2026-2027学年新高一译林版暑假英语必修一Unit1 Back to School第一课时+完形专练 学案

第一讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第一课时)+完型专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school ReadingⅠ词汇和句型； 2、完型训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 一、单词讲解 1.potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 潜力;可能性. adj. 潜在的,可能的(2)adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜在地，可能地(2) have the potential to do sth有潜力做某事 realize/achieve one’s potential发挥某人的潜力 2.senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/ adj. 中学的(招收11或13岁以上学生);级别高的;高级水平的;老年的. n. 级别(或地位)较高者;较…年长的人;高水平运动员(2) →be senior to比……年长；级别高于…… John is senior to me by two years. 约翰比我年长两岁。 3.path /pɑːθ/ n. 道路;小路;成功的途径(2) 4.challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. & vt. 挑战;质疑(2)→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 challenge sb to sth向某人挑战(某事) challenge sb to do sth向某人挑战做某事 5.thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思维,思想;想法(2) 6.positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极乐观的;良好的,正面的(2) 7.opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会,时机(2) the opportunity to do 做某事的机会 8.lie in 存在,在于(2) 9.rise to 能够处理(2) 10.acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ vt. 获得,得到(2) acquire a good knowledge of 学会；精通 acquire a habit of养成……的习惯 11.effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力,费力的事;试图(2) make an effort to do sth努力做某事 without effort毫不费力 12.advance /ədˈvɑːns/n. 进步,进展;前进,行进. vt. & ⅵ. 发展,进步(3)→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 advance on/towards sb./sth.向某人/物前进/行进 in advance预先；事先；预付 make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步 13.amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的(3)→amazement n．吃惊；惊讶 to one’s amazement使某人惊讶的是 14.confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n. 信心,信任把握(3)→confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidently adv.自信地 build up one’s confidence树立信心 have confidence in 对……有信心 be confident of/about/that...对……有信心/确信 15.make a difference 起作用,有影响,有关系(3) 16.make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受(3)==make full/good use of=make the best of 17.resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源;资料,谋略(3) 18.take advantage of 利用(3)→disadvantage n．不利条件 gain/win/have an advantage over...胜过，优于；比……有优势 to one’s advantage对某人有利；有利于 at an advantage处于有利地位 19.facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施,设备;场所(3) 20.equal /ˈiːkwəl/ adj. 相同的,相等的,平等的;相当的,能胜任的. n. 同等的人(物). vt. 与…相等;比得上(3) (1)be equal to sth/sb in sth. 在某方面与……相等/相同； be equal to (doing) sth.胜任做某事 (2)equal sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面与某人匹敌 (3)be of equal importance 同等重要 (4)equally adv.平等地；同样地 21.attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/n. 态度,看法(3) 22.goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标;进球得分(3) set clear goals 设定清晰的目标 achieve one’s dream/goal实现梦想/目标 23.balance /ˈbæləns/ vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性. n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力(3) (1)balance...against... 把……与……进行权衡 keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 (2)balanced adj.平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 24.improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ vt. & vi. 改进,改善(3) 25.last but not least 最后但同样重要的(3) 26.well-rounded /ˌwel ˈraʊndɪd/ adj. 全面发展的;面面俱到的(3) 27.individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ n. 个人. adj. 单独的,个别的(3) a well-rounded individual 一个全面发展的人 28.character /ˈkærəktə(r)/n. 品质,性格;特点;人物,角色;文字(3)→characteristic n.特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的 29.responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的(3)→responsibility n.责任；责任心 be responsible for对……负责；是……的原因 30.ahead /hed/ adv. (时间、空间)向前;提前(3) 31.junior /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/ adj. (学校)为11或13岁以下儿童设立的;地位(或级别)低的;青少年的. n. 职位较低者,青少年运动员(5) 32. forward /ˈfɔːwəd/ adv. 向将来;向前;进展,前进(5) 33.independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 自主的,有主见的;自立的(5) 二、Welcome to the unit句型 1.Study without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without study ends in puzzlement.（P1）学而不思则罔，思而不学则惑！ confuse vt. 使困惑； 使混淆 → n. confusion confuse sb 使某人迷惑 confuse A with B 用B使A迷惑；A与B混淆，混同 They confused me with what happened.他们对发生的事使我迷惑不解。（使糊涂；使迷惑） People often confuse me and my twin sister.人们常常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞错。（混淆，混同） 三、Reading Ⅰ句型 1.Today is the start of a new term,the start of a three-year journey and the start of a promising future.今天是新学期的开始，是三年征程的开始，也是美好未来的开始。(P2) (1)the start of ....的开始 (2)three-year有连字符是形容词 (3) promising adj.有希望的，有前途的 【拓展】promise sb sth承诺某人某事 2.Realizing your potential (P2)发挥你的潜能 potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 【搭配】show/have potential 有潜能 have the potential to do sth 有做某事的潜能 achieve/realize one’s(full)potential(充分)发挥潜力/潜能 【拓展】 potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地 单句语法填空 (1)She has the potential (become) a great leader. (2)The old building is (potential) dangerous and needs to be inspected. (3)I think he has the potential ________ become an expert in this field. 3.I can’t wait to describe to you what c high school life is like. (1) senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/ adj. 中学的;级别高的;高级水平的;老年的. n. 级别(或地位)较高者;较…年长的人;高水平运动员 ---seniority / ˌsi:niˈɒrəti / n.年长，职位高；资历，年资 be senior to...比……年长(资深) be junior to...比……年轻(资浅),级别低于…… He is senior/junior to me. 他的职位比我高/低。 (2)can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待做某事”。 表示“迫不及待地做某事”的表达还有： can hardly wait to do sth.=can hardly wait for sth.=cannot wait for sth. The woman can't wait to see her son.这个女人迫不及待地想见到儿子。 The young man can hardly wait to eat something after his work.这个年轻人下班后已经迫不及待地要吃点东西 (3) describe v. 描述----description n. 描述，形容，说明；类型 单句语法填空 (1)He is senior me by seven years. (2) He has (senior) over many of his colleagues. (3)She is junior me in the company but shows great potential. 4. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges:：a new environment，new knowledge and new ways of thinking. (P2)你们面前的道路通向一个充满挑战的世界;新的环境，新的知识和新的思维方式 (1)path n. 道路;小路;成功的途径 the path to... 通往…的道路或途径 There are many paths leading to the tower on the hill. (2)lead to 通向 (3)full of 充满=filled with -----可以作后置定语修饰名词 (4)challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑 --- challenging adj. 挑战性的----challenger n. 挑战者 【搭配】 face a challenge 面临挑战 meet the challenge 迎接挑战 take on/accept a challenge 接受挑战 Schools must meet the challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 It was challenging, but she also made it fun.这很有挑战性，但她也让它变得很有趣。 (5)thinking n. 思维,思想;想法 new ways of thinking新的思维方式 Unless we change our thinking，the wildlife here will be in danger.除非我们改变我们的想法，否则这里的野生动物将处于危险之中。 练习 (1) Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious (challenge) we face. (2)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister (call) an election. (3)This is a book full of profound, original, and (challenge) insights. (4)We (challenge) by police at the border. (5)She does not like anyone (challenge) her authority. (6)One of the primary benefits of reading books is its ability to develop your critical ____________ (think) skills. 5. However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge. (P2) 不过，对你们当中思维积极的人来说，每一个挑战中都蕴藏着机遇。 (1)positive adj. 积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 be positive about 对……积极乐观的 on the positive side 从好的方面看 【拓展】negative adj. 悲观的，消极的；否定的，拒绝的 neutral adj.中立的，不偏不倚的；中性的，不带感情色彩的 She has a very positive attitude towards life. 她对生活持有非常乐观的态度。 As a star, he has a positive influence on teenagers. 作为明星，他对青少年的影响是正面的。 (2)opportunity n. 机会，时机 the opportunity/chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 (3)lie in 存在于；位于 (表示“在于”时，主语通常为抽象名词) Happiness doesn’t lie in/consist in how many possessions you own.幸福不在于你拥有多少财产 练习 (1)She tried to be more positive her new job. (2) the positive side, profits have increased. (3)His family has very positive influence on him. 6.When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. (P2)在迎接挑战的时候，你们将有机会掌握大量的知识，并享受个人的成长。 (1) rise to 能够处理 rise to one’s feet站起身 on the rise在增加=on the increase give rise to.....引起，导致，产生 The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems.食品的短缺引起了严重的问题。 (2)have an opportunity/chance to do sth 有机会做某事 (3)acquire vt. 获得，得到---acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n / n. （知识、技能等的）获得；购得物 acquire a good knowledge of 学会；精通 acquire a habit of养成……的习惯 language acquisition 语言习得 We should try to acquire a good habit of taking notes while listening in class.听课时，我们应该努力养成做笔记的好习惯。 (4)personal个人的----person个人----personality n.个性 【拓展】in person亲自 单句语法填空 (1)He has acquired a taste fine wine over the years. (2)The company plans to make an (acquire) to expand its business. (3)Joining the English Club gives me an opportunity (acquire)a better knowledge of English. 7.Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. (P2) 最重要的是，你们在高中阶段度过的时光、付出的努力将会为你们叩开潜能的大门。 (1)most importantly最重要的是：用于强调某个观点或事实比其他事物更为重要。 (2)effort n. 努力，费力的事；试图---effortless adj.不需费力的，容易的--effortful adj.需要努力的 put effort into sth 努力做某事 with little/without much effort 不费力 spare no effort to do sth/make every effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事 A lot of effort was put into making the invitation. 制作请帖花了很多精力。 He finished the task with little effort. 他没费多少力就完成了任务。 (3) open the door to为......敞开大门；打开...的大门 单句语法填空 (1)He made an (effort) attempt to solve the difficult problem. (2)We should put more effort our studies. (3)They made a great effort (finish) the project on time. (4)The athlete performed the difficult routine with (effort) ease. 8.Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.简单地说，潜力是你天生的能力，只要你足够努力，就可以开发出来。 (1)put simply=to put it simply 简而言之 To put it simply, the meeting is a waste of time. (2)natural adj.天然的；天生的,本能的--naturally adv.天然地；必然地；天生地--nature n.大自然,秉性,本质 natural ability 天赋 9.Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! (P3) 谁知道未来你们能创作出哪些精美的艺术品，实现哪些医学突破，或者开发出哪些不可思议的技术！ (1)works of art 艺术品 (2)advance n. 进步,进展;前进,行进. vt. & ⅵ. 发展,进步→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 【拓展】advance on/towards sb./sth.向某人/物前进/行进 in advance预先；事先；预付= ahead of time in advance of…比…先进；超前于… make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步 medical advances 医学进步 We made great advances in the chemical sciences.我们在化学研究中取得了重大进步。 We arrived there half an hour in advance.我们提前半个小时到了那里。 Advanced technology has brought us great convenience. 先进的科技给我们带来了巨大的便利。 (3)amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人诧异的 amazing technologies 惊人的技术 【拓展】①amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 be amazed at/ by sth. 对某事感到惊讶 be amazed to see / find / learn …惊奇地看到/发现/ 得知… ②amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 in amazement 惊奇地 to one’s amazement 令人惊讶的是 练习 (1)Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels or camp sites advance. (2)The company is known for its use of (advance) technology. (3)Let the world know more about China, and let China advance _________ the world. (4)She looked at him amazement. (5)In great (amaze), the teacher looked at the little girl. (6)I was amazed (see)Bolt break the world record at amazing speed of 9.58 seconds in the 100 meters race. 10.The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family，to your community and to our country.可能性是无限的，我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家带来改变。 (1)endless adj.无止境的，无穷尽的；永久的，无休止的 (2)confidence n. 信心,信任把握→confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidently adv.自信地 build up one’s confidence树立信心 have confidence in 对……有信心 be confident of/about/that...对……有信心/确信 We teachers should help them to have confidence in themselves, whether they are boys or girls, high or low achievers. 无论是男孩还是女孩， 成绩好的还是成绩差的，我们作为老师都应该帮助他们树立自信心。 We are confident that with our efforts, a final agreement will be reached in the future. 我们确信，通过我们的努力，未来将达成共同协议。 (3)make a difference 起作用,有影响,有关系(3) make a difference (to/in sb./sth.) (对某人/物)起作用/有关系/有影响 tell the difference between...and...辨别/区分(……与……) the difference between A and B 区分A和B 练习 (1)It is quite obvious that he is confident ________ his life in the future. (2)It was my suggestion that made him _________(confidence) of success. (3) (confident) is the key to success. (4)The players all have confidence their manager. (5)He plays confidence; as a result, every game he improves a lot. (6) makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 11.Over the next three years,you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. 在接下来的三年里，你会发现你作为一个学生和一个人的潜力。 【句型分析】while“在.....期间”，引导时间状语从句 My husband answered the door while I was on the phone in the dining room.我在餐厅里打电话时，丈夫去应门。 While I was in Beijing in 2019, I saw the film The Wandering Earth.2019年在北京时，我看了电影《流浪地球》。 【归纳拓展】 (1)while引导状语从句时，意为“当……的时候；虽然”。 (2)while还可用作并列连词，意为“而……”，表示对比 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her parents died she was still at school. ②You can go swimming I'm having lunch. ③Tom's very good at science， his brother is absolutely hopeless. ④ ，I helped her out of trouble and gain confidence. 虽然我不喜欢她，但还是帮她走出困境并获得自信。 12.To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的 (1)realize your potential (充分)发挥潜力/潜能 (2)make the most of =make full/good use of 充分利用=make the best of Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to make the most of water. (3)resource n. 资源;资料,谋略 natural resources 自然资源 make the most of our school resources 充分利用学校资源 (3)It＋be＋n.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth. It＋be＋adj.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth. 单句语法填空 ①She really tries to make (much) of herself by dressing well. ②So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use a wider vocabulary than ever before. ③You should make best of this opportunity to communicate with others. 13.Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities.好好利用你的课程，向老师和同学学习，并充分利用我们学校的设施。 (1)take advantage of 利用→ advantage n.优势;利条件→ disadvantage n．劣势,不利条件 gain/win/have an advantage over...胜过，优于；比……有优势 to one’s advantage对某人有利；有利于 at an advantage处于有利地位 【归案】make use of　　 利用；使用 make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用 make the best of 充分利用 take advantage of 利用 (2)learn from sb 向某人学习 learn to do 学做.... (3)make use of 利用 (4)facility n. 设施,设备;场所 【区别】service n.[C]公共服务系统，公共事业；[U]（对顾客的）接待，招待，服务 单句语法填空 ①They took advantage the fine weather to play tennis with their friends. ②She had advantage of a good education compared with senior high school students. ③You will be an advantage if you think about the plan ahead of time. 完形 Maggie Doyne was 18 when she took a gap year between high school and college. She ___41___ a few of her belongings and set out to see the world. Doyne's story began when she worked with ___42___ children at a school in northern India. One day, she saw a little girl named Hema carrying ___43___ to and from the village. She earned two dollars a day to support her family. ___44___ by what she saw she later found out that there were 80 million children across the globe living ___45___ Hema. She thought to herself for the first time, “___46___ the 80 million, what if you just started with Hema?" That's when Doyne decided to take Hema ___47___ and pay for her education. But helping Hema wasn't enough for Doyne. There were ___48___ children without families or homes. So she bought a small piece of land for $5,000 with her babysitting ___49___. Her goal was to build ___50___ for those children. “The amazing thing about this work is that it's ___51___. Since I can help one kid, why not 10?” Doyne said. The Kopila Valley Children's Home ___52___ 200 children when it first opened in 2007, and it continues to ___53___. Doyne has also opened a school in Kopila Vally. Maggie Doyne's story is a great ___54___ that while we cannot solve all the world’s problems on our own, we can take the first ___55___ of solving one problem. 41. A. folded up B. packed up C. sold out D. put out 42. A. strong-willed B. narrow-minded C. light-hearted D. poverty-stricken 43. A. loads B. permits C. messages D. passengers 44. A. Amused B. Terrified C. Shocked D. Embarrassed 45. A. off B. with C. like D. beyond 46. A. Downsize B. Recommend C. Mention D. Forget 47. A. on her feet B. with her hand C. under her wing D. in her arms 48. A. still B. merely C. yet D. barely 49. A. receipts B. pensions C. budgets D. savings 50. A. school B. village C. shelter D. park 51. A. addicting B. efficient C. voluntary D. demanding 52. A. cured B. welcomed C. tracked D. promoted 53. A. expand B. survive C. withdraw D. weaken 54. A. creation B. reminder C. prediction D. informer 55. A. risk B. step C. place D. idea 课后作业 七选五练习 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.   (1)   Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.   (2)   Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start.   (3)   If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.   (4)   Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.   (5)   If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly , or you're doing it now, then listen up! 综合填空 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Rain (谷雨), as the last term in spring, starts on April 20 and ends on May 4. It 56. __________ (date) from the old saying, “Rain brings up the 57. __________(grow) of hundreds of grains,” With an obvious increase in temperature and rainfall, the grains grow faster, 58. __________ it’s necessary to protect the crops from insect pests. Grain Rain falls 59. ___________ the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and 60. __________ (last) cold air in the north. During this period, the temperature rises 61. __________ (significant). In southern China, there is 62. __________ old custom that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Drinking tea on this day is said 63. __________ (prevent) bad luck. The Grain Rain festival is celebrated by fishing villages in northern China, 64. __________ marks the start of the fishermen’s first voyage of the year. The custom began more than 2,000 years ago, when people honored the gods, who protected them from 65. __________ (defeat) by rough storms. 02 进门考 语法填空 Welcome to senior high school! I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. The path before you leads to a world full of 1__________(challenge). However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies 2__________ each challenge. Most 3_________(important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. Potential is your natural ability that can 4________(develop) when you try hard enough. I have 5____________(confident) in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to your country. Over the next three years, you will discover your potential 6___________ you develop as a student and as a person. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you 7_____________(make) the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes, join a club or two, and take an active part in different sports. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and 8_________ positive attitude. Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your 9__________(communicate) and problem-solving skills. Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “ A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for 10___________(realize) your great potential. 第二讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第二课时)+阅读理解专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school ReadingⅡ词汇和句型； 2、阅读理解训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Reading Ⅱ句型 1.Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (P3) 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。 (1)attitude n. 态度， 看法 a positive / negative attitude 积极的/消极的态度 (2)equal adj.相等的,平等的;能胜任的. n. 同等的人(物). vt. 与…相等;比得上 ---equally adv.平等地；同样地--unequal adj. 不平等的；不相同的 【搭配】 be equal to sth/doing 能胜任能胜任做... be equal in 在……方面相等 be without equal 无与伦比 equal sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面与某人匹敌 be of equal importance 同等重要 be equal to sb in sth 在……方面与某人不相上下 (2)of equal importance是of+抽象名词结构, 等同于一个形容词 Having enough sleep is of great importance. 有足够的睡眠很重要。 一词多义 ① There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. adj.相同的，相等的 ② The company has an equal opportunities policy. Adj.平等的 ③ I'm not sure he's equal to the task. adj.能胜任的 单句语法填空 (1)I hope that he proves equal the challenge. (2)This job could be done (equal) well by a computer. (3)He has ability. He is equal ________ the research work. (4)-Why did you choose Jennifer as the leader of the team? -No one was equa ____ her ______skills and experience. ③The film demands attention, and is ________ equal(=has ________ equal)in cinema history. (5)He is equal ________ accomplishing the task, for no one ________ (equal)him in the area. (3)“Of equal importance”为介词短语作表语提前，此句是个完全倒装句。正常语序应为good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. 【注意】英语中，当表语为分词、形容词、副词或介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。构成句型：“分词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be动词＋主语”。 Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄掩埋在沙丘中。 【拓展全部倒装的其他用法】 ①表示方向、地点和时间的副词here, there, now, then等置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妇女。 Up went the rocket into the sky.火箭嗖地一声飞上了天空。 Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 ②表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时。　　 In front of the building stand two trees . Under the chair is a ball . In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City. 【注意】上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装，用正常语序。 Here he comes. 他来了。　　　　 Away they went. 他们走开了。 ③在“there be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live , stand , come , lie , flow , enter , rise 和appear等。 There lies a large rice field in the front of the house . Many years ago there lived an old woman in the wooden house . There came shouts for help from the river . 【补充部分倒装句】 1. so / neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词 + 主语 表示两人的情况一样，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。 Lucy can swim . So can I . Miss Green has been to Shanghai . So have I . Mike does not study hard . Neither does Tom . 【注意】当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。 Lily can ride a bike . So she can . It is raining hard . So it is . 2. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,部分倒装 例：no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, in no case, not until… 等 In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods. 我绝对不会采纳他的任何方法。 Not a single person did I know in the party. Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. 以否定连词开头作部分倒装 not only…but also; hardly……when(一…就…）; 连接两个词或短语时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。 Not only is he busy , but also I have a lot of work to do . Not only does Miss Li speak English very well , but also she speaks French well . Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 4. only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）放在句首时，要用倒装。 Only + 状语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语及其他 Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened . Only in this way can you make progress in your English . Only then did he realize he was wrong . Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need . 【注意】only修饰主语时，语序不变。 Only Jim can do it . 5. as引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意： ①句首名词不能带任何冠词。 ②句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。 Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a) Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。) Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首) 【注意】让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 单句语法填空 ①Sitting in the hall (be) the two astronauts who were very young. ②Here (come) a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. ③Present at the evening party (be) our English teacher on Thursday. 单选 ①Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized ②Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you ③---Your father is very strict with you. --- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he ④---Here ____！ Where is Xiao Liu ----There ____. A. comes the bus; is he B. comes the bus; he is C. the bus come; is he D. the bus comes; he is ⑤____, I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much ⑥Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know ⑦Not only _____ a promise， but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made ⑧Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill. A. he cared B. did he care C. he cares D. does he care 完成句子练习（用倒装句） ①你决不应该把这个秘密告诉他。 By no means _________________________. ②坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。 Ahead _____________________ who told us the stories about the Long March. ③广场的中央矗立着一块纪念碑。 In the center _________________________ a monument. ④沿路是茂密高大的树木，其中一些有近100年的历史。 Along the road ________________________, some of them with a history of nearby 100 years. ⑤直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。 Not until ________________________ that a quiet town life was the best for me. ⑥他很少意识到与他人交流的重要性。 Seldom _______________________________ of communicating with others. ⑦在任何情况下，我们都不要嘲笑别人，因为过往的经历教导我们，嘲笑别人的结果就是自己被嘲笑。 Under no circumstances ____________________, as past experiences have taught us that laughing at others usually ends up being laughed at by others. ⑧房子前面有一棵树。 There ________________ in front of the house. 2.Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.仔细规划你们的学习，设定明确的目标，平衡学业和其他活动。 (1)goal n. 目标= aim/ target ;球门，进球得分 v. 进球得分 set clear goals 设定清晰的目标 achieve one’s dream/goal实现梦想/目标 (2)balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性. n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力 【拓展】①a sense of balance 平衡感 out of balance 失去平衡 ②balance...against... 把……与……进行权衡 keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 ③balanced adj.平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 【注意】 balance n. 账户余额，结余 Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake. 慢慢地移动，然后要确保保持平衡，并且不要让你的身体晃动。 What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet? 如果没有均衡的饮食，你将会怎样？ 单句语法填空 (1)Keeping a (balance) diet is important to our health. (2)It is not easy for a woman to balance her career family. (3)Since teenagers have difficulty (balance) these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. (4)She nearly lost (she) balance as the bus suddenly moved forward. (5)Upon entering a “new era”, what we now face is the contradiction between _________(balance)and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. (6)Before going on a diet，you'd better balance the advantages the disadvantages.In my opinion，you'd better keep a (balance) diet for the benefit of your health. 3.As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高你的沟通和解决问题的能力。 (1)improve vt. & vi. 改进,改善----improvement n. 改善 a (big) improvement in 在……方面的(巨大)改善 (2)effort n. 努力，费力的事；试图 →反：effortless adj. 不费力气的；应付自如 make to do sth. (尽一切)努力做某事 = put effort into doing sth. spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地 through one’s effort 通过某人的努力 He finished the task with little effort. 他没费多少力就完成了任务。 【拓展】 effortless adj. 不需费力的，容易的 (3)communication skills交流技能 【拓展】communicate with sb 与某人交流 (4)problem-solving skills 解决问题的能力 problem-solving adj.问题解决的 n.解决问题 练习 ①制作请帖花了很多精力。 A lot of the invitation. ②我们将不遗余力地把我们的城市建设得更美好。 We will a better place. 4.Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope , even in difficult situations.最后但同等重要的是，即使在困难的情况下，总是看到光明的一面，永远不要失去希望 (1)last but not least 最后但同样重要 (2)look on the bright side看到光明的一面；往好的方面看 (3)never lose hope永远不要失去希望 【拓展】lose heart 灰心，泄气 5.In time, you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.(p3) (1)in time 最后，终于 I am sure in time you will understand why she made the choice.我相信你迟早会明白她为什么做出这样的选择。 (2)grow into... 长成.... 【拓展】grow up listening to.. 听着....长大 (3)well-rounded 全面的 【拓展】well-known 众所周知的 well-paid 高薪的 highly-developed 高度发达的 (4)individual n. 个人，个体 adj.个人的 (5)find+宾语+doing 发现……正在做（宾语与构成宾补的动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系） find+宾语+done 发现……被做（宾语与构成宾补的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系） I often find him talking to himself.我经常发现他自言自语。 We found the problem unsolved.我们发现问题还没有解决。 6.As Lap-Tzu wisely said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 老子说得好:千里之行，始于足下。(P3) (1)as conj. 正如 【注意】①as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，且位置灵活。 ②which引导非限制性定语从句代指整个主句的内容时，不可位于句首，意为“这一点”。 ③as引导非限制性定语从句的常用句式有： as we can see正如我们所看到的 as we all know/as is known to us all众所周知 as is reported正如报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事 as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的 (2)wise adj.--- wisdom n. ---- wisely adv. (3)There is a saying goes that...俗话说得好 单句填空 (1) was expected, he got a golden opportunity and starred in a TV series. (2)He did not finish the work on time, made his boss very angry. 7.You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.你需要不断的努力来训练你的思想和发展你的性格。(P3) (1)make a continuous effort to ...不断努力做某事 continuous adj.连续不断的，持续的； (2)character 人物， 性格, 特点 characteristic 特点， 有特色的 单句语法填空 The pub was full of colorful local (character)． 一词多义 ① Openness is at the heart of the American character. ② In the story, the main character has left his girlfriend and baby. ③ The whole character of the school has changed. ④ His foreign friends are interested in our Chinese characters. 8.Senior high school will help you learn and grow,yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. Be confident,do your best and make us proud.高中将帮助你学习和成长，但你自己有责任实现你的巨大潜力。 自信点，努力点，让我们为你骄傲。(P3) (1)help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 (2)yet conj.然而，但是 (3)be responsible for 对...负责 【注意 be responsible to sb. 对某人负责；（向主管或者上级）承担责任 (4)proud adj. 自豪的---pride n. 骄傲---praise n./v.称赞 单句语法填空 (1)We have the responsibility (protect) the environment. (2)You should take responsibility your actions. (3)It is their (responsible) to ensure that the rules are enforced. (4)Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible their children. (5)They held him responsible the failure of the plan 9.In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and responsible for my own learning.(P5) 事实上，我期待着更加独立，对自己的学习负责 (1)look forward to...期待....(to为介词) (2)independent adj. 独立的→independence n. 独立；自主→independently adv. 独立地 单句语法填空 (1)She looks forward every weekend because she can relax. (2) I look forward (see) you again soon. (3)A good teacher encourages independence thought. (4)He came to symbolize his country's struggle for independence). (5)Going away to college has made me much more (dependent)． 课堂练习：根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式 1．We like our English teacher very much.She always takes a friendly (态度) towards us. 2．Today is my first day at (中学的) high school and I’m writing down my thoughts about it. 3．I’m also interested to learn some folk dances，which will help me (改进) my dancing skills. 4．The best way to turn (潜力) into reality is through much hard work. 5．I was annoyed that I was behind my classmates，so I made (努力)to study. 6．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be (equal) respected. 7．I gave up because I didn’t have any (confident) in myself. 8．Without more training or (advance) technical skills，they’ll lose their jobs. 9．The (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long. 10．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried out (regular)，can improve our health. 阅读一 There’s actually a famous sort of lege(传说) where everyone has these really, really long chopsticks(筷子), too long for them to feed themselves. And so in hell, everyone goes hungry, because they can’t pick up food and put it in their mouths. But in heaven, people take the same chopsticks and then feed each other. Chopsticks are used widely. Across much of Asia, about 1.5 billion people use chopsticks in their daily lives. Different cultures have slightly different variations of chopsticks. Chinese chopsticks tend to be long and round, Korean chopsticks are flatter and often made of metal and Japanese chopsticks tend to be round and very, very pointy. Chopsticks are actually really common in American society today. But there was definitely a time in the late 1800s when Asian men, because they ate rice with sticks, were of a different quality than American men, who ate proper meat with a knife and fork. But when China and the United States began their diplomatic engagement(外交接触) in the 1970s, Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, had to practice eating with chopsticks. As Asian cooking has moved from the East into the West, chopsticks have interestingly become part of the experience. Chopsticks can date from the Shang dynasty which is about 3000 years ago, and they loved tripods(鼎) during that time. So when you cooked with these big tripods, chopsticks were actually really useful, because it was a way for you to reach without getting burned as the water was boiling in these really big pots. Chinese culture has knives and has forks. It uses them in many cases for cooking. But in the dining room, it is the chopsticks. 1. Why does the author mention the legend in Paragraph 1? A. To give examples. B. To make comparisons. C. To raise questions. D. To introduce the topic. 2. What does the underlined word “variations” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Forms. B. Features C. Changes. D. Kinds. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People loved to use tripods because of chopsticks. B. Chopsticks have been used since the ancient times. C. Chopsticks may get you burned by the boiling water. D. People use knives and forks to follow Chinese culture. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Chopsticks can do the same job as knives and forks. B. Chopsticks have become more popular across the world. C. Chopsticks have caused trouble in diplomatic engagement. D. Chopsticks will be replaced by knives and forks in the future. 阅读二 Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis (分析) shows a surprising answer: while obesity (肥胖) increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it. These studies included almost 3 million adults from around the world, yet the results were clearly the same, the authors of the analysis said. “If you have a medical condition, your chances, of living are slightly better if you are a bit on the heavy side,” says study author Katherine Flegal, “Several factors may contribute to this finding.” “Heavier people may tend to see the doctor earlier,” she says, “and may be more likely to be treated according to the doctor’s advice. Obesity itself may protect the heart, or someone who is heavier might be better able to fight against a shock to the system.” For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies. The researchers looked at the participants’ (参与者) body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat that takes into consideration a person’s height and weight. The researchers found that, compared with people of normal weight, overweight people had a 6 percent lower risk of death. Obese people, however, had an 18 percent higher risk. For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed. While the study found a relation between weight and the risk of early death, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Indeed, one expert warmed that body weight alone cannot tell health and the risk of death. “There are other factors that play a role in health,” says Dr. William, a professor at Louisiana State University. “BMI simply is a parameter (参数); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration.” 5. What did Flegal’s team do for their study? A. They interviewed almost 3 million adults. B. They did 97 experiments with fat people. C. They collected data on 2.88 million people. D. They talked with doctors for medical conditions. 6. Compared with people of normal weight, the least obese people had a(n)______ risk of death. A 5 percent lower B. 6 percent lower C. 18 percent higher D. 29 percent higher 7. Which of the following may Dr. William agree with? A. Weight contributes to the risk of early death. B. Weight has no relation with the risk of death. C. BMI is only a factor to judge people’s health. D. BMI alone can tell people’s health conditions. 8. What can be the suitable title for the passage? A. Obesity kills B. The thinner, the healthier C. BMI counts D. A bit overweight, a longer life 课后练习 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BC．29．(influence) by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest 30． history when he was a child. He learned Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get 31． wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly 32． helped him in his later career as a historian. His father's dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian 33． (succeed) his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to, 34． (office) books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because 35． (sort) out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts, His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and 36． (efficient). As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, 37． he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. 38． , he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father's dream, in good times or bad times. After more than 10 years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed. 03 进门考 选词填空 rise to，take advantage of，make a difference，last but not least，lie in，look forward to，lead to，be responsible for 1．The beauty of the city the unique style of its buildings. 2．If you the challenges，you will have the opportunity to get highly paid. 3． ，I would like to thank my mother. 4．They tried their best to the chance that their school offered to study hard. 5．There is only one path our small village. 6．The lady standing there our foreign sales. 7．Everyone has his special skills and interests，and only by discovering them can he truly ． 8．We are the school sports meeting. 第三讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第三课时)+七选五专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school Grammar and usage的词汇和句型； 2、学习语法：句子成分和句型结构； 3、七选五训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 一、单词讲解 34.focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ n. 焦点,重点. vi. &vt. 集中(6) 【拓展】focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于…… the focus of ……的焦点/中心 focus one's eyes/attention/energy on...把某人的视线/注意力/精力集中到……上 【注意】focused adj.注意力集中的；目标明确的 35.detail /ˈdiːteɪl/ n. 细节;具体情况(6) →detailed adj.详细的，细致的 in detail详细地 36.as a result of 由于(6) →as a result of 因为 37.tip /tɪp/ n. 指点,实用的提示;尖端;小费(7) 38.base /beɪs/ vt. 以…为基础(依据) n. 根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营(7) 【拓展】base...on/upon...把……建立在……上；以……为根据 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) 【注意】①basis n．原因；准则；基础 on the basis of在…的基础上;因为… ②basic adj.基本的；基础的 39.remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ vt. 提醒,使想起(7) remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb.that...提醒某人…… 【名师指津】类似的动词短语还有： ①accuse sb of sth控告/指责某人某事 ②rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物 ③rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物 ④inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 ⑤cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病 ⑥suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人做某事 ⑦warn sb of sth 警告某人某事 ⑧convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 40.stick to 坚持;固守,维持(7) 【归案】to为介词的固定搭配 ①stick to　坚持 ②lead to 导致 ③adapt to 适应 ④pay attention to 注意 ⑤be/get used to 习惯于 ⑥look forward to 渴望；盼望；期盼 ⑦contribute to 对有贡献,有助于,导致,引起 ⑧get down to 开始认真做…… 41.proposal /prəˈpəʊzl/ n. ①提议,建议,动议(9)②求婚 →propose v.①提议；建议+名词/that(主语+(should)+do sth)/doing sth ②打算；计划+to do sth/doing sth ③求婚 propose to sb 向某人求婚 42.aim /eɪm/ n. 目的,目标. vi. &vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对(9) •with the aim of...有……的目的 •(sb)aim at瞄准；目的在于 (sb)aim to do.../at doing...旨在做…… (sth)be aimed at/to do 目的是；旨在 【拓展】aimless adj.无目的的 aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 43.style /staɪl/ n. 风格;方式;样式(9) in style 流行的 out of style 过时的 44.technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧,技艺;技能(9) →technical adj.技术的；技能的→technically adv.技巧上地，与技术有关地→technician n.技师；技术人员→technology n.技术；科技 45.workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 研讨会,讲习班;车间,作坊(9) 46.professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 职业的,专业的;有职业的;婀熟的,精通业务的. n. 专门人员,专业人士(9) →profession n．专业；职业 47.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料;素材. adj. 物质的,实际的;客观存在的(9) 48.poster /ˈpəʊstə(r)/ n. 海报,(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人(9) 二、重要句型 1.Setting goals gives you a focus in life. (P6) 设定目标让你有了生活的重心。 (1)set goals 设定目标 (2)focus n. 焦点，重点 vt. & vi. 集中 【拓展】focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于…… focus one's eyes/attention/energy on...把某人的视线/注意力/精力集中到……上 the focus of ……的焦点/中心 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 ... come into focus ……成为焦点 bring ... into focus 使……成为焦点 【注意】focused adj.注意力集中的；目标明确的 stay focused 保持专注 These issues have recently come into sharp focus.这些问题最近成为人们关注的焦点。 练习 (1)The coach is able to focus the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. (2)They focus on (keep) their soil rich and free of disease. (3)Education was the main focus attention at the meeting. (4)With his attention (focus) on his study, he forgot the date completely. 2.To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. (P6) 为了实现目标，你需要制订一个好的计划，合理利用时间，并且注意细节。 (1)realize your goals 实现你的目标 (2)manage your time well 合理安排时间 (3)pay attention to... 关注..... (4)detail n. 细节；具体情况 【搭配】go into detail(s) 详细叙述 in detail 详细地 provide/give/find out details 提供/给出/搞清细节 further/more details about/of ... 有关……更多的细节 【拓展】 detail v. 详述 detailed adj. 详细的 There is a detailed introduction to all the local hotels in the booklet. (形容词)宣传册上有对当地所有旅馆的详述。 She went into detail(s) about the travel plan. 她详述了旅行计划。 练习:这个理论在这本书中有详细的解释。 The theory in this book. 3. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life. (P6) 因为你付出的行动，梦想就会成真，你便有希望过上幸福的生活。 (1)as a result of 由于（as a result of是介词短语，可置于句首或句末） As a result of the fever, he didn’t do well in the test. 因为发烧，所以他没考好。 【拓展】as a result 结果是（as a result是副词短语，常置于句首） result in 导致 result from... 由....引起 He had a fever. As a result , he didn’t do well in the test. 他发烧了，所以没考好。 (2)hopefully adv.有希望地，有前途地 单句语法填空 ①Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that (result) in big benefits. ②Let us hope that peace will result our talks. ③He made one big mistake, and, a result, lost his job. 4. Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. (P7)相反，你应该基于自己的能力和技能确立目标。 (1)instead adv. 代替，顶替，反而 do sth instead 改做某事 (2)base vt. 以……为基础（依据） n. 【搭配】base on/upon 以……为基础（或依据） (be) based on/upon 以……为基础（或依据） base ... in ... 以……为据点；把……（总部等）设在…… at the base of sth 在某物的底部 【拓展】basis n．原因，根据；准则；基础；根基；主要成分（或部分） basic adj. 基本的；必需的 basically adv. 基本上，从根本上说 baseless adj. 无根据的 The campsite provided only basic facilities.野营地只提供基本设施。 There have been some problems but basically it’s a good system.虽然出现过一些问题，但这基本上仍不失为一个好系统。 The rumours were completely baseless.那些谣传毫无根据。 (3)the ability to do.... 做某事的能力 练习 ①The movie (base)on a true story. ②On the (base) of these facts, we can draw a conclusion. ③The hotel provides (base) amenities such as towels and soap. ④The two books are (base) the same, just with different covers. ⑤ (base)on a true story, the film is very popular. (4)过去分词短语作状语 本句中的“based on your abilities and skills”是过去分词短语作状语，表示方式 Told that his mother was ill, Li Hua hurried home quickly.李华得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。 Satisfied with what she did, the teacher praised her in class.老师对她所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了她。 [归纳拓展] 过去分词(短语)作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。还可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等 单句语法填空 ① (compare) with my sister，I still have a long way to go. ②The new cup fell down to the ground, (break)． ③ (catch) in a heavy rain，he was all wet. ④ (bear)in a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 5. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. (P7)这会提醒你在为什么而努力，并让你保持专注。 (1)remind vt. 提醒，使想起 【搭配】remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事 remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事 remind sb that ... 提醒某人 That smell reminds me of France.那股气味让我想起了法国。 Remind me to buy some milk tonight. 提醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。 【拓展】 reminder n. 引起回忆的事物 (2) keep sb focused 使某人集中注意力 单句语法填空 ①His message reminded me the appointment today. ②Please remind me (write) to my mother tomorrow. ③ (remind) several times, the manager still forgot the meeting. ④I was about to call Jack to remind him we would meet at 8：00 a.m. when he came in. 6. After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (P7)设定好目标后，重要的是坚持并朝着目标努力。 (1)stick to 坚持；固守，维持 【搭配】stick to sb’s word 遵守诺言 stick to the rules 遵守规则 stick out 突出，显眼 stcik around 逗留，停留 【拓展】stick v. 戳，粘贴，卡住 (2)work hard towards ...为……努力工作；朝.....努力工作 单句语法填空 ①She found it impossible to stick a diet and look forward to cooking for herself. ②They wrote the notice in big red letters so that it would stick ． ③Stick ; we'll need you to help us to pack our bags later. 7 Proposal for a new club (P9) 新的俱乐部建议书 proposal n. 提议，建议，动议 【搭配】 [归纳拓展] (1)propose vt.　提议；建议 propose doing sth. 提议做某事 propose that...(should) do...建议……做…… It is proposed that... 有人提议…… (2)proposal n. 提议，建议，动议 a proposal+for sth/to do sth/that引导的同位语从句 ……的提议 make/present/put forward a proposal 提出建议 The experts’ proposal that a garbage classification plant should be built was accepted.专家们提出的建垃圾分类厂的提议被采纳了。 【拓展】propose vt. 提议，建议 【例句】 He proposed changes to the old system.=He proposed that changes should be made to the old system. =He proposed making changes to the old system.他建议更新旧系统。 单句语法填空 ①He proposed (change) the name of the company. ②He proposed that a new school (build) here. ③In a word，I'm in favor of the (propose) improved by our manager. ④It (propose)that the president be elected for a period of two years. 8. Club aim: To improve short story writing skills (P9)俱乐部目标：提升短篇小说写作技能 aim n. 目的，目标 vi. & vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对 [归纳拓展] (1)aim at doing sth.力求达到；力争做到 aim at/for sth. 努力取得 aim to do sth. 力争做到 be aimed at 目的是，旨在 (2)with the aim of 目的是，怀着……的目的 (3)aimless adj. 没有方向的，无目标的 This picture book is aimed at children.这本绘本的目标读者是儿童。 【拓展】 单句语法填空 (1)Take careful aim the target before firing. (2)They aim at (improve) quality rather than increasing quantity. (3)What do you aim (do) in New Year? (4)We should aim higher standards. (5)He wandered (aim) around the street. (6)She went to London the aim of finding a good job. 9. Read short stories in different styles (P9)阅读不同风格的短篇小说 style n. 风格；方式；样式 【搭配】 style of painting/writing/architecture 绘画/写作/建筑风格 in the style of 以……的风格 not my style 不是我的风格 in style 流行；气派 out of style 不流行 Influenced by some impressionists, Vincent van Gogh developed a new style of painting.受一些印象派画家的影响，文森特·梵高发展出一种新的绘画风格。 Skinny jeans are still in style. 紧身牛仔裤依旧很流行。 【拓展】 stylish (=fashionable) adj. 时髦的 stylist n. 发型师；时装设计师 10. Invite professional writers to give talks on short story writing. (P9)邀请专业作家做有关短篇小说写作的演讲。 (1)professional adj. 职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士 【搭配】 professional skills 专业技能 professional help 专业帮助 professional practice 行业惯例 professional women 职业女性 You need to seek professional advice to solve this problem.要解决这个问题，你需要寻求专业意见。 You can’t miss this opportunity for professional development.你不能错过这次专业进修的机会。 【拓展】 profession n. （尤指需要较高教育水平的）职业，行业 professor n. 教授 (2)the talk on.... 有关....的讲座 三、语法 (一)句子成分 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 【知识梳理1】主语 主语是动作的执行者或发出者。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当。一般在句首。 例1. Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 例2. He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 例3. Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 例4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） 例5. What we should do is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 【知识梳理2】谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。位于主语后面。 例1. His parents are teachers. （系动词作谓语） 例2. We study hard.（行为动词作谓语） 例3. We don’t finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 例4. He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 【知识梳理3】宾语 宾语是动作、行为的承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 例1. She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） 例2. We often help him.（代词作宾语） 例3. He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） 例4. We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 例5. She says（that）she is ill.（从句作动词宾语） 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，直接宾语指物间接宾语指人。 【知识梳理4】宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。 例1. We made the charity show a success. （名词作宾补） 例2. They make her happy.（形容词作宾补） 例3. Please let him in.（副词作宾补） 例4. We found everything in good condition. （介词短语作宾补） 例5. I see her dance.（省略to的不定式作宾补） 例6. We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.（带to的动词不定式短语作宾补） 例7. We heard her singing a song.（分词短语作宾补） 【知识梳理5】表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及某些分词或从句来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 例1. I am a teacher.（名词作表语） 例2. He is always happy.（形容词作表语） 例3. I am here.(副词作表语) 例4. They are on the playground now.（介词短语作表语） 例5. My dream is to be a doctor.(不定式作表语) 例6. The films were boring yesterday. (分词作表语) 例7. The reason for the missing the first bus is that he got up too late this morning(从句作表语). 批注： Be动词 常考系动词 表保持（keep, stay） 表改变（get, become, turn, go） 感官动词（feel, sound（听起来）, seem/look（看起来）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来）） 如： It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语） We should keep healthy.（keep为系动词, healthy为表语） 【知识梳理6】定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、介词短语或从句等来担任。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 例1. The black bike is mine.（形容词作定语） 例2. What’s your name?（代词作定语） 例3. There are four apples on the table.(数词作定语) 例4. They make paper flowers.（名词作定语） 例5. The girl in white is my sister.(介词短语作定语) 例6. He has something to do. （不定式作定语） 例7. The film directed by Zhang Yimou is very interesting.(分词作定语) 例8. The book which is written by Mo Yan is very famous now.(从句作定语) 【知识梳理7】状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 例1. He did it carefully.（方式副词作状语） 例2.We often help him.（频率副词作状语） 例3. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语作状语） 例4. He sits there.（地点副词作状语） 例5. He works hard in order to make much more money. (不定式作状语) 例6. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作状语） 【知识梳理8】同位语 定义：对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明 举例：We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. He told me the news that our team won the game. (二)句子结构 根据对句子结构的划分，英语的句子可以划分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。 一）、简单句五种基本句型 句型 例句 1、主语+不及物动词 We work. 2、主语+系动词+表语 He is a student. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语 Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补） Tom made the baby laugh. 【知识梳理1】Subject (主语) ＋ Predicate (谓语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen, rise等。 例1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 例2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 例3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 例4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 例5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 【知识梳理2】Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicative(表语) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 1）be 本身没有什么意义，只起联系主语和表语的作用，后可接动词外的任何词； 2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, fall, go等 4）表示状态延续：stay, keep等 【知识梳理3】Subject（主语）+ Predicate（谓语）+ Object（宾语） 此句型的特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 【知识梳理4】Subject（主语）+ Predicate（谓语）+ Indirect Object（间接宾语）+ Direct Object(直接宾语) 此句型的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S +V+DO（直接宾语）+prep（介词）+IO（间接宾语） 例1. I give you help. 例2. I sent him a book. 例3. I bought May a book. 例4. He told me that the film was great. 例5. He asked me what he should do. 批注：接双宾： give, offer, promise, send, show, teach, tell , write等（+to） choose, fetch, get, save, sing, buy等(+for) 【知识梳理5】Subject(主语) + Predicate(谓语) + Object(宾语) + Objective Complement(宾语补足语) 此句型的特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 二）、并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 （1） 并列句的构成方式 用并列连词连接，并列连词的前面可加逗号。 Some students are interested in climbing and others are fond of swimming. We fished all day, but we didn’t catch one. It is raining hard, so we have to stay at home. （2）并列句的分类 ① 能够引导由两个或两个以上意思相关的分句构成的并列句的连词有：and和，而；neither … nor …既不 ……也不……；not only … but (also) …不仅……而且……; both …and ……….和……都；then 然后。 The bell rang and the students rushed into the classroom. Not only did the students dance, but (also) their teachers sang songs. ② 可连接两个并列句，含有转折关系的连词有：but但是；yet然而，可是；while然而；however然而；still但是；whereas然而，而；nevertheless然而。 I think he wanted to speak, but I did not hear. He worked hard, yet he failed to pass the test. The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. Some of the students are hardworking whereas some are lazy. ③ 能够引导由含有选择意义的两个分句构成的并列句的连词有：or 或者，否则；otherwise 否则；either…or…不是…就是… Would you like a cup of tea, or shall we get down to business right away? Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident. Start right now, otherwise you’ll miss the first train. ④ 能够引导由表示因果关系的两个分句构成的并列句的连词有：so所以；for因为；therefore因此。 I must be off now, for my sister is expecting me. The bus was crowded, so I had to stand all the way. 三）、复合句 复合句有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句是句子的主体，从句充当某种句子成分，如：主语，宾语，状语，同位语等，但无论是那种从句都不能独立存在。复合句包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 When we will have the meeting is not decided. (主语从句) It is well-known that many Americans like to eat Chinese food. （主语从句） Do you know when the ancient games began? （宾语从句） That’s because he caught a bad cold. （宾语从句） The idea that they would cross Asia was exciting. （同位语从句） He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定语从句） I will give her the message as soon as she comes back from the meeting. （时间状语从句） 练习 (一)指出下列简单句中画线部分所充当的句子成分 1. Hearing what he said, everybody laughed. _____ 2. Most students in my class like playing chess. _____ 3. His being late made the teacher very angry. _____ 4. The book lying on the desk is on American history. _____ 5. To finish the task on time is impossible. _____ 6. There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store. _____ 7. The red flags waved in the wind. _____ 8. Mr. White will give us a talk next week. _____ _____ 9. This bed seems hard. _____ 10. How interesting the film is! _____ (二)判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 七选五练习 (1) ______________________You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how: Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time, First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good regular time for studying. (2)______________________ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject. Make good use of your time in class. (3)______________________ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. (4) ______________________If you do previewing regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer. Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don’t pass a test, so don't be over worried. (5) ______________________ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying. B. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard. E. Maybe you are an average student. F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class. G. This will help you understand the next class. 课后练习 单句语法填空 1. Marie Curie made a great __________ (contribute)to human development. 2. Developers should have the courage of their convictions and stick __________ what they do best. 3. We should take a positive attitude __________ protecting the environment. 4. Men and women should be treated __________ (equal) in interviews. 5. One of the primary benefits of reading books is its ability to develop your critical __________ (think) skills. 6. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's __________ (confident)． 7. The environmental __________ (challenge)are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷) 8. Since you are a college student, you should learn to be __________(depend) of your parents' help. 9. __________ (advance)technology has brought us great convenience. 10. He has the potential __________ (become)an extraordinary basketball player. 11. As a manager, he has complete confidence __________ his staff. 12. I am confident that I will be equal __________ this post if given the chance. 13. Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible __________ those outcomes, too. 14. I shared with my classmates __________ I read during the vacation. 15. He found an old tree in the garden. Lying under the tree __________ (be) a dog. 16. __________ is often the case, she burns the midnight oil to meet the deadline. 17. In the broad sense, critical thinking is __________ (focus)，organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationship among ideas. 18. There are many __________ (option) courses in my university. 19. I wonder which ones are most suitable and __________ (attract) to your foreign friends? 20. Everyone should have a __________ (balance) diet to keep healthy. 04 进门考 单句语法填空 1．It is (amaze) how quickly a child learns a language. 2．She was trying to do the (challenge) work well. 3．You have (responsible) for clearing up the classroom after class. 4．He told us that it was a (potential) harmful drug. 5．I’d like to see the positive person who is responsible the project. 6．It is important that teachers should treat each student (equal)． 7．Where you live can make such a (different) to the way you feel. 8．After a discussion，they decided to have the plan (improve)． 9. There have been great ________(advance) in medicine in the last ten years. 10. They decided to take advantage _________ the fine weather to go to the country. 第四讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第四课时)+阅读理解专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school Extended reading的词汇和句型； 2、阅读理解专练训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 一、单词讲解 52.a.m. /ˌeɪ ˈem/ 上午,午前(11) 53.p.m. /ˌpiː ˈem/ 下午,午后(11) 54.biology /baɪˈɒlədʒi/ n. 生物学(11) →biological adj.生物的→biologist n．生物学家 Next to biology，I like physics best. 55.tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的,严厉的,坚强的;坚固的(11) 56.alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 闹钟,恐慌,警报;警报器 vt. 使惊恐,使害怕(11) 【拓展】(1)raise/sound the alarm拉响警报,发出警报 set alarm bells ringing拉响警报 in alarm惊慌地 (2)alarmed adj.感到担心的/害怕的 be alarmed at/by...对……惊恐/担心 (3)alarming adj.令人害怕的；使人惊恐的 57.contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠(11) 【拓展】•contribute...to...向……捐献……；把……贡献给……；向……投稿 contribute to...导致……，有助于…… •contribution n．捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to...对……做贡献 58.fortunately/ˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adj. 幸运地,幸亏(12) •fortune n.[U]运气，命运；[C]大笔的钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune发财；赚钱 •fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事 •fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)→unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地 59.over time 随着时间流逝,久而久之(12) 61.butter /ˈbʌtə(r)/ n. 黄油(12) 62.pudding /ˈpʊdɪŋ/ n. 甜点;布丁(12) 63.attract /əˈtrækt/ vt. 吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) (12) 64.rugby /ˈrʌɡbi/ n. 橄榄球运动(12) 65.calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法,书法艺术(13) 二、重要句型 1. Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. (P11)去年，我有机会作为交换生到英国的一所中学读书。 (1)exchange n. & vt. 交换；交流；兑换 【搭配】an exchange student 一位交换生 in exchange (for ...) 作为（对……的）交换 exchange ... for ... 把……换取/兑换…… exchange sth with sb 与某人交流/交换某物 exchange ideas/opinions/views/words 交流想法/观点 When I was a middle school student I came to China as an exchange student.我上中学的时候，我作为交换生来到中国。 When we go to America, we have to exchange RMB for dollars.当我们去美国的时候，我们必须把人民币换成美元。 (2)have a chance to do.... 有做某事的机会 单句语法填空 (1)I shook hands and exchanged a few words the manager. (2)Would you like my old TV exchange for this camera? (3)I have offered to paint the house in exchange a week's meals. (4)I wouldn't exchange my apple him for anything. (5)Where can I exchange my dollars pounds? (6)I shook hands and (exchange) a few words with the manager. 2.I stayed with a lovely host family.We were both in year ten and we got on well. (1)host family 寄宿家庭 host n.主人---hostess 女主人 【拓展】host [C] 东道主；主办国（或城市、机构）；节目主持人/ v.主办，主持；做东 (2) in year ten = grade ten 高一 (3)get on well with.... 与....和睦相处 3. In the beginning, however, it was still tough for me to remember everyone’s name! (P11)然而，刚开始时，我仍然很难记住所有人的名字！ (1)in the beginning 一开始 at the beginning of.... 在....的一开始 (2)tough adj. 艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 【搭配】a tough childhood/time/decision 苦难的童年/煎熬的日子/艰难的决定 be tough on/with 对……无情/严厉 talk tough 说话强硬 tough shoes/skin 结实的鞋子/坚韧的皮肤 单句语法填空 ①Don’t be so tough her—she was just trying to help. ②It is tough her to achieve a balance between work and family. 4. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! (P11)我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！ (1)so ... that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词，而that引导结果状语从句。 【拓展】① such ... that ... 也可以表示“如此……以至于……”的意思。 ②so that引导结果状语从句时，置于主句之后，常用逗号隔开。如： He missed the bus, so that he was late for school.他错过了公共汽车，所以上学迟到了。 ③so that引导目的状语从句时，置于主句之后，从句中需要用情态动词may、can或will等，一般不用逗号隔开。如： He got up early so that he could catch the bus.为了能赶上公共汽车，他起得很早。 (2)alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕 【搭配】set one’s alarm for 把闹钟设在…… a false alarm 虚惊一场 in alarm 惊慌地 a fire/smoke alarm 防火/烟雾警报器 set off the alarm 触动警报器 【拓展】 alarming adj. 令人惊慌的 alarmed adj. 感到惊慌的 be alarmed at/by 因为……而感到担心、害怕 The Amazon rainforest is disappearing at an alarming speed.亚马孙热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。 I set my alarm for 6:30 a.m. before going to bed.睡前我把闹钟设在早晨六点半。 单句语法填空 ①The boy was alarmed (see) the bear walking to him. ②For most of the villagers, it was really (alarm) news. ③The woman felt alarmed the news from her parents. ④I turned alarm as the wind blew the door open. 5.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China. (1)find+宾语+宾补（adj./介词短语/doing） I found the room in a complete mess. (2)enjoyable adj.令人愉快的，有乐趣的 (3)advanced adj.先进的；高级的，高等的 be less advanced than...... 不如.....先进 6. Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English. (P11) 在英国，课堂讨论很重要，可是我的贡献不大，因为有时候我没办法用英语清楚地表达自己的观点。 (1)discussion n---discuss v. 讨论 discuss sth with sb 与某人讨论某事 under discussion正在讨论中 (2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠 【搭配】 make a contribution to 对……做出贡献(to是介词) a huge/great/major contribution 伟大的贡献 a(n) significant/important contribution 重大的贡献 【拓展】 contribute vi. & vt. 捐款；添加，增进；是……的原因之一 contribute to 有助于；捐献；带来；促成 She contributed all her pocket money to the earthquake fund.她把所有的零花钱都捐给了地震基金。 I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。 单句语法填空 (1)Learning English makes contributions to one's development some extent. (2)Many warm­hearted people contributed some money the sick girl. (3)He made an outstanding (contribute) to science. (4)I'm sure your suggestion will contribute (solve) the problem. (5)Many people contributed the poor boy, which (contribute) to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about the (contribute) and contributed it a newspaper. 7.Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging. Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.My language skills improved over time. (P11-12)幸好，老师和同学们一直都乐于帮助我，并给予我很多鼓励。 (1)although conj. 虽然----不与but连用，但可与yet连用 (2)there was not as much homework as I was used to 此处as引导定语从句，先行词是homework 【归纳拓展】as引导限制性定语从句时，经常用于以下句式中： such+名词+as 像……一样的 the same+名词+as 和……一样的 No one will believe such stories as he told.没人会相信他讲的故事。 This is not the same city as we saw ten years ago.这座城市已经不是我们十年前看到的那样了。 (3)was used to 过去习惯..... (4)fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏 【拓展】 •fortune n.[U]运气，命运；[C]大笔的钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune发财；赚钱 •fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事 •fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)→unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地 Fortunately, the kid was saved by a passerby from the pond.幸运的是，那个孩子被路人从池塘里救上来了。 I got stuck in the traffic jam, but fortunately I arrived on time. 我遇上了交通堵塞，但幸运的是我按时到了。 Unfortunately, no one took my opinion seriously.不幸的是，没有人严肃看待我的意见。 (5)over time 随着时间的推移;久而久之 单句语法填空 (1)He was fortunate having such supportive parents. (2)You are fortunate (have) such a good friend. (3) was fortunate that no one was hurt in the accident. (4)After graduating from college, he decided to go to a big city to seek his (fortunate). (4) (fortunate), the accident wasn't as serious as it could have been. 8.There were lots of options including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mom’s cooking. (1)option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由 the option of doing sth/the option to do sth n.  选修课 【拓展】optional 可供选择的；选修的 (2)miss v.思恋，想念；错过 【拓展】missing adj. 丢失的；缺少的 9. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. (P12)最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。 attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） 【搭配】 attract sb to sb/sth 引起某人对……的好感 be attracted by 被……吸引 What attracted me to her was her big eyes.吸引我的是她的大眼睛。 【拓展】 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；具有吸引力的事物；向往的地方 She was an attractive woman when she was young.她年轻的时候很有魅力。 Ice cream has great attraction for children. 冰激凌对孩子们有很大的吸引力。 The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction. 长城是一处著名的旅游胜地。 单句语法填空 (1)One of the main (attraction) of the job is the high salary. (2)It is said that the old town used to be an (attract) place. (3)The city has an attraction young people who are looking for excitement. (4)She has an (attract) appearance and a kind heart. (5)The job offer is very attractive him. 10.I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. (1)have the opportunity/chance to do.... 有做某事的机会 (2)experience n. 经历,经验 vt.经历 I have a lot of experiences abroad. He has experience in teaching. 阅读理解一 My journey home from school is nothing special. The train's always busy but I usually find a seat and start reading or texting my friends, making sure, like everyone else, not to look at other people. But last Tuesday was different. I was happily listening to some new music when the train suddenly stopped. This wasn't unusual and I didn't think anything of it. Then after about five minutes, I noticed people were starting to get a bit angry. Fifteen minutes later, people started getting angrier. The longer the train stood still, the angrier people became until finally the announcement came: “We are sorry to announce that this train is delay ed（延误）. That seemed to calm people down and so we all went back to what we were doing before, but soon there was another announcement: "It will be a long time before we get there--a train had broken down in front of us. There was a large sigh throughout the carriage（车厢）but then something unexpected happened: complete strangers started talking to each other. I started chatting to a couple of young tourists. They were from Spain and they were traveling around the UK so I suggested some places they should visit. Next I really surprised myself by starting a conversation with a businesswoman. She was going to take three months to climb Qomolangma. It was great talking to her. Then I decided to get up and go for a walk down the train. I met a woman who had been a student at my school seven years before and knew lots of my teachers. While we were talking, we heard there was a patient in another part of the train who needed help and the woman from my school jumped into action. It turned out she was a nurse and when she came back, she was welcomed as a hero. Then, after two hours, we started moving again. Everyone clapped and cheered and some people, complete strangers three hours before, even hugged. I will never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking. 1. How did the author do when the train suddenly stopped? A. He turned to the other passengers. B. He let out a long deep sigh. C.He paid no attention to it. D. He got angry at once. 2. Why did the train stop? A. It broke down. B. It ran out of gas. C.The track was under repair. D. A previous train stopped working. 3. What did the author talk about with the nurse? A. Their former teachers. B. Some famous tourist spots. C.Some stories of businesswomen. D. Their mountain-climbing experiences. 4. Why did the author consider the journey unforgettable? A. He saved a person's life on the train. B. Talking to strangers made him happy. C. He met some classmates during the trip. D. It was the first time he had met with an accident. 阅读理解二 Rumors (谣言): we've all heard some and we've all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they travel differently because the way we share information has also changed. The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. We don't enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don't have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled (掩饰的) messages. Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox (自相矛盾) is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, the more they see it as true. To finish explaining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the first rumor. Another property (属性) of rumors is that they tend to become viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter (传输者) of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it. How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from communicating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor. One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That's why we say, "History is always told by the winners." The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor's version of the story. 1. What can we learn about rumors? A. We have all heard some and believed them. B.We're happy to be the receiving end of them. C.They may have negative influence on society. D.They often hide good intentions in the messages. 2. How are rumours like a tree? A. Rumours keep changing, just as trees change their colour. B. Rumours are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth. C. New rumours have gaps, like the space between tree branches. D. New rumours grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk. 3. What does the underlined word ‘viral’ in Para 4 probably mean? A. Something easily spread. B.Something acceptable. C.Something easily defended. D.Something beneficial. 4. Which of the following may the author agree with? A. It is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors. B. People are often active in judging the rumors critically. C. We should think about the hidden message of the rumors. D. Stories told by the victors are usually better worth trusting. 课后练习 课文原句填空 1. In time you will find yourself ___________(grow) into a well-rounded individual. 2. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a(n) challenge in the years ahead, and __________the teachers will hold us to higher standards. 3. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you ________(focus). 4. Last but not least, always look________ the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. 5. It is good idea to put your goals _________ you can see them. 6. The classes are different from _________ in China. 7. At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, _______ (attract) more students. 8. Chinese calligraphy is one of the many optional courses ________(offer) to students who are interested in traditional art. 9. Don’t push yourself to achieve more than __________ is possible. 10.You need to make a ____________(continue) effort to train your mind and develop your character. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修一 Unit 1 Back to school(第一课时)+完型专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school ReadingⅠ词汇和句型； 2、完型训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Part One New words in Reading 1.potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 潜力;可能性. adj. 潜在的,可能的(2)adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜在地，可能地(2) have the potential to do sth有潜力做某事 realize/achieve one’s potential发挥某人的潜力 2.senior /ˈsiːniə(r)/ adj. 中学的(招收11或13岁以上学生);级别高的;高级水平的;老年的. n. 级别(或地位)较高者;较…年长的人;高水平运动员(2) →be senior to比……年长；级别高于…… John is senior to me by two years. 约翰比我年长两岁。 3.path /pɑːθ/ n. 道路;小路;成功的途径(2) the path to...... 4.challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. & vt. 挑战;质疑(2)→challenging adj.具有挑战性的 challenge sb to sth向某人挑战(某事) challenge sb to do sth向某人挑战做某事 5.thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思维,思想;想法(2) 6.positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极乐观的;良好的,正面的(2) 7.opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会,时机(2) the opportunity to do 做某事的机会 8.lie in 存在,在于(2) 9.rise to 能够处理(2) 10.acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ vt. 获得,得到(2) acquire a good knowledge of 学会；精通 acquire a habit of养成……的习惯 11.effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力,费力的事;试图(2) make an effort to do sth努力做某事 without effort毫不费力 12.advance /ədˈvɑːns/n. 进步,进展;前进,行进. vt. & ⅵ. 发展,进步(3)→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 advance on/towards sb./sth.向某人/物前进/行进 in advance预先；事先；预付 make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步 13.amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的(3)→amazement n．吃惊；惊讶 to one’s amazement使某人惊讶的是 14.confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/n. 信心,信任把握(3)→confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidently adv.自信地 build up one’s confidence树立信心 have confidence in 对……有信心 be confident of/about/that...对……有信心/确信 15.make a difference 起作用,有影响,有关系(3) 16.make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受(3)==make full/good use of=make the best of 17.resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源;资料,谋略(3) 18.take advantage of 利用(3)→disadvantage n．不利条件 gain/win/have an advantage over...胜过，优于；比……有优势 to one’s advantage对某人有利；有利于 at an advantage处于有利地位 19.facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施,设备;场所(3) 20.equal /ˈiːkwəl/ adj. 相同的,相等的,平等的;相当的,能胜任的. n. 同等的人(物). vt. 与…相等;比得上(3) (1)be equal to sth/sb in sth. 在某方面与……相等/相同； be equal to (doing) sth.胜任做某事 (2)equal sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面与某人匹敌 (3)be of equal importance 同等重要 (4)equally adv.平等地；同样地 21.attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/n. 态度,看法(3) 22.goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标;进球得分(3) set clear goals 设定清晰的目标 achieve one’s dream/goal实现梦想/目标 23.balance /ˈbæləns/ vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性. n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力(3) (1)balance...against... 把……与……进行权衡 keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 (2)balanced adj.平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 24.improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ vt. & vi. 改进,改善(3) 25.last but not least 最后但同样重要的(3) 26.well-rounded /ˌwel ˈraʊndɪd/ adj. 全面发展的;面面俱到的(3) 27.individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ n. 个人. adj. 单独的,个别的(3) a well-rounded individual 一个全面发展的人 28.character /ˈkærəktə(r)/n. 品质,性格;特点;人物,角色;文字(3)→characteristic n.特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的 29.responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任,负责;可靠的(3)→responsibility n.责任；责任心 be responsible for对……负责；是……的原因 30.ahead /hed/ adv. (时间、空间)向前;提前(3) 31.junior /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/ adj. (学校)为11或13岁以下儿童设立的;地位(或级别)低的;青少年的. n. 职位较低者,青少年运动员(5) 32. forward /ˈfɔːwəd/ adv. 向将来;向前;进展,前进(5) 33.independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 自主的,有主见的;自立的(5)--dependent adj.依赖的---depend v.依靠 Part Two New words and sentence patterns in Reading 1.Today is the start of a new term,the start of a three-year journey and the start of a promising future.今天是新学期的开始，是三年征程的开始，也是美好未来的开始。(P2) (1)the start of ....的开始 (2)three-year有连字符是形容词 (3) promising adj.有希望的，有前途的 【拓展】promise sb sth承诺某人某事 (4) the journey to... 去.......的旅程 2.Realizing your potential (P2)发挥你的潜能 potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 【搭配】show/have potential 有潜能 achieve/realize one’s(full)potential(充分)发挥潜力/潜能 the potential to do/for sth. 做某事的潜力 【拓展】 potentially adv. 潜在地，可能地 单句语法填空 (1)She has the potential to become (become) a great leader. (2)The old building is potentially (potential) dangerous and needs to be inspected检查. (3)I think he has the potential ________ become an expert in this field. to 3.I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. (1) senior /ˈsi:niə(r)/ adj. 中学的;级别高的;高级水平的;老年的. n. 级别(或地位)较高者;较…年长的人;高水平运动员 ---seniority / ˌsi:niˈɒrəti / n.年长，职位高；资历，年资 be senior to...比……年长(资深) be junior to...比……年轻(资浅),级别低于…… He is senior/junior to me. 他的职位比我高/低。 (2)can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待做某事”。 表示“迫不及待地做某事”的表达还有： can hardly wait to do sth.=can hardly wait for sth.=cannot wait for sth. The woman can't wait to see her son.这个女人迫不及待地想见到儿子。 (3) describe v. 描述----description n. 描述，形容，说明；类型 单句语法填空 (1)He is senior to me by seven years. (2) He has seniority (senior) over many of his colleagues. (3)She is junior to me in the company but shows great potential. 4. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges:：a new environment，new knowledge and new ways of thinking. (P2)你们面前的道路通向一个充满挑战的世界;新的环境，新的知识和新的思维方式 (1)path n. 道路;小路;成功的途径 the path to... 通往…的道路或途径 There are many paths leading to the tower on the hill. (2)lead to 通向 (3)full of 充满=filled with -----可以作后置定语修饰名词 (4)challenge n. & vt. 挑战；质疑 --- challenging adj. 挑战性的----challenged adj. 受到挑战的 ----challenger n. 挑战者 【搭配】 face a challenge 面临挑战 meet the challenge 迎接挑战 take on/accept a challenge 接受挑战 challenge sb.(to sth.) 向某人挑战；邀请某人比赛 challenge sb.to do sth. 要求/激励某人做某事 Schools must meet the challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 It was challenging, but she also made it fun.这很有挑战性，但她也让它变得很有趣。 (5)thinking n. 思维,思想;想法 new ways of thinking新的思维方式 Unless we change our thinking，the wildlife here will be in danger.除非我们改变我们的想法，否则这里的野生动物将处于危险之中。 练习 (1) Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges (challenge) we face. (2)The opposition leader反对党领导 challenged the prime minister首相 to call (call) 要求an election. (3)This is a book full of profound深刻的, original, and challenging (challenge) insights洞察力. (4)We were challenged (challenge) by police at the border边界. (5)She does not like anyone challenging(challenge) her authority.权威 (6)I quickly lower myself弯腰, ducking my head低下头 to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged (challenge). (7)of the primary主要的 benefits of reading books is its ability to develop your critical批判的_________ (think) skills. thinking 5. However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge. (P2) 不过，对你们当中思维积极的人来说，每一个挑战中都蕴藏着机遇。 (1)positive adj. 积极乐观的；良好的，正面的 be positive about 对……积极乐观的 on the positive side 从好的方面看 【拓展】negative adj. 悲观的，消极的；否定的，拒绝的 neutral adj.中立的，不偏不倚的；中性的，不带感情色彩的 She has a very positive attitude towards life. 她对生活持有非常乐观的态度。 As a star, he has a positive influence on teenagers. 作为明星，他对青少年的影响是正面的。 (2)opportunity n. 机会，时机 the opportunity/chance to do sth. 做某事的机会 (3)lie in 存在于；位于 (表示“在于”时，主语通常为抽象名词) Happiness doesn’t lie in/consist in how many possessions you own.幸福不在于你拥有多少财产 练习 (1)She tried to be more positive about her new job. (2) On the positive side, profits have increased. (3)His family has a very positive influence on him. (4)We should be given more _________(opportunity)to use what we’ve learned in order to have a better grasp of it. 【答案】opportunities (5)Your problem lies _________ lacking efficient methods. 6.When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. (P2)在迎接挑战的时候，你们将有机会掌握大量的知识，并享受个人的成长。 (1) rise to 能够处理 give rise to.....引起，导致，产生 rise to one’s feet站起身 on the rise在增加=on the increase The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems.食品的短缺引起了严重的问题。 (2)have an opportunity/chance to do sth 有机会做某事 (3)acquire vt. 获得，得到---acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n / n. （知识、技能等的）获得；购得物 ---acquired adj.学到的，获得的；后天养成的 acquire a good knowledge of 学会；精通 acquire a habit of养成……的习惯 language acquisition 语言习得 We should try to acquire a good habit of taking notes while listening in class.听课时，我们应该努力养成做笔记的好习惯。 (4)personal个人的----person个人----personality n.个性 【拓展】in person亲自 单句语法填空 (1)He has acquired a taste for fine wine over the years.对好酒有了鉴赏力 (2)The company plans to make an acquisition (acquire) to expand its business. (3)Joining the English Club gives me an opportunity to acquire (acquire)a better knowledge of English. (4)Smoking is an ________ taste and is not in born. 【答案】acquired 7.Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. (P2) 最重要的是，你们在高中阶段度过的时光、付出的努力将会为你们叩开潜能的大门。 (1)most importantly最重要的是：用于强调某个观点或事实比其他事物更为重要。 (2)effort n. 努力，费力的事；试图---effortless adj.不需费力的，容易的--effortful adj.需要努力的 【拓展短语】 ①with effort 努力地 ②without effort 毫不费力地；容易地 ③put effort into sth 努力做某事 ④spare no effort to do sth/make every effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事 A lot of effort was put into making the invitation. 制作请帖花了很多精力。 He finished the task with little effort. 他没费多少力就完成了任务。 (3) open the door to为......敞开大门；打开...的大门 单句语法填空 (1)He made an effortful (effort) attempt to solve the difficult problem. (2)We should put more effort into our studies. (3)They made a great effort to finish (finish) the project on time. (4)The athlete performed the difficult routine 一套动作with effortless (effort) ease.容易，自在 (5)I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results. (6)The strong young man removed the rock without effort. 8.Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.简单地说，潜力是你天生的能力，只要你足够努力，就可以开发出来。 (1)put simply=to put it simply 简而言之 To put it simply, the meeting is a waste of time. (2)natural adj.天然的；天生的,本能的--naturally adv.天然地；必然地；天生地--nature n.大自然,秉性,本质 natural ability 天赋 9.Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop! (P3) 谁知道未来你们能创作出哪些精美的艺术品，实现哪些医学突破，或者开发出哪些不可思议的技术！ (1)works of art 艺术品 (2)advance n. 进步,进展;前进,行进. vt. & ⅵ. 发展,进步→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 【拓展】advance on/towards sb./sth.向某人/物前进/行进 in advance预先；事先；预付= ahead of time in advance of…比…先进；超前于… make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步 medical advances 医学进步 We made great advances in the chemical sciences.我们在化学研究中取得了重大进步。 We arrived there half an hour in advance.我们提前半个小时到了那里。 Advanced technology has brought us great convenience. 先进的科技给我们带来了巨大的便利。 (3)amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的；令人诧异的 amazing technologies 惊人的技术 【拓展】①amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 be amazed at/ by sth. 对某事感到惊讶 be amazed to see / find / learn …惊奇地看到/发现/ 得知… ②amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 in amazement 惊奇地 to one’s amazement 令人惊讶的是 练习 (1)Because of the popularity of the region区域, it is advisable明智的 to book hotels or camp sites露营营地 in advance. (2)The company is known for its use of advanced (advance) technology. (3)Let the world know more about China, and let China advance _________ the world. towards/on (4)She looked at him in amazement. (5)In great amazement (amaze), the teacher looked at the little girl. (6)I was amazed to see (see)Bolt break the world record at an amazing speed of 9.58 seconds in the 100 meters race. 10.The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family，to your community and to our country.可能性是无限的，我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家带来改变。 (1)endless adj.无止境的，无穷尽的；永久的，无休止的 (2)confidence n. 信心,信任把握→confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidently adv.自信地 【归纳关于】 ①build up one’s confidence树立信心 ②have confidence in 对……有信心 ③with confidence 肯定地；有把握地 ④be confident of/about/that...对……有信心/确信 We teachers should help them to have confidence in themselves, whether they are boys or girls, high or low achievers. 无论是男孩还是女孩， 成绩好的还是成绩差的，我们作为老师都应该帮助他们树立自信心。 We are confident that with our efforts, a final agreement will be reached in the future. 我们确信，通过我们的努力，未来将达成共同协议。 (3)make a difference 起作用,有影响,有关系(3) make a difference (to/in sb./sth.) (对某人/物)起作用/有关系/有影响 tell the difference between...and...辨别/区分(……与……) the difference between A and B 区分A和B 练习 (1)It is quite obvious that he is confident ________ his life in the future. 【答案】about (2)It was my suggestion that made him _________(confidence) of success. 【答案】confident (3)Confidence (confident) is the key to success. (4)The players all have confidence in their manager. (5)He plays with confidence; as a result, every game he improves a lot. (6) makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. It (7)It is hard to tell the difference between the old one the new one. and 11.Over the next three years,you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. 在接下来的三年里，你会发现你作为一个学生和一个人的潜力。 【句型分析】while“在.....期间”，引导时间状语从句 My husband answered the door while I was on the phone in the dining room.我在餐厅里打电话时，丈夫去应门。 While I was in Beijing in 2019, I saw the film The Wandering Earth.2019年在北京时，我看了电影《流浪地球》。 【归纳拓展】 (1)while引导状语从句时，意为“当……的时候；虽然”。 (2)while还可用作并列连词，意为“而……”，表示对比 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her parents died she was still at school. ②You can go swimming I'm having lunch. ③Tom's very good at science， his brother is absolutely hopeless. ④ ，I helped her out of trouble and gain confidence. 虽然我不喜欢她，但还是帮她走出困境并获得自信。 (1)while (2)while (3)while (4)While/Though/Although I disliked her 12.To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.为了充分发挥你的潜力，充分利用我们学校的资源是很重要的 (1)realize your potential (充分)发挥潜力/潜能 (2)make the most of =make full/good use of 充分利用=make the best of Last but not least，it’s everyone’s responsibility to make the most of water. (3)resource n. 资源;资料,谋略 natural resources 自然资源 make the most of our school resources 充分利用学校资源 (3)It＋be＋n.＋(for sb.)＋to do sth. It＋be＋adj.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth. 单句语法填空 ①She really tries to make (much) of herself by dressing well. ②So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use a wider vocabulary than ever before. ③You should make best of this opportunity to communicate with others. (1)the most (2)of (3)the ④Good use has been made of the natural ____________ (resource) to improve people’s life in this area. resources 13.Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities.好好利用你的课程，向老师和同学学习，并充分利用我们学校的设施。 (1)take advantage of 利用→ advantage n.优势;利条件→ disadvantage n．劣势,不利条件 【拓展】have an advantage over...胜过，优于；比……有优势 have the advantage of..... 有……的优势 to one’s advantage对某人有利；有利于 at an advantage处于有利地位 (2)learn from sb 向某人学习 learn to do 学做.... (3)make use of 利用 (4)facility n. 设施,设备;场所 【区别】service n.[C]公共服务系统，公共事业；[U]（对顾客的）接待，招待，服务 单句语法填空 ①They took advantage the fine weather to play tennis with their friends. ②She had advantage of a good education compared with senior high school students. ③You will be an advantage if you think about the plan ahead of time. (1)of (2)the (3)at have the advantage of.... 具有……的优势或优点 ④The city’s aging _________(facility)do not have the ability to deal with the waste. 【答案】facilities【句意】这个城市的旧设备不能处理垃圾。 完形 Maggie Doyne was 18 when she took a gap year between high school and college. She ___41___ a few of her belongings and set out to see the world. Doyne's story began when she worked with ___42___ children at a school in northern India. One day, she saw a little girl named Hema carrying ___43___ to and from the village. She earned two dollars a day to support her family. ___44___ by what she saw she later found out that there were 80 million children across the globe living ___45___ Hema. She thought to herself for the first time, “___46___ the 80 million, what if you just started with Hema?" That's when Doyne decided to take Hema ___47___ and pay for her education. But helping Hema wasn't enough for Doyne. There were ___48___ children without families or homes. So she bought a small piece of land for $5,000 with her babysitting ___49___. Her goal was to build ___50___ for those children. “The amazing thing about this work is that it's ___51___. Since I can help one kid, why not 10?” Doyne said. The Kopila Valley Children's Home ___52___ 200 children when it first opened in 2007, and it continues to ___53___. Doyne has also opened a school in Kopila Vally. Maggie Doyne's story is a great ___54___ that while we cannot solve all the world’s problems on our own, we can take the first ___55___ of solving one problem. 41. A. folded up B. packed up C. sold out D. put out 42. A. strong-willed B. narrow-minded C. light-hearted D. poverty-stricken 43. A. loads B. permits C. messages D. passengers 44. A. Amused B. Terrified C. Shocked D. Embarrassed 45. A. off B. with C. like D. beyond 46. A. Downsize B. Recommend C. Mention D. Forget 47. A. on her feet B. with her hand C. under her wing D. in her arms 48. A. still B. merely C. yet D. barely 49. A. receipts B. pensions C. budgets D. savings 50. A. school B. village C. shelter D. park 51. A. addicting B. efficient C. voluntary D. demanding 52. A. cured B. welcomed C. tracked D. promoted 53. A. expand B. survive C. withdraw D. weaken 54. A. creation B. reminder C. prediction D. informer 55. A. risk B. step C. place D. idea BDACC DCADC ABABB 课后作业 七选五练习 If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.   (1)   Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.   (2)   Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start.   (3)   If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.   (4)   Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.   (5)   If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long. A. You will stick to your diet. B. Your quality of sleep improves. C. You prefer healthy food to fast food. D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly , or you're doing it now, then listen up! GEFBA 综合填空 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Grain Rain (谷雨), as the last term in spring, starts on April 20 and ends on May 4. It 56. __________ (date) from the old saying, “Rain brings up the 57. __________(grow) of hundreds of grains,” With an obvious increase in temperature and rainfall, the grains grow faster, 58. __________ it’s necessary to protect the crops from insect pests. Grain Rain falls 59. ___________ the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and 60. __________ (last) cold air in the north. During this period, the temperature rises 61. __________ (significant). In southern China, there is 62. __________ old custom that people drink tea on the day of Grain Rain. Drinking tea on this day is said 63. __________ (prevent) bad luck. The Grain Rain festival is celebrated by fishing villages in northern China, 64. __________ marks the start of the fishermen’s first voyage of the year. The custom began more than 2,000 years ago, when people honored the gods, who protected them from 65. __________ (defeat) by rough storms. dates; growth; so; between; lasting; significantly; an; to prevent; which; being defeated 02 进门考 语法填空 Welcome to senior high school! I can’t wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like. The path before you leads to a world full of 1__________(challenge). However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies 2__________ each challenge. Most 3_________(important), your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. Potential is your natural ability that can 4________(develop) when you try hard enough. I have 5____________(confident) in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to your country. Over the next three years, you will discover your potential 6___________ you develop as a student and as a person. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you 7_____________(make) the most of our school resources. Take advantage of your classes, join a club or two, and take an active part in different sports. Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and 8_________ positive attitude. Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities. As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your 9__________(communicate) and problem-solving skills. Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “ A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for 10___________(realize) your great potential. 【答案】 1.challenges 2. in 3. importantly 4. be developed 5. confidence 6.while 7. to make 8. a 9. communication 10. realizing 第二讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第二课时)+阅读理解专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school ReadingⅡ词汇和句型； 2、阅读理解训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 Reading Ⅱ句型 1.Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (P3) 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能以及积极的态度。 (1)attitude n. 态度， 看法 a positive / negative attitude 积极的/消极的态度 (2)be of equal importance 同等重要 equal adj.相等的,平等的;能胜任的. n. 同等的人(物). vt. 与…相等;比得上 ---equally adv.平等地；同样地--unequal adj. 不平等的；不相同的---equality iˈkwɒləti n．平等；相等 【搭配】 ①be equal to (doing) sth 胜任(做)某事 ②be equal in 在……方面相等 ③be equal to sb in sth 在……方面与某人不相上下 ④equal sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面与某人匹敌 ⑤be without equal 无与伦比 (2)of equal importance是of+抽象名词结构, 等同于一个形容词 Having enough sleep is of great importance. 有足够的睡眠很重要。 一词多义 ① There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class. adj.相同的，相等的 ② The company has an equal opportunities policy. Adj.平等的 ③ I'm not sure he's equal to the task. adj.能胜任的 单句语法填空 ①I hope that he proves equal to the challenge. ②This job could be done equally(equal) well by a computer. ③He has ability. He is equal ________ the research work. to ④—Why did you choose Jennifer as the leader of the team? —No one was equal ________ her ________ skills and experience. to, in ⑤The film demands attention, and is ________ equal(=has ________ equal)in cinema history. without(no) be equal to sth胜任…… be equal to sb. in sth.在(做)某事上与某人相当 ⑥He is equal ________ accomplishing the task, for no one ________ (equal)him in the area. to, equals (3)“Of equal importance”为介词短语作表语提前，此句是个完全倒装句。正常语序应为good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance. 【注意】英语中，当表语为分词、形容词、副词或介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。构成句型：“分词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be动词＋主语”。 Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄掩埋在沙丘中。 【拓展全部倒装的其他用法】 ①表示方向、地点和时间的副词here, there, now, then等置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妇女。 Up went the rocket into the sky.火箭嗖地一声飞上了天空。 Here comes our headmaster。我们的校长来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 ②表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时。　　 In front of the building stand two trees . Under the chair is a ball . In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City. 【注意】上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装，用正常语序。 Here he comes. 他来了。　　　　 Away they went. 他们走开了。 ③在“there be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live , stand , come , lie , flow , enter , rise 和appear等。 There lies a large rice field in the front of the house . Many years ago there lived an old woman in the wooden house . There came shouts for help from the river . 【补充部分倒装句】 1. so / neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词 + 主语 表示两人的情况一样，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。 Lucy can swim . So can I . Miss Green has been to Shanghai . So have I . Mike does not study hard . Neither does Tom . 【注意】当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。 Lily can ride a bike . So she can . It is raining hard . So it is . 2. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,部分倒装 例：no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, in no case, not until… 等 In no way am I going to adopt any of his methods. 我绝对不会采纳他的任何方法。 Not a single person did I know in the party. Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. 以否定连词开头作部分倒装 not only…but also; hardly……when(一…就…）; 连接两个词或短语时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。 Not only is he busy , but also I have a lot of work to do . Not only does Miss Li speak English very well , but also she speaks French well . Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 4. only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）放在句首时，要用倒装。 Only + 状语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语及其他 Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened . Only in this way can you make progress in your English . Only then did he realize he was wrong . Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need . 【注意】only修饰主语时，语序不变。 Only Jim can do it . 5. as引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意： ①句首名词不能带任何冠词。 ②句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。 Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a) Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。) Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首) 【注意】让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。 单句语法填空 ①Sitting in the hall (be) the two astronauts who were very young. ②Here (come) a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. ③Present at the evening party (be) our English teacher on Thursday. (1)were (2)comes (3)was 单选 ①Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized ②Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you ③---Your father is very strict with you. --- ____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he ④---Here ____！ Where is Xiao Liu ----There ____. A. comes the bus; is he B. comes the bus; he is C. the bus come; is he D. the bus comes; he is ⑤____, I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much ⑥Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know ⑦Not only _____ a promise， but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made ⑧Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill. A. he cared B. did he care C. he cares D. does he care 完成句子练习（用倒装句） ①你决不应该把这个秘密告诉他。 By no means _________________________.【答案】should you tell him about the secret ②坐在前面的是一位老人，他给我们讲述了长征的故事。 Ahead _____________________ who told us the stories about the Long March.【答案】sat the old man ③广场的中央矗立着一块纪念碑。 In the center _________________________ a monument.【答案】of the square stands ④沿路是茂密高大的树木，其中一些有近100年的历史。 Along the road ________________________, some of them with a history of nearby 100 years. 【答案】are thick and tall trees ⑤直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。 Not until ________________________ that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案】I returned did I realize ⑥他很少意识到与他人交流的重要性。 Seldom _______________________________ of communicating with others. 【答案】does he realize the importance/Seldom is he aware of the significance ⑦在任何情况下，我们都不要嘲笑别人，因为过往的经历教导我们，嘲笑别人的结果就是自己被嘲笑。 Under no circumstances ____________________, as past experiences have taught us that laughing at others usually ends up being laughed at by others. 【答案】should we laugh at others ⑧房子前面有一棵树。 There ________________ in front of the house.【答案】stands/is a tree 2.Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.仔细规划你们的学习，设定明确的目标，平衡学业和其他活动。 (1)goal n. 目标= aim/ target ;球门，进球得分 v. 进球得分 set clear goals 设定清晰的目标 achieve one’s dream/goal实现梦想/目标 (2)balance vt. 同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性. n. 均衡,平衡;平衡能力 【拓展】 ①a sense of balance 平衡感 out of balance 失去平衡 keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡 ②balance...against... 把……与……进行权衡 balance A with/and B 使A和B处于平衡状态 ③balanced adj.平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 【注意】 balance n. 账户余额，结余 Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake. 慢慢地移动，然后要确保保持平衡，并且不要让你的身体晃动。 What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet? 如果没有均衡的饮食，你将会怎样？ 单句语法填空 (1)Keeping a balanced (balance) diet is important to our health. (2)It is not easy for a woman to balance her career and/with family. (3)Since teenagers have difficulty balancing(balance) these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. (4)She nearly lost her(she) balance as the bus suddenly moved forward. (5)John's lack of experience (balance) by a willingness to learn.And he tried his best to keep a balance between work relaxation.Most of us need to lead more (balance) lives to be healthy and happy. was balanced; and; balanced (6)Before going on a diet，you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.In my opinion，you'd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health. 3.As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高你的沟通和解决问题的能力。 (1)improve vt. & vi. 改进,改善----improvement n. 改善 a (big) improvement in 在……方面的(巨大)改善 (2)effort n. 努力，费力的事；试图 →反：effortless adj. 不费力气的；应付自如 (3)communication skills交流技能 【拓展】communicate with sb 与某人交流 (4)problem-solving skills 解决问题的能力 problem-solving adj.问题解决的 n.解决问题 单句语法填空 ①The school is going well, but there’s a need for further ______________(improve). 4.Last but not least, always look on the bright side and never lose hope , even in difficult situations.最后但同等重要的是，即使在困难的情况下，总是看到光明的一面，永远不要失去希望 (1)last but not least 最后但同样重要 (2)look on the bright side看到光明的一面；往好的方面看 (3)never lose hope永远不要失去希望 【拓展】lose heart 灰心，泄气 5.In time, you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.(p3) (1)in time 最后，终于 I am sure in time you will understand why she made the choice.我相信你迟早会明白她为什么做出这样的选择。 (2)grow into... 长成.... 【拓展】grow up listening to.. 听着....长大 (3)well-rounded 全面的 【拓展】well-known 众所周知的 well-paid 高薪的 highly-developed 高度发达的 (4)individual n. 个人，个体 adj.个人的 (5)find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.----find的复合结构 【归纳】find后接复合宾语时常用以下形式： ①find＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)　---发现........正在做 ②find＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或完成)---- 发现.......被做 ③find＋宾语＋形容词/介词短语 ④find＋it＋形容词＋to do (it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语) I often find him talking to himself.我经常发现他自言自语。 We found the problem unsolved.我们发现问题还没有解决。 单句语法填空 ①He was surprised to find his room thoroughly_cleaned (clean)． ②When he came to himself, he found his hands tied (tie) back, unable to move. ③When he awoke, he found himself (him) in a room he didn't recognize. ④However, you will find it difficult_to_be_(be)smart online learners for some students without self-control and learning goals. 6.As Lap-Tzu wisely said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” 老子说得好:千里之行，始于足下。(P3) (1)as conj. 正如 【注意】①as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，且位置灵活。 ②which引导非限制性定语从句代指整个主句的内容时，不可位于句首，意为“这一点”；也可指代主句中的某个单词或短语。 She is always working hard, as everyone can see.正如大家所看到的那样，她一直工作很努力。 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher very angry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气 【注意】 如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as，用以对主句的意义进行补充；如果不一致，则用which She has moved again, as was expected. 她又搬家了，这是意料之中的事。 He broke the rules again, which was unexpected. 他又违反了规定，这是出乎意料的 ③as引导非限制性定语从句的常用句式有： as we can see正如我们所看到的 as we all know/as is known to us all众所周知 as is reported正如报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事 as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的 (2)wise adj.--- wisdom n. ---- wisely adv. (3)There is a saying goes that...俗话说得好 单句填空 (1)As was expected, he got a golden opportunity and starred in a TV series. (2)He did not finish the work on time, which made his boss very angry. (3)　　　　Albert Einstein suggested,thing should be made as simple as possible,but no simpler. As (4)He is absorbed in work, ________ he often was. As (5)He bought the car for more than $20，000, ________ made his father unhappy. which (6)The meeting, ________ was held in the park, was attended by 1，000 people. which 7.You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.你需要不断的努力来训练你的思想和发展你的性格。(P3) (1)make a continuous effort to ...不断努力做某事 continuous adj.连续不断的，持续的； (2)character 人物， 性格, 特点 characteristic 特点， 有特色的 单句语法填空 The pub was full of colorful local characters (character)． 一词多义 ① Openness is at the heart of the American character. 品质，性格 ② In the story, the main character has left his girlfriend and baby. 人物，角色 ③ The whole character of the school has changed. 特点，特征 ④ His foreign friends are interested in our Chinese characters. 文字 8.Senior high school will help you learn and grow,yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential. Be confident,do your best and make us proud.高中将帮助你学习和成长，但你自己有责任实现你的巨大潜力。 自信点，努力点，让我们为你骄傲。(P3) (1)help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 (2)yet conj.然而，但是 (3)responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的 【拓展】 ①be responsible for 对...负责 【注意 be responsible to sb. 对某人负责；（向主管或者上级）承担责任】 ②responsibility n.责任 take/have responsibility for.... 为……负责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责 (4)proud adj. 自豪的---pride n. 骄傲---praise n./v.称赞 单句语法填空 (1)We have the responsibility to protect (protect) the environment. (2)You should take responsibility for your actions. (3)It is their responsibility (responsible) to ensure that the rules are enforced. (4)Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be responsible for their children. (5)They held him responsible for the failure of the plan 9.In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and responsible for my own learning.(P5) 事实上，我期待着更加独立，对自己的学习负责 (1)look forward to...期待....(to为介词) 【拓展】 look out (for)留神；注意 look back on 回顾 look up to sb. 钦佩；仰慕；尊敬 look through 仔细查阅，仔细检查 look over 快速浏览；复习 look into 往……里看；调查 (2)independent adj. 独立的→independence n. 独立；自主→independently adv. 独立地 单句语法填空 (1)She looks forward to every weekend because she can relax. (2) I look forward to seeing (see) you again soon. (3)When I look back on the unforgettable activity, I bear bits and pieces of it in mind. (4)Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework. (5)When you have finished your list, look through it again. (6)A good teacher encourages independence of thought. (7)He came to symbolize his country's struggle for independence (independence). (8)Going away to college has made me much more independent (dependent)． independence of thought 思想独立 课堂练习：根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式 1．We like our English teacher very much.She always takes a friendly attitude (态度) towards us. 2．Today is my first day at senior(中学的) high school and I’m writing down my thoughts about it. 3．I’m also interested to learn some folk dances，which will help me (to)__improve(改进) my dancing skills. 4．The best way to turn potential(潜力) into reality is through much hard work. 5．I was annoyed that I was behind my classmates，so I made efforts(努力)to study. 6．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally (equal) respected. 7．I gave up because I didn’t have any confidence (confident) in myself. 8．Without more training or advanced (advance) technical skills，they’ll lose their jobs. 9．The amazing (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long. 10．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried out regularly(regular)，can improve our health. 阅读一 There’s actually a famous sort of lege(传说) where everyone has these really, really long chopsticks(筷子), too long for them to feed themselves. And so in hell, everyone goes hungry, because they can’t pick up food and put it in their mouths. But in heaven, people take the same chopsticks and then feed each other. Chopsticks are used widely. Across much of Asia, about 1.5 billion people use chopsticks in their daily lives. Different cultures have slightly different variations of chopsticks. Chinese chopsticks tend to be long and round, Korean chopsticks are flatter and often made of metal and Japanese chopsticks tend to be round and very, very pointy. Chopsticks are actually really common in American society today. But there was definitely a time in the late 1800s when Asian men, because they ate rice with sticks, were of a different quality than American men, who ate proper meat with a knife and fork. But when China and the United States began their diplomatic engagement(外交接触) in the 1970s, Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, had to practice eating with chopsticks. As Asian cooking has moved from the East into the West, chopsticks have interestingly become part of the experience. Chopsticks can date from the Shang dynasty which is about 3000 years ago, and they loved tripods(鼎) during that time. So when you cooked with these big tripods, chopsticks were actually really useful, because it was a way for you to reach without getting burned as the water was boiling in these really big pots. Chinese culture has knives and has forks. It uses them in many cases for cooking. But in the dining room, it is the chopsticks. 1. Why does the author mention the legend in Paragraph 1? A. To give examples. B. To make comparisons. C. To raise questions. D. To introduce the topic. 2. What does the underlined word “variations” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Forms. B. Features C. Changes. D. Kinds. 3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People loved to use tripods because of chopsticks. B. Chopsticks have been used since the ancient times. C. Chopsticks may get you burned by the boiling water. D. People use knives and forks to follow Chinese culture. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Chopsticks can do the same job as knives and forks. B. Chopsticks have become more popular across the world. C. Chopsticks have caused trouble in diplomatic engagement. D. Chopsticks will be replaced by knives and forks in the future. D C B B 阅读二 Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis (分析) shows a surprising answer: while obesity (肥胖) increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it. These studies included almost 3 million adults from around the world, yet the results were clearly the same, the authors of the analysis said. “If you have a medical condition, your chances, of living are slightly better if you are a bit on the heavy side,” says study author Katherine Flegal, “Several factors may contribute to this finding.” “Heavier people may tend to see the doctor earlier,” she says, “and may be more likely to be treated according to the doctor’s advice. Obesity itself may protect the heart, or someone who is heavier might be better able to fight against a shock to the system.” For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies. The researchers looked at the participants’ (参与者) body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat that takes into consideration a person’s height and weight. The researchers found that, compared with people of normal weight, overweight people had a 6 percent lower risk of death. Obese people, however, had an 18 percent higher risk. For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed. While the study found a relation between weight and the risk of early death, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Indeed, one expert warmed that body weight alone cannot tell health and the risk of death. “There are other factors that play a role in health,” says Dr. William, a professor at Louisiana State University. “BMI simply is a parameter (参数); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration.” 5. What did Flegal’s team do for their study? A. They interviewed almost 3 million adults. B. They did 97 experiments with fat people. C. They collected data on 2.88 million people. D. They talked with doctors for medical conditions. 6. Compared with people of normal weight, the least obese people had a(n)______ risk of death. A 5 percent lower B. 6 percent lower C. 18 percent higher D. 29 percent higher 7. Which of the following may Dr. William agree with? A. Weight contributes to the risk of early death. B. Weight has no relation with the risk of death. C. BMI is only a factor to judge people’s health. D. BMI alone can tell people’s health conditions. 8. What can be the suitable title for the passage? A. Obesity kills B. The thinner, the healthier C. BMI counts D. A bit overweight, a longer life C A C D 课后练习 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BC．29．(influence) by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest 30． history when he was a child. He learned Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get 31． wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly 32． helped him in his later career as a historian. His father's dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian 33． (succeed) his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to, 34． (office) books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because 35． (sort) out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts, His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and 36． (efficient). As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, 37． he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. 38． , he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father's dream, in good times or bad times. After more than 10 years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed. 29．Influenced/Having been influenced 30．in 31．a 32．what 33．succeeded34．official35．sorting36．efficiently37．where38．However 03 进门考 选词填空 rise to，take advantage of，make a difference，last but not least，lie in，look forward to，lead to，be responsible for 1．The beauty of the city lies in the unique style of its buildings. 2．If you rise to the challenges，you will have the opportunity to get highly paid. 3．Last but not least，I would like to thank my mother. 4．They tried their best to take advantage of the chance that their school offered to study hard. 5．There is only one path leading to our small village. 6．The lady standing there is responsible for our foreign sales. 7．Everyone has his special skills and interests，and only by discovering them can he truly make a difference． 8．We are looking forward to the school sports meeting. 第三讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第三课时)+七选五专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school Grammar and usage的词汇和句型； 2、学习语法：句子成分和句型结构； 3、七选五训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 New words in Grammar usage----Integrated skills 34.focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ n. 焦点,重点. vi. &vt. 集中(6) 【拓展】focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于…… the focus of ……的焦点/中心 focus one's eyes/attention/energy on...把某人的视线/注意力/精力集中到……上 【注意】focused adj.注意力集中的；目标明确的 35.detail /ˈdiːteɪl/ n. 细节;具体情况(6) →detailed adj.详细的，细致的 in detail详细地 36.as a result of 由于(6) →as a result of 因为 37.tip /tɪp/ n. 指点,实用的提示;尖端;小费(7) 38.base /beɪs/ vt. 以…为基础(依据) n. 根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营(7) 【拓展】base...on/upon...把……建立在……上；以……为根据 be based on/upon以……为根据(基础) 【注意】①basis n．原因；准则；基础 on the basis of在…的基础上;因为… ②basic adj.基本的；基础的 39.remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ vt. 提醒,使想起(7) remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb.that...提醒某人…… 【名师指津】类似的动词短语还有： ①accuse sb of sth控告/指责某人某事 ②rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物 ③rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物 ④inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 ⑤cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病 ⑥suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人做某事 ⑦warn sb of sth 警告某人某事 ⑧convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 40.stick to 坚持;固守,维持(7) 【归案】to为介词的固定搭配 ①stick to　坚持 ②lead to 导致 ③adapt to 适应 ④pay attention to 注意 ⑤be/get used to 习惯于 ⑥look forward to 渴望；盼望；期盼 ⑦contribute to 对有贡献,有助于,导致,引起 ⑧get down to 开始认真做…… 41.proposal /prəˈpəʊzl/ n. ①提议,建议,动议(9)②求婚 →propose v.①提议；建议+名词/that(主语+(should)+do sth)/doing sth ②打算；计划+to do sth/doing sth ③求婚 propose to sb 向某人求婚 42.aim /eɪm/ n. 目的,目标. vi. &vt. 力争做到;目的是;针对(9) •with the aim of...有……的目的 •(sb)aim at瞄准；目的在于 (sb)aim to do.../at doing...旨在做…… (sth)be aimed at/to do 目的是；旨在 【拓展】aimless adj.无目的的 aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 43.style /staɪl/ n. 风格;方式;样式(9) in style 流行的 out of style 过时的 44.technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧,技艺;技能(9) →technical adj.技术的；技能的→technically adv.技巧上地，与技术有关地→technician n.技师；技术人员→technology n.技术；科技 45.workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 研讨会,讲习班;车间,作坊(9) 46.professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 职业的,专业的;有职业的;婀熟的,精通业务的. n. 专门人员,专业人士(9) →profession n．专业；职业 47.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料;素材. adj. 物质的,实际的;客观存在的(9) 48.poster /ˈpəʊstə(r)/ n. 海报,(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人(9) 二、重要句型 1.Setting goals gives you a focus in life. (P6) 设定目标让你有了生活的重心。 (1)set goals 设定目标 (2)focus n. 焦点，重点 vt. & vi. 集中 【归纳】 ①focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于…… ②focus one's eyes/attention/energy on... 把某人的视线/注意力/精力集中到……上 ③come into focus　　 成为焦点 ④the focus of ……的焦点/中心 the focus of attention 关注的焦点 【拓展】focused adj.注意力集中的；目标明确的 be focused on.... 聚焦于；关注 stay focused 保持专注 These issues have recently come into sharp focus.这些问题最近成为人们关注的焦点。 练习 (1)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. (2)They focus on keeping (keep) their soil rich and free of disease. (3)Education was the main focus of attention at the meeting. (4)With his attention focused(focus) on his study, he forgot the date completely. (5)With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. (6)Focusing(focus) on the traditional Chinese culture, the contest is scheduled to be held in our school hall on January 18th. 2.To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. (P6) 为了实现目标，你需要制订一个好的计划，合理利用时间，并且注意细节。 (1)realize your goals 实现你的目标 (2)manage your time well 合理安排时间 (3)pay attention to... 关注..... (4)detail n. 细节；具体情况 【搭配】go into detail(s) 详细叙述 in detail 详细地 provide/give/find out details 提供/给出/搞清细节 further/more details about/of ... 有关……更多的细节 【拓展】 detail v. 详述 detailed adj. 详细的 There is a detailed introduction to all the local hotels in the booklet. (形容词)宣传册上有对当地所有旅馆的详述。 She went into detail(s) about the travel plan. 她详述了旅行计划。 单句语法填空： ①The diaries contained detailed (detail)accounts (描述) of the writer's experiences in China. ②She went into detail(s) about the travel plan. 她详述了旅行计划。 3. As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life. (P6) 因为你付出的行动，梦想就会成真，你便有希望过上幸福的生活。 (1)as a result of 由于（as a result of是介词短语，可置于句首或句末） As a result of the fever, he didn’t do well in the test. 因为发烧，所以他没考好。 【拓展】as a result 结果是（as a result是副词短语，常置于句首） result in 导致（后跟结果） result from... 由....引起；起因于......（后跟原因） He had a fever. As a result, he didn’t do well in the test. 他发烧了，所以没考好。 (2)hopefully adv.有希望地，有前途地 单句语法填空 ①Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that (result) in big benefits. ②Let us hope that peace will result our talks. ③He made one big mistake, and, a result, lost his job. ④It's reported that the accident resulted in two deaths. ⑤As is well known, many deadly accidents result _________ carelessness and irresponsibility. from (1)results (2)from (3)as 4. Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. (P7)相反，你应该基于自己的能力和技能确立目标。 (1)instead adv. 代替，顶替，反而 do sth instead 改做某事 (2)base vt. 以……为基础（依据） n. 根基，底部；基地；总部，大本营；词根 【搭配】 base on/upon 以……为基础（或依据） (be) based on/upon 以……为基础（或依据） base ... in ... 以……为据点；把……（总部等）设在…… at the base of sth 在某物的底部 【拓展】basis n.原因，根据；准则；基础；根基；主要成分（或部分） basic adj. 基本的；必需的 basically adv. 基本上，从根本上说 baseless adj. 无根据的 The campsite provided only basic facilities.野营地只提供基本设施。 There have been some problems but basically it’s a good system.虽然出现过一些问题，但这基本上仍不失为一个好系统。 The rumours were completely baseless.那些谣传毫无根据。 练习 ①The movie is based (base)on a true story. ②On the basis (base) of these facts, we can draw a conclusion. ③The hotel provides basic (base) amenities əˈmi:nətɪz 便利设施 such as towels and soap. ④The two books are basically (base) the same, just with different covers. ⑤Based (base)on a true story, the film is very popular. (3)the ability to do.... 做某事的能力 【拓展】to do作后置定语 ①用来修饰抽象名词:ability, chance, opportunity, ambition, attempt, offer, way, time, place, right, courage, effort等； ②常用于当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only, the last, the right时； ③表示将要发生的动作 It's said that she has the ability to do the challenging work well.据说她有能力做好这一项具有挑战性的工作。 I was the only student in our class to work out the problem correctly.我是班里唯一一个正确解答这道题的学生。 He said he had an important meeting to attend.他说他有一个重要的会议要参加 【区别】the key/guide/solution to doing 单句语法填空 ①I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term. ②His first book ________ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 答案：①to complete　②to be published ③In your school, you were the first one to win (win) the first prize in a robotics competition. ④The key to keeping (keep)the peace is regular and honest communication. (4)过去分词短语作状语 本句中的“based on your abilities and skills”是过去分词短语作状语，表示方式 Told that his mother was ill, Li Hua hurried home quickly.李华得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。 Satisfied with what she did, the teacher praised her in class.老师对她所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了她。 [归纳拓展] ①过去分词(短语)作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，与主句的主语存在被动关系。还可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果等 ②现在分词作状语时，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，与主句的主语存在主动关系。可以表示伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步等，相当于一个状语从句或可转换成并列句 单句语法填空 ① (compare) with my sister，I still have a long way to go. ②The new cup fell down to the ground, (break)． ③ (catch) in a heavy rain，he was all wet. ④Born (bear)in a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. (1)Compared (2)broken (3)Caught ⑤________ (work) hard, you'll pass the examination. ⑥Not ________ (know) the way, she stopped to ask an old man. ⑦Her father left the family to return to New Zealand, ________ (leave) her mother to raise the children. 答案：①Working　②knowing　③leaving ⑧Having failed (fail)many times, he didn't lose heart. 5. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. (P7)这会提醒你在为什么而努力，并让你保持专注。 (1)remind vt. 提醒，使想起 【搭配】remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事 remind sb to do 提醒某人做某事 remind sb that ... 提醒某人 That smell reminds me of France.那股气味让我想起了法国。 Remind me to buy some milk tonight. 提醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。 【拓展】 reminder n. 提醒的人/物；暗示 (2) keep sb focused 使某人集中注意力 单句语法填空 ①His message reminded me the appointment 约会today. ②Please remind me (write) to my mother tomorrow. ③ (remind) several times, the manager still forgot the meeting. (1)of (2)to write (3)Reminded ④I was about to call Jack to remind him that we would meet at 8：00 a.m. when he came in. ⑤The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder (remind) of human kindness. 6. After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (P7)设定好目标后，重要的是坚持并朝着目标努力。 (1)stick to 坚持；固守，维持 【搭配】stick out突出，显眼 stick around逗留，停留 get/be stuck in.... 被困在....，陷入.... stick to the rules 遵守规则 stick to sb’s word 遵守诺言 【拓展】stick v. 戳，粘贴，卡住 (2)work hard towards ...为……努力工作；朝.....努力工作 单句语法填空 ①She found it impossible to stick a diet and look forward to cooking for herself. ②They wrote the notice in big red letters so that it would stick ． ③Stick ; we'll need you to help us to pack our bags later. (1)to (2)out (3)around 7 Proposal for a new club (P9) 新的俱乐部建议书 proposal n. 提议，建议，动议 【搭配】 [归纳拓展] (1)propose vt.　提议；建议 propose doing sth. 提议做某事 propose that...(should) do...建议……做…… It is proposed that... 有人提议…… (2)proposal n. 提议，建议，动议 a proposal+for sth/to do sth/that引导的同位语从句 ……的提议 make/present/put forward a proposal 提出建议 The experts’ proposal that a garbage classification plant should be built was accepted.专家们提出的建垃圾分类厂的提议被采纳了。 【拓展】propose vt. 提议，建议 【例句】 He proposed changes to the old system.=He proposed that changes should be made to the old system. =He proposed making changes to the old system.他建议更新旧系统。 单句语法填空 ①He proposed (change) the name of the company. ②He proposed that a new school (build) here. ③In a word，I'm in favor of the (propose) improved by our manager. ④It (propose)that the president be elected for a period of two years. (1)to change (2)(should) be built (3)proposal (4) is proposed 8. Club aim: To improve short story writing skills (P9)俱乐部目标：提升短篇小说写作技能 aim n. 目的，目标 vi. & vt. 力争做到；目的是；针对 【归纳拓展】 (1)with the aim of (＝in order to do sth.＝ so as to do sth.)　为了…… take aim at 瞄准…… (2)aim at 对准，瞄准；目标是…… aim to do sth. 立志做某事；意欲做某事 be aimed at 以……为目标 (3)aimless adj. 无目的的；没有方向的----aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地 【注意】be aimed at作状语时常用aimed at的形式 This picture book is aimed at children.这本绘本的目标读者是儿童。 单句语法填空 (1)Take careful aim at the target before firing. (2)They aim at improving (improve) quality rather than increasing quantity. (3)It aims to_raise (raise) people's awareness of protecting oceans. (4)We should aim for higher standards. (5)He wandered aimlessly (aim) around the street. (6)She went to London with the aim of finding a good job. 9. Read short stories in different styles (P9)阅读不同风格的短篇小说 style n. 风格；方式；样式 【搭配】 style of painting/writing/architecture 绘画/写作/建筑风格 in the style of 以……的风格 not my style 不是我的风格 in style 流行；气派 out of style 不流行 Influenced by some impressionists, Vincent van Gogh developed a new style of painting.受一些印象派画家的影响，文森特·梵高发展出一种新的绘画风格。 Skinny jeans are still in style. 紧身牛仔裤依旧很流行。 【拓展】 stylish (=fashionable) adj. 时髦的 stylist n. 发型师；时装设计师 10. Invite professional writers to give talks on short story writing. (P9)邀请专业作家做有关短篇小说写作的演讲。 (1)professional adj. 职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士 【搭配】 professional skills 专业技能 professional help 专业帮助 professional practice 行业惯例 professional women 职业女性 You need to seek professional advice to solve this problem.要解决这个问题，你需要寻求专业意见。 You can’t miss this opportunity for professional development.你不能错过这次专业进修的机会。 【拓展】 profession n. （尤指需要较高教育水平的）职业，行业 professor n. 教授 (2)the talk on.... 有关....的讲座 单句语法填空 ①These are the fears I face as a _________(profession)athlete on a day-to-day basis. 【答案】professional【句意】这些是我作为职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。 三、语法 (一)句子成分 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 【知识梳理1】主语 主语是动作的执行者或发出者。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当。一般在句首。 例1. Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 例2. He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 例3. Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 例4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） 例5. What we should do is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 【知识梳理2】谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。位于主语后面。 例1. His parents are teachers. （系动词作谓语） 例2. We study hard.（行为动词作谓语） 例3. We don’t finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 例4. He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 【知识梳理3】宾语 宾语是动作、行为的承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 例1. She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） 例2. We often help him.（代词作宾语） 例3. He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） 例4. We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 例5. She says（that）she is ill.（从句作动词宾语） 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，直接宾语指物间接宾语指人。 【知识梳理4】宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。 例1. We made the charity show a success. （名词作宾补） 例2. They make her happy.（形容词作宾补） 例3. Please let him in.（副词作宾补） 例4. We found everything in good condition. （介词短语作宾补） 例5. I see her dance.（省略to的不定式作宾补） 例6. We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.（带to的动词不定式短语作宾补） 例7. We heard her singing a song.（分词短语作宾补） 【知识梳理5】表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及某些分词或从句来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 例1. I am a teacher.（名词作表语） 例2. He is always happy.（形容词作表语） 例3. I am here.(副词作表语) 例4. They are on the playground now.（介词短语作表语） 例5. My dream is to be a doctor.(不定式作表语) 例6. The films were boring yesterday. (分词作表语) 例7. The reason for the missing the first bus is that he got up too late this morning(从句作表语). 批注： Be动词 常考系动词 表保持（keep, stay） 表改变（get, become, turn, go） 感官动词（feel, sound（听起来）, seem/look（看起来）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来）） 如： It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词，interesting为表语） We should keep healthy.（keep为系动词, healthy为表语） 【知识梳理6】定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、介词短语或从句等来担任。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 例1. The black bike is mine.（形容词作定语） 例2. What’s your name?（代词作定语） 例3. There are four apples on the table.(数词作定语) 例4. They make paper flowers.（名词作定语） 例5. The girl in white is my sister.(介词短语作定语) 例6. He has something to do. （不定式作定语） 例7. The film directed by Zhang Yimou is very interesting.(分词作定语) 例8. The book which is written by Mo Yan is very famous now.(从句作定语) 【知识梳理7】状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 例1. He did it carefully.（方式副词作状语） 例2.We often help him.（频率副词作状语） 例3. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语作状语） 例4. He sits there.（地点副词作状语） 例5. He works hard in order to make much more money. (不定式作状语) 例6. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作状语） 【知识梳理8】同位语 定义：对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明 举例：We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. He told me the news that our team won the game. (二)句子结构 根据对句子结构的划分，英语的句子可以划分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。 一）、简单句五种基本句型 句型 例句 1、主语+不及物动词 We work. 2、主语+系动词+表语 He is a student. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语 Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补） Tom made the baby laugh. 【知识梳理1】Subject (主语) ＋ Predicate (谓语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen, rise等。 例1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 例2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 例3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 例4. Who │cares? 管它呢? 例5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 【知识梳理2】Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicative(表语) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 1）be 本身没有什么意义，只起联系主语和表语的作用，后可接动词外的任何词； 2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, fall, go等 4）表示状态延续：stay, keep等 【知识梳理3】Subject（主语）+ Predicate（谓语）+ Object（宾语） 此句型的特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 【知识梳理4】Subject（主语）+ Predicate（谓语）+ Indirect Object（间接宾语）+ Direct Object(直接宾语) 此句型的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S +V+DO（直接宾语）+prep（介词）+IO（间接宾语） 例1. I give you help. 例2. I sent him a book. 例3. I bought May a book. 例4. He told me that the film was great. 例5. He asked me what he should do. 批注：接双宾： give, offer, promise, send, show, teach, tell , write等（+to） choose, fetch, get, save, sing, buy等(+for) 【知识梳理5】Subject(主语) + Predicate(谓语) + Object(宾语) + Objective Complement(宾语补足语) 此句型的特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 二）、并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或标点符号连接而成的句子叫并列句。 （1） 并列句的构成方式 用并列连词连接，并列连词的前面可加逗号。 Some students are interested in climbing and others are fond of swimming. We fished all day, but we didn’t catch one. It is raining hard, so we have to stay at home. （2）并列句的分类 ① 能够引导由两个或两个以上意思相关的分句构成的并列句的连词有：and和，而；neither … nor …既不 ……也不……；not only … but (also) …不仅……而且……; both …and ……….和……都；then 然后。 The bell rang and the students rushed into the classroom. Not only did the students dance, but (also) their teachers sang songs. ② 可连接两个并列句，含有转折关系的连词有：but但是；yet然而，可是；while然而；however然而；still但是；whereas然而，而；nevertheless然而。 I think he wanted to speak, but I did not hear. He worked hard, yet he failed to pass the test. The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. Some of the students are hardworking whereas some are lazy. ③ 能够引导由含有选择意义的两个分句构成的并列句的连词有：or 或者，否则；otherwise 否则；either…or…不是…就是… Would you like a cup of tea, or shall we get down to business right away? Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident. Start right now, otherwise you’ll miss the first train. ④ 能够引导由表示因果关系的两个分句构成的并列句的连词有：so所以；for因为；therefore因此。 I must be off now, for my sister is expecting me. The bus was crowded, so I had to stand all the way. 三）、复合句 复合句有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句是句子的主体，从句充当某种句子成分，如：主语，宾语，状语，同位语等，但无论是那种从句都不能独立存在。复合句包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 When we will have the meeting is not decided. (主语从句) It is well-known that many Americans like to eat Chinese food. （主语从句） Do you know when the ancient games began? （宾语从句） That’s because he caught a bad cold. （宾语从句） The idea that they would cross Asia was exciting. （同位语从句） He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （定语从句） I will give her the message as soon as she comes back from the meeting. （时间状语从句） 练习 (一)指出下列简单句中画线部分所充当的句子成分 1. Hearing what he said, everybody laughed. _____ 2. Most students in my class like playing chess. _____ 3. His being late made the teacher very angry. _____ 4. The book lying on the desk is on American history. _____ 5. To finish the task on time is impossible. _____ 6. There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store. _____ 7. The red flags waved in the wind. _____ 8. Mr. White will give us a talk next week. _____ _____ 9. This bed seems hard. _____ 10. How interesting the film is! _____ 【答案】 1. 谓语 2. 宾语 3. 宾语补足语 4. 表语 5. 主语 6. 主语 7. 谓语 8. 间接宾语；直接宾语 9. 表语 10. 表语 (二)判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 【答案】 1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句 七选五练习 (1) _________. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how: Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time, First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good regular time for studying. (2)_______. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject. Make good use of your time in class. (3)________. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. (4) ________.If you do previewing regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer. Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don’t pass a test, so don't be over worried. (5) _________. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying. B. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard. E. Maybe you are an average student. F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class. G. This will help you understand the next class. EBCGA 课后练习 单句语法填空 1. Marie Curie made a great __________ (contribute)to human development. 2. Developers should have the courage of their convictions and stick __________ what they do best. 3. We should take a positive attitude __________ protecting the environment. 4. Men and women should be treated __________ (equal) in interviews. 5. One of the primary benefits of reading books is its ability to develop your critical __________ (think) skills. 6. By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's __________ (confident)． 7. The environmental __________ (challenge)are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. 8. Since you are a college student, you should learn to be __________(depend) of your parents' help. 9. __________ (advance)technology has brought us great convenience. 10. He has the potential __________ (become)an extraordinary basketball player. 11. As a manager, he has complete confidence __________ his staff. 12. I am confident that I will be equal __________ this post if given the chance. 13. Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible __________ those outcomes, too. 14. I shared with my classmates __________ I read during the vacation. 15. He found an old tree in the garden. Lying under the tree __________ (be) a dog. 16. __________ is often the case, she burns the midnight oil to meet the deadline. 17. In the broad sense, critical thinking is __________ (focus)，organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationship among ideas. 18. There are many __________ (option) courses in my university. 19. I wonder which ones are most suitable and __________ (attract) to your foreign friends? 20. Everyone should have a __________ (balance) diet to keep healthy. 1. contribution　2. to　3. to/towards　4. equally　5. thinking　6. confidence　7. challenges　8. independent　9. Advanced　10. to become　11. in　12. to　13. for　14. what/whatever　15. was　16. As　17. focused　18. optional 19. attractive　20. balanced 04 进门考 单句语法填空 1．It is amazing (amaze) how quickly a child learns a language. 2．She was trying to do the challenging (challenge) work well. 3．You have responsibility (responsible) for clearing up the classroom after class. 4．He told us that it was a potentially (potential) harmful drug. 5．I’d like to see the positive person who is responsible for the project. 6．It is important that teachers should treat each student equally (equal)． 7．Where you live can make such a difference (different) to the way you feel. 8．After a discussion，they decided to have the plan improved (improve)． 9. There have been great ________(advance) in medicine in the last ten years. advances 10. They decided to take advantage _________ the fine weather to go to the country. of 第四讲自主学习材料 Unit 1 Back to school(第四课时)+阅读理解专练 【学习目标】 1、学习必修一Unit1 Back to school Extended reading的词汇和句型； 2、阅读理解专练训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 New words in Extended reading 52.a.m. /ˌeɪ ˈem/ 上午,午前(11) 53.p.m. /ˌpiː ˈem/ 下午,午后(11) 54.biology /baɪˈɒlədʒi/ n. 生物学(11) →biological adj.生物的→biologist n．生物学家 Next to biology，I like physics best. 55.tough /tʌf/ adj. 艰难的,严厉的,坚强的;坚固的(11) 56.alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 闹钟,恐慌,警报;警报器 vt. 使惊恐,使害怕(11) 【拓展】(1)raise/sound the alarm拉响警报,发出警报 set alarm bells ringing拉响警报 in alarm惊慌地 (2)alarmed adj.感到担心的/害怕的 be alarmed at/by...对……惊恐/担心 (3)alarming adj.令人害怕的；使人惊恐的 57.contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献;捐款;捐赠(11) 【拓展】•contribute...to...向……捐献……；把……贡献给……；向……投稿 contribute to...导致……，有助于…… •contribution n．捐献；贡献；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to...对……做贡献 58.fortunately/ˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adj. 幸运地,幸亏(12) •fortune n.[U]运气，命运；[C]大笔的钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune发财；赚钱 •fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事 •fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)→unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地 59.over time 随着时间流逝,久而久之(12) 61.butter /ˈbʌtə(r)/ n. 黄油(12) 62.pudding /ˈpʊdɪŋ/ n. 甜点;布丁(12) 63.attract /əˈtrækt/ vt. 吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) (12) 64.rugby /ˈrʌɡbi/ n. 橄榄球运动(12) 65.calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法,书法艺术(13) 二、重要句型 1. Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. (P11)去年，我有机会作为交换生到英国的一所中学读书。 (1)exchange n. & vt. 交换；交流；兑换 【搭配】an exchange student 一位交换生 in exchange (for ...) 作为（对……的）交换 exchange A for B 把A兑换成B exchange sth with sb 与某人交流/交换某物 exchange ideas/opinions/views/words 交流想法/观点 When I was a middle school student I came to China as an exchange student.我上中学的时候，我作为交换生来到中国。 When we go to America, we have to exchange RMB for dollars.当我们去美国的时候，我们必须把人民币换成美元。 (2)have a chance to do.... 有做某事的机会 单句语法填空 (1)I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. (2)Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? (3)I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week's meals. (4)I wouldn't exchange my apple with him for anything. (5)Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds? (6)I shook hands and exchanged(exchange) a few words with the manager. 2.I stayed with a lovely host family.We were both in year ten and we got on well. (1)host family 寄宿家庭 host n.主人---hostess 女主人 【拓展】host [C] 东道主；主办国（或城市、机构）；节目主持人/ v.主办，主持；做东 (2) in year ten = grade ten 高一 (3)get on well with.... 与....和睦相处 3. In the beginning, however, it was still tough for me to remember everyone’s name! (P11)然而，刚开始时，我仍然很难记住所有人的名字！ (1)in the beginning 一开始 at the beginning of.... 在....的一开始 (2)tough adj. 艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的 【搭配】a tough childhood/time/decision 苦难的童年/煎熬的日子/艰难的决定 be tough on/with 对……无情/严厉 talk tough 说话强硬 tough shoes/skin 结实的鞋子/坚韧的皮肤 单句语法填空 ①Don’t be so tough on her—she was just trying to help. ②It is tough for her to achieve a balance between work and family. ③China, however, reacted _________(tough), saying the British should  withdraw 撤回，收回their criticism if they did not want to damage relations between the two.  【答案】toughly 不过，中国作出了强硬的回应，称如果英方不希望损害两国关系，就应该收回批评 4. I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm! (P11)我太喜欢这只钟了，现在还在用它当闹钟呢！ (1)so ... that ...意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词，而that引导结果状语从句。 【拓展】① such ... that ... 也可以表示“如此……以至于……”的意思。 ②so that引导结果状语从句时，置于主句之后，常用逗号隔开。如： He missed the bus, so that he was late for school.他错过了公共汽车，所以上学迟到了。 ③ so that引导目的状语从句时，置于主句之后，从句中需要用情态动词may、can或will等，一般不用逗号隔开。如： He got up early so that he could catch the bus.为了能赶上公共汽车，他起得很早。 ④so和such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃的太多，以至于一小时都动弹不得 单句语法填空 ①So frightened was the boy he couldn't say one word. ②It was a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. ③We got up early so we could catch the first bus. (1)that (2)such (3)that ④_________was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken. Such ⑤So attractive is (be) the place that many people come to visit it. ⑥So careful was (be)he in correcting the papers that no spelling mistakes escaped him. (2)alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt. 使惊恐，使害怕 【搭配】set one’s alarm for 把闹钟设在…… a false alarm 虚惊一场 in alarm 惊慌地 a fire/smoke alarm 防火/烟雾警报器 set off the alarm 触动警报器 【拓展】 alarming adj. 令人惊慌的 alarmed adj. 感到惊慌的 be alarmed at/by 因为……而感到担心、害怕 The Amazon rainforest is disappearing at an alarming speed.亚马孙热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。 I set my alarm for 6:30 a.m. before going to bed.睡前我把闹钟设在早晨六点半。 单句语法填空 ①The boy was alarmed (see) the bear walking to him. ②For most of the villagers, it was really (alarm) news. ③The woman felt alarmed the news from her parents. ④I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open. (1)to see (2)alarming (3)at/by 5.I found maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less advanced in the UK than in China. (1)find+宾语+宾补（adj./介词短语/doing） I found the room in a complete mess. (2)enjoyable adj.令人愉快的，有乐趣的 (3)advanced adj.先进的；高级的，高等的 be less advanced than...... 不如.....先进 6. Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English. (P11) 在英国，课堂讨论很重要，可是我的贡献不大，因为有时候我没办法用英语清楚地表达自己的观点。 (1)discussion n---discuss v. 讨论 discuss sth with sb 与某人讨论某事 under discussion正在讨论中 (2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠 【搭配】 make a contribution to 对……做出贡献(to是介词) a huge/great/major contribution 伟大的贡献 【拓展】contribute vi. & vt. 捐款；添加，增进；是……的原因之一 contribute to 有助于；捐献；带来；促成 contribute...to... 把……贡献给…… She contributed all her pocket money to the earthquake fund.她把所有的零花钱都捐给了地震基金。 I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。 单句语法填空 (1)Learning English makes contributions to one's development to some extent ɪkˈstent.在某种程度上有助于人的发展 (2)Many warm­hearted people contributed some money to the sick girl. (3)He made an outstanding contribution(contribute) to science. (4)I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem. (5)Many people contributed the poor boy, which (contribute) to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about the (contribute) and contributed it a newspaper. to; contributes; contribution; to 7.Although there was not as much homework as I was used to, it was still challenging. Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement.My language skills improved over time. (P11-12) 幸好，老师和同学们一直都乐于帮助我，并给予我很多鼓励。 (1)although conj. 虽然----不与but连用，但可与yet连用 (2)there was not as much homework as I was used to 此处as引导定语从句，先行词是homework 【归纳拓展】as引导限制性定语从句时，经常用于以下句式中： such+名词+as 像……一样的 the same+名词+as 和……一样的 No one will believe such stories as he told.没人会相信他讲的故事。 This is not the same city as we saw ten years ago.这座城市已经不是我们十年前看到的那样了。 (3)was used to 过去习惯..... (4)fortunately adv. 幸运地，幸亏 【拓展】 •fortune n.[U]运气，命运；[C]大笔的钱 try one’s fortune 碰运气 make a fortune发财；赚钱 •fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事 •fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)→unfortunately adv. 不幸地，遗憾地 Fortunately, the kid was saved by a passerby from the pond.幸运的是，那个孩子被路人从池塘里救上来了。 I got stuck in the traffic jam, but fortunately I arrived on time. 我遇上了交通堵塞，但幸运的是我按时到了。 Unfortunately, no one took my opinion seriously.不幸的是，没有人严肃看待我的意见。 (5)over time 随着时间的推移;久而久之 单句语法填空 (1)He was fortunate in having such supportive parents. (2)You are fortunate to have (have) such a good friend. (3)It was fortunate that no one was hurt in the accident. (4)After graduating from college, he decided to go to a big city to seek his fortune (fortunate). (4)Fortunately (fortunate), the accident wasn't as serious as it could have been. 8.There were lots of options including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mom’s cooking. (1)option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由 the option of doing sth/the option to do sth n.  选修课 【拓展】optional 可供选择的；选修的 (2)miss v.思恋，想念；错过 【拓展】missing adj. 丢失的；缺少的 单句语法填空 (1)In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________(option) 【答案】optional.在那所学校，对于所有的学生来说英语是必修的，但是法语和俄语是选修的。 9. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. (P12)最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。 attract vt. 吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） 【搭配】 attract sb to sth 某物吸引某人 be attracted by 被……吸引 What attracted me to her was her big eyes.吸引我的是她的大眼睛。 【拓展】 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；具有吸引力的事物；向往的地方 be attractive to 对……有吸引力 She was an attractive woman when she was young.她年轻的时候很有魅力。 Ice cream has great attraction for children. 冰激凌对孩子们有很大的吸引力。 The Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction. 长城是一处著名的旅游胜地。 单句语法填空 (1)One of the main attractions(attraction) of the job is the high salary. (2)It is said that the old town used to be an attractive(attract) place. (3)The city has an attraction for young people who are looking for excitement. (4)She has an attractive (attract) appearance and a kind heart. (5)The job offer is very attractive to him. (6)What attracts me to the job most is the chance to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners. 10.I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. (1)have the opportunity/chance to do.... 有做某事的机会 (2)experience n. 经历,经验 vt.经历 I have a lot of experiences abroad. He has experience in teaching. 阅读理解一 My journey home from school is nothing special. The train's always busy but I usually find a seat and start reading or texting my friends, making sure, like everyone else, not to look at other people. But last Tuesday was different. I was happily listening to some new music when the train suddenly stopped. This wasn't unusual and I didn't think anything of it. Then after about five minutes, I noticed people were starting to get a bit angry. Fifteen minutes later, people started getting angrier. The longer the train stood still, the angrier people became until finally the announcement came: “We are sorry to announce that this train is delay ed（延误）. That seemed to calm people down and so we all went back to what we were doing before, but soon there was another announcement: "It will be a long time before we get there--a train had broken down in front of us. There was a large sigh throughout the carriage（车厢）but then something unexpected happened: complete strangers started talking to each other. I started chatting to a couple of young tourists. They were from Spain and they were traveling around the UK so I suggested some places they should visit. Next I really surprised myself by starting a conversation with a businesswoman. She was going to take three months to climb Qomolangma. It was great talking to her. Then I decided to get up and go for a walk down the train. I met a woman who had been a student at my school seven years before and knew lots of my teachers. While we were talking, we heard there was a patient in another part of the train who needed help and the woman from my school jumped into action. It turned out she was a nurse and when she came back, she was welcomed as a hero. Then, after two hours, we started moving again. Everyone clapped and cheered and some people, complete strangers three hours before, even hugged. I will never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking. 1. How did the author do when the train suddenly stopped? A. He turned to the other passengers. B. He let out a long deep sigh. C.He paid no attention to it. D. He got angry at once. 2. Why did the train stop? A. It broke down. B. It ran out of gas. C.The track was under repair. D. A previous train stopped working. 3. What did the author talk about with the nurse? A. Their former teachers. B. Some famous tourist spots. C.Some stories of businesswomen. D. Their mountain-climbing experiences. 4. Why did the author consider the journey unforgettable? A. He saved a person's life on the train. B. Talking to strangers made him happy. C. He met some classmates during the trip. D. It was the first time he had met with an accident. 阅读理解二 Rumors (谣言): we've all heard some and we've all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they travel differently because the way we share information has also changed. The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. We don't enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don't have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled (掩饰的) messages. Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox (自相矛盾) is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, the more they see it as true. To finish explaining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the first rumor. Another property (属性) of rumors is that they tend to become viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter (传输者) of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it. How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from communicating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor. One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That's why we say, "History is always told by the winners." The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor's version of the story. 1. What can we learn about rumors? A. We have all heard some and believed them. B.We're happy to be the receiving end of them. C.They may have negative influence on society. D.They often hide good intentions in the messages. 2. How are rumours like a tree? A. Rumours keep changing, just as trees change their colour. B. Rumours are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth. C. New rumours have gaps, like the space between tree branches. D. New rumours grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk. 3. What does the underlined word ‘viral’ in Para 4 probably mean? A. Something easily spread. B.Something acceptable. C.Something easily defended. D.Something beneficial. 4. Which of the following may the author agree with? A. It is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors. B. People are often active in judging the rumors critically. C. We should think about the hidden message of the rumors. D. Stories told by the victors are usually better worth trusting. (A)CDAB (B) CDAC 课后练习 课文原句填空 1. In time you will find yourself ___________(grow) into a well-rounded individual. 2. I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a(n) challenge in the years ahead, and __________the teachers will hold us to higher standards. 3. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you ________(focus). 4. Last but not least, always look________ the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. 5. It is good idea to put your goals _________ you can see them. 6. The classes are different from _________ in China. 7. At the end of each term, students put on a calligraphy show, _______ (attract) more students. 8. Chinese calligraphy is one of the many optional courses ________(offer) to students who are interested in traditional art. 9. Don’t push yourself to achieve more than __________ is possible. 10.You need to make a ____________(continue) effort to train your mind and develop your character. 1.growing 2.that 3.focused 4.on 5.where 6.those 7.attracting 8.offered 9.what 10.continuous 05 进门考 选词填空（选择并使用所给单词的正确形式填空，有两个单词为多余单词） fortunate； opportunity； material； acquire； balance； challenge； attitude； proposal； positive; facility； remind; equal； 1．She has ___________a good knowledge of English. 2．Women are treated _____________in this country, which sets off widespread concern. 3．Passengers are__________ that no smoking is allowed on this train. 4．After her conversation with Mr. Zhou, Maggie __________ a new school club should be set up. 5. People’s __________towards US foreign policy has become increasingly critical. 6．I think it’s important to keep a ______________ schedule to deal with work and relaxation. 7．A fire broke out in the market yesterday, but ____________ no one was hurt. 8．The hotel has special __________for welcoming disabled people. 9．The teacher gives students enough __________to ask questions at the end of the class. 10. The task is more than __________but we are determined to try our best. 1.acquired 2.unequally 3.reminded 4.proposed 5.attitude 6.balanced 7.fortunately 8.facilities 9.opportunities 10.challenging 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $