Unit 5 Buildings 词汇+音标+词组+例句+词汇巩固练习+翻译2026-2027学年沪教版五四学制九年级上册英语

该初中英语知识清单聚焦沪教版五四学制9年级上册Unit 5 "Buildings"主题，系统梳理核心词汇（含音标、词义、例句、翻译及派生词）和重点词组（含搭配、语境应用）。从基础词汇如construct、sphere到派生词拓展，从固定词组如"be located in"到语境例句应用，构建输入-内化-输出的学习支架。 知识链路按"词汇解析-词组应用-综合练习"逻辑展开，词汇标注音标和派生词夯实语言能力基础，例句融入中外建筑场景（如故宫、悉尼歌剧院）渗透文化意识，练习通过词性转换、语法填空等训练分析推断能力提升思维品质，配套答案便于自主学习，体现"词-句-篇"渐进的学科特色学习方法。

Unit 5 Buildings 词汇+音标+词组+例句+词汇巩固练习+翻译+选词填空 （9年级上册最新沪教版五四学制上海专用） 核心词汇（单词 + 音标 + 词义 + 例句 + 翻译 + 派生词） 1. construct ★ 音标：/kənˈstrʌkt/ ★ 词义：v. 修建；建立 ★ 例句：They plan to construct a new school in our town. ★ 翻译：他们计划在我们镇上修建一所新学校。 ★ 派生词：construction (n. 建造)；constructive (adj. 建设性的) 2. sphere ★ 音标：/sfɪə(r)/ ★ 词义：n. 球；球体；球形 ★ 例句：The Earth is a sphere. ★ 翻译：地球是一个球体。 ★ 派生词：spherical (adj. 球形的) 3. locate ★ 音标：/ləʊˈkeɪt/ ★ 词义：v. 把……安置在（或建造于） ★ 例句：The museum is located in the centre of the city. ★ 翻译：博物馆位于市中心。 ★ 派生词：location (n. 位置)；located (adj. 位于) 4. steel ★ 音标：/stiːl/ ★ 词义：n. 钢；钢铁 ★ 例句：The bridge is made of steel. ★ 翻译：这座桥是用钢铁建造的。 ★ 派生词：steely (adj. 钢铁般的) 5. limit ★ 音标：/ˈlɪmɪt/ ★ 词义：n. 限度；限制；界线 ★ 例句：There is a speed limit of 30 km/h in this area. ★ 翻译：这个区域限速每小时30公里。 ★ 派生词：limited (adj. 有限的)；limitless (adj. 无限的) 6. combine ★ 音标：/kəmˈbaɪn/ ★ 词义：v.（使）结合，组合，联合，混合 ★ 例句：We should combine work with pleasure. ★ 翻译：我们应该劳逸结合。 ★ 派生词：combination (n. 结合；组合) 7. modernist ★ 音标：/ˈmɒdənɪst/ ★ 词义：adj.（尤指艺术）现代主义的 n.（尤指艺术的）现代主义者 ★ 例句：This building is a fine example of modernist architecture. ★ 翻译：这座建筑是现代主义建筑的一个很好例子。 ★ 派生词：modern (adj. 现代的)；modernism (n. 现代主义) 8. feature ★ 音标：/ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ ★ 词义：n. 特色；特征 ★ 例句：The main feature of this park is the large lake. ★ 翻译：这个公园的主要特色是那个大湖。 ★ 派生词：featureless (adj. 无特色的) 9. skylight ★ 音标：/ˈskaɪlaɪt/ ★ 词义：n.（房顶的）天窗 ★ 例句：The skylight lets in a lot of sunshine. ★ 翻译：天窗让大量阳光照进来。 ★ 派生词：无 10. concrete ★ 音标：/ˈkɒŋkriːt/ ★ 词义：n. 混凝土 ★ 例句：The workers are pouring concrete for the new road. ★ 翻译：工人们正在为新路浇筑混凝土。 ★ 派生词：concrete (adj. 具体的) 11. pavilion ★ 音标：/pəˈvɪliən/ ★ 词义：n.（公园中的）亭，阁 ★ 例句：We had a rest in the pavilion in the park. ★ 翻译：我们在公园的亭子里休息了一会儿。 ★ 派生词：无 12. axis ★ 音标：/ˈæksɪs/ ★ 词义：n. 轴（线）；中心线 ★ 例句：The Earth rotates on its axis. ★ 翻译：地球绕地轴自转。 ★ 派生词：axes (pl. 复数) 13. northern ★ 音标：/ˈnɔːðən/ ★ 词义：adj. 北方的；北部的 ★ 例句：The northern part of China is very cold in winter. ★ 翻译：中国北方冬天很冷。 ★ 派生词：north (n. 北方)；northerly (adj. 向北的) 14. inner ★ 音标：/ˈɪnə(r)/ ★ 词义：adj. 内部的 ★ 例句：The inner room is smaller than the outer one. ★ 翻译：里面的房间比外面的小。 ★ 派生词：innermost (adj. 最内部的) 15. court ★ 音标：/kɔːt/ ★ 词义：n. 庭院 ★ 例句：The children are playing in the court. ★ 翻译：孩子们在庭院里玩耍。 ★ 派生词：courtyard (n. 庭院) 16. southern ★ 音标：/ˈsʌðən/ ★ 词义：adj. 南方的；南部的 ★ 例句：They live in the southern part of the country. ★ 翻译：他们住在这个国家的南部。 ★ 派生词：south (n. 南方)；southerly (adj. 向南的) 17. outer ★ 音标：/ˈaʊtə(r)/ ★ 词义：adj. 外面的 ★ 例句：The outer walls of the building are made of stone. ★ 翻译：这座建筑的外墙是用石头砌成的。 ★ 派生词：outermost (adj. 最外部的) 18. supreme ★ 音标：/suːˈpriːm/ ★ 词义：adj.（级别或地位）最高的，至高无上的 ★ 例句：The supreme leader made an important speech. ★ 翻译：最高领导人发表了重要讲话。 ★ 派生词：supremely (adv. 极其)；supremacy (n. 至高无上) 19. emperor ★ 音标：/ˈempərə(r)/ ★ 词义：n. 皇帝 ★ 例句：The emperor built a grand palace. ★ 翻译：这位皇帝建造了一座宏伟的宫殿。 ★ 派生词：empire (n. 帝国)；imperial (adj. 帝国的) 20. pillar ★ 音标：/ˈpɪlə(r)/ ★ 词义：n. 柱子，桥墩（尤指兼作装饰的） ★ 例句：The temple has four large pillars. ★ 翻译：这座寺庙有四根大柱子。 ★ 派生词：无 21. tile ★ 音标：/taɪl/ ★ 词义：n. 瓷砖；瓦片 ★ 例句：The floor is covered with tiles. ★ 翻译：地板上铺着瓷砖。 ★ 派生词：tiler (n. 瓦工) 22. slippery ★ 音标：/ˈslɪpəri/ ★ 词义：adj. 滑的 ★ 例句：Be careful! The floor is very slippery. ★ 翻译：小心！地板很滑。 ★ 派生词：slipperiness (n. 滑) 23. structure ★ 音标：/ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ ★ 词义：n. 结构；构造 ★ 例句：The structure of this building is very strong. ★ 翻译：这座建筑的结构非常坚固。 ★ 派生词：structural (adj. 结构上的) 24. nail ★ 音标：/neɪl/ ★ 词义：n. 钉子 ★ 例句：He used a hammer to drive the nail into the wall. ★ 翻译：他用锤子把钉子钉进墙里。 ★ 派生词：无 25. yet ★ 音标：/jet/ ★ 词义：conj. 但是；然而 adv.（用于否定句和疑问句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事） ★ 例句：He is rich, yet he is not happy. (conj. 但是) ★ 翻译：他很富有，然而他并不快乐。 ★ 例句：I haven't finished my homework yet. (adv. 尚未) ★ 翻译：我还没有完成作业。 ★ 派生词：无 26. upturned ★ 音标：/ˌʌpˈtɜːnd/ ★ 词义：adj. 向上翘的；面朝上的 ★ 例句：The roof has upturned edges like wings. ★ 翻译：屋顶有像翅膀一样向上翘的边缘。 ★ 派生词：upturn (v. 使朝上) 27. dragon ★ 音标：/ˈdræɡən/ ★ 词义：n. 龙 ★ 例句：The dragon is a symbol of China. ★ 翻译：龙是中国的象征。 ★ 派生词：无 28. symbol ★ 音标：/ˈsɪmbl/ ★ 词义：n. 象征；符号 ★ 例句：The dove is a symbol of peace. ★ 翻译：鸽子是和平的象征。 ★ 派生词：symbolic (adj. 象征的)；symbolism (n. 象征主义) 29. pride ★ 音标：/praɪd/ ★ 词义：n. 自豪；骄傲 ★ 例句：She takes great pride in her work. ★ 翻译：她对她的工作感到非常自豪。 ★ 派生词：proud (adj. 自豪的)；proudly (adv. 自豪地) 30. stone ★ 音标：/stəʊn/ ★ 词义：n. 石头；石块；石子 ★ 例句：The path is made of flat stones. ★ 翻译：这条小路是用平整的石头铺成的。 ★ 派生词：stony (adj. 多石的) 31. jade ★ 音标：/dʒeɪd/ ★ 词义：n. 碧玉；翡翠 ★ 例句：The Chinese often use jade to make beautiful jewellery. ★ 翻译：中国人经常用翡翠制作漂亮的珠宝。 ★ 派生词：无 32. carve ★ 音标：/kɑːv/ ★ 词义：v. 雕刻；切开 ★ 例句：He carved a small horse out of wood. ★ 翻译：他用木头雕刻了一匹小马。 ★ 派生词：carving (n. 雕刻)；carver (n. 雕刻师) 33. reflect ★ 音标：/rɪˈflekt/ ★ 词义：v. 反射；反映 ★ 例句：The mirror reflects the light. ★ 翻译：镜子反射光线。 ★ 派生词：reflection (n. 反射；反映)；reflective (adj. 反射的) 34. golden ★ 音标：/ˈɡəʊldən/ ★ 词义：adj. 金色的；黄金般的 ★ 例句：We saw a beautiful golden sunset. ★ 翻译：我们看到了美丽的金色日落。 ★ 派生词：gold (n. 金子；金色) 35. brick ★ 音标：/brɪk/ ★ 词义：n. 砖 ★ 例句：The house is made of red bricks. ★ 翻译：这座房子是用红砖建造的。 ★ 派生词：bricklayer (n. 砌砖工) 36. construction ★ 音标：/kənˈstrʌkʃn/ ★ 词义：n. 建造；建筑物 ★ 例句：The construction of the bridge took two years. ★ 翻译：这座桥的建造花了两年时间。 ★ 派生词：construct (v. 建造)；constructive (adj. 建设性的) 37. craftsmanship ★ 音标：/ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp/ ★ 词义：n. 技巧；技术 ★ 例句：The craftsmanship of this furniture is excellent. ★ 翻译：这件家具的工艺非常出色。 ★ 派生词：craftsman (n. 工匠)；craftswoman (n. 女工匠) 38. collection ★ 音标：/kəˈlekʃn/ ★ 词义：n.（常指同类的）收集物，收藏品 ★ 例句：He has a large collection of stamps. ★ 翻译：他有大量的邮票收藏。 ★ 派生词：collect (v. 收集)；collector (n. 收藏家) 39. guy ★ 音标：/ɡaɪ/ ★ 词义：n. 家伙；伙计们 ★ 例句：That guy over there is my brother. ★ 翻译：那边那个家伙是我哥哥。 ★ 派生词：无 40. suburb ★ 音标：/ˈsʌbɜːb/ ★ 词义：n. 郊区 ★ 例句：Many families live in the suburbs and work in the city. ★ 翻译：许多家庭住在郊区，在城里工作。 ★ 派生词：suburban (adj. 郊区的) 41. environmentally friendly ★ 音标：/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli ˈfrendli/ ★ 词义：adj. 对环境友好的 ★ 例句：We should use environmentally friendly materials. ★ 翻译：我们应该使用对环境友好的材料。 ★ 派生词：environment (n. 环境)；environmental (adj. 环境的) 词组 + 词义 + 例句 + 翻译 1. construct a building 建造一座建筑 例：They will construct a new building next year. 翻译：他们明年将建造一座新建筑。 2. be located in/on/at 位于…… 例：The school is located in the north of the city. 翻译：这所学校位于城市的北部。 3. speed limit 速度限制 例：The speed limit on this road is 60 km/h. 翻译：这条路的限速是每小时60公里。 4. there is a limit to ... ……是有限度的 例：There is a limit to what we can do. 翻译：我们能做的事情是有限度的。 5. combine A with B 把A和B结合起来 例：You should combine study with rest. 翻译：你应该把学习和休息结合起来。 6. modernist architecture 现代主义建筑 例：This museum is a great example of modernist architecture. 翻译：这座博物馆是现代主义建筑的很好例子。 7. main feature 主要特征 例：The main feature of this phone is its big screen. 翻译：这款手机的主要特征是它的大屏幕。 8. concrete floor/wall 混凝土地板/墙 例：The basement has a concrete floor. 翻译：地下室是混凝土地板。 9. on the northern/southern side 在北/南侧 例：There is a garden on the southern side of the house. 翻译：房子的南侧有一个花园。 10. inner beauty 内在美 例：Inner beauty is more important than outer beauty. 翻译：内在美比外在美更重要。 11. outer space 外层空间 例：Scientists are exploring outer space. 翻译：科学家们正在探索外层空间。 12. the Supreme Court 最高法院 例：The Supreme Court made an important decision. 翻译：最高法院做出了一个重要决定。 13. a pillar of ... ……的支柱 例：He is a pillar of the community. 翻译：他是社区的支柱。 14. slippery floor 滑的地板 例：Be careful of the slippery floor. 翻译：小心地板很滑。 15. the structure of ... ……的结构 例：The structure of this sentence is complex. 翻译：这个句子的结构很复杂。 16. not yet 尚未 例：I haven't seen the film yet. 翻译：我还没有看过这部电影。 17. a symbol of ... ……的象征 例：The lion is a symbol of courage. 翻译：狮子是勇气的象征。 18. take pride in 以……为自豪 例：She takes pride in her achievements. 翻译：她以她的成就为自豪。 19. be proud of 以……为自豪 例：We are proud of our school. 翻译：我们为我们的学校感到自豪。 20. carve ... out of ... 用……雕刻…… 例：He carved a bird out of wood. 翻译：他用木头雕刻了一只鸟。 21. reflect on 反思；思考 例：We should reflect on our mistakes. 翻译：我们应该反思我们的错误。 22. golden age 黄金时代 例：This was the golden age of Chinese poetry. 翻译：这是中国诗歌的黄金时代。 23. under construction 在建设中 例：The new library is still under construction. 翻译：新图书馆仍在建设中。 24. a collection of ... 一批……收藏品 例：She has a wonderful collection of coins. 翻译：她有很棒的钱币收藏品。 25. in the suburbs 在郊区 例：They live in the suburbs of Shanghai. 翻译：他们住在上海的郊区。 26. environmentally friendly materials 环保材料 例：We should use environmentally friendly materials to build houses. 翻译：我们应该使用环保材料来建造房屋。 【配套练习】 词性转换 20 题 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The __________ (construct) of this bridge took five years. 2. This building is __________ (locate) in the centre of the city. 3. We should __________ (combination) theory with practice. 4. There is a __________ (limit) number of tickets for the concert. 5. The __________ (north) part of the country is colder in winter. 6. The __________ (inner) room is the study, and the __________ (outer) one is the living room. 7. The __________ (emperor) palace is now a museum. 8. The __________ (structure) design of this building is very creative. 9. The carvings __________ (reflect) the culture of ancient China. 10. He is a __________ (collect) of rare books. 11. The __________ (craft) showed his excellent skills. 12. The environment is important to us, so we should be __________ (environment) friendly. 13. This is a __________ (modernist) building with a very simple design. 14. The __________ (sphere) shape of the ball makes it roll easily. 15. Please __________ (construction) a sentence with this word. 16. The __________ (gold) sunset looked very beautiful. 17. He is a __________ (craft) man who makes furniture by hand. 18. The __________ (reflect) of the mountains in the lake was very clear. 19. We need more __________ (steel) materials for this project. 20. She carved a beautiful flower out of __________ (jade). 语法填空 2 篇 第一篇 The Forbidden City is one of the most famous buildings in China. It is (1) __________ (locate) in the centre of Beijing. The (2) __________ (construct) of this grand palace began in 1406 and took 14 years. The (3) __________ (emperor) lived there with his family for over 500 years. The Forbidden City has a very special (4) __________ (structure). It has an (5) __________ (inner) court and an outer court. The buildings are arranged on a central (6) __________ (axis). The roofs have (7) __________ (upturn) edges, which look like flying birds. The (8) __________ (tile) on the roofs are yellow, which was a (9) __________ (symbol) of the emperor's power. Today, the Forbidden City is a museum that holds a large (10) __________ (collect) of artworks and treasures. Millions of tourists visit it every year. 第二篇 Modern architecture is very different from traditional architecture. Modernist (1) __________ (construct) often use new materials like steel and (2) __________ (concrete). They have simple shapes and clean lines. (3) __________ (feature) such as large windows and skylights are very common. One important idea in modern architecture is to (4) __________ (combination) beauty with function. Architects also try to make buildings (5) __________ (environment) friendly. They use materials that do not harm the environment. Many modern buildings have (6) __________ (green) roofs and walls. The Sydney Opera House is a great example of modern architecture. Its roof looks like (7) __________ (sphere) shells. Another famous building is the China Central Television Headquarters in Beijing. It has a very unusual (8) __________ (structure) shape. Some people prefer traditional architecture because it shows excellent (9) __________ (craftsman). They think modern buildings should (10) __________ (reflection) local culture and history. 中译英 10 题 1. 他们在河边建造了一座新桥。 ______________________________________________________________ 2. 我们学校位于城市的北部。 ______________________________________________________________ 3. 这条路的限速是每小时40公里。 ______________________________________________________________ 4. 我们应该把学习和娱乐结合起来。 ______________________________________________________________ 5. 这座建筑的主要特征是大窗户。 ______________________________________________________________ 6. 小心！地板很滑。 ______________________________________________________________ 7. 龙是中国文化的象征。 ______________________________________________________________ 8. 他为他的工作感到非常自豪。 ______________________________________________________________ 9. 这座房子是用红砖建造的。 ______________________________________________________________ 10. 我们住在上海市的郊区。 ______________________________________________________________ 选词填空 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺。每个词或词组限用一次。 选词填空 1 construct, located, limit, combine, feature, skylight, concrete, northern, structure, symbol My father is an architect. He designs buildings. Last month, he showed me a new project. The building will be (1) __________ in the centre of the city. It will have a very modern (2) __________. The main (3) __________ of this building is a huge glass (4) __________ in the roof. This lets in a lot of natural light. The building will be made of (5) __________ and steel. The architects also want to (6) __________ traditional Chinese style with modern design. The (7) __________ side of the building will have a garden with many trees. My father said that there is no (8) __________ to what good design can achieve. Every building is a (9) __________ of its time. He is very proud when he (10) __________ a new building because it will stand for many years. 选词填空 2 pavilion, inner, southern, outer, supreme, emperor, pillar, tile, slippery, yet Last summer, my family visited a famous temple in the south of China. The temple was built during the Tang Dynasty. The (1) __________ of that time was a great ruler. The temple had many beautiful buildings. We walked through the (2) __________ gate and entered a large courtyard. In the centre, there was a (3) __________ with a lovely golden roof. The (4) __________ walls of the building were made of stone, but the (5) __________ rooms were decorated with wood carvings. The roof was covered with yellow (6) __________ that shone in the sun. The main hall had four large (7) __________ that supported the roof. I touched them and felt the smooth, cool stone. The floor was a little (8) __________ because it had just rained. I had to be careful not to fall. The temple was peaceful and beautiful, (9) __________ it was not very crowded. We visited during the (10) __________ part of China, where the weather was warm and pleasant. 选词填空 3 dragon, symbol, pride, stone, jade, carve, reflect, golden, brick, craftsmanship In China, the (1) __________ is a very important cultural (2) __________. It stands for power and good luck. Chinese people take great (3) __________ in this traditional symbol. I visited a museum last week and saw many (4) __________ carvings. The artists used different materials to (5) __________ dragons. Some were carved from (6) __________, others from (7) __________. A large red (8) __________ dragon was on the wall of the main hall. Its (9) __________ eyes shone in the light. The museum also showed the excellent (10) __________ of ancient Chinese artists. The carvings were very detailed and beautiful. They really reflected the rich history of our country. 选词填空 4 construction, suburb, environmentally friendly, guy, collection, modernism, sphere, limit, locate, combine My uncle is a very interesting (1) __________. He works in the (2) __________ industry. He builds houses that are (3) __________. He says we should (4) __________ beauty with environmental protection. His office is (5) __________ in the (6) __________ of Shanghai. From his window, you can see the (7) __________ shape of the new sports stadium. He has a large (8) __________ of photos of famous buildings from around the world. My uncle believes that there is no (9) __________ to creativity in architecture. He often draws inspiration from (10) __________, a style that focuses on simplicity and function. 选词填空 5 northern, southern, outer, inner, supreme, emperor, pillar, tile, slippery, yet I have been to many cities in China. (1) __________ cities like Beijing are very different from (2) __________ cities like Guangzhou. In Beijing, I visited the Forbidden City. It was the home of the (3) __________ and his family. The (4) __________ walls of the palace are very high, but the (5) __________ gardens are beautiful and peaceful. The floors of some halls are made of glazed (6) __________, which are very smooth. In fact, they are quite (7) __________, so you have to walk carefully. In Guangzhou, I visited a famous temple with large stone (8) __________. The building was very old, (9) __________ it was still in good condition. I could see the excellent craftsmanship of the builders. The (10) __________ ruler in ancient China was called the emperor. He had great power over all the land. 答案 词性转换答案 1. construction 2. located 3. combine 4. limited 5. northern 6. inner, outer 7. emperor's 8. structural 9. reflect 10. collector 11. craftsman 12. environmentally 13. modernist 14. spherical 15. construct 16. golden 17. craftsman 18. reflection 19. steel 20. jade 语法填空第一篇答案 1. located 2. construction 3. emperor 4. structure 5. inner 6. axis 7. upturned 8. tiles 9. symbol 10. collection 语法填空第二篇答案 1. constructions 2. concrete 3. Features 4. combine 5. environmentally 6. green 7. spherical 8. structural 9. craftsmanship 10. reflect 中译英答案 1. They constructed a new bridge by the river. 2. Our school is located in the north of the city. 3. The speed limit on this road is 40 km/h. 4. We should combine study with pleasure. 5. The main feature of this building is the large windows. 6. Be careful! The floor is very slippery. 7. The dragon is a symbol of Chinese culture. 8. He takes great pride in his work. 9. This house is made of red bricks. 10. We live in the suburbs of Shanghai. 选词填空 1 答案 1. located 2. structure 3. feature 4. skylight 5. concrete 6. combine 7. northern 8. limit 9. symbol 10. constructs 选词填空 2 答案 1. emperor 2. outer 3. pavilion 4. outer 5. inner 6. tiles 7. pillars 8. slippery 9. yet 10. southern 选词填空 3 答案 1. dragon 2. symbol 3. pride 4. stone 5. carve 6. stone 7. jade 8. golden 9. golden 10. craftsmanship 选词填空 4 答案 1. guy 2. construction 3. environmentally friendly 4. combine 5. located 6. suburb 7. spherical 8. collection 9. limit 10. modernism 选词填空 5 答案 1. Northern 2. southern 3. emperor 4. outer 5. inner 6. tiles 7. slippery 8. pillars 9. yet 10. supreme 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $