2026年高考全国I卷课标拓展词汇 清单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整理了2026高考全国英语I卷课标拓展词汇，覆盖听力、阅读理解、七选五、完形填空、语法填空及读后续写等全题型，包含构词解析、精准释义与真题语境示例三大知识范畴。 清单按题型分类呈现词汇体系，通过词根词缀法（如“applicant=apply+-ant”）、熟词生义标注（如“text”表“文献”）及真题原文关联，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设高频考点标识（如听力“budget”标为高频词）和应用提示（如“launch”在产品发布语境中的使用），帮助学生构建词汇网络，教师可据此实施针对性复习，提升备考效率。

2026高考全国英语I卷 课标拓展词汇 一、听力 1.applicant [构词]apply（申请）+ -ant（表人名词后缀） [释义]n.申请人 [原文]Who is the man? A．A business client.B．A job applicant.C．A new staff member. 2.permanent [构词]perman（长久）+ -ent（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.长期的，固定的 [原文]Why did Lisa originally come to Copenhagen? A．To work on a project.B．To find a permanent job.C．To visit famous museums. 3.budget [构词]原生词 [释义]n.预算 [原文]What is the total budget for the dinner? A．£200.B．£300.C．£600. 4.retirement [构词]retire（退休）+ -ment（名词后缀） [释义]n.退休 [原文]What occasion is the dinner for? A.The retirement of an employee.B.The launch of a new product.C.The opening of a branch office. 5.launch [构词]原生词 [释义]n.（产品）发布，推出 [原文]What occasion is the dinner for? A.The retirement of an employee.B.The launch of a new product.C.The opening of a branch office. 6.confirmation [构词]confirm（确认）+ -ation（名词后缀） [释义]n.确认单，凭证 [原文]What will the woman send to the man? A.A detailed menu.B.A booking confirmation.C.A price list. 7.legal [构词]词根leg（法律）+ -al（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.法律的，与法律相关的 [原文]How does the woman feel about what Jenny has done? A.It might cause legal problems.B.It would benefit the community.C.It could be a profitable business. 8.ancient [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.古代的，古老的 [原文]What does Evans say about ancient Babylonia? A.It is rich in energy resources.B.It is the origin of many foods.C.It's famous for ancient medicine. 9.origin [构词]orig（开端）+ -in（名词后缀） [释义]n.起源，发源地 [原文]What does Evans say about ancient Babylonia? A.It is rich in energy resources.B.It is the origin of many foods.C.It's famous for ancient medicine. 10.text [构词]原生词 [释义]n.文献，典籍（熟词生义） [原文]What were the ancient texts first thought to be? A.Cookery.B.Medicine.C.Education. 11.cookery [构词]cook（烹饪）+ -ery（名词后缀，表技艺） [释义]n.烹饪术，厨艺 [原文]What were the ancient texts first thought to be? A.Cookery.B.Medicine.C.Education. 12.translate [构词]trans-（跨越）+ late（搬运） [释义]v.翻译 [原文]What did Jean Bottero do? A.Translated the texts.B.Proved Mary's idea right.C.Found the texts at Yale. 13.protective [构词]protect（保护）+ -ive（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.防护的，保护用的 [原文]What must the students wear when doing the experiment? A.Loose clothes.B.Protective glasses.C.Waterproof caps. 14.chemical [构词]chemistry（化学）+ -ical（后缀） [释义]n.化学制剂，化学品 [原文]What should the students do if they knock over a chemical container? A.Report to the teacher.B.Clear up the mess.C.Check the instructions. 15.container [构词]contain（容纳）+ -er（表器物名词后缀） [释义]n.容器 [原文]What should the students do if they knock over a chemical container? A.Report to the teacher.B.Clear up the mess.C.Check the instructions. 16.switch [构词]原生词 [释义]v.调换，互换 [原文]Why should the students switch roles? A.To practice more equally.B.To speed up the experiment.C.To avoid making mistakes. 二、阅读理解 A 篇 1.headline-grabbing [构词]headline（头条）+ grabbing（吸引），合成形容词 [释义]adj.引人注目的，吸睛的 [原文]Its calendar is always packed with headline-grabbing events. 2.classy [构词]class（格调）+ -y（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.雅致的，高档的 [原文]When attending an event at SoFi Stadium, you're just a short walk or ride from several comfortable and classy hotels. 3.stylish [构词]style（风格）+ -ish（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.时尚的，别致的 [原文]A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. 4.luxurious [构词]luxury（奢华）+ -ious（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.豪华的，奢华的 [原文]If you're willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities- perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. 5.extensive [构词]extend（延伸）+ -ive（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.品类多的，范围广的 [原文]If you're willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities- perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. 6.assigned [构词]assign（分配）+ -ed（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.指定的，分配好的 [原文]SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 7.indicate [构词]in-（进入）+ dic（言说）+ -ate（动词后缀） [释义]v.标明，指示 [原文]SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 8.color-coded [构词]color（颜色）+ code（编码）+ -ed，合成形容词 [释义]adj.以色区分的，彩色编码的 [原文]SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 9.redirect [构词]re-（重新）+ direct（指引），派生动词 [释义]v.使改道，重新引导 [原文]If you enter through the wrong access point, you'll be turned around and redirected-so plan ahead. 10.venue [构词]原生词 [释义]n.场馆，活动场地 [原文]Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue's network. 三、阅读理解 B 篇 1.dramatically [构词]dramatic（夸张的）+ -ly（副词后缀） [释义]adv.夸张地，大幅度地 [原文]I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed dramatically. 2.entry [构词]enter（进入）+ -y（名词后缀） [释义]n.（词典）词条，条目（熟词生义） [原文]I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 3.ultimately [构词]ultimate（最终的）+ -ly（副词后缀） [释义]adv.归根结底，最终 [原文]And it wasn't, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there-not really. 4.curiosity [构词]curious（好奇的）+ -ity（名词后缀） [释义]n.好奇心 [原文]It's not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 5.appetite [构词]原生词 [释义]n.渴求，欲望（熟词生义，本义：食欲） [原文]It's not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 四、阅读理解 C 篇 1.longstanding [构词]long（长久）+ standing（存续的），合成形容词 [释义]adj.长期的，由来已久的 [原文]In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. 2.initiative [构词]initiate（发起）+ -ive（名词后缀） [释义]n.举措，计划，行动 [原文]In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. 3.airborne [构词]air（空气）+ borne（承载），合成形容词 [释义]adj.悬浮在空气中的，空气传播的 [原文]They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 4.pollutant [构词]pollute（污染）+ -ant（表物名词后缀） [释义]n.污染物 [原文]They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 5.habitat [构词]原生词 [释义]n.（动植物）栖息地 [原文]They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. 6.majority [构词]major（主要的）+ -ity（名词后缀） [释义]n.大多数，大部分 [原文]Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. 7.substance [构词]sub-（在下）+ stance（站立） [释义]n.物质 [原文]Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. 8.harmless [构词]harm（伤害）+ -less（否定后缀） [释义]adj.无害的 [原文]Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone —a major factor in many breathing problems. 9.interact [构词]inter-（相互）+ act（行动） [释义]v.相互作用，发生反应 [原文]Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone —a major factor in many breathing problems. 10.institution [构词]institute（机构）+ -ion（名词后缀） [释义]n.科研机构，学术团体 [原文]The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 11.oblivious [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.未察觉的，浑然不知的 [原文]The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. 12.keystone [构词]key（关键）+ stone（基石），合成名词 [释义]n.关键物种，基石 [原文]Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 五、阅读理解 D 篇 1.cognitive [构词]cognit（认知）+ -ive（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.认知的 [原文]A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. 2.randomly [构词]random（随机的）+ -ly（副词后缀） [释义]adv.随机地 [原文]Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 3.rate [构词]原生词 [释义]v.评价，打分（熟词生义） [原文]Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 4.abstract [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.抽象的 [原文]All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it's in a more practical or abstract way. 5.transformative [构词]transform（转变）+ -ative（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.具有变革性的，带来改变的 [原文]Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of "transformative and self-transcendent feelings"-such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired--than the control group. 6.self-transcendent [构词]self（自我）+ transcend（超越）+ -ent（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.超越自我的 [原文]Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of "transformative and self-transcendent feelings"-such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired--than the control group. 7.enlightened [构词]enlighten（启发）+ -ed（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.受启发的，豁然开朗的 [原文]Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of "transformative and self-transcendent feelings"-such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired--than the control group. 8.positivity [构词]positive（积极的）+ -ity（名词后缀） [释义]n.积极情绪，愉悦感 [原文]Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 9.concrete [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.具体的（熟词生义，本义：混凝土） [原文]"We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen," said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. 10.initiate [构词]in-（进入）+ it（行进）+ -iate（动词后缀） [释义]v.引发，启动 [原文]Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes. 六、七选五 1.algorithm [构词]原生词 [释义]n.算法 [原文]By using machine learning and advanced algorithms, these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 2.personalized [构词]personal（个人的）+ -ize（使…化）+ -ed（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.个性化的 [原文]By using machine learning and advanced algorithms, these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 3.delicate [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.易碎的，精美的 [原文]By using machine learning and advanced algorithms, these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 4.interactive [构词]interact（互动）+ -ive（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.互动式的 [原文]AI transforms a standard museum trip into a personalized and interactive adventure. 5.dynamic [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.生动的，活跃的 [原文]These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations and offer context-sensitive insights that deepen understanding and satisfy curiosity. 6.insight [构词]in-（进入）+ sight（视野） [释义]n.解读，深刻见解 [原文]These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations and offer context-sensitive insights that deepen understanding and satisfy curiosity. 7.decay [构词]原生词 [释义]n.老化，破损，腐朽 [原文]Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay over time, early detection is vital. 8.detection [构词]detect（察觉）+ -ion（名词后缀） [释义]n.检测，察觉 [原文]Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay over time, early detection is vital. 9.crack [构词]原生词 [释义]n.裂缝，裂痕 [原文]AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 10.discoloration [构词]dis-（偏离）+ color（颜色）+ -ation（名词后缀） [释义]n.变色，褪色 [原文]AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 11.preventive [构词]prevent（预防）+ -ive（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.预防性的 [原文]Moreover, by predicting future decay patterns, AI helps museums take preventive measures and improve preservation strategies. 12.adaptability [构词]adapt（适应）+ -ability（名词后缀） [释义]n.适应性 [原文]This adaptability ensures that complex historical concepts become accessible and engaging for young minds. 13.ethical [构词]ethic（伦理）+ -al（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.伦理的，道德的 [原文]Looking ahead, the rapid advancement of AI promises both exciting possibilities and ethical challenges. 14.ethicist [构词]ethic（伦理）+ -ist（表人名词后缀） [释义]n.伦理学家 [原文]Museums are working together with AI ethicists to develop fair algorithms. 15.privacy [构词]private（私人的）+ -acy（名词后缀） [释义]n.隐私 [原文]Visitor data collection also raises privacy issues. 七、完形填空 1.realization [构词]realize（意识到）+ -ation（名词后缀） [释义]n.认知，体会 [原文]The realization of how little people knew about Ohio came quickly after I went to school in central Pennsylvania. 2.novelty [构词]novel（新奇的）+ -ty（名词后缀） [释义]n.新奇的人/事物 [原文]I was a novelty in their eyes. 3.complain [构词]com-（共同）+ plain（倾诉） [释义]v.抱怨，发牢骚 [原文]Sure, my friends and I loved to complain about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere; however, as I finish up my junior year of college, I'm convinced that it took leaving our small town to realize how much we actually love it and what exactly we loved about it. 4.value [构词]原生词 [释义]v.珍视，重视（熟词生义） [原文]The pace of life is slow and people value connecting to each other. 5.extension [构词]extend（延伸）+ -ion（名词后缀） [释义]n.延伸的一部分，一份子 [原文]You do more than just talk to your neighbors-in a lot of cases, they're truly an extension of your family. 6.lifestyle [构词]life（生活）+ style（方式），合成名词 [释义]n.生活方式 [原文]Much of this lifestyle centers around being outside and knowing the ins and outs of the town; being present and mindful of your surroundings is a critical part of the culture. 7.surroundings [构词]surround（环绕）+ -ings（名词后缀，表环境） [释义]n.周遭环境 [原文]Much of this lifestyle centers around being outside and knowing the ins and outs of the town; being present and mindful of your surroundings is a critical part of the culture. 八、语法填空 1.frequency [构词]frequent（adj.频繁的）+ -cy（名词后缀） [释义]n.频率，频次 [原文]The exact dates and frequency of daji vary from region to region. 2.necessities [构词]necessary（必需的）+ -ity（名词后缀），常用复数 [释义]n.生活必需品 [原文]As transportation and communication were underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 3.surplus [构词]sur-‌“超过”、“在……上面”或“外加”+‌plus‌“加”、“更多”或“多余” [释义]adj.多余的；n.剩余物品 [原文]As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus items for what they needed. 4.aroma [构词]原生词 [释义]n.香气，香味 [原文]Drawn by the aroma of street food, they line up in front of stands which are selling dumplings and hot noodle soup. 5.heading [构词]head（前往）+ -ing（动名词） [释义]v.动身，前往 [原文]Before heading home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets. 九、读后续写 1.detour [构词]de-（偏离）+ tour（行进） [释义]v.使绕道行驶 [原文]She assumed that much like in Michigan, police would simply detour traffic around any closed sections of the highway. 2.blinding [构词]blind（使目眩）+ -ing（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.漫天的，令人视线受阻的 [原文]The blinding whiteout made driving nearly impossible. 3.whiteout [构词]white（白色）+ out（彻底），合成名词 [释义]n.暴风雪造成的白茫茫视野 [原文]The blinding whiteout made driving nearly impossible. 4.inch [构词]名词活用为动词 [释义]v.缓慢挪动，慢行 [原文]After a struggle, she managed to free the vehicle and continued inching along the snow-covered road. 5.panic [构词]原生词 [释义]n.恐慌 [原文]As night fell, panic set in. 6.stranded [构词]strand（使滞留）+ -ed（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.被困的，滞留的 [原文]Standing outside were Daniel and his wife Rachel,who noticed the stranded vehicle on their way home and stopped to see if they could help. 7.desperate [构词]原生词 [释义]adj.绝望的，处境危急的 [原文]In the cafe, the couple bought Emily a hot chocolate and listened patiently as she explained her desperate situation: she was about a hundred miles from her destination, her car was completely stuck, and her entire holiday plan could be ruined. 8.accessible [构词]access（进入）+ -ible（形容词后缀） [释义]adj.可通行的，可抵达的 [原文]Bathed in the warm sunshine, the snow had mostly melted and the road became accessible again. 0 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $