2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册 动词不规则背诵

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研八上不规则动词体系，按AAA型、ABB型、ABC型及情态动词特殊变化分类，清晰呈现动词原型、过去式、过去分词的变形脉络，为一般过去时和现在完成时等时态学习提供基础支架。 知识链路以变形规律为逻辑主线，每个动词配中英双语例句，强化语境理解与语言运用能力。补充常考词汇标注，通过分类归纳培养学生思维品质，助力掌握科学记忆策略，提升学习能力和时态应用准确性。

外研八上不规则动词记忆表 (按变形规律分类) 单词原型 过去式及例句 过去分词及例句 一、AAA 型 cut​ /kʌt/ v. 切，割 cut​ /kʌt/I cut my finger while chopping vegetables yesterday.(昨天我切菜的时候割伤了手指。) cut​ /kʌt/I have cut the cake into six pieces.(我已经把蛋糕切成了六块。) cost​ /kɒst/ v. 花费 cost​ /kɒst/The repair cost me a lot of money last week.(上周的修理花了我很多钱。) cost​ /kɒst/This mistake has cost us the whole project.(这个错误让我们付出了整个项目的代价。) hit​ /hɪt/ v. 打，击 hit​ /hɪt/He hit the ball so hard that it flew over the fence.(他用力击球，以至于球飞过了栅栏。) hit​ /hɪt/I have hit the deadline for submitting the report.(我已经赶上了提交报告的截止日期。) hurt​ /hɜːt/ v. 伤害 hurt​ /hɜːt/She hurt her ankle during the basketball game yesterday.(她在昨天的篮球赛中伤了脚踝。) hurt​ /hɜːt/He has hurt his chances of getting promoted.(他已经损害了自己获得晋升的机会。) let​ /let/ v. 让 let​ /let/My parents didn't let me go to the party last night.(昨晚父母不让我去派对。) let​ /let/The teacher has let the students leave early today.(老师今天已经让学生们提前离开了。) put​ /pʊt/ v. 放 put​ /pʊt/Please put the book on the shelf after reading.(读完请把书放回书架上。) put​ /pʊt/She has just put the baby to sleep.(她刚刚哄宝宝睡着。) read​ /riːd/ v. 读 read​ /red/I read an interesting novel last weekend.(上周末我读了一本有趣的小说。) read​ /red/I have read this article twice, but I still don't understand it.(这篇文章我已经读了两遍，但还是不懂。) set​ /set/ v. 设置 set​ /set/They set the table for dinner before the guests arrived.(客人们到达之前，他们摆好了餐桌。) set​ /set/The sun has set behind the mountains.(太阳已经落山了。) shut​ /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭 shut​ /ʃʌt/Remember to shut the door when you leave the room.(离开房间时记得关门。) shut​ /ʃʌt/The shop has been shut for three days due to renovation.(由于装修，这家店已经关了三天了。) spread​ /spred/ v. 传播 spread​ /spred/The fire spread quickly through the dry forest.(大火迅速蔓延过干燥的森林。) spread​ /spred/News of his resignation has spread throughout the company.(他辞职的消息已经在公司里传开了。) 二、ABB 型 (过去式和过去分词同形)buy​ /baɪ/ v. 买 bought​ /bɔːt/I bought a new dress for the wedding yesterday.(昨天我为婚礼买了一条新裙子。) bought​ /bɔːt/She has bought all the ingredients for the cake.(她已经买齐了做蛋糕的所有材料。) bring​ /brɪŋ/ v. 带来 brought​ /brɔːt/He brought his laptop to the meeting this morning.(今早他把笔记本电脑带到了会议上。) brought​ /brɔːt/What have you brought for the potluck dinner?(你为聚餐带了什么？) build​ /bɪld/ v. 建造 built​ /bɪlt/They built a new school in our neighborhood last year.(去年我们在社区建了一所新学校。) built​ /bɪlt/The bridge has been built across the river.(河上已经建起了桥。) burn​ /bɜːn/ v. 燃烧 burnt​ /bɜːnt/ (英) / burned (美)The wood burnt slowly in the fireplace.(木头在壁炉里慢慢燃烧。) burnt​ /bɜːnt/ (英) / burned (美)The toast has been burnt again!(吐司又被烤焦了！) catch​ /kætʃ/ v. 抓住 caught​ /kɔːt/The police caught the thief on the street last night.(昨晚警察在街上抓住了小偷。) caught​ /kɔːt/I have caught a bad cold from the weather change.(因为天气变化，我已经感冒了。) deal​ /diːl/ v. 处理 dealt​ /delt/We dealt with the problem very efficiently yesterday.(昨天我们非常高效地处理了那个问题。) dealt​ /delt/He has dealt with many difficult customers in his career.(在他的职业生涯中，他已经应付过很多难缠的顾客。) dig​ /dɪɡ/ v. 挖 dug​ /dʌɡ/The dog dug a hole in the garden this afternoon.(今天下午狗在花园里挖了个洞。) dug​ /dʌɡ/They have dug a well in the village.(村子里已经挖了一口井。) feel​ /fiːl/ v. 感觉 felt​ /felt/I felt very nervous before the exam started.(考试开始前我感觉很紧张。) felt​ /felt/Have you ever felt this way before?(你以前有过这种感觉吗？) find​ /faɪnd/ v. 找到 found​ /faʊnd/I found my lost keys under the sofa this morning.(今早我在沙发下找到了丢失的钥匙。) found​ /faʊnd/She has found a solution to the problem.(她已经找到了问题的解决方案。) have​ /hæv/ v. 有 had​ /hæd/We had a great time at the concert last night.(昨晚我们在音乐会上玩得很开心。) had​ /hæd/I haven't had breakfast yet today.(我今天还没吃早饭。) hear​ /hɪə/ v. 听见 heard​ /hɜːd/I heard a strange noise outside the window.(我听到窗外有奇怪的声音。) heard​ /hɜːd/Have you heard the latest news about the election?(你听说关于选举的最新消息了吗？) hold​ /həʊld/ v. 握住 held​ /held/She held my hand tightly during the scary movie.(看恐怖电影时她紧紧握着我的手。) held​ /held/The Olympic Games will be held in Paris next year.(奥运会将于明年在巴黎举行。) keep​ /kiːp/ v. 保持 kept​ /kept/He kept the secret for many years.(他把这个秘密保守了很多年。) kept​ /kept/I have kept this photo since I was a child.(我从小时候起就一直保存着这张照片。) leave​ /liːv/ v. 离开 left​ /left/Don't forget to leave the room before 10 PM.(别忘了晚上10点前离开房间。) left​ /left/He has already left for the airport.(他已经去机场了。) lend​ /lend/ v. 借出 lent​ /lent/I lent my dictionary to my classmate yesterday.(昨天我把字典借给同学了。) lent​ /lent/She has lent me a lot of money in the past.(过去她借过我很多钱。) light​ /laɪt/ v. 点燃 lit​ /lɪt/ (英) / lighted (美)He lit a candle to make the room brighter.(他点了一根蜡烛让房间更亮。) lit​ /lɪt/ (英) / lighted (美)The room has been lit by the soft lamp.(房间已经被柔和的台灯照亮了。) lose​ /luːz/ v. 丢失 lost​ /lɒst/I lost my wallet somewhere in the shopping mall.(我在商场某个地方丢了钱包。) lost​ /lɒst/We have lost contact with him for many years.(我们已经和他失联很多年了。) make​ /meɪk/ v. 制作 made​ /meɪd/She made a beautiful cake for my birthday.(她为我的生日做了一个漂亮的蛋糕。) made​ /meɪd/The decision has been made by the manager.(经理已经做出了决定。) meet​ /miːt/ v. 遇见 met​ /met/I met an old friend at the coffee shop this morning.(今早我在咖啡店遇到了一位老朋友。) met​ /met/I have met him several times before.(我以前见过他几次。) pay​ /peɪ/ v. 支付 paid​ /peɪd/I paid the electricity bill yesterday.(昨天我交了电费。) paid​ /peɪd/He has paid off all his debts.(他已经还清了所有债务。) say​ /seɪ/ v. 说 said​ /sed/She said she would call me later.(她说她稍后会给我打电话。) said​ /sed/What did he say? I have never heard such a thing.(他说了什么？我从没听过这种事。) sell​ /sel/ v. 卖 sold​ /səʊld/They sold their house in the city and moved to the country.(他们卖掉了城里的房子搬到了乡下。) sold​ /səʊld/All the tickets for the show have been sold out.(演出的票已经全部售罄。) send​ /send/ v. 发送 sent​ /sent/I sent an email to my boss this morning.(今早我给老板发了一封邮件。) sent​ /sent/She has sent me many photos from her trip.(她已经从旅行中给我发了很多照片。) shine​ /ʃaɪn/ v. 照耀 shone​ /ʃɒn/The sun shone brightly after the rain stopped.(雨停后阳光灿烂地照耀着。) shone​ /ʃɒn/The moon has shone on the calm lake.(月亮照耀在平静的湖面上。) shoot​ /ʃuːt/ v. 射击 shot​ /ʃɒt/He shot the arrow and hit the target.(他射出箭并击中了靶心。) shot​ /ʃɒt/The movie has been shot in New Zealand.(这部电影是在新西兰拍摄的。) sit​ /sɪt/ v. 坐 sat​ /sæt/Please sit down and have a cup of tea.(请坐下来喝杯茶。) sat​ /sæt/She has sat in the same position for hours.(她已经保持同一个姿势坐了好几个小时了。) sleep​ /sliːp/ v. 睡觉 slept​ /slept/I slept well last night, so I feel energetic today.(昨晚睡得很好，所以今天感觉精力充沛。) slept​ /slept/He has slept for ten hours straight.(他已经连续睡了十个小时了。) smell​ /smel/ v. 闻 smelt​ /smelt/ (英) / smelled (美)I smelt something burning in the kitchen.(我闻到厨房里有东西烧焦的味道。) smelt​ /smelt/ (英) / smelled (美)Have you smelt this perfume before?(你以前闻过这种香水吗？) spend​ /spend/ v. 花费 spent​ /spent/We spent two hours doing homework last night.(昨晚我们花了两个小时做作业。) spent​ /spent/I have spent too much money on clothes this month.(这个月我在衣服上花太多钱了。) stand​ /stænd/ v. 站立 stood​ /stʊd/Please stand in line and wait for your turn.(请排队等候。) stood​ /stʊd/He stood still and listened to the music.(他静静地站着听音乐。) teach​ /tiːtʃ/ v. 教 (注：原图未显示，但常考) taught​ /tɔːt/She taught English at this school for ten years.(她在这所学校教了十年英语。) taught​ /tɔːt/He has taught me a valuable lesson in life.(他教给我人生中宝贵的一课。) tell​ /tel/ v. 告诉 (注：原图未显示，但常考) told​ /təʊld/He told me the truth about what happened.(他告诉了我发生事情的真相。) told​ /təʊld/Have you told anyone else about this plan?(你把这个计划告诉其他人了吗？) think​ /θɪŋk/ v. 想 thought​ /θɔːt/I thought you were going to come earlier.(我以为你会来得更早些。) thought​ /θɔːt/She has thought about this problem for a long time.(她考虑这个问题已经很久了。) understand​ /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v. 理解 (注：原图未显示，但常考) understood​ /ˌʌndəˈstʊd/I understood the instructions clearly.(我清楚地理解了指示。) understood​ /ˌʌndəˈstʊd/He has understood the complexity of the situation.(他已经理解了局势的复杂性。) wake​ /weɪk/ v. 醒来 woke​ /wəʊk/I woke up late this morning and missed the bus.(今早睡过头了，错过了公交车。) woken​ /ˈwəʊkən/I have woken up early every day this week.(这周我每天都醒得很早。) win​ /wɪn/ v. 赢 (注：原图未显示，但常考) won​ /wʌn/Our team won the match yesterday.(我们队昨天赢了比赛。) won​ /wʌn/She has won several awards for her work.(她因为工作赢得了几个奖项。) 三、ABC 型 (三者皆不同，常见元音变化)awake​ /əˈweɪk/ v. 唤醒 awoke​ /əˈwəʊk/The noise awoke me from my deep sleep.(噪音把我从熟睡中吵醒了。) awoken​ /əˈwəʊkən/I have awoken to the sound of birds chirping.(我是在鸟鸣声中醒来的。) be (am/is/are)​ /biː/ v. 是 was​ (单数) / were​ (复数)I was at home yesterday evening.(昨天晚上我在家。) been​ /biːn/I have been to Paris twice.(我去过巴黎两次。) bear​ /beə/ v. 忍受/生 bore​ /bɔː/The lecture bored me to tears.(讲座让我无聊得要死。) born​ /bɔːn/ (出生) / borne​ (忍受)He was born in 1990.(他出生于1990年。)She has borne the pain for many years.(她忍受这种痛苦很多年了。) beat​ /biːt/ v. 打败 beat​ /biːt/We beat the other team in the final game.(我们在决赛中打败了另一支队伍。) beaten​ /ˈbiːtn/He has been beaten by a stronger opponent.(他被更强的对手打败了。) become​ /bɪˈkʌm/ v. 变成 became​ /bɪˈkeɪm/She became famous after her first book was published.(她的第一本书出版后她就出名了。) become​ /bɪˈkʌm/He has become much more confident since last year.(自从去年以来他变得更加自信了。) begin​ /bɪˈɡɪn/ v. 开始 began​ /bɪˈɡæn/The meeting began at 9 o'clock sharp.(会议在9点整准时开始。) begun​ /bɪˈɡʌn/Have you begun your assignment yet?(你已经开始做作业了吗？) blow​ /bləʊ/ v. 吹 blew​ /bluː/The wind blew strongly last night.(昨晚风刮得很大。) blown​ /bləʊn/The leaves have been blown away by the wind.(树叶已经被风吹走了。) break​ /breɪk/ v. 打破 broke​ /brəʊk/He broke the window with a stone.(他用石头打破了窗户。) broken​ /ˈbrəʊkən/The vase has been broken into pieces.(花瓶已经摔成了碎片。) choose​ /tʃuːz/ v. 选择 chose​ /tʃəʊz/She chose the red dress instead of the blue one.(她选择了红裙子而不是蓝裙子。) chosen​ /ˈtʃəʊzn/He has chosen a different path in life.(他选择了人生的另一条路。) do​ /duː/ v. 做 did​ /dɪd/What did you do last weekend?(你上周末做了什么？) done​ /dʌn/I have done my homework already.(我已经做完作业了。) draw​ /drɔː/ v. 画 drew​ /druː/He drew a beautiful picture of the sunset.(他画了一幅美丽的日落画。) drawn​ /drɔːn/She has drawn all the characters for the comic book.(她已经画完了漫画书里的所有角色。) dream​ /driːm/ v. 做梦 dreamt​ /dremt/ (英) / dreamed (美)I dreamt about flying last night.(昨晚我梦到自己在飞。) dreamt​ /dremt/ (英) / dreamed (美)He has dreamed of traveling the world since he was young.(他从小就梦想环游世界。) drink​ /drɪŋk/ v. 喝 drank​ /dræŋk/I drank a cup of hot chocolate before bed.(睡前我喝了一杯热巧克力。) drunk​ /drʌŋk/He has drunk too much alcohol tonight.(今晚他喝了太多酒。) drive​ /draɪv/ v. 驾驶 drove​ /drəʊv/She drove to work this morning even though it was raining.(尽管下雨，她今早还是开车去上班了。) driven​ /ˈdrɪvn/He has driven over 100,000 kilometers in his car.(他的车已经开了超过10万公里了。) eat​ /iːt/ v. 吃 ate​ /et/ (英) / eɪt/ (美)We ate pizza for dinner yesterday.(昨晚我们晚餐吃了披萨。) eaten​ /ˈiːtn/I haven't eaten breakfast yet.(我还没吃早饭。) fall​ /fɔːl/ v. 落下 fell​ /fel/The leaves fell from the trees in autumn.(秋天树叶从树上落下。) fallen​ /ˈfɔːln/The temperature has fallen below zero.(温度已经降到了零度以下。) fly​ /flaɪ/ v. 飞 flew​ /fluː/The bird flew south for the winter.(鸟儿飞往南方过冬。) flown​ /fləʊn/The plane has flown across the Atlantic Ocean.(飞机已经飞越大西洋了。) forget​ /fəˈɡet/ v. 忘记 forgot​ /fəˈɡɒt/I forgot my umbrella at home today.(今天我把伞忘在家里了。) forgotten​ /fəˈɡɒtn/She has forgotten how to play the piano.(她已经忘了怎么弹钢琴了。) freeze​ /friːz/ v. 结冰 froze​ /frəʊz/The lake froze over during the cold winter.(寒冷的冬天湖面结冰了。) frozen​ /ˈfrəʊzn/The food has been frozen to keep it fresh.(食物已经被冷冻以保持新鲜。) get​ /ɡet/ v. 得到 got​ /ɡɒt/I got a letter from my friend in America.(我收到了美国朋友的一封信。) got​ /ɡɒt/ / gotten​ (美)I have gotten used to the new schedule.(我已经习惯了新时间表。) give​ /ɡɪv/ v. 给 gave​ /ɡeɪv/He gave me a book as a birthday gift.(他送了我一本书作为生日礼物。) given​ /ˈɡɪvn/She has given her heart to the charity work.(她已经全身心投入到慈善工作中了。) go​ /ɡəʊ/ v. 去 went​ /went/We went to the beach last Sunday.(上周日我们去了海滩。) gone​ /ɡɒn/He has gone to London on business.(他去伦敦出差了。) grow​ /ɡrəʊ/ v. 生长 grew​ /ɡruː/The plant grew quickly after we watered it.(浇水后这棵植物长得很快。) grown​ /ɡrəʊn/It has grown into a big tree over the years.(这些年它已经长成了一棵大树。) hide​ /haɪd/ v. 躲藏 hid​ /hɪd/The kids hid behind the door during the game.(游戏时孩子们躲在门后。) hidden​ /ˈhɪdn/The treasure has been hidden under the floorboards for centuries.(宝藏已经藏在地板下几个世纪了。) know​ /nəʊ/ v. 知道 knew​ /njuː/I knew her when I was in primary school.(我在小学时就认识她了。) known​ /nəʊn/He is known as the best player in the team.(他以队里最好的球员而闻名。) lay​ /leɪ/ v. 放置 laid​ /leɪd/She laid the baby gently in the crib.(她轻轻地把婴儿放在婴儿床里。) laid​ /leɪd/He has laid the foundation for a successful career.(他为成功的职业生涯奠定了基础。) lead​ /liːd/ v. 带领 led​ /led/The guide led us through the dark forest.(向导带着我们穿过黑暗的森林。) led​ /led/She has led the company to great success.(她带领公司取得了巨大的成功。) learn​ /lɜːn/ v. 学习 learnt​ /lɜːnt/ (英) / learned (美)I learnt a lot from my mistakes.(我从错误中学到了很多。) learnt​ /lɜːnt/ (英) / learned (美)He has learned to play the guitar in three months.(他在三个月内学会了弹吉他。) leave​ (特殊义项：遗留) left​ /left/Be careful not to leave your keys behind.(小心别把钥匙落下。) left​ /left/The smell of cookies has been left in the kitchen.(厨房里还留着饼干的香味。) lie​ (躺) /laɪ/ v. 躺 lay​ /leɪ/He lay on the sofa and watched TV.(他躺在沙发上看电视。) lain​ /leɪn/She has lain in bed all day because she is sick.(她因为生病整天躺在床上。) ride​ /raɪd/ v. 骑 rode​ /rəʊd/I rode my bike to school when I was a child.(小时候我骑自行车上学。) ridden​ /ˈrɪdn/She has ridden horses for many years.(她骑马已经很多年了。) ring​ /rɪŋ/ v. 响铃 rang​ /ræŋ/The phone rang while I was taking a shower.(我洗澡时电话响了。) rung​ /rʌŋ/The church bells have rung for the morning service.(教堂的钟声已经为晨祷敲响。) rise​ /raɪz/ v. 升起 rose​ /rəʊz/The sun rose at 6 o'clock this morning.(今早太阳在6点升起。) risen​ /ˈrɪzn/The dough has risen and is ready to bake.(面团已经发酵好，可以烤了。) run​ /rʌn/ v. 跑 ran​ /ræn/He ran five kilometers this morning.(今早他跑了五公里。) run​ /rʌn/I have run out of milk and need to buy some.(我的牛奶喝光了，需要去买一些。) say​ /seɪ/ v. 说 said​ /sed/She said she would call me later.(她说她稍后会给我打电话。) said​ /sed/What did he say? I have never heard such a thing.(他说了什么？我从没听过这种事。) see​ /siː/ v. 看见 saw​ /sɔː/I saw a shooting star last night.(昨晚我看到了一颗流星。) seen​ /siːn/Have you seen the new movie that everyone is talking about?(你看过大家都在谈论的那部新电影吗？) show​ /ʃəʊ/ v. 展示 showed​ /ʃəʊd/He showed me his new car with pride.(他自豪地向我展示了他的新车。) shown​ /ʃəʊn/The results have been shown to the public.(结果已经向公众展示了。) sing​ /sɪŋ/ v. 唱歌 sang​ /sæŋ/She sang a beautiful song at the party.(她在派对上唱了一首优美的歌。) sung​ /sʌŋ/He has sung this song hundreds of times.(这首歌他已经唱了几百遍了。) speak​ /spiːk/ v. 说 spoke​ /spəʊk/He spoke French fluently at the conference.(他在会议上流利地说法语。) spoken​ /ˈspəʊkən/She has spoken to the manager about the issue.(她已经就这个问题和经理谈过了。) steal​ /stiːl/ v. 偷 stole​ /stəʊl/Someone stole my bike from the parking lot.(有人从停车场偷了我的自行车。) stolen​ /ˈstəʊln/The painting has been stolen from the museum.(那幅画已经从博物馆被盗了。) swim​ /swɪm/ v. 游泳 swam​ /swɒm/I swam in the pool all afternoon.(我整个下午都在泳池里游泳。) swum​ /swʌm/He has swum in many different oceans.(他在许多不同的海洋里游过泳。) take​ /teɪk/ v. 拿 (注：原图未显示，但常考) took​ /tʊk/I took a taxi to the airport because I was late.(因为我迟到了，所以我坐出租车去了机场。) taken​ /ˈteɪkən/She has taken the job offer in New York.(她已经接受了纽约的工作邀请。) teach​ /tiːtʃ/ v. 教 taught​ /tɔːt/He taught me how to ride a bike when I was little.(我小时候他教我骑自行车。) taught​ /tɔːt/She has taught at this university for twenty years.(她在这所大学教书二十年了。) think​ /θɪŋk/ v. 想 thought​ /θɔːt/I thought you were going to come earlier.(我以为你会来得更早些。) thought​ /θɔːt/He has thought about this problem for a long time.(他考虑这个问题已经很久了。) throw​ /θrəʊ/ v. 扔 (注：原图未显示，但常考) threw​ /θruː/He threw the ball as far as he could.(他尽可能远地扔出了球。) thrown​ /θrəʊn/She has thrown away all the old magazines.(她已经把所有旧杂志都扔掉了。) understand​ /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ v. 理解 understood​ /ˌʌndəˈstʊd/I understood the instructions clearly.(我清楚地理解了指示。) understood​ /ˌʌndəˈstʊd/He has understood the complexity of the situation.(他已经理解了局势的复杂性。) wake​ /weɪk/ v. 醒来 woke​ /wəʊk/I woke up late this morning and missed the bus.(今早睡过头了，错过了公交车。) woken​ /ˈwəʊkən/I have woken up early every day this week.(这周我每天都醒得很早。) wear​ /weə/ v. 穿 (注：原图未显示，但常考) wore​ /wɔː/She wore a red dress to the wedding.(她穿了一条红裙子去参加婚礼。) worn​ /wɔːn/He has worn the same shirt for three days.(他同一件衬衫已经穿了三天了。) write​ /raɪt/ v. 写 wrote​ /rəʊt/I wrote a letter to my grandmother last week.(上周我给奶奶写了一封信。) written​ /ˈrɪtn/She has written three novels so far.(到目前为止她已经写了三部小说。) 四、情态动词及特殊变化can​ /kæn/ v. 能 could​ /kʊd/I could swim when I was five years old.(我五岁的时候就会游泳了。) — (无) may​ /meɪ/ v. 可能 might​ /maɪt/It might rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella.(今天下午可能会下雨，所以带把伞吧。) — (无) must​ /mʌst/ v. 必须 had to​ (过去式必须)I had to finish the report by Friday.(我必须在周五前完成报告。) — (无) shall​ /ʃæl/ v. 将要 should​ /ʃʊd/You should study harder if you want to pass the exam.(如果你想通过考试，你应该更努力学习。) — (无) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $