2026年人教版英语八年级下册暑假作业--基础巩固与拓展提高练习Unit4

**基本信息** 以自然景观为主题，整合词汇、语法与语篇训练，分层巩固基础并拓展综合语言运用能力，渗透文化意识与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础巩固|首字母填空25题、词形填空20题|聚焦核心词汇（自然景观、形容词等）及语法（时态、比较级等）|从词汇拼写（如“cave”“desert”）到词形转换（如“develop→development”），构建“音-形-义”关联| |拓展提高|完形1篇、阅读1篇、补全短文1篇、阅读填表1篇、短文填空1篇、书面表达1篇|以自然话题语篇（死海、沙漠、黄山等）为载体，考查语篇理解与综合表达|从单句词汇到语篇逻辑（如完形填空情节发展），再到跨文化书面输出（黄山介绍），形成“基础-拓展-应用”递进链|

2026年人教版英语八年级下暑假作业--基础巩固与拓展提高练习Unit 4 基础巩固AOHANG 一、首字母填空 1．Many deep sea-animals are large and u________. 2．Luckily, all the small animals are still a________ with the doctors’ help. 3．The c________ is a large hole in the side of a hill or under the ground. 4．The beautiful scenery will a________ lots of tourists every year. 5．It’s b________ to drink enough water every day, especially when you are hiking. 6．The d________ is a large area of land where there is very little water and few plants. 7．Qomolangma is the highest p________ in the world. 8．Kids are always c________ about the world around them and keep asking questions. 9．Without enough food and water, it’s hard for animals to s________ in the desert. 10．You should look after y________ well when your parents are away. 11．He will wait u________ his friend arrives at the meeting place. 12．She is a t________ girl who takes part in all kinds of competitions. 13．In my o________, too many after-school activities are not good for kids. 14．Could you e________ the reason why you were late again? 15．It is n________ for teenagers to feel nervous before big exams. 16．Many birds live in the thick f________ in the mountains. 17．The river is very d________. It’s dangerous to swim in it. 18．The d________ of the river is over ten meters. Be careful when you swim. 19．The Dead Sea’s surface is 416 meters b________ sea level. 20．With the great d________ of technology, our life has changed a lot. 21．Let’s go to the swimming p ________and have fun this weekend. 22．A w________ can dive to over 2,000 metres in the ocean. 23．Nothing is more terrible than d________ in the world. 24．In early March, many n________ cities in China like Shenyang had a heavy snow. 25．The m________ of the deep cave has attracted many scientists to explore it for many years. 2、 用所给词正确形式填空 26．The Yangtze River is the ________ (three) longest river in the world. 27．The firemen saved the people in the burning buildings ________ (success). 28．When they smelt something ________ (usual), they realized that there might be a fire. 29．The Internet has made our lives much ________ (easy) than before. 30．The ________ scenery in Yunnan is very beautiful. (nature) 31．Doing sports makes us ________ (health) and strong. 32．The ________ (die) of the old man made everyone sad. 33．Working in a team can make you much ________ (success) than working alone. 34．The rapid ________ (develop) of students’ abilities needs proper training. 35．He ________ (offer) to help me with my study when I was in trouble last week.（过去时态） 36．You need to speak ________ (clear) so that everyone can understand you. 37．More and more ________ (travel) come to visit this beautiful place every year. 38．We watched an ________ (amaze) movie last night—the story made everyone laugh and cry. 39．The school’s dance ________ (perform) made everyone cheer loudly. 40．She painted a ________ (colour) picture of flowers in the garden. 41．He ________ (risk) his life to save the child from the fire. 42．No one runs ________ (fast) than him in our class. 43．My favourite ________ (act) plays a hero in the new movie. 44．My teacher wrote ________ (help) notes on my homework to show where I made mistakes. 45．Mom smiled and said,“This is ________ (exact) the book I wanted to buy for you!” 拓展提高AOHANG 三、完形填空 Have you ever wondered what the most beautiful natural wonder is? One day, Little Squirrel heard Old Bird say, “I’ve flown over the forest, and I saw the most beautiful natural wonder there.” Little Squirrel was sitting on a branch and 46 those words. He thought, “The most beautiful natural wonder—it must be a tall pine with lots of pinecones! I’ll go and find it.” Little Squirrel jumped down towards the 47 . He ran so fast that he didn’t see Little Deer 48 Little Deer walked out and asked, “Where are you going in such a hurry?” “To the forest to find the most beautiful natural wonder,” Little Squirrel replied and ran 49 . “The most beautiful natural wonder,” said Little Deer. “That must be a clear lake with lovely fish. I’ll go and find it.” So Little Deer 50 him. Later, they met Little Rabbit. “Where are you going in such a hurry?” asked Little Rabbit. “To find the most beautiful natural wonder,” they shouted. “The most beautiful natural wonder,” said Little Rabbit. “ 51 is better than the warm sunshine through the leaves and the fresh wind around us.” So he stayed under the tree and enjoyed the 52 happily. Little Squirrel and Little Deer ran far and fast all day long and still they didn’t find the most beautiful natural wonder. When the 53 was over, they started back to their homes. They didn’t hurry now, because they were very tired and 54 . They 55 Old Bird halfway home. “Did you find the most beautiful natural wonder?” asked Old Bird. “No!” They sounded unhappy. “Little Rabbit has it,” she said. “It’s enjoying the beauty around you right now. That’s the true wonder of nature.” 46．A．wrote B．heard C．forgot D．spoke 47．A．forest B．tree C．cave D．lake 48．A．until B．because C．although D．if 49．A．slower B．faster C．more quietly D．nearer 50．A．cheered B．asked C．joined D．visited 51．A．Everything B．Something C．Anything D．Nothing 52．A．nature B．book C．food D．game 53．A．night B．day C．week D．month 54．A．full B．happy C．hungry D．excited 55．A．met B．hurt C．lost D．drove 四、阅读理解 Do you want to see the Dead Sea? It is one of the most amazing natural wonders on earth. But why is it called the Dead Sea? Can anything live in it? Can people swim there? Let’s find out! The Dead Sea is not really a sea — it’s a large salt lake in the Middle East. It is the lowest place on land, about 400 metres below sea level, and lies between Israel and Jordan. A hot, dry desert surrounds the lake all year round. Because the weather is extremely hot, water evaporates (蒸发) quickly. The lake doesn’t get enough new water from rivers or rain, so the water level keeps dropping, leaving behind huge amounts of salt. As a result, the Dead Sea is much saltier than the ocean! Because it’s so salty, fish and other animals can’t survive there. Only a few special bacteria (细菌) can live in this environment. The salt also forms crystals (晶体) on the shore, making it hard for most animals to get close. You might wonder why people still visit this “dead” place. In fact, it’s very safe for humans. You can even go swimming there if you want. Although it’s hard to swim normally, all that salt in the water makes it much easier for people to float on the surface. It feels like magic! If you ever get a chance to visit, don’t miss this incredible place. 56．What can you learn about the Dead Sea from the passage? A．It’s near the Middle East. B．It’s far from the desert. C．It’s 11 kilometres wide. D．It’s the lowest point on land. 57．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Who might come to the Dead Sea. B．How the Dead Sea gets so salty. C．Why fish can’t live in the Dead Sea. D．Why the Dead Sea is like a cloud of fog. 58．What does the underlined word “float” mean in Chinese? A．逃跑 B．漂浮 C．挣脱 D．陷入 59．What’s the structure of the passage? (Paragraph 1=①, Paragraph 2=②...) A． B． C． D． 60．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A geography textbook. B．A storybook for children. C．A fashion magazine. D．A cooking recipe book. 五、补全短文 There are different kinds of deserts, both hot and cold. The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, while the Gobi Desert is mostly cold. 61 Some deserts are mountainous. What is the weather like in deserts? They are very dry. 62 Days are very, very hot, and nights can be quite cold. When rain does fall, it often comes suddenly, but there is still very little water in hot deserts. Sometimes water collects in certain places, forming areas called oases (绿洲). 63 There can be sandstorms or even snowstorms. In sandy deserts, winds often shape the sand into long ridges and dunes (山脊和沙丘). 64 Although deserts are very dry, many plants are able to grow there. There are also many animals, insects and birds. How do they survive? Some plants, such as cacti (仙人掌), store rainwater in their stems for a long time. Other plants have long roots that reach deep underground to get water. Some desert animals almost never drink water. 65 Many animals sleep during the hot daytime and come out to look for food at night. Some stay underground for most of the day, where it is much cooler. People often travel through the desert on camels (骆驼). These animals can take in a lot of water very quickly and then go for a long time without drinking again. They are well suited to life in the desert. A．They have little rainfall. B．Some deserts are sandy. C．Life in the deserts is very amazing. D．What plants and animals live in hot deserts? E．It can be very stormy in deserts too. F．They get water from seeds and plants. 六、阅读填表 The Grand Canyon (科罗拉多大峡谷) is the most beautiful canyon in America and one of the greatest natural wonders on the Earth. It lies in Arizona (亚利桑那州), America. The Colorado River runs through it and forms the amazing valley (山谷) over millions of years. It is famous for its great size, colorful rocks and amazing views. It is so huge and special that it catches millions of travelers’ eyes every year. The canyon is famous for its amazing sights. The rocks show different colors like red, brown and orange at different times of the day. The high cliffs and deep valley make travelers feel small and shocked. Many people come here to walk, take photos and enjoy the power of nature. But the Grand Canyon also faces problems. Human activities and bad weather may do harm to the rocks and the environment. To protect this great wonder, many rules are made to limit harmful activities. People are encouraged to enjoy nature in a green and safe way. In a word, the Grand Canyon is a symbol of nature’s power. It tells us that we must value and protect natural wonders for a better world. The Grand Canyon — A Fantastic Natural Wonder Parts Information Basic facts • The Grand Canyon is 66 than any other canyon in America and it is one of the world’s greatest natural wonders. • Its beauty attracts millions of 67 from around the world every year. Sights & feelings • The colors of rocks 68 at different times of the day. • People go there 69 the power of nature. Problems & protection • Human activities and bad weather bring many 70 to the canyon.   • Mary rules are made to limit harmful activities, and people are encouraged to enjoy nature in a green and safe way. 七、短文填空 Lake Natron is a lake in Tanzania, East Africa. Its water is red, and the lake is one of the 71 (salt) lakes in the world. The red colour 72 (come) from salt-loving organisms (生物) called halophiles. This is a 73 (nature) wonder, but also dangerous to many living things. Lake Natron is very hot. And its water can reach 60℃. The lake’s high salt levels can burn skin and even damage (损害) eyes. That’s why many animals cannot live here. But one special bird, 74 flamingo, loves this lake. It builds nests on the salt islands. Every year, thousands of flamingos come here 75 (lay) eggs and raise their chicks. The lake gives them a safe home, 76 few animals can reach their nests. The lake’s beauty is 77 (change). Sometimes it looks red, sometimes pink, and sometimes silver or orange. This depends on the sunlight, temperature, and algae (藻类) in the water. Its colours change throughout the day and across seasons. Strong winds can also change the shape of the salt crusts. People must be careful here. Walking near the lake is 78 (risk). The salt crust can break, and people can fall 79 the hot, salty water. The air around the lake sometimes smells terrible because of chemicals in the water. Still, it is a magical place to visit and study, especially for 80 (science) and photographers. 八、书面表达 中国幅员辽阔，自然风光美不胜收。作为五岳之一的黄山，其景区正在征集更多英文宣传稿，让更多人爱上这一宝藏景观。请根据所给提示，为它写一篇80词左右的英语简介。 提示： (1) 位置：中国安徽省南部； (2) 景观描述：①以迎客松、怪石、云海、温泉 (hot springs) 闻名； ②有许多珍稀 (rare) 植物和动物； ③四季风景不同：春季山花遍野，夏季清凉多雨，秋季红叶满山，冬季雪景迷人； (3) 评价：①世界文化与自然双重遗产 (Heritage)； ②每年数百万 (millions of) 游客登顶赏景。 Mount Huangshan 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参考答案 1．unusual/nusual 【详解】句意：许多深海动物既庞大又不寻常。根据首字母u及“Many deep sea-animals are large and...”可知，此处应填“不寻常的”，unusual“不寻常的”，形容词与large并列作表语，符合语境。 2． alive/live 【详解】句意：幸运的是，在医生的帮助下，所有小动物仍然活着。句中are为系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语。结合首字母a和语境，要用表示“活着的”的单词alive。 3．cave/ave 【详解】句意：洞穴是山坡侧面或地下的大洞。结合首字母提示c，cave表示“洞穴”；句中be动词是is，说明主语为单数，故填cave。 4．attract/ttract 【详解】句意：这美丽的风景每年将会吸引大量游客。根据“The beautiful scenery”和“lots of tourists”及首字母可知，此处表示美丽的风景“吸引”游客，attract“吸引”符合语境，情态动词will后接动词原形，故填attract。 5．beneficial/eneficial 【详解】句意：每天喝足够的水是有益的，尤其是在徒步旅行时。根据“It’s”及“to drink enough water every day”提示，此处为“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。根据首字母提示，“有益的”为形容词beneficial，作表语，符合题意。 6．desert/esert 【详解】句意：沙漠是一大片几乎没有水和植物的陆地。结合首字母，根据“a large area of land where there is very little water and few plants”可知此处描述的是沙漠，谓语动词是“is”，对应主语使用单数名词desert。 7．peak/eak 【详解】句意：珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。结合常识和首字母p的提示，可知填入名词peak“山峰”符合句意，此处应用名词单数，和最高级highest搭配。 8．curious/urious 【详解】句意：孩子们总是对周围的世界充满好奇，并且不停地问问题。be + 形容词 + about是固定搭配，表示“对某事的情绪或态度”。结合“keep asking questions”（不停地问问题）及首字母为c可知，应是说孩子们对周围世界充满好奇，curious“好奇的”，符合语境。 9．survive/urvive 【详解】句意：没有足够的食物和水，动物很难在沙漠中生存下来。句中“it’s hard for sb. to do sth.”为固定句型，不定式to后接动词原形；根据首字母提示s和前文“Without enough food and water”，动词survive“生存、存活”符合语境。故填survive。 10．yourself/ourself 【详解】句意：父母不在家的时候，你要好好照顾自己。根据“look after”和首字母提示可知，此处填写“look after oneself”的固定搭配表示照顾自己，主语“You”的反身代词为yourself，故填yourself。 11．until/ntil 【详解】句意：他会一直等到他的朋友到达会面地点。此处考查连词，until意为“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。 12．talented/alented 【详解】句意：她是一个有才华的女孩，参加各种比赛。根据首字母t及“takes part in all kinds of competitions”可知，她是一个“有才华的”女孩，talented“有才华的”，符合语境。 13．opinion/pinion 【详解】句意：在我看来，过多的课外活动对孩子不好。固定搭配in my opinion“在我看来”，结合首字母提示，故填opinion。 14．explain/xplain 【详解】句意：你能解释一下你为什么又迟到的原因吗？首字母e提示，explain意为“解释”，情态动词Could后接动词原形。 15．normal/ormal 【详解】句意：对于青少年来说，在大考试前感到紧张是正常的。根据“for teenagers to feel nervous before big exams.”，考前焦虑是正常的，结合首字母n提示，normal意为“正常的”，符合语境。 16．forest/orest 【详解】句意：许多鸟住在山上茂密的森林里。根据首字母f和“Many birds live in the thick…in the mountains.”的语境可知，此处指森林，“forest（森林）”符合“thick forest”（茂密的森林）的搭配。 17．deep/eep 【详解】句意：这条河很深，在里面游泳很危险。根据后句“It’s dangerous to swim in it.”和首字母提示d可知，此处表示河水的深度，形容词deep“深的”符合语境，在句中作表语，故填deep。 18． depth/epth 【详解】 句意：这条河的深度超过十米。游泳时要小心。根据语境及首字母提示，这里表达“深度”，对应的单词是depth，为名词，符合“the+名词+of”的结构，因此填depth。 19．below/elow 【详解】句意：死海的湖面低于海平面416米。The Dead Sea指“死海”，surface指“湖面”，sea level指“海平面”，结合地理常识，死海是世界上湖面海拔最低的湖泊，其湖面位置低于海平面。表示“低于……（基准面）”的介词是below，结合首字母b，故填below。 20． development/evelopment 【详解】句意：随着技术迅猛发展，我们的生活发生了很大变化。根据首字母d和句意，此处应填“发展”对应的单词；great修饰名词，故填development。 21．pool/ool 【详解】句意：这周末我们去游泳池玩吧。句中swimming pool为固定搭配，表示游泳池，故填pool。 22．whale/hale 【详解】句意：一头鲸鱼可以潜入海洋2000多米深处。句中空格前有不定冠词A，提示此处需填入以字母w开头的单数可数名词；结合海洋深潜的语境，对应单词为whale（鲸鱼），故填whale。 23． death/eath 【详解】句意：世界上没有什么比死亡更可怕的了。根据句意和首字母提示，此处表示“死亡”，death符合语境，death为不可数名词，在句中作介词“than”的宾语，无需变化形式。 24．northern/orthern 【详解】句意：三月初，中国北方的许多城市，如沈阳，下了一场大雪。根据首字母n以及沈阳在中国北方可知，此处表示“北方的”，对应英文northern。 25．mystery/ystery 【详解】句意：这个深洞的谜团多年来吸引了许多科学家前来探索。“has attracted many scientists to explore it”及首字母提示可知，此处是指深洞的谜团吸引了科学家来探索，the mystery of“……的谜团”。 26． third 【详解】句意：长江是世界上第三长河。表示“第几最……”时，固定结构为“the+序数词+形容词最高级”。括号内给出的词是基数词three（三），此处表示顺序“第三”，需变为序数词third。 27． successfully 【详解】句意：消防员成功救出了着火大楼里的人们。空格处需要修饰谓语动词saved（救出，是save的过去式），修饰动词必须使用副词。括号内提示词success是名词，意为“成功”，它的副词形式为successfully，意为“成功地”，完全符合句子的语法和语义要求。 28． unusual 【详解】句意：当他们闻到不寻常的气味时，他们意识到可能着火了。usual意为“寻常的；通常的”是形容词，根据“they realized that there might be a fire”可知，着火的味道是不寻常的，用unusual作定语，修饰something，意为“不寻常的”。 29．easier 【详解】句意：互联网让我们的生活比以前容易多了。than是比较级标志词，easy的比较级为easier。 30．natural 【详解】句意：云南的自然风光非常美丽。所给词“nature”是名词，此处需要形容词修饰名词“scenery”，其形容词形式为natural，自然的。 31．healthy 【详解】句意：做运动让我们健康又强壮。 固定搭配：make sb. + 形容词，表示 “使某人处于某种状态”。 health是名词，意为 “健康”，其形容词形式为healthy（健康的），和后面的形容词 strong 并列，符合句式要求。 32．death 【详解】句意：这位老人的去世让每个人都很悲伤。空格处位于定冠词The之后，介词of之前，应用名词形式，die是动词，其名词形式是death，意为“死亡”。 33． more successful 【详解】句意：在团队中工作比独自工作能让你更成功。句中than是比较级标志词，make后需接形容词作宾语补足语，故将名词success转换为形容词successful，再结合much修饰比较级的用法，故填more successful。 34．development 【详解】句意：学生能力的迅速发展需要适当的训练。rapid是形容词，通常用来修饰名词。develop“发展”是动词，其名词形式为development。 35．offered 【详解】句意：上周当我遇到困难时，他主动提出在我的学习方面帮助我。offer“提供”，动词原形，根据“last week”及括号内提示可知，句子为一般过去时，动词应用过去式，offer的过去式为offered。 36．clearly 【详解】句意：你需要说话清晰，以便每个人都能听懂。修饰动词speak需要用副词，clear的副词形式为clearly“清晰地”。故填clearly。 37．travelers 【详解】句意：每年，越来越多的旅行者来参观这个美丽的地方。此处需要名词做主语，根据“More and more”可知，需要使用复数形式，结合所给单词，travel的名词形式是traveler，其复数形式是travelers表示“旅行者”，符合语境。 38．amazing 【详解】句意：昨晚我们看了一部令人惊讶的电影——这个故事让所有人又哭又笑。句中“movie”是表示事物的名词，需要用形容词来修饰。amazing用于修饰事物，表示“令人惊讶的、精彩的”，符合语境。 39．performance 【详解】句意：学校的舞蹈表演让每个人都大声欢呼。句中“The school’s dance”后需接名词作句子的主语，括号内所给单词perform是动词，意为“表演”，其对应的名词形式为performance，意为“表演”，故填performance。 40．colourful 【详解】句意：她画了一幅花园里花朵的彩色画作。空格处修饰名词picture，需用形容词形式。colour的形容词为colourful，意为“彩色的”。 41．risked 【详解】句意：他冒着生命危险从大火中救出了那个孩子。句子描述已经发生的救火往事，用一般过去时，risk的过去式为risked。 42．faster 【详解】句意：在我们班没人跑得比他快。根据标志词than，可知空白处应填副词比较级。fast的比较级形式为faster。 43．actor 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的演员在新电影中扮演一个英雄角色。句子缺的是主语部分的名词，括号内给出提示词act为动词“表演”，其名词​actor“演员”符合语境，“plays”提示主语用名词单数。 44．helpful 【详解】句意：老师在我的作业上写下了有用的批注，指出我出错的地方。空处修饰名词notes，需用形容词作定语，help的形容词形式为helpful。 45．exactly 【详解】句意：妈妈微笑着说道：“这正是我想要给你买的那本书！”空格位于“is”和表语之间，修饰的是表语部分，因此需要一个副词来加强语气，表达“正是”的意思，起到强调的作用。​题干给出的exact是形容词，意思是“确切的、精确的”，此处应填写其副词形式exactly“恰恰、正是、准确地”。故填exactly。 46．B 47．A 48．A 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文讲述小松鼠和小鹿寻找最美自然奇观，历经奔波后最终明白身边美景才是真谛的故事，启示我们要珍惜当下拥有。 【详解】46．句意：小松鼠坐在一根树枝上，听到了那些话。 前文提到“Little Squirrel heard Old Bird say...”，此处是对此信息的重复与呼应，指小松鼠坐在树枝上听到了这些话。heard符合语境；wrote“写”、forgot“忘记”、spoke“说”均不符合逻辑。 47．句意：小松鼠朝着森林跳了下去。 根据前文小松鼠的心理活动“it must be a tall pine with lots of pinecones! I’ll go and find it.”以及后文它对小鹿说的话“To the forest to find the most beautiful natural wonder”，可知它是往森林方向跑去。forest符合语境；tree“树（单数不合适）”、cave“山洞”、lake“湖泊”均不符合后文的目的地。 48．句意：他跑得太快了，压根没看见小鹿，直到小鹿走出来问道：“你这么急匆匆的，要去哪儿？” 根据“didn’t see”及下文小鹿走出来，构成not...until结构意为“直到...才...”。because“因为”、although“虽然”、if“如果”均逻辑不通。 49．句意：小松鼠回答道，并且跑得更快了。 小松鼠处于一种非常着急的状态（in such a hurry），且后文提到“Little Squirrel and Little Deer ran far and fast all day long”，说明它们都在快速奔跑，使用比较级faster强调其速度之快。slower“更慢”、more quietly“更安静地”、nearer“更近”均不符合赶时间的语境。 50．句意：因此小鹿加入了他。 前文说到小鹿认为最美奇观是清澈的湖泊，并说“I’ll go and find it”，因此它选择和小松鼠一起结伴同行。joined sb.表示“加入某人/与某人同行”，符合语境；cheered“欢呼”、asked“询问”、visited“拜访”均不符合它们一起结伴寻找的动作。 51．句意：“没有什么比穿过枝叶的暖阳，还有萦绕身旁的清风更美好了。” 根据后文他感到快乐（enjoyed the... happily）和最后一段老鸟的总结“It’s enjoying the beauty around you right now”可知，小兔子认为眼前的阳光和清风就是最好的，没有什么能比得上它。Nothing is better than...意为“没有什么比……更好”，符合语境；Everything“一切”、Something“某事”、Anything“任何事”均不符合这一固定逻辑比较句式。 52．句意：于是他留在树下，快乐地享受着大自然。 小兔子享受的“阳光（warm sunshine）”和“清风（fresh wind ）”都属于大自然的一部分，且契合文章主题“The Wonders of Nature”。nature符合语境；book“书”、food“食物”、game“游戏”均无法概括阳光和空气。 53．句意：当这一天结束时，它们开始回家。 根据前文的“ran far and fast all day long（整天都在远走奔跑）”可知，这里指到了傍晚、一天的寻找结束了。day符合语境；night“夜晚”、week“星期”、month“月份”均不合理。 54．句意：它们现在不着急了，因为它们非常累并且肚子饿了。 奔跑寻找了一整天，小动物们不仅身体疲惫（tired），由于没有吃东西，必然会感到饥饿。hungry符合常理与语境；full“饱的”、happy“快乐的”、excited“激动的”均不能与“非常累”形成并列的劳累状态。 55．句意：它们在回家的半路上遇到了老鸟。 小动物们在回家的路上撞见了最初给它们透露消息的老鸟。met（meet的过去式）意为“遇见/遇到”，符合语境；hurt“受伤”、lost“迷路/丢失”、drove“开车/驾驶”均不符合情节发展。 56．D 57．C 58．B 59．C 60．A 【导语】本文介绍了死海的地理位置、形成原因、高盐度以及人们可以漂浮的特点。 【详解】56．第二段指出：“It is the lowest place on land, about 400 metres below sea level”，说明死海是陆地最低点。 57．第三段指出：“Because it’s so salty, fish and other animals can’t survive there.”，说明本段主要讲为什么鱼类不能在死海中生存。 58．第四段中“float”所在句为：“all that salt in the water makes it much easier for people to float on the surface”，结合前文提到死海盐度高，人们可以在水面上漂浮，因此“float”意为“漂浮”。 59．文章结构为：第一段提出问题，第二至四段解释原因，第五段总结，符合“总—分—总”结构。 60．本文介绍死海的地理特征，属于地理类内容，最可能出自地理教科书。 61．B 62．A 63．E 64．D 65．F 【导语】本文介绍了沙漠的不同类型、气候特征，以及沙漠中动植物和人类的生存方式。 【详解】61．第一段介绍不同类型的沙漠，空后指出“有些沙漠是多山的”，B选项“Some deserts are sandy.”符合分类描述沙漠的逻辑。 62．第二段说明沙漠气候，空前指出沙漠非常干燥，A选项“They have little rainfall.”承接“干燥”的特点。 63．第三段空后提到沙漠会有沙尘暴、暴风雪，E选项“It can be very stormy in deserts too.”总领该段内容，符合语境。 64．第四段开始介绍沙漠中的动植物，D选项“What plants and animals live in hot deserts?”正好引出下文内容。 65．第五段空前指出有些沙漠动物几乎从不喝水，F选项“They get water from seeds and plants.”承接上文，解释这类动物的获水方式，符合逻辑。 66．more beautiful 67．travelers 68．change 69．to enjoy 70．risks 【导语】本文介绍了科罗拉多大峡谷的基本概况、景观特色、面临的问题及保护措施，展现了它作为自然奇观的魅力与重要性。 66．原文第一段指出“The Grand Canyon is the most beautiful canyon in America”，结合题干中“than any other canyon in America”的比较级结构，此处应填表示“更美丽”的词，因此应填more beautiful。 67．原文第一段指出“It catches millions of travelers’ eyes every year”，即它的美每年吸引数百万游客的目光，因此应填travelers。 68．原文第二段指出“The rocks show different colors like red, brown and orange at different times of the day”，即岩石的颜色在一天中不同时间会发生变化，因此应填change。 69．原文第二段指出“Many people come here to walk, take photos and enjoy the power of nature”，即人们来到这里是为了欣赏大自然的力量，因此应填to enjoy。 70．原文第三段指出“Human activities and bad weather may do harm to the rocks and the environment”，即人类活动和恶劣天气给峡谷带来了风险，因此应填risks。 71．saltiest 72．comes 73．natural 74．the 75．to lay 76．because 77．changeable 78．risky 79．into 80．scientists 【导语】本文主要介绍了东非坦桑尼亚的纳特龙湖，其湖水呈红色、含盐量极高、水温很高，对多数生物危险，却是火烈鸟理想的繁殖地。文章还描述了湖水颜色的多变性以及靠近湖泊的危险性。 【详解】71．句意：它的水是红色的，这个湖是世界上最咸的湖泊之一。salt“盐”，此处修饰名词lakes，用形容词形式salty“咸的”，“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，salty的最高级为saltiest“最咸的”。 72．句意：红色来自一种叫做嗜盐菌的喜盐生物。come from“来自”，空处作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为The red colour，动词用第三人称单数形式comes。 73．句意：这是一个自然奇观，但对许多生物也很危险。nature“自然”，修饰名词wonder，用其形容词形式natural“自然的”。 74．句意：但有一种特别的鸟，火烈鸟，喜欢这个湖。此处表示一类事物（火烈鸟这类鸟），前面加定冠词the。 75．句意：每年，成千上万的火烈鸟来到这里产卵并抚养它们的幼鸟。lay“下（蛋），产（卵）”，此处用不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的是产卵和抚养幼鸟”。 76．句意：湖给了它们一个安全的家，因为很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴。“很少有动物能到达它们的巢穴”是“湖给了它们一个安全的家”的原因，用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。 77．句意：这个湖的美是多变的。句子缺表语，下文提到湖水颜色会变红、粉、银或橙色，说明它的美是多变的，用change“变化”的形容词形式changeable“多变的”。 78．句意：在湖边行走是危险的。be动词is后接形容词作表语，risk“危险”的形容词形式是risky“危险的”。 79．句意：盐壳可能会破裂，人们可能会掉入滚烫的咸水中。fall into意为“掉入、落入”。 80．句意：尽管如此，它仍然是一个参观和学习的神奇之地，尤其是对科学家和摄影师来说。and连接并列成分，photographers“摄影师”是复数，science“科学”对应的职业名词scientist“科学家”也用复数scientists。 81．例文： Mount Huangshan Mount Huangshan lies in southern Anhui Province, China. As one of the Five Great Mountains, it’s famous for four wonders—the Guest-Greeting Pine, strange rocks, the Sea of Clouds, and hot springs. Also, there are many rare plants and animals living here. The scenery changes with seasons. The mountain is full of flowers in spring, and it’s cool and rainy in summer. In autumn, the red leaves appear, and the snow dresses it in winter. As a World Cultural and Natural Heritage, millions of travellers climb its peaks to enjoy the treasure every year! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：要包含其位置、景观描述、评价等内容，词数80词左右。 [写作步骤] 第一步：介绍黄山的地理位置及“五岳之一”的身份； 第二步：描述黄山的景观（四绝、珍稀动植物、四季不同风光）； 第三步：说明黄山的世界遗产地位及每年的游客量。 [亮点词汇] ①lie位于 ②famous著名的 ③rare稀有的 ④scenery风景 ⑤Heritage遗产 [高分句型] ①As one of the Five Great Mountains, it's famous for four wonders—the Guest-Greeting Pine, strange rocks, the Sea of Clouds, and hot springs.（用“as”引导的短语点明黄山的地位，“be famous for”清晰引出其特色，句式丰富且信息明确） ②As a World Cultural and Natural Heritage, millions of travellers climb its peaks to enjoy the treasure every year!（用“as”引导的短语说明黄山的遗产身份，“to”引导目的状语体现游客的行为，逻辑连贯且突出黄山的吸引力） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $