内容正文:
专题六:一般过去时复习与巩固
01 课前导学
关键词
内容
学习目标
1. 能正确使用一般过去时表达过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 能正确写出规则动词和不规则动词的过去式。
3. 能正确使用一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。
4. 能正确使用一般过去时的时间状语。
学习重点
1. 规则动词过去式的变化规则。
2. 常见不规则动词的过去式。
3. 一般过去时的否定句和疑问句结构。
4. 一般过去时的时间状语。
学习难点
1. 不规则动词过去式的记忆。
2. 否定句和疑问句中动词还原为原形。
3. 一般过去时与一般现在时的区分。
02 核心词汇预览
单词
音标
词性
中文
visited
/ˈvɪzɪtɪd/
v.
参观(过去式)
went
/went/
v.
去(过去式)
had
/hæd/
v.
有(过去式)
did
/dɪd/
v.
做(过去式)
saw
/sɔː/
v.
看见(过去式)
bought
/bɔːt/
v.
买(过去式)
took
/tʊk/
v.
拿、花费(过去式)
ate
/eɪt/
v.
吃(过去式)
drank
/dræŋk/
v.
喝(过去式)
wrote
/rəʊt/
v.
写(过去式)
read
/red/
v.
读(过去式)
made
/meɪd/
v.
制作(过去式)
03 核心短语预览
短语
中文
yesterday
昨天
last week / month / year
上周/上个月/去年
...ago
……之前
in 2010
在2010年
just now
刚才
the day before yesterday
前天
go on vacation
去度假
stay at home
待在家里
visit museums
参观博物馆
take photos
拍照
buy gifts
买礼物
04 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:一般过去时的定义与用法
【定义】一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。它强调动作发生在过去,与现在无关。
【适用场景/用法分类】
用法
说明
例句
过去发生的动作
一次性或反复发生的动作
I visited the museum yesterday.
过去存在的状态
过去的身份、特征、位置等
She was a teacher.
过去的习惯
过去常做但现在已经不做了
He often went to the library.
【结构公式】
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
【要点详解】
be动词的过去式:was / were
实义动词的过去式:规则变化(-ed)或不规则变化
一般过去时与现在无关,只描述过去的情况
⚠️ 过去发生的动作或状态,现在可能已经改变
【例句】
✅ I visited the museum yesterday.
✅ She was a teacher in 2010.
✅ He often went to the library when he was young.
❌ I visit the museum yesterday.(时间状语是过去,用 visited)
【练习1】I ______ the museum yesterday.
A. visit B. visits C. visited D. visiting
【答案】 C
【详解】 句意:我昨天参观了博物馆。本空考查一般过去时的用法。yesterday 是过去时间标志词,动词用过去式 visited。故选 C。
【练习2】She ______ (be) a teacher in 2010.
【答案】 was
【详解】 句意:她在2010年是一名老师。本空考查be 动词的一般过去时。主语 She 是第三人称单数,be 动词过去式为 was。故填 was。
考点2:规则动词过去式的变化规则
【定义】规则动词的过去式在词尾加 -ed,但有几种变化规则需要注意。
【适用场景/用法分类】
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加 -ed
play → played, visit → visited
以不发音 e 结尾
加 -d
like → liked, live → lived
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i 加 -ed
study → studied, carry → carried
重读闭音节(末尾一个辅音字母)
双写该字母加 -ed
stop → stopped, plan → planned
【结构公式】
一般动词 + -ed
以 e 结尾的动词 + -d
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词:变 y 为 i + -ed
重读闭音节:双写尾字母 + -ed
【要点详解】
-ed 的读音有三种:/t/、/d/、/ɪd/
以清辅音结尾的动词,-ed 读 /t/(如 worked)
以浊辅音或元音结尾的动词,-ed 读 /d/(如 played)
以 t 或 d 结尾的动词,-ed 读 /ɪd/(如 wanted)
⚠️ 注意双写规则(stop→stopped,不是 stoped)
【例句】
✅ I played basketball yesterday.
✅ She studied hard last year.
✅ They stopped at the station.
❌ I studyed English last night.(应为 studied)
【练习1】She ______ (study) hard last year.
A. studyed B. studied C. studed D. study
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:她去年学习很努力。本空考查规则动词过去式。study 以“辅音 + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ed,为 studied。故选 B。
【练习2】They ______ (stop) at the station.
【答案】 stopped
【详解】 句意:他们在车站停了下来。本空考查重读闭音节的动词过去式。stop 是重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写 p 加 -ed。故填 stopped。
考点3:不规则动词过去式
【定义】不规则动词的过去式不遵循 -ed 规则,需要单独记忆。
【适用场景/用法分类】
原形
过去式
中文
is / am
was
是
are
were
是
go
went
去
have / has
had
有
do / does
did
做
see
saw
看见
buy
bought
买
take
took
拿、花费
eat
ate
吃
drink
drank
喝
write
wrote
写
read
read
读
make
made
制作
come
came
来
give
gave
给
know
knew
知道
tell
told
告诉
feel
felt
感觉
meet
met
遇见
speak
spoke
说
swim
swam
游泳
sing
sang
唱歌
口诀:
过去时,不规则,
特殊记忆不能错。
go→went, have→had,
see→saw, buy→bought,
take→took, eat→ate,
drink→drank, write→wrote.
【要点详解】
不规则动词的过去式需要逐个记忆
有些动词原形和过去式相同(如 read→read,读音不同)
⚠️ 不要给不规则动词加 -ed(如 go→goed ❌)
【例句】
✅ I went to the park yesterday.
✅ She saw a movie last night.
✅ He bought a new book.
❌ I goed to the park yesterday.(应为 went)
【练习1】
I ______ to the park yesterday.
A. go B. went C. goed D. gone
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:我昨天去了公园。本空考查不规则动词过去式。go 的过去式是 went。故选 B。
【练习2】
She ______ (buy) a new book last week.
【答案】 bought
【详解】 句意:她上周买了一本新书。本空考查不规则动词过去式。buy 的过去式是 bought。故填 bought。
考点4:一般过去时的否定句
【定义】一般过去时的否定句表示“过去没有做某事”,借助助动词 didn’t + 动词原形,或 be 动词的否定形式。
【适用场景/用法分类】
情况
结构
例句
实义动词
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形
I didn’t go to school.
be 动词
主语 + wasn’t / weren’t
She wasn’t happy.
【结构公式】
实义动词:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他.
be 动词:主语 + wasn’t / weren’t + 其他.
【要点详解】
实义动词的否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形
be 动词的否定句直接用 wasn’t / weren’t
⚠️ 用了 didn’t 后,动词必须还原为原形
【例句】
✅ I didn’t go to school yesterday.
✅ She didn’t visit the museum.
✅ He wasn’t at home last night.
❌ I didn’t went to school.(用了 didn’t,动词应还原为 go)
【练习1】I ______ to school yesterday.
A. didn’t go B. didn’t went C. don’t go D. don’t went
【答案】 A
【详解】 句意:我昨天没有去上学。本空考查一般过去时的否定句。用了 didn’t 后,动词用原形 go。故选 A。
【练习2】She ______ (not be) happy.
【答案】 wasn’t
【详解】 句意:她不开心。本空考查be 动词的过去时否定句。主语 She 用 wasn’t。故填 wasn’t。
考点5:一般过去时的一般疑问句
【定义】
一般过去时的一般疑问句用于询问“过去是否做了某事”,借助助动词 Did。
【适用场景/用法分类】
情况
结构
例句
实义动词
Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Did you go to school?
be 动词
Was/Were + 主语 + 其他?
Was she happy?
【结构公式】
实义动词:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语 + did.
否定回答:No,主语 + didn’t.
【要点详解】
实义动词的疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形
be 动词的疑问句直接把 Was/Were 提到主语前
⚠️ 用了 Did 后,动词必须还原为原形
【例句】
✅ — Did you go to school yesterday? — Yes, I did.
✅ — Did she visit the museum? — No, she didn’t.
✅ — Was she happy? — Yes, she was.
❌ — Did you went to school?(用了 Did,动词应还原为 go)
【练习1】— ______ you go to school yesterday?
— Yes, I ______.
A. Did; did B. Do; do C. Did; do D. Do; did
【答案】 A
【详解】 句意:——你昨天去上学了吗?——是的,我去了。本空考查一般过去时的一般疑问句。问句用 Did,肯定回答用 did。故选 A。
【练习2】— ______ she happy?
— Yes, she ______.
【答案】 Was; was
【详解】 句意:——她开心吗?——是的,她很开心。本空考查be 动词的过去时疑问句。主语 She 用 Was,肯定回答用 she was。故填 Was; was。
考点6:一般过去时的时间状语
【定义】一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用,这些时间状语是判断时态的关键标志。
【适用场景/用法分类】
时间状语
中文
例句
yesterday
昨天
I went to the park yesterday.
yesterday morning/evening
昨天早上/晚上
I got up late yesterday morning.
last week / month / year
上周/上个月/去年
I visited my grandparents last week.
...ago
……之前
I met her two years ago.
in + 过去年份
在……年
I was born in 2010.
just now
刚才
He called me just now.
the day before yesterday
前天
I saw him the day before yesterday.
【要点详解】
看到这些时间状语,句子要用一般过去时
last + 时间(last night, last Sunday)
ago 前面加时间段(two days ago, a week ago)
in + 过去的年份(in 2010, in 2008)
⚠️ 这些时间状语不能用于一般现在时
【例句】
✅ I went to the park yesterday.
✅ She visited her grandparents last week.
✅ I met her two years ago.
✅ He was born in 2010.
【练习1】I ______ her two years ago.
A. meet B. met C. am meeting D. will meet
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:我两年前遇见了她。本空考查一般过去时的时间状语。two years ago 是过去时间,动词用过去式 met。故选 B。
【练习2】He ______ (call) me just now.
【答案】 called
【详解】 句意:他刚才给我打了电话。本空考查一般过去时的时间状语。just now 是过去时间,动词用过去式 called。故填 called。
05 重点归纳
一、规则动词过去式变化规则表
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
+ -ed
play→played, visit→visited
以 e 结尾
+ -d
like→liked, live→lived
辅音 + y
变 y 为 i + -ed
study→studied, carry→carried
重读闭音节
双写尾字母 + -ed
stop→stopped, plan→planned
二、常见不规则动词表
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
is / am
was
go
went
are
were
have / has
had
do / does
did
see
saw
buy
bought
take
took
eat
ate
drink
drank
write
wrote
read
read
make
made
come
came
give
gave
know
knew
三、一般过去时结构表
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式
I went to school.
否定句(实义动词)
主语 + didn’t + 动词原形
I didn’t go to school.
疑问句(实义动词)
Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Did you go to school?
否定句(be动词)
主语 + wasn’t / weren’t
She wasn’t happy.
疑问句(be动词)
Was/Were + 主语?
Was she happy?
四、一般过去时与一般现在时的区别
对比项
一般过去时
一般现在时
时间
过去
现在/经常
动词形式
过去式
原形/三单
时间状语
yesterday, last week, ago
every day, always, often
状态
已结束
仍在继续
06 过关检测
一、单项选择(共15题)
1. I ______ the museum yesterday.
A. visit B. visits C. visited D. visiting
2. She ______ hard last year.
A. studyed B. studied C. studed D. study
3. I ______ to the park yesterday.
A. go B. went C. goed D. gone
4. I ______ to school yesterday.
A. didn’t go B. didn’t went C. don’t go D. don’t went
5. — ______ you go to school yesterday?
— Yes, I ______.
A. Did; did B. Do; do C. Did; do D. Do; did
6. I ______ her two years ago.
A. meet B. met C. am meeting D. will meet
7. She ______ a new book last week.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. buying
8. She ______ not happy.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
9. They ______ at the station.
A. stop B. stops C. stopped D. stopping
10. ______ she happy?
— Yes, she ______.
A. Was; was B. Were; were C. Is; is D. Was; is
11. I ______ see a movie last night.
A. don’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. not
12. He ______ me just now.
A. call B. calls C. called D. calling
13. They ______ to the museum last week.
A. go B. went C. goed D. gone
14. She ______ born in 2010.
A. is B. was C. were D. am
15. I ______ her last month.
A. meet B. met C. am meeting D. will meet
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(共10题)
1. I ______ (visit) the museum yesterday.
2. She ______ (study) hard last year.
3. I ______ (go) to the park yesterday.
4. She ______ (buy) a new book last week.
5. They ______ (stop) at the station.
6. He ______ (call) me just now.
7. She ______ (be) a teacher in 2010.
8. I ______ (not) go to school yesterday.
9. ______ you ______ (go) to school yesterday?
10. ______ (be) she happy?
三、完成句子(共6题)
1. 我昨天参观了博物馆。
I ______ the museum ______.
2. 她去年学习很努力。
She ______ hard ______ year.
3. 我昨天没有去上学。
I ______ ______ to school yesterday.
4. 你昨天去上学了吗?
______ you ______ to school yesterday?
5. 我两年前遇见了她。
I ______ her two years ______.
6. 她上周买了一本新书。
She ______ a new book ______ week.
四、短文填空(共10空)
用所给动词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。
Last summer, I ______ (go) on vacation with my family. We ______ (visit) Beijing. We ______ (see) the Great Wall. We ______ (take) many photos. We ______ (eat) Beijing duck. It ______ (be) delicious. We also ______ (buy) some gifts for our friends. We ______ (stay) there for a week. We ______ (have) a wonderful time. I ______ (not want) to come back home.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C【详解】yesterday 是过去时间,动词用过去式 visited。故选 C。
2. B【详解】study 以“辅音 + y”结尾,变 y 为 i 加 -ed 为 studied。故选 B。
3. B【详解】go 的过去式是 went。故选 B。
4. A【详解】否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形 go。故选 A。
5. A【详解】疑问句用 Did,肯定回答用 did。故选 A。
6. B【详解】two years ago 是过去时间,met 是 meet 的过去式。故选 B。
7. C【详解】last week 是过去时间,buy 的过去式是 bought。故选 C。
8. B【详解】主语 She 用 was。故选 B。
9. C【详解】stop 是重读闭音节,双写 p 加 -ed 为 stopped。故选 C。
10. A【详解】主语 She 用 Was,肯定回答用 she was。故选 A。
11. B【详解】否定句用 didn’t。故选 B。
12. C【详解】just now 是过去时间,call 的过去式是 called。故选 C。
13. B【详解】last week 是过去时间,go 的过去式是 went。故选 B。
14. B【详解】in 2010 是过去时间,主语 She 用 was。故选 B。
15. B【详解】last month 是过去时间,met 是 meet 的过去式。故选 B。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. visited(yesterday 用过去式)
2. studied(last year 用过去式,辅音+y 变 i 加 -ed)
3. went(yesterday 用过去式,go→went)
4. bought(last week 用过去式,buy→bought)
5. stopped(重读闭音节,双写 p 加 -ed)
6. called(just now 用过去式,call→called)
7. was(in 2010 用过去式,She 用 was)
8. didn’t(否定句用 didn’t)
9. Did; go(疑问句用 Did + 动词原形)
10. Was(疑问句用 Was + 主语)
三、完成句子
1. visited; yesterday(过去时间用过去式)
2. studied; last(last year 过去时间)
3. didn’t go(否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形)
4. Did; go(疑问句用 Did + 动词原形)
5. met; ago(ago 表示“……之前”)
6. bought; last(last week 过去时间)
四、短文填空
1. went(go 的过去式)
2. visited(visit 的过去式)
3. saw(see 的过去式)
4. took(take 的过去式)
5. ate(eat 的过去式)
6. was(be 的过去式,单数)
7. bought(buy 的过去式)
8. stayed(stay 的过去式)
9. had(have 的过去式)
10. didn’t want(否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形)
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