上海市格致中学2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试高二英语试卷

格致中学 二O二五学年度第二学期期末考试 高二年级英语试卷（共12页） (测试105分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题卷) 友情提示：菲天，你晚然任历了艰苦的学习，伞天，你必将直得可喜的救教/ 视你：线实守信，院看哈静，彻数臂实，自信自强，去迎接胜利/ I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Electric Vehicles:Can'Lightweighting'Combat Range Anxiety? It seems like a simple enough choice.The widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs)could contribute to the efforts to stop global warming.But many motorists are still choosing(1)(not switch)to this low-carbon technology.While EV uptake has been rapid,it's been slower than some carmakers expected. There are many reasons why people are not moving to EVs as quickly as expected..This includes price,.charging infrastructure(基础设施)and concerns about(2) they can travel,so-called"range anxiety."Drivers want to be able to charge and go in the same time (3)takes to fill a tank with petrol,and they want the same mileage per charge of the battery.But with today's lithium-ion batteries(锂离子电池)，EVs can only go so far.. Now,there are signs that some auto companies are looking for innovative ways to overcome these obstacles to adoption.Their solution?Make cars lighter. "Every gram of weight reduction improves range,"says Andrew Polak,U.S. chief technology officer of Panasonic Automotive.The company says it has developed components that weigh between 30 to 60 percent less (4) affecting performance.These,including the speakers and audio system used in cars, can draw 60 percent less power from the car. In 2023,Panasonic released five-centimeter-thick speakers,(5)ability to produce sound is typically matched by speakers in the door that are three times as thick,and that fit into a car's dashboard.The technology removed significant weight in the doors.Now,Poliak says,Panasonic is doubling down on that concept to further lighten the weight inside vehicles 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第1页共12页 Another major carmaker,Honda,is looking at a different key component in EVs -the battery itself-as part of its effort to reduce weight.It(6)(make)a large number of investments in developing solid-state batteries.The batteries are smaller and lighter than the conventional lithium-ion batteries currently used in most EVs on the road.The battery technology also has the ability to charge faster and is (7) (likely)to be'damaged by overheating resulting from fast-charging This brings added benefits,says Honda spokesperson Chris Martin.Not having to worry about the battery overheating means it(8)not need the same safety features around it.This would serve to further lighten the car. Lighter-weight components could help to bring the costs of EVs down,too."I think it's certain that (9)the technology advances,the costs for an EV will go down,"says Poliak.The question that remains,however,is (10) people will think much lighter electric cars really can go the distance. Section B Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.cause B.regulated C.complex D.exposing E.deliberately F.recorded G.locating H.particularly I.distinguishing J.efficiency K.caution Noise Pollution Rules Should Be Tightened Road traffic,aircraft,ships,factories and oil drilling are all human activities that produce noise.The noise should be better11to protect wildlife,say the authors of a study 12how sound pollution affects creatures from fish to birds. Studies have found noise pollution to be linked to poorer human health.But experts say it can also affect wildlife,from preventing their communication to affecting the13 with which they search for food."For example,if bats 14 their prey through sound clues can't hear clearly,"said Dr Hansjoerg Kunc,the co-author of the research,"they have to fly longer and invest more time and energy to find food." The studies were based on experiments in which15aspects of the animals' behaviour or other measures,such as changes in hormone levels,were16before and after exposure to noise.The results reveal that human-produced noise affects a wide range of species."Thus,the response to noise can be explained by most species responding to noise rather than a few species being17 sensitive to noise,"the authors wrote. The team continued to18that their research did not examine whether the effects were beneficial or harmful to species.That was because such considerations 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第2页共12页 were 19.For example,noise that affects hunting could benefit prey while creating difficulties for predators. "Even if some animals benefitted,it did not mean noise should not be dealt with, since the majority would still experience negative effects",said Kunc,But there was 20for optimism."Unlike chemical pollution,if a noise source moves away,then nothing stays in the environment anymore,"he said. II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Thieving Monkeys-Name Your Price Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal. If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali,be careful.The long-tailed macaques ( there are well-known thieves.They make a living by (21)visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever.But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still.Sometimes,they do not accept the first(22) and hold out for more.He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to(23) how valuable an object is to its owner,and factor that into their negotiations. Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras,recording the activities of the monkeys.Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a(24) tourist,they recorded the interaction.Not all attempts at robbery were successful.But of those that were,they analysed the(25)of almost 2,200. To work out what was going on,they had first to establish the(26). values of food rewards to monkeys,and of stealable objects to people.The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for use in negotiations(27) tourists who want to get their property back:raw eggs,biscuits and small bags of fruit.Different monkeys have different(28) but professor Leca established these for(29) animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment. To confirm which stealable objects are most(30)by people,they divided them into six classes:empty containers,such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings;hats and headgear;shoes;spectacles and sunglasses;and electronics and wallets.They then observed,from the video recordings,how often victims(31) to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第3页共12页 different classes,and(32) classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list),medium value(the second two)and high value(the third two) They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they are doing-(33) adults and sub-adults do.These animals have a preference for stealing high- value items,and will often hold out either for more rewards,or for better ones,if they are in possession of such items.But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.Young ones make no such(34) and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults In monkeys,as in people,guile()is not a trick that is inborn.It has to be(35) 21.A.warning B.robbing C.reminding D.clearing 22.A.deposit B.dish C.offer D.prey 23.A.assign B.assist C.assure D.assess 24.A.particular B.principal C.peculiar D.progressive 25.A.impacts B.details C.attacks D.motions 26.A.precise B.scientific C.optional D.relative 27.A.in spite of B.in honor of C.with regard to D.on behalf of 28.A.preferences B.potentials C.performances D.predictions 29.A.individual B.independent C.collective D.cooperative 30.A.identified B.valued C.exchanged D.rewarded 31.A.refused B.managed C.bothered D.happened 32.A.instead B.otherwise C.thus D.meanwhile 33.A.in practice B.at least C.in all D.at length 34.A.rewards B.distinctions C.distributions D.demands 35.A.acquired B.reversed C.managed D.informed Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I had a teacher who used to wake up in class by shouting:"The early bird gets the worm!"I say "let him have the worm".I hate food that doesn't stay still,and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason.Anyway,I stopped eating worms at the age of three,switching to regular breakfasts of cereal()to which I would add extra sugar. 二0二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第4页共12页 Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia,"My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn't like to be top of the class.What shall I do?"Give him a round of"applause" for being smartl Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better. Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11,I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last.The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted;the second-to-last contestant is invisible.And it's an easy position to get- just deliberately underperform at every test.I could do that.I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races.No one suspected anything.I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed. At the London Olympics,badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds.It was funny to watch,but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship.What they really needed were acting lessons,their moves were so unconvincing."Oops,I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.” The other day,I took the children out and they raced for the car."I'm first,"said one.The second said:"First is worst,second is best."Together they sang at the last one: “And third's the one with a hairy chest..” It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches."I lost,"the delighted loser will say.The judges could still declare them winners,pointing to a new,optional regulation:"First is worst,second is best,third's the one with a hairy chest." 36.Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant? A.Its food was served raw. B.Its food contained worms. C.He was tempted by cereal. D.He was affected by the saying. 37.How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class? A.He highlighted the top three students. B.He came to second in sports races. C.He hid himself in a bank skillfully. D.He intentionally underperformed. 38.What can be learned from the passage? A.The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players. B.Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs. C.Children's song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes. D.players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第5页共12页 39.Which saying might the author possibly support? A.Great minds think alike. B.God favors those who are prepared. C.Honesty is the best policy. D.A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. (B) Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food,and they try to find the most nectar()in the least amount of time possible.A small number of bees work as searchers,but when a good flower patch()is found,how do they tell other bees where to find it? Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive,where bees live.One bee dances while the other bees watch.The dancing bee smells like the flower patch,and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered.Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch.Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information:the waggle (dance and the circle dance. Waggle dance The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location:the distance and the direction away from the hive. A.Distance The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she Waggle Run moves forward in a straight line,then circles around to repeat the dance.The length of the middle line, called the waggle run,shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch. B.Direction Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive,and they use this to show direction.How?Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up.Outside the hive,bees look at the position of the sun,and fly at the same angle away from the sun. Up Sun 90° 90° Inside the hive Outside the hive 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第6页共12页 Circle dance The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch's location:that it is somewhere close to the hive. In this dance,the bee walks in a circle,turns around,then walks the same circle in the opposite direction.Sometimes,the bee includes a little waggle as she's turning around.The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch. 40.Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar? A.To inform them of the distance of the flower. B.To celebrate her success of finding the nectar. C.To motivate them to collect the nectar. D.To ensure the bees find the right patch. 41.Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances? A.The searcher's waggle means little during the circle dance. B.The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch. C.The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is. D.The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance. 42.If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way (see the right picture),which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees? UP A ◇ AAA- inside the hive (C) The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has delivered a significant academic impact after ground-breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children's literacy and emotional development.But only if you act him out.A study found that a"rehearsal room"approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children's 二0二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第7页共12页 vocabulary and writing complexity as well as their emotional literacy. "The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,"Jacqui O'Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)said."Allowing children to use their whole bodies to bring the text to life and to make choices about character motivation had long been thought to improve literacy but now the research supported it",she added.The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils at 45 state primary schools with no prior exposure to RSC pedagogy ()They were split into target and control groups and asked to write,for example,a message in a bottle as Ferdinand after the shipwreck in The Tempest(《暴风雨》).The target group was given a30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils tapped into a wider vocabulary,used words classed as more complicated or rarer,and wrote at greater length.They also appear to be more comfortable writing in role.While control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked,target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character's emotion. Another study also found that while control pupils relied on"desert island cliches )such as palm trees,target pupils were more expressive giving a broader picture of the sky,the sea and the atmospheric conditions. O'Hanlon expressed surprise at the emotional literacy in the target children's writing,noting they were more adaptable and hopeful.She stressed that it was probably related to the rehearsal room process where you were used to trying to imagine your way through.She also said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare's use of 20,000 words,compared with the everyday 2,000 words, significantly enriches children's language experience,especially when they engage their whole bodies to bring the words to life.She added:"The reason we are performing Shakespeare's work 400 years on is that there are so many different choices to make about character motivation,the meanings of different kinds of speeches,the setting. Shakespeare is great at asking you the questions.He doesn't give you the answers and that's why it's such an interesting and creative body of work to explore." 43.Which of the following learners'activities fits the "rehearsal room"approach? A.Physically perform Shakespeare's works B.Emotionally reading Shakespeare's plays. C.Independently writing reviews of Shakespeare's plays. D.Regularly memorizing the lines of Shakespeare's works. 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第8页共12页 44.What can we learn from the peer-reviewed results? A.Control pupils generally write longer pieces. B.Target pupils prefer using common vocabulary. C.Target pupils better identify with literary characters. D.Control pupils fail to react to an imagined situation. 45.O'Hanlon would most likely to agree that A.young children demonstrate strong literacy and motivation B.memorizing Shakespeare's texts directly teaches emotional skills C.actors'performance helps children's language learning and mental development D.Shakespeare's enduring popularity lies in open questions and diverse interpretations 46.Which of the following might be the best title of this passage? A.Language's Power:Writing in role. B.Shakespeare's Magic:Learning by Acting. C.A Discovery Journey:Exploring Shakespeare's World. D.A Path to Growth:Conducting Drama-driven Research. Section C Directions:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.However,it's quite difficult to make a sincere apology. B.The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. C.There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. D.But even for most normal people,it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. E.Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. F.Although apologizing can be hard to do,it is,in fact,the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. Why You Won't Apologize In our relationships with others,it's inevitable that we'll hurt people from time to time,even though,in some cases,we don't mean to.(47) Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know-sincere 二○二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第9页共12页 apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts.But all too often,we stubbornly refuse to apologize,even when we know we're in the wrong. An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we've done to a relationship.To do this,we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim's position and to show empathy (for the pain we have caused the victim.Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person.(48) When our friend points out that we've offended them,it's easy to recall plenty of instances when they'd also hurt our feelings-so what are they getting so upset about? We all want to believe we're essentially good people.Accepting the fact that we've hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image.People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image.If personal characteristics stay the same,then,of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent with their self-image as an essentially good person.In reality,of course,even good people sometimes do bad things.(49) Sometimes people don't apologize because they don't believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable.(50) Your sincere apology doesn't mean the victim ought to forgive you right away.It may still take time,but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started. 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第10页共12页 II.Summary Writing Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship,and More to Maintain It Many of us worry that we don't put in enough time to maintain close friendships But how much is enough?Unfortunately,there's no magic formula()for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them.Each friendship and friend is unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact. Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together.We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend.In order to move from casual friends to close friends,we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours. However,deeper interactions can quicken that timeline.We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations.Contrarily,spending 200 hours together doesn't necessarily mean a person will become a close friend.They have to want to be your friends.Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends. When it comes to maintaining friendships,it's not just the number of hours spent together,but what we do that matters.Engaging in passive activity with friends-like watching a TV series-is fun and enjoyable,but it doesn't do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations,sharing feelings,and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with,through calls and texts or in person,helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings,like happiness. The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established,some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements. IV.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.她轻巧的动作流程从未让人们失望过。(amaze) 53.虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿帮我收拾厨房。(otice) 54.领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为 美好未来奠基。(present;pave) 55.求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义， 维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。(prove;rate) 二O二五学年度第二学期高二英语期末考试第11页共12页 V.Guided Writing Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column''上看到如下一则信息。 给这位署名为“Worried"的读者写一封回信，针对他的问题提出建议，内容须包括： L.你的建议： 2.你的理由。 My best friend seems anxious a lot.She bites her fingernails and always looks tired.I don't think she's eating right,either.How can I help her out? -Worried 二0二五竿年度第二学期燕二英语烟末考试第12页共12页