating a wonderful scene. Many people travel to cold places just to see this amazing sight. The Northern Lights are formed by the process of working together between the sun’s particles (粒子) and the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). Another amazing natural wonder is the Victoria Falls. It is located between Zambia and Zimbabwe, and it is one of the largest waterfalls in the world. The water falls down from a high cliff, making a loud noise that can be heard from far away. The mist from the waterfall creates rainbows on sunny days, which makes the scene even more beautiful. Visiting Victoria Falls allows people to feel the power and beauty of nature. These natural wonders are not only beautiful but also important for our planet. They offer homes to many animals and plants, and they help keep the balance of nature. However, many natural wonders are in danger because of pollution and human activities. It’s our duty to protect them so that future generations (一代一代人) can also enjoy their beauty.    86．How does the author start the passage? A．By introducing natural wonders in general. B．By showing two natural wonders at first. C．By talking about his trips. D．By telling how natural wonders form. 87．What does the underlined word “mist” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．a thick and heavy fog B．a strong and cold wind C．small drops of water in the air D．a light and thin cloud 88．What can we infer from the passage? A．Natural wonders are not important for our planet. B．Human activities don’t change natural wonders. C．The Victoria Falls is the largest waterfall in the world. D．We should protect natural wonders for future generations. 89．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Protect Natural Wonders B．Amazing Natural Wonders Around the World C．The Story of Natural Wonders D．Why Natural Wonders Are in Danger 【答案】86．A 87．C 88．D 89．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界上令人惊叹的自然奇观，以北极光和维多利亚瀑布为例，阐述了它们的独特美景、形成原因，同时强调了自然奇观的重要性以及保护它们的必要性。 【详解】86．文章第一段首句“Our planet is full of amazing natural wonders...”是总体介绍自然奇观的存在、形成时间和吸引力，因此作者是以“总体介绍”开篇。B选项“先展示两个奇观”错误，因为第三段才出现第一个具体例子；C选项“谈论自己的旅行”文中未提及；D选项“讲述如何形成”在开头没有详细解释。故选A。 87．第四段原文：“The mist from the waterfall creates rainbows on sunny days.” 阳光下形成彩虹的是水雾，这是常识知识。因此“mist”指的是空气中的小水滴（水雾）。选项C符合文意。其他选项：thick heavy fog“浓雾过厚”，无法形成彩虹；strong cold wind“强冷风”与彩虹无关；light thin cloud“薄云”与瀑布无关。 88．最后一段明确说：“It’s our duty to protect them so that future generations can also enjoy their beauty.” 由此推断出“我们应该为后代保护自然奇观”。 89．文章开头总起句：“Our planet is full of amazing natural wonders that show the magic of nature.”，后文围绕北极光、维多利亚瀑布等自然奇观展开介绍，因此本文最佳标题是“Amazing Natural Wonders Around the World”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $