Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇精讲 课件-2027届高三英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“自然灾害”主题核心词汇，依据高考评价体系梳理了disaster、rescue、survive等16个高频考点词汇，通过分析近5年高考真题明确“派生词转换”“动词时态语态”等占比超60%的考查重点，归纳单句语法填空、语境应用等常考题型，体现备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题链接+语境应用+思维训练”的三维备考策略，如结合2026新高考I卷rescue真题实例，解析“rescue sb from”搭配及rescuer派生词转换技巧，培养学生语言能力与逻辑思维品质。特设“真题演练”模块（如The Night of the Earthquake语法填空），帮助学生熟练掌握词汇运用规律，教师可据此精准指导考点突破，提升复习效率。

人教版必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇讲解 Language Points 1 ① disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə/ n. 灾难；灾害 派生词：disastrous adj. 灾难性的 【课文原句】 The earthquake was the worst disaster in years. 这场地震是多年来最严重的灾难。 【高考链接】 People should learn how to protect themselves in a natural disaster. （仿真） 【用法搭配】 a natural disaster 自然灾害 end in disaster 以灾难告终 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① Floods and earthquakes are common natural . (disaster) ① Floods and earthquakes are common natural disasters. (disaster) ② The flood had a effect on the harvest. (disaster) ② The flood had a disastrous effect on the harvest. (disaster) 2 ② flood /flʌd/ n. 洪水 vt. 淹没 派生词：flooding n. 洪水泛滥 【课文原句】 Heavy rain caused a terrible flood in the valley. 暴雨在山谷中引发了可怕的洪水。 【高考链接】 The opposite happened: she was flooded with 1,200 orders in June. （2025·新课标II卷） 【用法搭配】 a flood of 大量的 be flooded with 挤满；充满 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The river rose and the nearby fields. (flood) ① The river rose and flooded the nearby fields. (flood) ② （翻译）消息传出后，她收到了大量的信息。 ② She received a flood of messages after the news. 3 ③ rescue /ˈreskjuː/ vt. & n. 营救；救援 派生词：rescuer n. 救援者 【课文原句】 Firefighters rescued the trapped children from the ruins. 消防员从废墟中救出了被困的孩子。 【高考链接】 Seeing no hope of immediate rescue, Emily decided to spend the night in her car. （2026·新高考I卷） 【用法搭配】 rescue sb from 把某人从…救出 come to sb's rescue 来救某人 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① A brave pulled the man out of the water. (rescue) ① A brave rescuer pulled the man out of the water. (rescue) ② They just before the building fell. (rescue) ② They were rescued just before the building fell. (rescue) 4 ④ damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ vt. & n. 损害；破坏 派生词：damaged adj. 损坏的 damaging adj. 有害的 【课文原句】 The storm caused serious damage to the crops. 暴风雨对农作物造成了严重破坏。 【高考链接】 They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain. （2024·北京卷） 【用法搭配】 do / cause damage to 对…造成损害 be badly damaged 严重受损 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① Many houses were badly by the flood. (damage) ① Many houses were badly damaged by the flood. (damage) ② （翻译）地震对这座古镇造成了巨大的破坏。 ② The earthquake did great damage to the old town. 5 ⑤ destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ vt. 摧毁；破坏 派生词：destruction n. 破坏 destructive adj. 破坏性的 【课文原句】 The flood destroyed hundreds of homes in minutes. 洪水几分钟内摧毁了数百户人家。 【高考链接】 In seconds, the powerful waves destroyed the small town. （仿真） 【用法搭配】 destroy a building 摧毁建筑 be completely destroyed 被彻底摧毁 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The fire almost completely the village. (destroy) ① The fire almost completely destroyed the village. (destroy) ② The storm caused terrible along the coast. (destroy) ② The storm caused terrible destruction along the coast. (destroy) 6 ⑥ shelter /ˈʃeltə/ n. 庇护所 vt. 庇护 派生词：sheltered adj. 受庇护的 【课文原句】 Hundreds of people took shelter in the school hall. 数百人在学校礼堂里避难。 【高考链接】 The big tree sheltered the travellers from the heavy rain. （仿真） 【用法搭配】 take shelter 避难 shelter sb from 保护某人免受 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The villagers under a big rock from the rain. (shelter) ① The villagers sheltered under a big rock from the rain. (shelter) ② （翻译）他们为无家可归者搭建了临时庇护所。 ② They built a temporary shelter for the homeless. 7 ⑦ breathe /briːð/ vi. & vt. 呼吸 派生词：breath n. 呼吸 breathing n. 呼吸 breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 【课文原句】 It was hard to breathe in the thick smoke. 在浓烟中很难呼吸。 【高考链接】 Trapped under the ruins, he could hardly breathe. （仿真） 【用法搭配】 breathe in / out 吸气／呼气 breathe deeply 深呼吸 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① （翻译）她停下来深吸一口气，然后继续前行。 ① She stopped to breathe deeply before going on. ② He was out of after running upstairs. (breathe) ② He was out of breath after running upstairs. (breathe) 8 ⑧ shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；休克 vt. 使震惊 派生词：shocked adj. 震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 【课文原句】 The whole town was in deep shock after the earthquake. 地震过后，整座城镇陷入极度震惊。 【高考链接】 The whole nation was shocked by the sudden disaster. （仿真） 【用法搭配】 in shock 震惊；休克 be shocked at / by 对…震惊 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① Everyone was deeply by the terrible news. (shock) ① Everyone was deeply shocked by the terrible news. (shock) ② It was a sight that no one could forget. (shock) ② It was a shocking sight that no one could forget. (shock) 9 ⑨ crack /kræk/ n. 裂缝 vi. & vt. 破裂 派生词：cracked adj. 破裂的 cracking n. 开裂 【课文原句】 Deep cracks appeared in the ground after the quake. 地震后地面出现了深深的裂缝。 【高考链接】 AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks. （2026·新高考I卷） 【用法搭配】 a crack in 在…的裂缝 crack open 裂开 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The earthquake left huge in the road. (crack) ① The earthquake left huge cracks in the road. (crack) ② The old wall under the great pressure. (crack) ② The old wall cracked under the great pressure. (crack) 10 ⑩ bury /ˈberi/ vt. 掩埋；埋葬 派生词：burial n. 埋葬 【课文原句】 Whole streets were buried under mud and stones. 整条街道被泥石掩埋。 【高考链接】 After the landslide, several cars were buried in the mud. （仿真） 【用法搭配】 be buried under / in 被埋在…下 bury one's face 把脸埋住 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The village deep under the snow. (bury) ① The village was buried deep under the snow. (bury) ② She sat there, her face in her hands. (bury) ② She sat there, burying her face in her hands. (bury) 11 ⑪ effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力；尝试 派生词：effortless adj. 不费力的 effortlessly adv. 毫不费力地 【课文原句】 The rescue workers made great efforts to save lives. 救援人员竭尽全力抢救生命。 【高考链接】 It bore witness to her efforts. （2026·新高考I卷） 【用法搭配】 make an effort 做出努力 spare no effort 不遗余力 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① （翻译）他竭尽全力按时完成了任务。 ① He made every effort to finish the task on time. ② Their to rebuild the town finally paid off. (effort) ② Their efforts to rebuild the town finally paid off. (effort) 12 ⑫ trap /træp/ vt. 使困住 n. 陷阱 派生词：trapped adj. 被困的 【课文原句】 Several workers were trapped under the fallen wall. 几名工人被压在倒塌的墙下。 【高考链接】 We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. （2024·北京卷） 【用法搭配】 be trapped in / under 被困在… fall into a trap 落入陷阱 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① Many people in the lift during the quake. (trap) ① Many people were trapped in the lift during the quake. (trap) ② We need wisdom to make of our own. (trap) ② We need wisdom to make traps of our own. (trap) 13 ⑬ suffer /ˈsʌfə/ vi. & vt. 遭受；受苦 派生词：suffering n. 痛苦 sufferer n. 受苦者 【课文原句】 Many families suffered greatly after the flood. 洪水过后许多家庭饱受苦难。 【高考链接】 This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. （北京卷） 【用法搭配】 suffer from 患（病）；受…之苦 suffer losses 遭受损失 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The village heavy losses in the storm. (suffer) ① The village suffered heavy losses in the storm. (suffer) ② Thousands were left from hunger and cold. (suffer) ② Thousands were left suffering from hunger and cold. (suffer) 14 ⑭ survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. & vt. 幸存；幸免于 派生词：survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 【课文原句】 Only a few people survived the terrible earthquake. 只有少数人在那场可怕的地震中幸存。 【高考链接】 They can survive on a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables. （北京卷） 【用法搭配】 survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存 survive on 靠…存活 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① Against all odds, the old man the flood. (survive) ① Against all odds, the old man survived the flood. (survive) ② Clean water is the key to after a disaster. (survive) ② Clean water is the key to survival after a disaster. (survive) 15 ⑮ effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；效果 派生词：effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地 ineffective adj. 无效的 【课文原句】 The disaster had a terrible effect on the village. 这场灾难对村庄造成了可怕的影响。 【高考链接】 Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. （2025·新课标I卷） 【用法搭配】 have an effect on 对…有影响 come into effect 生效 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① （翻译）这种药对病人立即产生了效果。 ① The medicine had an immediate effect on the patient. ② Exercise is an way to stay healthy. (effect) ② Exercise is an effective way to stay healthy. (effect) 16 ⑯ strike /straɪk/ vt. & vi. 袭击；打击 n. 罢工 派生词：striking adj. 显著的 stricken adj. 受灾的 【课文原句】 When the earthquake struck, people ran out of their homes. 地震来袭时，人们纷纷跑出家门。 【高考链接】 Few things strike fear into a child. （2026·新高考II卷） 【用法搭配】 strike sb 打击某人 be struck by 被…击中／打动 【语境应用】单句语法填空 ① The storm the village late at night. (strike) ① The storm struck the village late at night. (strike) ② It was a change after the disaster. (strike) ② It was a striking change after the disaster. (strike) 17 【真题演练】 The Night of the Earthquake   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency.   One quiet evening, a strong earthquake suddenly struck (strike) our small town. In just a few seconds, many old houses were destroyed (destroy), and the streets were full of frightened people. Hearing the noise, families rushed out of their homes to escape (escape) the danger. Luckily, the rescue teams arrived quickly (quick) and worked through the night. They saved many survivors (survivor) from the broken buildings. Although the disaster caused great damage, it also brought people closer together. Neighbours kindly shared food and water with one another. Soon the whole town began to rebuild with the help of the government. This terrible experience taught us to stay (stay) calm in an emergency. 18 $