专题10 虚拟语气（课件）-2027年湖南省（对口招生）《英语一轮讲练测》

2027年湖南省（对口招生） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习课件 专题10 虚拟语气 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 知识回顾 03 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 2 01 考情解码·命题预警 3 【复习目标】 依据“十四五”职业教育国家规划教材（中等职业学校公共基础课程教材）、湖南省普通高等学校对口招生考试英语考试基本要求及考试大纲。本专题在一轮铺开复习虚拟语气的定义、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用和虚拟语气的其他用法等知识点并能够学以致用。 02 知识回顾 5 【考点一】　虚拟语气的定义 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)，表示所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 【考点二】　虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前，我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。 1. 真实条件句 所表达的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 2. 虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句所表达的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。具体见下表。 序号 假设类型 虚拟条件句 主句 示例 1 与现在事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(动词be用were) 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If I _____time, I ___________ the meeting. 如果我有时间，我会参加会议。 had would attend 序号 假设类型 虚拟条件句 主句 示例 2 与过去事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋had＋done 主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋done If he had hurried, he _________________ the train. 如果当时他快点的话，他本可以赶上火车的。 续表 could have caught 序号 假设类型 虚拟条件句 主句 示例 3 与将来事实相反的假设 If＋主语＋动词的过去式(动词be用were)If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 If＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋should/would/could/might＋_________ If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 如果我出国，我会去美国。 续表 动词原形 【注意】　　虚拟语气的条件句中，可省略 if，把were、 had、 should 提到句首， 变为倒装句式。 ________ I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我再上学，我会更加努力学习。 ________ you come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早点来，你就会见到他了。 Were Had 【考点三】　虚拟语气的其他用法 1. suggest、 advise等动词后的宾语从句须用虚拟语气 结构：“suggest、 advise、 recommend、 demand、 require、 insist、 request、 order、 ask等＋that...(＋should)＋动词原形”。 (1)在此结构中that不可省略， should可省可不省。上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。 He suggested that they ___________ smoking. 他建议他们戒烟。 He made a request that they ___________ smoking. 他提出了让他们戒烟的建议。 (should) stop (should) stop (2)如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right. 他坚持说他是对的。 2. “It is(was)＋necessary/a pity 等＋that引导的从句”须用虚拟语气 结构：“It is(was)＋important/natural/necessary/strange/a pity 等＋that...(＋should)＋动词原形”。 It is important that you (should) follow the doctor's orders. 听从医生的命令是很重要的。 It is necessary that the work should be done. _______________________________________________________ 这项工作有必要完成。 3. wish的用法 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 与现在事实相反 主语＋wish(that)＋主语＋ 动词过去式(be→were) I wish I ________ a pop singer. (＝I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)我希望我是个流行歌手。 were 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 2 与过去事实相反 主语＋wish(that)＋主语＋ had＋过去分词 I wish I ________ never ________ teaching. (＝I am sorry I stopped teaching.)我真希望我从未停止教书。 续表 had stopped 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 3 与将来事实可能相反 主语＋wish(that)＋主语＋ would/could/might＋动词原形 I wish they'd let us get some sleep. (＝I am sorry they will not let us get any sleep.)我希望他们能让我们睡一觉。 续表 【注意】　wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气；wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。 We hope they ______________. (＝We don't know if they can come.) 我们希望他们会来。 We wish they ______________. (＝We know they are not coming.) 我们希望他们能来。 will come could come 4. as if、 as though等引导的虚拟语气 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 与________事实相反 主语＋as if/though＋主语＋ 动词过去式(be→were) The little girl talks as if she knew everything.这个小女孩说话的样子好像她什么都知道。 现在 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 2 与过去事实相反 主语＋as if/though＋主语＋ had＋过去分词 He acted as if nothing ______________． 他表现得好像什么事也没发生似的。 续表 had happened 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 3 与________事实可能相反 主语＋as if/though＋主语＋ would/could/might/should＋动词原形 He nodded his head as if he would agree with the plan. 他点头好像他将会同意这个计划一样。 续表 将来 5. would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 与现在/将来事实相反 主语＋would rather＋主语＋ 动词过去式(be→were) I would rather you didn't tell him. ________________________________ 我宁愿你不要告诉他。 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 2 与过去事实相反 主语＋would rather＋主语＋ had＋过去分词 I would rather you had been with him.我宁愿你(当时)和他在一起。 续表 6. if only引导的从句的虚拟语气 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 与现在事实相反 If only＋主语＋ 动词过去式(be→were) If only he were here at the moment.但愿他此刻在这儿。 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 与现在事实相反 If only＋主语＋ had＋过去分词 If only I hadn't missed the train, I would have been there on time. 要是我没有错过火车，我就会按时到达那里。 续表 序号 虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 3 与将来事实可能相反 If only＋主语＋ would/could/might/should＋动词原形 If only she would try again. 但愿她再试一次。 续表 7. with和but for引导的虚拟语气 序号   虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 with 与现在/将来事实相反 would/could/might/should＋动词原形 Without the Internet，our life would be very inconvenient. 没有互联网，我们的生活会非常不便。 续表 序号   虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 1 with 与过去事实相反 would/could/might/should＋have＋过去分词 Without your help，I would have failed the exam. 没有你的帮助，我就会考试不及格。 续表 序号   虚拟类型 句子结构 示例 2 but for 与过去事实相反 would/could/might/should＋have＋过去分词 But for the policeman, the old man would have lost his way last night. 要不是警察，这位老人昨晚就会迷路。 8. It's (high) time that...＋动词过去式/should＋动词原形(should不能省) It's time (that) you ________ a hair cut. 你该理发了。 It's high time (that) we _____________________. 我们该采取行动了。 had should take some action 03 即时训练 31 1 2 3 4 5 (　　)1. If only I ________ at the party last night! But I had to prepare for the conference. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was B 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】 if only意为“要是……就好了”，其后的谓语动词要用虚拟语气；根据句中的时间状语last night，可以看出是对过去的虚拟，所以时态要用过去完成时had done。 (　　)2. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ________ two weeks to prepare for the exams. A. give B. be given C. should give D. would be given B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】 名词suggestion后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其虚拟形式为“(should＋)动词原形”；又因为students与give之间为被动关系，故谓语需用被动形式。 (　　)3. I wonder what my life ________ like now if I had found the strength to disobey my father and insisted on studying abroad. A. would have been B. will have been C. would be D. is C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】 根据时间状语now可知，主句表示与现在事实相反的情况，谓语动词应用would do。 (　　)4. But for those interruptions, the meeting ________ half an hour ago. A. was finished B. would have finished C. would finish D. had been finished B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】根据句意及时间状语half an hour ago可知此处与过去事实相反。 (　　)5. The movie couldn't be more boring. I wish I ________ to it. A. had not been B. have not been C. did not go D. have not gone A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】 wish后的宾语从句表示对过去事情的虚拟，故谓语动词用过去完成时。 (　　)6. It is important that Nancy ________ her homework on time. A. will finish B. should finish C. have to finish D. finishes 【解析】 在“It is necessary/important/natural/strange that...”结构中，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (　　)7. If I ________ time, I would certainly go to the movies with you, but I have a lot of work to do. A. had B. have C. will have D. had had A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词需用动词的过去式。 (　　)8. ________ the rain stop, the crops would be saved. A. Will B. Would C. Should D. Had C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 【解析】　表示对将来情况的假设，从句可用“should＋动词原形”。从句为省略if，将should提前构成的倒装句。 (　　)9. Jane's uncle insisted ________ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 【解析】　本题结构是“insist＋that＋主语(＋should)＋动词原形”；not...any longer意为“不再”。 C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (　　)10. Jeff looked as if he ________ a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see C 【解析】　“as if＋从句”用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 感谢观看 $