暑假作业12 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 单元核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材人教版

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 一、单词拼写 1．All the fans were ________ (disappoint) because the singer didn’t appear on the stage. 【答案】disappointed 句意：所有粉丝都很失望，因为那位歌手没有登台。句子中were是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语，说明主语“All the fans（所有粉丝）”的感受，动词disappoint的形容词形式中，disappointed表示“感到失望的”，用来描述人的主观感受，此处主语是粉丝（人），所以用disappointed。 2．Many people haven’t understood the ________ (important) of the wetlands. 【答案】importance 句意：很多人还没有意识到湿地的重要性。固定搭配：the importance of…，表示“……”的重要性。 3．Parents and children should have good ________ (communicate) from time to time. 【答案】communication 句意：父母和孩子应该时不时地进行良好的沟通。空格前有形容词good，后接名词作宾语。communicate的名词形式为communication，意为“沟通、交流”，是不可数名词。 4．The boy caught two beautiful ________ (butterfly) and he was very happy. 【答案】butterflies 句意：这个男孩抓到两只漂亮的蝴蝶，他非常开心。 two后接可数名词复数，butterfly的复数形式是butterflies。 故填butterflies。 5．Dongting Lake is the second ________ (large) fresh water lake in China. 【答案】largest 句意：洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。 “the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词”表示“第几……的……”；large的最高级形式为largest，the second largest意为“第二大的”。 6．Coffee is probably the ________(popular) drink in the world. 【答案】 most popular 句意：咖啡或许是世界上最受欢迎的饮品。句中有比较范围in the world，表示在三者或三者以上中进行比较，需要用最高级，popular是多音节形容词（三个音节），最高级在前面加most，构成most popular。 7．Our English class is always ________ (live) because the teacher often plays fun games with us. 【答案】lively 句意：我们的英语课总是生动有趣，因为老师经常和我们玩有趣的游戏。系动词“is”后需要形容词作表语，live“居住”是动词，其形容词形式为lively“生动有趣的”。 8．The neighbours decided to take ________ (act) together to clean up the park. 【答案】action 句意：邻居们决定一起采取行动把公园清理干净。“采取行动”的英文是“take action”，action不可数名词。因此本题答案是“action”。 9．“________ (happy) doesn’t fall from the sky, we should keep working hard to make our dreams come true.” Xi Jingping told Chinese Youth. 【答案】Happiness 句意：习近平对中国青年说：“幸福不是从天上掉下来的，我们应该持续努力，让我们的梦想成真。”根据句子结构，这里需要一个名词作主语，“happy”是形容词，其名词形式是“happiness”，不可数名词，句首首字母大写。 10．Of all the ways to solve the problem, this one is the _________ (bad) 【答案】worst 句意：在所有解决这个问题的方法中，这个是最糟糕的。根据“Of all…”可知，此处是三者及以上进行比较，要用最高级；bad的最高级是worst。 11．Her ________ (imagine) ideas made the science project very special and interesting to watch. 【答案】 imaginative 句意：她富有想象力的想法使这个科学项目变得非常特别和有趣。空处修饰名词ideas，用形容词作定语，imagine“想象”，动词，形容词形式为imaginative“有想象力的”。 12．The volunteers are working hard on the ________ of the environment. (protect) 【答案】protection 句意：志愿者们正在努力致力于环境保护。根据介词“on”和定冠词“the”可知，此处需要填一个名词。“protect”是动词，其名词形式为“protection”。“the protection of the environment”意为“环境保护”。故填protection。 13．The invention of potato chips was ________ (actual) an accident. 【答案】actually 句意：薯片的这项发明实际上是一场意外。根据句子结构可知，was是系动词，an accident是表语（名词短语），句子主系表结构完整。此处空处位于系动词之后、表语之前，起修饰作用，应用副词。actual是形容词，意为“实际的”，其副词形式actually意为“实际上；事实上”，符合语境。故填actually。 14．One of my favourite ________ (book) is Journey to the West. 【答案】books 句意：我最喜欢的书之一是《西游记》。“one of + 形容词最高级 / 形容词性物主代词 + 可数名词复数”是固定用法，意为“最……之一”，因此后面的可数名词必须用复数形式，book“书”，是可数名词，其复数为books。故填books。 15．I feel ________ to my classmates because we always help each other. (connect) 【答案】connected 句意：我觉得和同学们联系紧密，因为我们总是互相帮助。根据“feel”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，connect“联系”，动词，其形容词形式为connected，意为“有联系的，紧密相连的”。feel connected to“感觉与……有联系”。故填connected。 16．Even the ________ (微小的) living beings, we need to respect others. 【答案】 tiny 句意：即使是微小的生物，我们也需要尊重它们。根据汉语提示，tiny“极小的、微小的”，形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词livings。 17．________ (除了) Lu Xun, I also appreciate Lao She. 【答案】 Besides 句意：除鲁迅外，我还欣赏老舍。besides表示 “除……之外（还有），符合句意，句首首字母要大写。 18．Let’s make a promise to see the ________ (海洋) one day. 【答案】sea/ocean 句意：我们约定将来某天一起去看大海吧。此处定冠词the后接名词，sea和ocean都可表示海洋，sea侧重近海、海面，ocean多指大洋，两个单词语法上都成立，故填sea/ocean。 19．I like the ________ (气候) in Bozhou. 【答案】 climate 句意：我喜欢亳州的气候。“气候”对应的英文是climate，在句中作宾语。 20．There is an ________ (蚂蚁) in the bowl. 【答案】ant 句意：碗里有一只蚂蚁。空格前冠词an说明后面要填入以元音音素开头的单数名词，“蚂蚁” 对应的单词是ant，故填ant。 21．________ (人类) beings play an important role in this world. 【答案】 Human 句意：人类在这个世界上扮演着重要角色。“人类”英文表达为human，作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为 humans，此处作定语修饰 beings用单数，并因位于句首首字母大写。故填Human。 22．It’s a ________ (工具) to manage the whole class. 【答案】 tool 句意：它是管理整个班级的一个工具。空前有不定冠词a，后面需要接可数名词单数；“工具”对应的英文单词是tool，故填tool。 23．She has a ________ (精力充沛的)‌ personality—always cheerful, talkative, and full of great ideas. 【答案】lively 句意：她有着精力充沛的性格——总是开朗、健谈，并且充满很棒的想法。“精力充沛的”对应的英文形容词是lively，用来修饰名词personality。 24．I don’t like eating ________ (豌豆)‌ when they’re overcooked and mushy. 【答案】peas 句意：我不喜欢吃煮过头、软烂的豌豆。根据汉语提示“豌豆”和后文的代词they可知，此处需要填可数名词复数形式peas。 25．She was offered the lead ________ (角色)‌ in the new theater production. 【答案】role 句意：她被选中在新舞台剧中担任主角。“角色”可译为role，为可数名词。lead role为固定短语，意为“主角”。 26．The truck was carrying ‌a ________ (吨) of‌ bricks, weighing over two thousand pounds. 【答案】ton 句意：这辆卡车载着‌大量‌砖块，重量超过两千磅。ton“吨”，前面有“a”，用名词单数；‌a ton of‌“大量的”。 27．After the rain, ________ (蘑菇) ‌mushroomed‌ overnight in the garden. 【答案】mushrooms 句意：雨后，花园里的蘑菇一夜之间就长出来了。“蘑菇”对应的英文单词是mushroom，此处表示泛指，用复数形式mushrooms。 28．The book’s ________ (标题)‌ is The Secret Garden, which immediately captures readers’ curiosity. 【答案】title 句意：这本书的标题是《秘密花园》，它立刻吸引了读者的好奇心。根据中文提示“标题”确定对应的英文单词为title。系动词为“is”，且指代具体的书名，提示此处应用名词单数形式。 29．Bees build their ________ (蜂巢)‌ using wax secreted from their bodies. 【答案】honeycombs 句意：蜜蜂用身体分泌的蜂蜡建造它们的蜂巢。蜂巢“honeycomb”，可数名词，此处指蜜蜂群体建造的多个蜂巢结构，用复数形式“honeycombs”，在句中作宾语。 30．Scientists have discovered a new ________ (行星)‌ orbiting a distant star. 【答案】planet 句意：科学家们发现了一颗围绕遥远恒星运行的新行星。空格前有不定冠词a，后面需要接可数名词单数。结合汉语提示“行星” 对应的英文单词是planet。 二、完成句子 31．我们必须停止人们杀害猎豹。 We must _________ people from _________ cheetahs. 【答案】 stop killing 第一空：原句中“停止”是关键词，表示“阻止”的动词是stop。情态动词must后接动词原形。第二空：原句中“杀害”是关键词，表示“杀害”的动词是kill。stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，from为介词，后接动名词killing。 32．李明是我们班最高的学生。 Li Ming is __________ __________ student in our class. 【答案】 the tallest 原句中“最高的”是关键词，形容词tall的最高级形式为tallest，形容词最高级前面必须搭配定冠词the。本句带有范围限定短语in our class，需要使用形容词最高级。 33．They built nature reserves. They wanted to protect giant pandas. (合并为一句) They built nature reserves ________ ________ ________ protect giant pandas. 【答案】 in/so order/as to 句意：他们建立了自然保护区。他们想要保护大熊猫。根据“They built nature reserves. They wanted to protect giant pandas.”，他们建立自然保护区是“为了”保护大熊猫。in order to/so as to“为了”，后接动词原形。 34．‌出于这个原因，许多科学家认为蜜蜂是这个星球上最重要的动物‌。   ________ ________ ________, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet. 【答案】 For this reason 原句中“出于这个原因”是关键词，“出于这个原因”对应的英文For this reason，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。 35．‌事实上，没有它们的工作，世界上大约80%的植物无法生长‌。    In fact, without their work, about 80 ________ ________ of the plants in the world cannot grow. 【答案】 per cent 原句中“百分之”是关键词，英文中表示“百分之”用“per cent”。 36．它们是许多鸟的家乡。     They ________ ________ ________ many birds. 【答案】 are home to 原句中的关键词为“是……的家乡”，“是……的家乡”固定表达为be home to，此处陈述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为“They”，be动词用are。故填are；home；to。 37．‌蜜蜂在我们星球的生态系统中发挥着重要作用‌。    Bees ________ ________ important ________ ________ the ecosystem of our planet. 【答案】 play an part/role in 原句中“在……中发挥着重要作用”是关键词，英文用动词短语play an important part/role in来表达。本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词应使用原形。 38．然而，‌蜜蜂的数量正在下降，科学家们对此感到担忧‌。    However, ________ ________ ________ bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. 【答案】 the number of 原句中“……的数量”是关键词，the number of表示“……的数量”。 39．人们相信，‌明亮的黄色叶子能给他们的内心带来欢乐‌。 People believe the bright yellow leaves can ________ ________ ________ their heart. 【答案】 bring joy to 固定短语bring sth. to sb./sth. 表示“给……带来某物”，对应原句中“给……带来欢乐”的语义。“欢乐”的英文是joy，为不可数名词，作bring的宾语，can后接动词原形。 40．中国人喜爱银杏，因为它是‌希望和长寿的象征‌。 Chinese people love the ginkgo, as it is ________ ________ ________ hope and long life. 【答案】 a symbol of 原句中“……的象征”是关键词，表示“……的象征”的短语是a symbol of，在句中作表语。 三、完形填空 We’re studying birds for Bird Week at school. Some lucky kids got penguins, but I have to write about 1 . On the first day, I watched pigeons in the park. All morning long, they just knocked around and left droppings (粪) everywhere. I thought they were really boring and 2 . When a girl started feeding them, the pigeons flew to her 3 . They looked really scary (吓人的)! On the second day, I did some online research. To 4 surprise, pigeons can recognize (认出) themselves in mirrors. Are they so clever? I decided to go and 5 them again. The next morning, I was back at the park. I saw a pigeon looking at itself in the 6 ! Maybe I was wrong about them. To know more about them, I headed to the library. I 7 that there are over 200 kinds of pigeons. Some can fly thousands of kilometers without 8 . They can fly over 100 km a (an) 9 —as fast as my dad’s car! In the end, I realized pigeons aren’t boring or 10 at all. They’re truly amazing; I just didn’t know enough about them before. 1．A．monkeys B．mice C．pigeons D．elephants 2．A．dirty B．pretty C．sleepy D．sweet 3．A．slowly B．quickly C．softly D．quietly 4．A．their B．your C．my D．his 5．A．eat B．feed C．watch D．buy 6．A．air B．water C．ground D．sky 7．A．found B．advised C．dreamt D．explained 8．A．counting down B．getting lost C．doing exercise D．coming out 9．A．minute B．hour C．day D．week 10．A．happy B．delicious C．humorous D．scary 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文讲述作者学校开展鸟类周学习活动，作者最初觉得鸽子无趣又吓人，深入了解后发现鸽子十分神奇，从而改变对鸽子看法的故事。 1．句意：一些幸运的孩子研究企鹅，但我必须写关于鸽子的内容。 根据下文多次出现的关键词“pigeons”，全文围绕鸽子展开，pigeons“鸽子”符合全文语境。monkeys“猴子”、mice“老鼠”、elephants“大象”，均不符。 2．句意：我觉得它们又无聊又脏。 根据前文鸽子到处乱飞、随处排便的描写，此处是对鸽子的负面评价，dirty“脏的”符合语境。pretty“漂亮的”、sleepy“困倦的”、sweet“可爱的”，均不符。 3．句意：当一个女孩开始喂它们时，鸽子迅速飞向她。 结合生活常识和语境，觅食的鸽子会快速飞过来，quickly“快速地”符合逻辑。slowly“缓慢地”、softly“轻柔地”、quietly“安静地”，均不符。 4．句意：令我惊讶的是，鸽子能在镜子里认出自己。 固定搭配to my surprise表示“令我惊讶的是”，my“我的”符合第一人称叙事语境。their“他们的”、your“你的”、his“他的”，均不符。 5．句意：我决定再次去观察它们。 前文作者近距离观察过鸽子，了解新知识后决定再次观察，watch“观察”符合语境。eat“吃”、feed“喂养”、buy“购买”，均不符。 6．句意：我看见一只鸽子在水中看自己的倒影。 根据前文“recognize themselves in mirrors”（照镜子认自己），只有水面可以形成倒影，water“水”符合语境。air“空气”、ground“地面”、sky“天空”，均不符。 7．句意：我发现世界上有两百多种鸽子。 根据前文作者去图书馆查阅资料的情节，此处指查阅后得知、发现信息，found“发现”符合语境。advised“建议”、dreamt“梦想”、explained“解释”，均不符。 8．句意：有些鸽子可以飞行数千公里而不迷路。 结合鸽子的生活习性，鸽子擅长远距离飞行且不会迷路，getting lost“迷路”符合语境。counting down“倒计时”、doing exercise“锻炼”、coming out“出现”，均不符。 9．句意：它们每小时可以飞行一百多公里，和爸爸的汽车一样快。 结合车速常识，此处描述飞行速度，hour“小时”符合速度单位逻辑。minute“分钟”、day“天”、week“周”，均不符。 10．句意：最后我意识到鸽子一点也不无聊、不吓人。 呼应前文作者觉得鸽子很吓人的内容，scary“吓人的”符合前后文呼应逻辑。happy“开心的”、delicious“美味的”、humorous“幽默的”，均不符。 I’m a little clownfish, and I like to live in coral reefs, but I don’t always stay there.           When I was 1 , I walked slowly in the open ocean for months. When I grew up, I wanted to get back home. But only the reef’s small sound 2 me home. Unluckily, the sea isn’t as 3 as it used to be. Humans make it a noisy place. Their noises are often 4 than the natural ones, so we can’t find our way back easily.                                                               I’m not the only one to suffer (遭受). Deep (深的) underwater, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel 5 . Many of my friends depend on (依靠) their 6 to live. Dolphins call each other by special names, and whales sing beautiful songs. But now, the noise is 7 their lives. So, they swim away from the noise. However, we can hear human-made noise 8 . We have to leave our homes and move to quieter areas. In those areas, we must 9 with others for food and homes. Over time, our 10 get smaller and smaller.    Luckily, I discover humans are taking action to cut down noise. I hope our lives will become better. 1．A．sick B．young C．happy 2．A．guided B．invited C．welcomed 3．A．blue B．beautiful C．peaceful 4．A．louder B．clearer C．closer 5．A．safely B．slowly C．easily 6．A．touching B．hearing C．swimming 7．A．saving B．affecting C．improving 8．A．nowhere B．somewhere C．everywhere 9．A．fight B．compare C．connect 10．A．bodies B．differences C．populations 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文以小丑鱼的第一人称视角，讲述海洋噪音污染对海洋生物导航、生存的影响，以及人类开始采取行动减少噪音。 1．句意：当我年轻的时候，我在开阔的海洋中缓慢游动了几个月。 根据后文“When I grew up”可知，这是讲述小时候的经历。应选用young，表示“年轻的”。sick“生病的”、happy“开心的”，均不符合时间对比的逻辑。 2．句意：但只有礁石微小的声音引导我回家。 根据上文“get back home”及声音的作用，此处表示声音指引方向。应选用guided，表示“引导”。invited“邀请”、welcomed“欢迎”，均不符合。 3．句意：不幸的是，海洋不再像以前那样安静了。 根据下文“Humans make it a noisy place”，说明海洋变得吵闹，以前是安静的。应选用peaceful，表示“安静的”。blue“蓝色”的、beautiful“美丽的”，均不符合。 4．句意：他们的噪音通常比自然的声音更大，所以我们不容易找到回去的路。 根据“noisy”及比较级than，人类制造的噪音更响亮。应选用louder，表示“更响亮的”。clearer“更清晰”、closer“更近”，均不符合。 5．句意：然而，声音很容易传播。 上文说深海光线少，但声音传播情况不同。根据常识及上下文，声音在水中传播容易。应选用easily，表示“容易地”。safely“安全地”、slowly“缓慢地”，均不符合。 6．句意：我的许多朋友依靠听觉生存。 根据上文“Sounds”和下文“Dolphins call each other... whales sing”，说明它们依赖听觉进行交流和生活。应选用hearing，表示“听觉”。touching“触觉”、swimming“游泳”，均不符合。 7．句意：但是现在，噪音正在影响它们的生活。 根据后文“they swim away from the noise”，说明噪音对生活产生了负面作用。应选用affecting，表示“影响”。saving“拯救”、improving“改善”，均不符合。 8．句意：然而，我们到处都能听到人为的噪音。 根据“We have to leave our homes”及上下文，噪音无处不在。应选用everywhere，表示“到处”。nowhere“无处”、somewhere“某处”，均不符合。 9．句意：在这些地区，我们必须与其他生物竞争食物和家园。 根据“with others for food and homes”，表示为了资源而争斗。应选用fight，构成fight with sb. for sth.，意为“为……而与……争斗”。compare“比较”、connect“连接”，均不符合。 10．句意：随着时间的推移，我们的种群数量变得越来越少。 根据上文竞争激烈、栖息地减少，导致种群数量下降。应选用populations，表示“种群数量”。bodies“身体”、differences“差异”，均不符合。 四、阅读理解 After Chinese government made a law on February 24 to stop the hunting of wild animals and people’s game meat consumption (野味消费), Shenzhen City, in southern China’s Guangdong Province, became one of the first places across the country to act. It released a draft (发布草案) the next day. People in Shenzhen were active in discussing it after the draft was released. Some people said the draft would make a lot of restaurants get into trouble. Wang Guohui, head of Rongji, a very popular restaurant in Shenzhen that sells snake meat, said the draft is bad news for the restaurants. He said that Shenzhen has thousands of snake meat restaurants with over 100,000 workers. It will be a serious problem if the draft is carried out (实施). In order to learn about people’s ideas, there was a survey (调查) online. According to Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, more than 10,000 people took part in the survey. It talked about some animals that were quite popular on Shenzhen people’s dining tables. People needed to answer two questions: Which animals do you think people should be prevented from eating? Which animals do you think people can eat? In total, Shenzhen government got more than 2,000 emails. Zhang Xiya is a volunteer of an animal protection organization. She was in favor of the draft, because she thought it could be a useful way to protect wild animals. Following Shenzhen, Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong also released a draft. Who will be the next? 1．Why did Shenzhen government make the draft? A．To let people learn more about wild animals B．To prevent people from eating wild animals C．To provide wild animals with food and cover D．To help restaurants get out of trouble 2．What did Wang Guohui mainly worry about? A．There will be less and less space for humans. B．People can’t eat nice game meat any more. C．Snakes may hurt workers in his restaurant. D．Many people may lose their jobs because of the draft. 3．What was the survey online about? A．The way of cooking game meat. B．The importance of protecting wild animals. C．The animals that people should or shouldn’t eat.D．The popular food on Shenzhen people’s dining tables. 4．The underlined phrase “in favor of” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．disagreed B．disliked C．prevented D．supported 5．What does the writer want to tell in the last paragraph? A．Shenzhen is the first city to release a draft. B．Many cities in China are facing serious problems. C．More cities should take action to protect wild animals. D．Game meat consumption will end soon in Guangdong. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国政府出台禁食野生动物法规后，深圳市率先发布相关草案，引发社会各界讨论的情况。 1．根据第一段“Chinese government made a law on February 24 to stop the hunting of wild animals and people’s game meat consumption”以及“Shenzhen City... released a draft”可知，深圳发布草案是为了响应国家法律，阻止人们食用野生动物。 2．根据第二段王国辉所说“Shenzhen has thousands of snake meat restaurants with over 100,000 workers. It will be a serious problem if the draft is carried out.”可知，他担心草案实施会导致大量工人失业。 3．根据第三段“It talked about some animals... People needed to answer two questions: Which animals do you think people should be prevented from eating? Which animals do you think people can eat?”可知，调查内容是关于哪些动物该吃、哪些不该吃。 4．根据第四段“She was in favor of the draft, because she thought it could be a useful way to protect wild animals.”可知，她认为草案能保护野生动物，因此是“支持”的态度。in favor of 意为“支持”。 5．最后一段提到深圳之后，广州也发布了草案，并以“Who will be the next?”结尾，暗示希望更多城市采取行动保护野生动物。    Do you know that plants can communicate with each other? Scientists have found that when a plant is in danger, it can send signals (信号) to nearby plants, and these invisible signals can help the whole group avoid (避免) various threats (威胁) effectively.    For example, if an insect starts eating a tomato plant, the hurt plant will quickly send out a special chemical (化学物质) into the air. This chemical acts as a clear warning message, telling other tomato plants to prepare for the coming insect attack (攻击). Right away, the other plants begin to change the chemical composition of their leaves, making them taste bitter and unpleasant so that insects don’t want to eat them anymore.    Plants can also communicate through their roots (根) in amazing and complex ways. They can share water and important nutrients (营养物) with each other, especially when some individuals are short of essential resources. Some trees in the forest are even connected through a hidden underground network of fungi (真菌), which works like a natural “information highway”. Bigger, older trees, which are better at absorbing (吸收) sunlight and nutrients, can help smaller, younger trees by sending them food through this network, helping the little ones survive and grow stronger.    This wonderful communication helps plants grow better and stay healthy in their natural environment. It shows that plants are far smarter than we used to think. We should protect plants carefully because they are not only living things with their own unique “social systems” but also play an important role in keeping our environment balanced and stable. 1．How do plants communicate when they are in danger? A．By sending out chemicals. B．By making loud sounds. C．By moving their leaves. D．By changing their colors. 2．Why do other plants make their leaves taste bad? A．To attract insects. B．To protect themselves from insects. C．To grow faster. D．To get more sunlight. 3．How can bigger trees help smaller trees? A．By giving them more water. B．By protecting them from wind. C．By shading them. D．By sending them food through roots. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Plants are not important. B．Plants are dangerous. C．Plants can communicate. D．Plants can’t grow without insects. 5．What should we do according to the passage? A．Study plants more. B．Protect plants. C．Eat more plants. D．Grow plants at home. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了植物之间的多种交流方式与作用，讲述了植物可通过释放化学物质预警危险、通过地下真菌根系网络共享水分和营养，揭示了植物拥有独特的 “社会系统”，并呼吁人们保护植物以维持环境的平衡与稳定。 1．第二段第一句指出: “if an insect starts eating a tomato plant, the hurt plant will quickly send out a special chemical into the air”，说明植物处于危险中时会通过释放化学物质传递信号来交流。 2．第二段第三句指出: “the other plants begin to change the chemical composition of their leaves, making them taste bitter and unpleasant so that insects don’t want to eat them anymore”，说明其他植物让叶片味道变差是为了保护自身免受昆虫啃食。 3．第三段第四句指出: “Bigger, older trees, which are better at absorbing sunlight and nutrients, can help smaller, younger trees by sending them food through this network”，句中 network 指代前文的地下真菌根系网络，说明大树通过该网络向小树输送养分提供帮助。 4．全文围绕植物的交流能力展开，分别介绍了化学信号预警、地下资源共享两种核心交流形式，全文主旨为植物可以进行相互交流。 5．第四段第三句指出: “We should protect plants carefully because they are not only living things with their own unique ‘social systems’ but also play an important role in keeping our environment balanced and stable”，说明根据文章内容我们应当保护植物。 五、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将所填答案填写在相应题号的横线上。 Our lives would not be the same without bees (蜜蜂). Bees help plants grow. Many of these plants provide 1 (we) with food. What would happen 2 there were no bees? We can’t get our favorite fruit or vegetables. But now the number of bees gets much 3 (small) . Scientists worry that bees may die off. Then what can we do 4 (solve) this problem? One way is to make our gardens friendly to bees. A 5 (success) bee garden should have flowers from spring to fall so that bees have enough food. Many people believe that all bees live in hives (蜂巢). 6 fact, some bees dig into the ground. When you are working outside, leave loose dirt (松土) in lower beds and gardens. Some bees’ homes are in old pieces of wood while others’ are in holes or in trees. Gardens can provide 7 (place) like these for bees. Trees or walls that stop the wind are 8 good idea. A cool area in gardens 9 (keep) bees away from the hot sun. A bee-friendly garden 10 (true) helps to keep bees healthy and happy. But it needs everyone’s work to realize it. 【答案】 1．us 2．if 3．smaller 4．to solve 5．successful 6．In 7．places 8．a 9．keeps 10．truly 【导语】本文主要讲述蜜蜂对人类生活至关重要，如今蜜蜂数量锐减，介绍了打造友好蜜蜂花园的多种方法来保护蜜蜂。 1．句意：这些植物很多都为我们提供食物。provide sb. with sth.，动词后用人称代词宾格，所以填us。 2．句意：如果没有蜜蜂会发生什么？条件句引导词，表“如果”，所以填if。 3．句意：但如今蜜蜂的数量变得更少了。“much”后接形容词比较级，所以填smaller。 4．句意：那么我们能做些什么来解决这个问题？不定式作目的状语，所以填to solve。 5．句意：一个合格的蜜蜂花园应该春夏秋都有花，让蜜蜂有充足食物。此处需用形容词修饰名词bee，所以填successful。 6．句意：事实上，有些蜜蜂在地下筑巢。固定搭配in fact，表示“事实上”，首字母大写，所以填In。 7．句意：花园可以给蜜蜂提供这类居所。these是复数代词，指这类地方，所以填名词复数places。 8．句意：挡风的树木或围墙是个好办法。单数名词“good idea”前加不定冠词，泛指一个好办法，所以填a。 9．句意：花园里阴凉的区域能让蜜蜂避开烈日。“a cool area”是单数主语，句子是一般现在时，动词变形为keeps。 10．句意：一个善待蜜蜂的花园确实能让蜜蜂健康快乐。helps是动词，用副词修饰谓语动词，所以填truly。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know the quokka (短尾矮袋鼠)? It often 1 (appear) in tourist photos because of its big smile. People even call it the world’s 2 (happy) animal. When you see its face, you’ll understand why it holds that title. The quokka is as 3 (small) as a cat. A quokka 4 (weigh) 1.5 to 4.5 kg. These happy animals live in Australia. They eat plants and get most of their water from leaves, so they can live 5 much water. In the wild, they can live up to 10 years. Quokkas are very 6 (friend). They’re not afraid of 7 (human) and this makes them perfect for funny photos! However, it’s important to remember that we should never feed them 8 our food can make them sick. Quokkas are of great 9 (important) to Australia’s ecosystem. They help plants grow by spreading (传播) seeds. Sadly, they’re in danger now. They’re losing their homes and other animals hunt them. Let’s work harder 10 (protect) them! 【答案】 1．appears 2．happiest 3．small 4．weighs 5．without 6．friendly 7．humans 8．because 9．importance 10．to protect 【导语】本文主要介绍了短尾矮袋鼠的外形特征、生活习性、性格特点与生态价值，同时指出短尾矮袋鼠目前身处生存困境，呼吁人们共同保护它们。 1．句意：它经常出现在游客的照片中，因为它总带着大大的笑容。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式appears。 2．句意：人们甚至称它为世界上最快乐的动物。根据范围“the world’s”可知，此处要用形容词happy的最高级形式happiest，表示“最快乐的”。 3．句意：短尾矮袋鼠和猫一样小。be动词is后需要形容词作表语，as...as表示“和……一样……”，结构中要加形容词原级。 4．句意：一只短尾矮袋鼠的体重在1.5到4.5千克之间。本文介绍短尾矮袋鼠的基本特征，时态为一般现在时；主语A quokka是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式weighs。 5．句意：它们以植物为食，大部分所需水分从叶子中获取，因此它们可以在没有大量水源的情况下生存。根据前文“get most of their water from leaves”可知，短尾矮袋鼠不需要额外的大量水源，此处表示“没有”，用介词without符合语境。 6．句意：短尾矮袋鼠非常友好。be动词are后需要形容词作表语，friend是名词，其形容词形式为friendly，意为“友好的”，符合语境。 7．句意：它们不害怕人类，这一点让它们非常适合出现在趣味照片里。此处表示泛指“人类”，human是可数名词，要用复数形式humans。 8．句意：然而，我们需要记住永远不要喂它们，因为我们的食物会让它们生病。空后“我们的食物会让它们生病”是前文“不能喂短尾矮袋鼠”的原因，需要用连词because引导原因状语从句。 9．句意：短尾矮袋鼠对澳大利亚的生态系统非常重要。空格前有of great，后接名词构成“be of great importance”结构，表示“很重要”。 10．句意：让我们一起更加努力来保护它们吧！“努力”的目的是“保护短尾矮袋鼠”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 一、单词拼写 1．All the fans were ________ (disappoint) because the singer didn’t appear on the stage. 2．Many people haven’t understood the ________ (important) of the wetlands. 3．Parents and children should have good ________ (communicate) from time to time. 4．The boy caught two beautiful ________ (butterfly) and he was very happy. 5．Dongting Lake is the second ________ (large) fresh water lake in China. 6．Coffee is probably the ________(popular) drink in the world. 7．Our English class is always ________ (live) because the teacher often plays fun games with us. 8．The neighbours decided to take ________ (act) together to clean up the park. 9．“________ (happy) doesn’t fall from the sky, we should keep working hard to make our dreams come true.” Xi Jingping told Chinese Youth. 10．Of all the ways to solve the problem, this one is the _________ (bad) 11．Her ________ (imagine) ideas made the science project very special and interesting to watch. 12．The volunteers are working hard on the ________ of the environment. (protect) 13．The invention of potato chips was ________ (actual) an accident. 14．One of my favourite ________ (book) is Journey to the West. 15．I feel ________ to my classmates because we always help each other. (connect) 16．Even the ________ (微小的) living beings, we need to respect others. 17．________ (除了) Lu Xun, I also appreciate Lao She. 18．Let’s make a promise to see the ________ (海洋) one day. 19．I like the ________ (气候) in Bozhou. 20．There is an ________ (蚂蚁) in the bowl. 21．________ (人类) beings play an important role in this world. 22．It’s a ________ (工具) to manage the whole class. 23．She has a ________ (精力充沛的)‌ personality—always cheerful, talkative, and full of great ideas. 24．I don’t like eating ________ (豌豆)‌ when they’re overcooked and mushy. 25．She was offered the lead ________ (角色)‌ in the new theater production. 26．The truck was carrying ‌a ________ (吨) of‌ bricks, weighing over two thousand pounds. 27．After the rain, ________ (蘑菇) ‌mushroomed‌ overnight in the garden. 28．The book’s ________ (标题)‌ is The Secret Garden, which immediately captures readers’ curiosity. 29．Bees build their ________ (蜂巢)‌ using wax secreted from their bodies. 30．Scientists have discovered a new ________ (行星)‌ orbiting a distant star. 二、完成句子 31．我们必须停止人们杀害猎豹。 We must _________ people from _________ cheetahs. 32．李明是我们班最高的学生。 Li Ming is __________ __________ student in our class. 33．They built nature reserves. They wanted to protect giant pandas. (合并为一句) They built nature reserves ________ ________ ________ protect giant pandas. 34．‌出于这个原因，许多科学家认为蜜蜂是这个星球上最重要的动物‌。   ________ ________ ________, many scientists believe that bees are the most important animals on this planet. 35．‌事实上，没有它们的工作，世界上大约80%的植物无法生长‌。    In fact, without their work, about 80 ________ ________ of the plants in the world cannot grow. 36．它们是许多鸟的家乡。     They ________ ________ ________ many birds. 37．‌蜜蜂在我们星球的生态系统中发挥着重要作用‌。    Bees ________ ________ important ________ ________ the ecosystem of our planet. 38．然而，‌蜜蜂的数量正在下降，科学家们对此感到担忧‌。    However, ________ ________ ________ bees is dropping, and scientists are worried. 39．人们相信，‌明亮的黄色叶子能给他们的内心带来欢乐‌。 People believe the bright yellow leaves can ________ ________ ________ their heart. 40．中国人喜爱银杏，因为它是‌希望和长寿的象征‌。 Chinese people love the ginkgo, as it is ________ ________ ________ hope and long life. 三、完形填空 We’re studying birds for Bird Week at school. Some lucky kids got penguins, but I have to write about 1 . On the first day, I watched pigeons in the park. All morning long, they just knocked around and left droppings (粪) everywhere. I thought they were really boring and 2 . When a girl started feeding them, the pigeons flew to her 3 . They looked really scary (吓人的)! On the second day, I did some online research. To 4 surprise, pigeons can recognize (认出) themselves in mirrors. Are they so clever? I decided to go and 5 them again. The next morning, I was back at the park. I saw a pigeon looking at itself in the 6 ! Maybe I was wrong about them. To know more about them, I headed to the library. I 7 that there are over 200 kinds of pigeons. Some can fly thousands of kilometers without 8 . They can fly over 100 km a (an) 9 —as fast as my dad’s car! In the end, I realized pigeons aren’t boring or 10 at all. They’re truly amazing; I just didn’t know enough about them before. 1．A．monkeys B．mice C．pigeons D．elephants 2．A．dirty B．pretty C．sleepy D．sweet 3．A．slowly B．quickly C．softly D．quietly 4．A．their B．your C．my D．his 5．A．eat B．feed C．watch D．buy 6．A．air B．water C．ground D．sky 7．A．found B．advised C．dreamt D．explained 8．A．counting down B．getting lost C．doing exercise D．coming out 9．A．minute B．hour C．day D．week 10．A．happy B．delicious C．humorous D．scary I’m a little clownfish, and I like to live in coral reefs, but I don’t always stay there.           When I was 1 , I walked slowly in the open ocean for months. When I grew up, I wanted to get back home. But only the reef’s small sound 2 me home. Unluckily, the sea isn’t as 3 as it used to be. Humans make it a noisy place. Their noises are often 4 than the natural ones, so we can’t find our way back easily.                                                               I’m not the only one to suffer (遭受). Deep (深的) underwater, there is little light. Sounds, however, travel 5 . Many of my friends depend on (依靠) their 6 to live. Dolphins call each other by special names, and whales sing beautiful songs. But now, the noise is 7 their lives. So, they swim away from the noise. However, we can hear human-made noise 8 . We have to leave our homes and move to quieter areas. In those areas, we must 9 with others for food and homes. Over time, our 10 get smaller and smaller.    Luckily, I discover humans are taking action to cut down noise. I hope our lives will become better. 1．A．sick B．young C．happy 2．A．guided B．invited C．welcomed 3．A．blue B．beautiful C．peaceful 4．A．louder B．clearer C．closer 5．A．safely B．slowly C．easily 6．A．touching B．hearing C．swimming 7．A．saving B．affecting C．improving 8．A．nowhere B．somewhere C．everywhere 9．A．fight B．compare C．connect 10．A．bodies B．differences C．populations 四、阅读理解 After Chinese government made a law on February 24 to stop the hunting of wild animals and people’s game meat consumption (野味消费), Shenzhen City, in southern China’s Guangdong Province, became one of the first places across the country to act. It released a draft (发布草案) the next day. People in Shenzhen were active in discussing it after the draft was released. Some people said the draft would make a lot of restaurants get into trouble. Wang Guohui, head of Rongji, a very popular restaurant in Shenzhen that sells snake meat, said the draft is bad news for the restaurants. He said that Shenzhen has thousands of snake meat restaurants with over 100,000 workers. It will be a serious problem if the draft is carried out (实施). In order to learn about people’s ideas, there was a survey (调查) online. According to Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, more than 10,000 people took part in the survey. It talked about some animals that were quite popular on Shenzhen people’s dining tables. People needed to answer two questions: Which animals do you think people should be prevented from eating? Which animals do you think people can eat? In total, Shenzhen government got more than 2,000 emails. Zhang Xiya is a volunteer of an animal protection organization. She was in favor of the draft, because she thought it could be a useful way to protect wild animals. Following Shenzhen, Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong also released a draft. Who will be the next? 1．Why did Shenzhen government make the draft? A．To let people learn more about wild animals B．To prevent people from eating wild animals C．To provide wild animals with food and cover D．To help restaurants get out of trouble 2．What did Wang Guohui mainly worry about? A．There will be less and less space for humans. B．People can’t eat nice game meat any more. C．Snakes may hurt workers in his restaurant. D．Many people may lose their jobs because of the draft. 3．What was the survey online about? A．The way of cooking game meat. B．The importance of protecting wild animals. C．The animals that people should or shouldn’t eat.D．The popular food on Shenzhen people’s dining tables. 4．The underlined phrase “in favor of” in Paragraph 4 means ________. A．disagreed B．disliked C．prevented D．supported 5．What does the writer want to tell in the last paragraph? A．Shenzhen is the first city to release a draft. B．Many cities in China are facing serious problems. C．More cities should take action to protect wild animals. D．Game meat consumption will end soon in Guangdong.    Do you know that plants can communicate with each other? Scientists have found that when a plant is in danger, it can send signals (信号) to nearby plants, and these invisible signals can help the whole group avoid (避免) various threats (威胁) effectively.    For example, if an insect starts eating a tomato plant, the hurt plant will quickly send out a special chemical (化学物质) into the air. This chemical acts as a clear warning message, telling other tomato plants to prepare for the coming insect attack (攻击). Right away, the other plants begin to change the chemical composition of their leaves, making them taste bitter and unpleasant so that insects don’t want to eat them anymore.    Plants can also communicate through their roots (根) in amazing and complex ways. They can share water and important nutrients (营养物) with each other, especially when some individuals are short of essential resources. Some trees in the forest are even connected through a hidden underground network of fungi (真菌), which works like a natural “information highway”. Bigger, older trees, which are better at absorbing (吸收) sunlight and nutrients, can help smaller, younger trees by sending them food through this network, helping the little ones survive and grow stronger.    This wonderful communication helps plants grow better and stay healthy in their natural environment. It shows that plants are far smarter than we used to think. We should protect plants carefully because they are not only living things with their own unique “social systems” but also play an important role in keeping our environment balanced and stable. 1．How do plants communicate when they are in danger? A．By sending out chemicals. B．By making loud sounds. C．By moving their leaves. D．By changing their colors. 2．Why do other plants make their leaves taste bad? A．To attract insects. B．To protect themselves from insects. C．To grow faster. D．To get more sunlight. 3．How can bigger trees help smaller trees? A．By giving them more water. B．By protecting them from wind. C．By shading them. D．By sending them food through roots. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Plants are not important. B．Plants are dangerous. C．Plants can communicate. D．Plants can’t grow without insects. 5．What should we do according to the passage? A．Study plants more. B．Protect plants. C．Eat more plants. D．Grow plants at home. 五、短文填空 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将所填答案填写在相应题号的横线上。 Our lives would not be the same without bees (蜜蜂). Bees help plants grow. Many of these plants provide 1 (we) with food. What would happen 2 there were no bees? We can’t get our favorite fruit or vegetables. But now the number of bees gets much 3 (small) . Scientists worry that bees may die off. Then what can we do 4 (solve) this problem? One way is to make our gardens friendly to bees. A 5 (success) bee garden should have flowers from spring to fall so that bees have enough food. Many people believe that all bees live in hives (蜂巢). 6 fact, some bees dig into the ground. When you are working outside, leave loose dirt (松土) in lower beds and gardens. Some bees’ homes are in old pieces of wood while others’ are in holes or in trees. Gardens can provide 7 (place) like these for bees. Trees or walls that stop the wind are 8 good idea. A cool area in gardens 9 (keep) bees away from the hot sun. A bee-friendly garden 10 (true) helps to keep bees healthy and happy. But it needs everyone’s work to realize it. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you know the quokka (短尾矮袋鼠)? It often 1 (appear) in tourist photos because of its big smile. People even call it the world’s 2 (happy) animal. When you see its face, you’ll understand why it holds that title. The quokka is as 3 (small) as a cat. A quokka 4 (weigh) 1.5 to 4.5 kg. These happy animals live in Australia. They eat plants and get most of their water from leaves, so they can live 5 much water. In the wild, they can live up to 10 years. Quokkas are very 6 (friend). They’re not afraid of 7 (human) and this makes them perfect for funny photos! However, it’s important to remember that we should never feed them 8 our food can make them sick. Quokkas are of great 9 (important) to Australia’s ecosystem. They help plants grow by spreading (传播) seeds. Sadly, they’re in danger now. They’re losing their homes and other animals hunt them. Let’s work harder 10 (protect) them! 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $