内容正文:
外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 Helping out
知识清单默写版
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心短语(必背+易错) 5
(一)必背短语 5
(二)易错短语辨析 7
三、核心句型 7
(一)重点句型(课文原句+结构解析) 7
(二)易错句型提醒 9
四、写作指导 9
(一)单元核心话题 9
(二)高分句式与词组 10
(三)高分词组搭配 11
(四)参考范文 11
(五)万能模板 12
一、核心词汇
1.afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起,付得起;承担得起
课文例句:It just couldn’t _____________ new crayons for every child.
(要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔,医院实在负担不起。)
拓展例句:We can’t _____________ to go on holiday this year.
(今年我们没钱去度假。)
易错点:常与can’t/couldn’t连用,构成can’t afford sth(买不起某物)、can’t afford to do sth(负担不起做某事),不能单独使用。
2.mention /ˈmenʃn/ v. 提到,说起,谈到
课文例句:Why does the writer _____________ “brighter pictures” in the end?
(作者为什么在结尾提到“更明亮的图画”?)
拓展例句:He _____________ your name in the conversation.
(他在谈话中提到了你的名字。)
搭配:mention sth(提到某事);mention doing sth(提到做某事);don’t mention it(不客气)
易错点:名词形式与动词一致,均为mention,无词性变化混淆问题。
3.graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ v. 大学毕业
课文例句:I _____________ from college and became a nurse.
(我大学毕业,成为了一名护士。)
拓展例句:She _____________ from Oxford University last year.
(她去年从牛津大学毕业了。)
搭配:graduate from...(从……毕业);graduate in...(毕业于……专业)
词性拓展:graduation(n. 毕业),graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)。
4.directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 直接地
课文例句:Sometimes writers don’t tell everything _____________ .
(有时候作者不会直接说出所有事情。)
拓展例句:Please speak _____________ to the manager.
(请直接和经理说。)
对应词:direct(adj. 直接的;v. 指导),单元关联词汇。
用法:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,在句中作状语。
5.solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决,解决方法
拓展例句:What’s the best _____________ to this problem?
(这个问题最好的解决方法是什么?)
搭配:a solution to sth(某事的解决方法),固定搭配,to为介词,后接名词或动名词。
易错点:注意拼写,末尾为-tion,不要误写为-sation。
6.exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试
课文例句:Here is my notebook. You must return it after the _____________ .
(这是我的笔记本,考试后你必须还给我。)
拓展例句:She did well in her final _____________ .
(她期末考试考得很好。)
搭配:final exam(期末考试);mid-term exam(期中考试);take an exam(参加考试)
同义替换:test(n. 考试),日常口语和书面语均可通用。
7.flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒,流感
课文例句:She has the _____________ and has to stay at home.
(她得了流感,不得不待在家里。)
拓展例句:He’s in bed with the _____________ .
(他因患流感卧床休息。)
搭配:have the flu(得了流感),固定表达,flu前需加定冠词the。
8.lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj. 运气好的,幸运的
课文例句:Even today, I still feel _____________ to have had such an amazing experience in life.
(即使到今天,我仍然觉得很幸运,能有这样一段奇妙的人生经历。)
拓展例句:You’re _____________ to have such good friends.
(你真幸运,有这么好的朋友。)
副词形式:luckily(adv. 幸运地),常用于句首,修饰整个句子。
反义词:unlucky(adj. 不幸的),前缀un-表否定。
9.crayon /ˈkreɪən/ n. 彩色蜡笔
课文例句:It just couldn’t afford new _____________ for every child.
(要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔,医院实在负担不起。)
搭配:coloured crayons(彩色蜡笔);box of crayons(一盒蜡笔)
10.virus /ˈvaɪərəs/ n. 病毒(课文细节词)
课文例句:Well, crayons may carry _____________ and spread diseases.
(蜡笔可能携带病毒和传播疾病。)
搭配:carry viruses(携带病毒);flu virus(流感病毒)
11.disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望,扫兴,沮丧
拓展例句:To her _____________ , she didn’t get the crayon.
(令她失望的是,她没有得到蜡笔。)
词性拓展:disappoint(v. 使失望);disappointed(adj. 失望的,修饰人);disappointing(adj. 令人失望的,修饰物)
12.X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X光检查
课文例句:It can be boring to wait for _____________ and treatments.
(等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。)
搭配:have an X-ray(做X光检查)
13.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗,诊治;疗法
课文例句:It can be boring to wait for X-rays and _____________ .
(等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。)
拓展例句:The _____________ worked well for her illness.
(这种疗法对她的病效果很好。)
词性拓展:treat(v. 治疗;对待)
14.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 衣袋,口袋
搭配:pocket money(零花钱)
15.illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 病,疾病
课文例句:Because of her _____________ , she couldn’t do chores for money, either.
(由于生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。)
词性拓展:ill(adj. 生病的)
16.public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公众的,大众的
课文例句:Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went _____________ .
(消息传得很快,利娅的故事很快为大家所知。)
搭配:go public(公开);in public(在公共场合)
17.homeless /ˈhəʊmləs/ adj. 无家可归的
词性拓展:home(n. 家)+ -less(无……的)
18.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 士兵,军人
课文例句: _____________ and firemen arrived immediately to help.
(士兵和消防队员立刻赶来帮忙。)
19.warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖
词性拓展:warm(adj. 温暖的)
20.means /miːnz/ n. 手段;方法;工具
课文例句:The work was by no _____________ easy.
(这项工作绝非易事。)
搭配:by no means(绝不);by means of(通过……的方法)
易错点:单复数同形,注意不是mean的复数形式。
二、核心短语(必背+易错)
(一)必背短语
1. lend a helping hand 伸出援手,帮助他人
课文例句:In this unit, let’s explore the meaning of _____________ .
(在本单元,让我们一起探索伸出援手的意义。)
拓展例句:When others are in trouble, we should _____________ .
(当别人遇到困难时,我们应该伸出援手。)
同义替换:give a helping hand,用法完全一致。
2. get through (帮助某人)渡过(难关);(使某人)熬过(困难时期)
课文例句:But colouring has helped her _____________ it.
(但是涂色帮助她熬过了这段痛苦的时期。)
拓展例句:I am sure we will _____________ these challenges.
(我确信我们能够克服这些挑战。)
拓展用法:get through还可表示“接通电话”(I can’t get through to him. 我打不通他的电话。)
3. plan to do sth 计划做某事
课文例句:Leah _____________ 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital.
(利娅计划为医院购买500盒蜡笔。)
拓展例句:When do you _____________ to the supermarket?
(你打算什么时候去超市?)
结构解析:plan后接不定式作宾语,固定搭配,不能接动名词(错误:plan buying)。
4. because of 因为某人/某物
课文例句: _____________ her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either.
(由于生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。)
用法提醒:because of后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子(区别于because)。
5. give up 放弃(做)某事
课文例句:It might sound impossible, but Leah didn’t _____________ .
(这也许听起来不太可能,但是利娅并没有放弃。)
拓展例句:Michael has decided to _____________ football at the end of this season.
(迈克尔已经决定本赛季结束后就不再踢球了。)
搭配:give up doing sth(放弃做某事),固定搭配,up后接动名词。
6. raise money 筹集资金,募捐
课文例句:With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to _____________ .
(在家人和朋友的帮助下,她举办了许多活动来筹集资金。)
搭配:raise money for sth(为某事筹集资金);raise funds(同义短语,更正式)。
拓展:raise还可表示“举起、养育”,如raise one’s hand(举手)、raise a child(养育孩子)。
7. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止
课文例句: _____________ , she has collected 2,675 boxes.
(到目前为止,她已经收集了2675盒蜡笔。)
拓展例句: _____________ she has been very busy with her homework.
(到目前为止,她一直忙着做家庭作业。)
用法提醒:so far常与have/has+过去分词连用,强调从过去持续到现在的动作。
8. make up one’s mind 下定决心,决意
课文例句:So I _____________ to become one of them.
(所以,我下定决心成为他们中的一员。)
搭配:make up one’s mind to do sth(下定决心做某事),one’s随主语变化。
同义替换:decide to do sth(决定做某事);determine to do sth(决心做某事,更正式)。
9. by no means 绝不,一点也不
课文例句:The work was _____________ easy.
(这项工作绝非易事。)
用法提醒:by no means位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装。
同义替换:not at all;in no way。
(二)易错短语辨析
because of vs because
because of:介词短语,后接名词/代词/动名词,不能接句子
Because of her illness, she didn’t go to school.
because:连词,后接完整的句子(主语+谓语)
Because she was ill, she didn’t go to school.
give up doing sth vs stop doing sth
give up doing sth:give up侧重“主动放弃、不再坚持”,语气更强
He gave up smoking last year.
stop doing sth:stop侧重“停止正在做的动作”,语气较中性
He stopped smoking and went back to work.
三、核心句型
(一)重点句型(课文原句+结构解析)
1. 主语 + may/might + 动词原形 + ... 可能……(表不确定推测,语气较弱)
课文原句:Well, crayons _____________ carry viruses and spread diseases.
(蜡笔可能携带病毒和传播疾病。)
结构解析:may表“不确定推测”,可能性较低,后接动词原形;might语气更弱。
仿写:It _____________ rain tomorrow. Let’s bring an umbrella.
(明天可能会下雨。我们带把伞吧。)
2. 主语 + can + 动词原形 + ... 可能……(表客观推测,可能性中等)
课文原句:It _____________ be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
(等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。)
结构解析:can表“客观推测”,可能性中等,指客观上存在某种可能;it为形式主语,真正的主语是to wait for...。
仿写:The weather _____________ be very cold here in winter.
(这里冬天的天气可能会很冷。)
3. 主语 + must + 动词原形 + ... 一定……(表肯定推测,语气强烈)
课文原句:There _____________ be something for me to do.
(一定有我能做的事情。)
结构解析:must表“肯定推测”,语气强烈,只能用于肯定句,否定推测用can’t。
仿写:She _____________ be at home. The light is on.
(她一定在家。灯亮着。)
4. 主语 + can’t + 动词原形 + ... 不可能……(表否定推测,语气强烈)
课文原句:It _____________ be her. She has the flu and has to stay at home.
(不可能是她,她得了流感,不得不待在家里。)
结构解析:can’t表“否定推测”,意为“不可能”。注意:must的否定推测不用mustn’t(mustn’t表“禁止”),而用can’t。
仿写:He _____________ be the thief. He was with me all day.
(他不可能是小偷。他一整天都和我在一起。)
5. May I...? / Can I...? 我可以……吗?(请求许可)
课文原句: _____________ have a purple crayon, please?
(打扰一下,我可以要一支紫色的蜡笔吗?)
结构解析:may用于礼貌地请求许可,语气委婉(适合对长辈、陌生人);can较随意(适合对朋友、同学)。回答:肯定→Yes, you may./Of course.;否定→I’m afraid not.
仿写: _____________ use your dictionary?
(我可以用一下你的字典吗?)
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的(形式主语句型)
课文原句:It was dangerous to climb without oxygen.
(没有氧气的情况下攀登是很危险的。)
结构解析:it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式(to do sth),adj.用于描述动作的性质。
仿写:It is important _____________ others.
(帮助他人是重要的。)
(二)易错句型提醒
1. 推测语气混淆:must(一定)> can(可能)> may(也许),不要把may用于肯定推测。
2. 否定形式错误:must的否定推测不用mustn’t(mustn’t表“禁止”),用can’t(表“不可能”);may的否定推测用may not。
3. 情态动词后接动词原形:must、may、can后均接动词原形,不能接动名词或过去式。
4. 请求许可的语气:对长辈、陌生人用may(更礼貌);对朋友、同学用can(更随意)。
5. must的用法局限:must只能用于肯定句表推测,不能用于否定句和疑问句表推测。
四、写作指导
(一)单元核心话题
本单元围绕“Helping out”(伸出援手)主题,结合课文Leah的故事、善意的循环、动物救助三个语篇素材,可灵活套用。
高频写作题目示例:
1. 假设你是李华,你的朋友在学习上遇到了困难,情绪低落,请你写一篇短文,谈谈你会如何帮助他/她,鼓励他/她不要放弃。
2. 结合本单元Leah的故事,写一篇短文,讲述一次你帮助他人(或被他人帮助)的经历,谈谈你的感受和收获。
3. 如今有许多无家可归的动物,它们处境艰难,请你写一篇短文,呼吁同学们关注并帮助这些动物,说说我们可以做些什么。
写作要求
1. 词数:80-100词(适配初二书面表达要求,中考基础档词数)。
2. 内容:紧扣“帮助”主题,条理清晰,包含“帮助的背景/原因—帮助的过程—感受/收获/呼吁”三个核心部分。
3. 语言:正确使用本单元核心词汇、短语及句型(如afford、give up、raise money、may/can/must表推测、be touched by...等),语法正确,语句通顺。
4. 格式:短文格式,开头点题,中间展开,结尾升华,书写规范。
(二)高分句式与词组
(1)开头句式(点题引入)
1. Helping others is a kind of happiness. (帮助他人是一种快乐。)
2. When someone is in trouble, we should lend a helping hand to him/her.
(当有人遇到困难时,我们应该向他/她伸出援手。)
3. I still remember the experience of being helped by others, which made me feel warm.
(我仍然记得被他人帮助的经历,这让我感到温暖。)
(2)中间句式(描述过程)
1. I decided to help him/her because he/she couldn’t afford to...
(我决定帮助他/她,因为他/她负担不起……)
2. With my help, he/she finally got through the difficulty.
(在我的帮助下,他/她终于渡过了难关。)
3. We planned to hold some activities to raise money for them.
(我们计划举办一些活动为他们筹集资金。)
(3)结尾句式(总结升华)
1. From this experience, I learned that kindness can be passed on.
(从这次经历中,我明白了善意可以传递。)
2. It is our duty to help those in need, and we can make a difference with a little kindness.
(帮助有需要的人是我们的责任,小小的善意就能带来改变。)
3. I hope everyone can offer a helping hand, so that our world will become warmer.
(我希望每个人都能伸出援手,让我们的世界变得更温暖。)
(三)高分词组搭配
lend a helping hand 伸出援手
get through 渡过(难关)
give up 放弃
raise money 筹集资金
make up one’s mind 下定决心
be touched by... 被……感动
can’t afford to do sth 负担不起做某事
take care of 照顾
be shocked to do sth 做某事感到震惊
volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事
(四)参考范文
(1)帮助遇到困难的朋友
Helping Others Is Happiness
Last week, my good friend Lucy was in trouble. She failed her exam and felt very sad, even wanted to give up. I decided to help her get through this difficult time.
First, I talked to her and encouraged her not to give up. Then, I helped her review the important knowledge every afternoon. Besides, I shared my notebook with her and explained the difficult points patiently.
With my help, Lucy made great progress in the next exam. I felt very happy because I helped my friend. I realized that helping others is helping ourselves, and we should always lend a helping hand to those in need.(98词)
(2)一次帮助他人的经历
A Meaningful Experience
I was deeply touched by Leah’s story. It made me think of my experience of helping a homeless old man last month. He had no home and no food, and he felt very lonely.
I gave him some bread and water first. Then, I asked my parents for help, and we took him to a nearby shelter. I also talked to him and listened to his stories. I told him that there are many kind people who are willing to help him.
This experience was very meaningful for me. I felt warm when I saw the old man’s smile. I learned that a little kindness can bring great happiness to others, and we should always keep a kind heart and help those in trouble.(96词)
(3)呼吁帮助无家可归的动物
Help Homeless Animals
Nowadays, there are many homeless animals around us, such as cats and dogs. They have no homes, no food and no medical care, and their life is very hard.
We can do many things to help them. First, we can raise money to buy food and medicine for them. Then, we can volunteer to take care of them in animal shelters. Besides, we can also tell our friends and family to protect animals and not to hurt them.
Animals are our good friends. It is our duty to help them. I hope more people can lend a helping hand to these homeless animals, so that they can live a happy and safe life.(93词)
(五)万能模板
以下模板适用于“帮助他人”类话题,可直接填空套用:
第一段(开头点题,1-2句):
Nowadays, many people/animals need help. / Last week, my friend/classmate was in trouble, so I decided to help him/her. / I was deeply touched by Leah’s story, and I want to share my experience of helping others.
第二段(中间展开,2-3句):
First, I... (措施1). Then, I helped him/her/them... (措施2). Besides, I told him/her/them not to give up. / We can raise money to help them, and we can also... (补充措施).
第三段(结尾升华,1-2句):
After helping him/her/them, I felt very happy. I realized that helping others is helping ourselves. / I hope more people can lend a helping hand to those in need.
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外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 Helping out
知识清单背诵版
目录
一、核心词汇 2
二、核心短语(必背+易错) 5
(一)必背短语 5
(二)易错短语辨析 7
三、核心句型 7
(一)重点句型(课文原句+结构解析) 7
(二)易错句型提醒 9
四、写作指导 9
(一)单元核心话题 9
(二)高分句式与词组 10
(三)高分词组搭配 11
(四)参考范文 11
(五)万能模板 12
一、核心词汇
1.afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起,付得起;承担得起
课文例句:It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child.
(要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔,医院实在负担不起。)
拓展例句:We can’t afford to go on holiday this year.
(今年我们没钱去度假。)
易错点:常与can’t/couldn’t连用,构成can’t afford sth(买不起某物)、can’t afford to do sth(负担不起做某事),不能单独使用。
2.mention /ˈmenʃn/ v. 提到,说起,谈到
课文例句:Why does the writer mention “brighter pictures” in the end?
(作者为什么在结尾提到“更明亮的图画”?)
拓展例句:He mentioned your name in the conversation.
(他在谈话中提到了你的名字。)
搭配:mention sth(提到某事);mention doing sth(提到做某事);don’t mention it(不客气)
易错点:名词形式与动词一致,均为mention,无词性变化混淆问题。
3.graduate /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ v. 大学毕业
课文例句:I graduated from college and became a nurse.
(我大学毕业,成为了一名护士。)
拓展例句:She graduated from Oxford University last year.
(她去年从牛津大学毕业了。)
搭配:graduate from...(从……毕业);graduate in...(毕业于……专业)
词性拓展:graduation(n. 毕业),graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)。
4.directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 直接地
课文例句:Sometimes writers don’t tell everything directly.
(有时候作者不会直接说出所有事情。)
拓展例句:Please speak directly to the manager.
(请直接和经理说。)
对应词:direct(adj. 直接的;v. 指导),单元关联词汇。
用法:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,在句中作状语。
5.solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决,解决方法
拓展例句:What’s the best solution to this problem?
(这个问题最好的解决方法是什么?)
搭配:a solution to sth(某事的解决方法),固定搭配,to为介词,后接名词或动名词。
易错点:注意拼写,末尾为-tion,不要误写为-sation。
6. exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试
课文例句:Here is my notebook. You must return it after the exam.
(这是我的笔记本,考试后你必须还给我。)
拓展例句:She did well in her final exams.
(她期末考试考得很好。)
搭配:final exam(期末考试);mid-term exam(期中考试);take an exam(参加考试)
同义替换:test(n. 考试),日常口语和书面语均可通用。
7.flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒,流感
课文例句:She has the flu and has to stay at home.
(她得了流感,不得不待在家里。)
拓展例句:He’s in bed with the flu.
(他因患流感卧床休息。)
搭配:have the flu(得了流感),固定表达,flu前需加定冠词the。
8.lucky /ˈlʌki/ adj. 运气好的,幸运的
课文例句:Even today, I still feel lucky to have had such an amazing experience in life.
(即使到今天,我仍然觉得很幸运,能有这样一段奇妙的人生经历。)
拓展例句:You’re lucky to have such good friends.
(你真幸运,有这么好的朋友。)
副词形式:luckily(adv. 幸运地),常用于句首,修饰整个句子。
反义词:unlucky(adj. 不幸的),前缀un-表否定。
9.crayon /ˈkreɪən/ n. 彩色蜡笔
课文例句:It just couldn’t afford new crayons for every child.
(要为每个孩子购买新的蜡笔,医院实在负担不起。)
搭配:coloured crayons(彩色蜡笔);box of crayons(一盒蜡笔)
10.virus /ˈvaɪərəs/ n. 病毒
课文例句:Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
(蜡笔可能携带病毒和传播疾病。)
搭配:carry viruses(携带病毒);flu virus(流感病毒)
11.disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 失望,扫兴,沮丧
拓展例句:To her disappointment, she didn’t get the crayon.
(令她失望的是,她没有得到蜡笔。)
词性拓展:disappoint(v. 使失望);disappointed(adj. 失望的,修饰人);disappointing(adj. 令人失望的,修饰物)
12.X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X光检查
课文例句:It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
(等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。)
搭配:have an X-ray(做X光检查)
13.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗,诊治;疗法
课文例句:It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
(等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。)
拓展例句:The treatment worked well for her illness.
(这种疗法对她的病效果很好。)
词性拓展:treat(v. 治疗;对待)
14.pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 衣袋,口袋
搭配:pocket money(零花钱)
15.illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 病,疾病
课文例句:Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either.
(由于生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。)
词性拓展:ill(adj. 生病的)
16. public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公众的,大众的
课文例句:Word spread fast, and Leah’s story went public.
(消息传得很快,利娅的故事很快为大家所知。)
搭配:go public(公开);in public(在公共场合)
17.homeless /ˈhəʊmləs/ adj. 无家可归的
词性拓展:home(n. 家)+ -less(无……的)
18.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə/ n. 士兵,军人
课文例句:Soldiers and firemen arrived immediately to help.
(士兵和消防队员立刻赶来帮忙。)
19.warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖
词性拓展:warm(adj. 温暖的)
20.means /miːnz/ n. 手段;方法;工具
课文例句:The work was by no means easy.(这项工作绝非易事。)
搭配:by no means(绝不);by means of(通过……的方法)
易错点:单复数同形,注意不是mean的复数形式。
二、核心短语(必背+易错)
(一)必背短语
1. lend a helping hand 伸出援手,帮助他人
课文例句:In this unit, let’s explore the meaning of lending a helping hand.
(在本单元,让我们一起探索伸出援手的意义。)
拓展例句:When others are in trouble, we should lend a helping hand.
(当别人遇到困难时,我们应该伸出援手。)
同义替换:give a helping hand,用法完全一致。
2. get through (帮助某人)渡过(难关);(使某人)熬过(困难时期)
课文例句:But colouring has helped her get through it.
(但是涂色帮助她熬过了这段痛苦的时期。)
拓展例句:I am sure we will get through these challenges.
(我确信我们能够克服这些挑战。)
拓展用法:get through还可表示“接通电话”(I can’t get through to him. 我打不通他的电话。)
3. plan to do sth 计划做某事
课文例句:Leah planned to buy 500 boxes of crayons for the hospital.
(利娅计划为医院购买500盒蜡笔。)
拓展例句:When do you plan to go to the supermarket?
(你打算什么时候去超市?)
结构解析:plan后接不定式作宾语,固定搭配,不能接动名词(错误:plan buying)。
4. because of 因为某人/某物
课文例句:Because of her illness, she couldn’t do chores for money, either.
(由于生病,她也不能通过做家务来赚钱。)
用法提醒:because of后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子(区别于because)。
5. give up 放弃(做)某事
课文例句:It might sound impossible, but Leah didn’t give up.
(这也许听起来不太可能,但是利娅并没有放弃。)
拓展例句:Michael has decided to give up football at the end of this season.
(迈克尔已经决定本赛季结束后就不再踢球了。)
搭配:give up doing sth(放弃做某事),固定搭配,up后接动名词。
6. raise money 筹集资金,募捐
课文例句:With the help of her family and friends, she held many activities to raise money.
(在家人和朋友的帮助下,她举办了许多活动来筹集资金。)
搭配:raise money for sth(为某事筹集资金);raise funds(同义短语,更正式)。
拓展:raise还可表示“举起、养育”,如raise one’s hand(举手)、raise a child(养育孩子)。
7. so far 到目前为止,迄今为止
课文例句:So far, she has collected 2,675 boxes.
(到目前为止,她已经收集了2675盒蜡笔。)
拓展例句:So far she has been very busy with her homework.
(到目前为止,她一直忙着做家庭作业。)
用法提醒:so far常与have/has+过去分词连用,强调从过去持续到现在的动作。
8. make up one’s mind 下定决心,决意
课文例句:So I made up my mind to become one of them.
(所以,我下定决心成为他们中的一员。)
搭配:make up one’s mind to do sth(下定决心做某事),one’s随主语变化。
同义替换:decide to do sth(决定做某事);determine to do sth(决心做某事,更正式)。
9. by no means 绝不,一点也不
课文例句:The work was by no means easy.
(这项工作绝非易事。)
用法提醒:by no means位于句首时,句子需用部分倒装。
同义替换:not at all;in no way。
(二)易错短语辨析
because of vs because
because of:介词短语,后接名词/代词/动名词,不能接句子
Because of her illness, she didn’t go to school.
because:连词,后接完整的句子(主语+谓语)
Because she was ill, she didn’t go to school.
give up doing sth vs stop doing sth
give up doing sth:give up侧重“主动放弃、不再坚持”,语气更强
He gave up smoking last year.
stop doing sth:stop侧重“停止正在做的动作”,语气较中性
He stopped smoking and went back to work.
三、核心句型
(一)重点句型(课文原句+结构解析)
1. 主语 + may/might + 动词原形 + ... 可能……(表不确定推测,语气较弱)
课文原句:Well, crayons may carry viruses and spread diseases.
(蜡笔可能携带病毒和传播疾病。)
结构解析:may表“不确定推测”,可能性较低,后接动词原形;might语气更弱。
仿写:It may rain tomorrow. Let’s bring an umbrella.
(明天可能会下雨。我们带把伞吧。)
2. 主语 + can + 动词原形 + ... 可能……(表客观推测,可能性中等)
课文原句:It can be boring to wait for X-rays and treatments.
(等待X光检查和治疗可能会很无聊。)
结构解析:can表“客观推测”,可能性中等,指客观上存在某种可能;it为形式主语,真正的主语是to wait for...。
仿写:The weather can be very cold here in winter.
(这里冬天的天气可能会很冷。)
3. 主语 + must + 动词原形 + ... 一定……(表肯定推测,语气强烈)
课文原句:There must be something for me to do.
(一定有我能做的事情。)
结构解析:must表“肯定推测”,语气强烈,只能用于肯定句,否定推测用can’t。
仿写:She must be at home. The light is on.
(她一定在家。灯亮着。)
4. 主语 + can’t + 动词原形 + ... 不可能……(表否定推测,语气强烈)
课文原句:It can’t be her. She has the flu and has to stay at home.
(不可能是她,她得了流感,不得不待在家里。)
结构解析:can’t表“否定推测”,意为“不可能”。注意:must的否定推测不用mustn’t(mustn’t表“禁止”),而用can’t。
仿写:He can’t be the thief. He was with me all day.
(他不可能是小偷。他一整天都和我在一起。)
5. May I...? / Can I...? 我可以……吗?(请求许可)
课文原句:May I have a purple crayon, please?
(打扰一下,我可以要一支紫色的蜡笔吗?)
结构解析:may用于礼貌地请求许可,语气委婉(适合对长辈、陌生人);can较随意(适合对朋友、同学)。回答:肯定→Yes, you may./Of course.;否定→I’m afraid not.
仿写:May I use your dictionary?
(我可以用一下你的字典吗?)
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的(形式主语句型)
课文原句:It was dangerous to climb without oxygen.
(没有氧气的情况下攀登是很危险的。)
结构解析:it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式(to do sth),adj.用于描述动作的性质。
仿写:It is important to help others.
(帮助他人是重要的。)
(二)易错句型提醒
1. 推测语气混淆:must(一定)> can(可能)> may(也许),不要把may用于肯定推测。
2. 否定形式错误:must的否定推测不用mustn’t(mustn’t表“禁止”),用can’t(表“不可能”);may的否定推测用may not。
3. 情态动词后接动词原形:must、may、can后均接动词原形,不能接动名词或过去式。
4. 请求许可的语气:对长辈、陌生人用may(更礼貌);对朋友、同学用can(更随意)。
5. must的用法局限:must只能用于肯定句表推测,不能用于否定句和疑问句表推测。
四、写作指导
(一)单元核心话题
本单元围绕“Helping out”(伸出援手)主题,结合课文Leah的故事、善意的循环、动物救助三个语篇素材,可灵活套用。
高频写作题目示例:
1. 假设你是李华,你的朋友在学习上遇到了困难,情绪低落,请你写一篇短文,谈谈你会如何帮助他/她,鼓励他/她不要放弃。
2. 结合本单元Leah的故事,写一篇短文,讲述一次你帮助他人(或被他人帮助)的经历,谈谈你的感受和收获。
3. 如今有许多无家可归的动物,它们处境艰难,请你写一篇短文,呼吁同学们关注并帮助这些动物,说说我们可以做些什么。
写作要求
1. 词数:80-100词(适配初二书面表达要求,中考基础档词数)。
2. 内容:紧扣“帮助”主题,条理清晰,包含“帮助的背景/原因—帮助的过程—感受/收获/呼吁”三个核心部分。
3. 语言:正确使用本单元核心词汇、短语及句型(如afford、give up、raise money、may/can/must表推测、be touched by...等),语法正确,语句通顺。
4. 格式:短文格式,开头点题,中间展开,结尾升华,书写规范。
(二)高分句式与词组
(1)开头句式(点题引入)
1. Helping others is a kind of happiness. (帮助他人是一种快乐。)
2. When someone is in trouble, we should lend a helping hand to him/her.
(当有人遇到困难时,我们应该向他/她伸出援手。)
3. I still remember the experience of being helped by others, which made me feel warm.
(我仍然记得被他人帮助的经历,这让我感到温暖。)
(2)中间句式(描述过程)
1. I decided to help him/her because he/she couldn’t afford to...
(我决定帮助他/她,因为他/她负担不起……)
2. With my help, he/she finally got through the difficulty.
(在我的帮助下,他/她终于渡过了难关。)
3. We planned to hold some activities to raise money for them.
(我们计划举办一些活动为他们筹集资金。)
(3)结尾句式(总结升华)
1. From this experience, I learned that kindness can be passed on.
(从这次经历中,我明白了善意可以传递。)
2. It is our duty to help those in need, and we can make a difference with a little kindness.
(帮助有需要的人是我们的责任,小小的善意就能带来改变。)
3. I hope everyone can offer a helping hand, so that our world will become warmer.
(我希望每个人都能伸出援手,让我们的世界变得更温暖。)
(三)高分词组搭配
lend a helping hand 伸出援手
get through 渡过(难关)
give up 放弃
raise money 筹集资金
make up one’s mind 下定决心
be touched by... 被……感动
can’t afford to do sth 负担不起做某事
take care of 照顾
be shocked to do sth 做某事感到震惊
volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事
(四)参考范文
(1)帮助遇到困难的朋友
Helping Others Is Happiness
Last week, my good friend Lucy was in trouble. She failed her exam and felt very sad, even wanted to give up. I decided to help her get through this difficult time.
First, I talked to her and encouraged her not to give up. Then, I helped her review the important knowledge every afternoon. Besides, I shared my notebook with her and explained the difficult points patiently.
With my help, Lucy made great progress in the next exam. I felt very happy because I helped my friend. I realized that helping others is helping ourselves, and we should always lend a helping hand to those in need.(98词)
(2)一次帮助他人的经历
A Meaningful Experience
I was deeply touched by Leah’s story. It made me think of my experience of helping a homeless old man last month. He had no home and no food, and he felt very lonely.
I gave him some bread and water first. Then, I asked my parents for help, and we took him to a nearby shelter. I also talked to him and listened to his stories. I told him that there are many kind people who are willing to help him.
This experience was very meaningful for me. I felt warm when I saw the old man’s smile. I learned that a little kindness can bring great happiness to others, and we should always keep a kind heart and help those in trouble.(96词)
(3)呼吁帮助无家可归的动物
Help Homeless Animals
Nowadays, there are many homeless animals around us, such as cats and dogs. They have no homes, no food and no medical care, and their life is very hard.
We can do many things to help them. First, we can raise money to buy food and medicine for them. Then, we can volunteer to take care of them in animal shelters. Besides, we can also tell our friends and family to protect animals and not to hurt them.
Animals are our good friends. It is our duty to help them. I hope more people can lend a helping hand to these homeless animals, so that they can live a happy and safe life.(93词)
(五)万能模板
以下模板适用于“帮助他人”类话题,可直接填空套用:
第一段(开头点题,1-2句):
Nowadays, many people/animals need help. / Last week, my friend/classmate was in trouble, so I decided to help him/her. / I was deeply touched by Leah’s story, and I want to share my experience of helping others.
第二段(中间展开,2-3句):
First, I... (措施1). Then, I helped him/her/them... (措施2). Besides, I told him/her/them not to give up. / We can raise money to help them, and we can also... (补充措施).
第三段(结尾升华,1-2句):
After helping him/her/them, I felt very happy. I realized that helping others is helping ourselves. / I hope more people can lend a helping hand to those in need.
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