内容正文:
译林版新版九上英语Unit 4 Life is Beautiful 知识清单
(背诵版)
目录
一、核心词汇 1
二、核心词组 6
三、核心语法 7
(一)verb-ing的用法(单元重点,必考易错点) 7
(二)verb-ed的用法(单元重点,必考易错点) 10
(三)语法练习题 11
四、单元书面表达总结 14
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 14
(二)高分词汇/词组积累 15
(三)参考范文 16
(四)写作模板(万能模板) 16
一、核心词汇
1. attractive adj.吸引人的;有魅力的
词形变换:副词形式 attractively(迷人地;有吸引力地);动词形式 attract(吸引;引起);名词形式 attraction(吸引力;景点)
搭配:attractive appearance 吸引人的外表;attractive price 诱人的价格;find sb attractive 觉得某人有吸引力
例句:Unlike apples and peaches that attract people with their beautiful colours, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth.
(不像苹果和桃子用美丽的颜色吸引人们,花生植物把果实藏在泥土里。)
2. bear v.结(果实);开(花);生(孩子);承受
词形变换:bears(三单)、bore(过去式)、borne/born(过去分词)、bearing(现在分词);名词形式 bear(熊)
搭配:bear fruit 结果实;bear children 生孩子;bear the pain 忍受痛苦;bear in mind 记住
例句:Until you dig it out, you can't tell by looking at its thin stem whether it bears fruit or not.
(直到你把它挖出来,你才能从它细细的茎上看出它是否结了果实。)
3. compare v.比较;对比
词形变换:compares(三单)、compared(过去式/过去分词)、comparing(现在分词);名词形式 comparison(比较;对比)
搭配:compare A with B 把A和B作比较;compare A to B 把A比作B;compared with/to... 与……相比(常作状语);by comparison 相比之下
例句:Compared with being useful, looking for attention and praise from others is not that important.
(与做一个有用的人相比,寻求他人的关注和赞美并没有那么重要。)
4. expect v.期待;预料;期望
词形变换:expects(三单)、expected(过去式/过去分词)、expecting(现在分词);名词形式 expectation(期待;预期)
搭配:expect sth of sb 期待某人做某事(或具备某种品质);expect to do sth 期待做某事;expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事;beyond expectation 出乎意料
例句:This is what I expect of you.(这就是我对你们的期望。)
5. pity n.遗憾;同情;怜悯
词形变换:复数 pities;动词形式 pity(同情;怜悯)
搭配:It's a pity that... ……真是遗憾;What a pity! 真遗憾!;out of pity 出于同情;feel pity for sb 同情某人
例句:It's a pity to let it go to waste like that.(让它那样浪费掉真是太可惜了。)
6. unlike prep.不像;与……不同
词形变换:形容词形式 unlikely(不太可能的);反义词 like(像;如同)
搭配:unlike sb/sth 不像某人/某物;unlike any other 与任何其他的不同
例句:Unlike apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth.(不像苹果和桃子把果实展示在空中,花生植物把果实藏在泥土里。)
7. devote vt.献身;致力;专心
词形变换:devotes(三单)、devoted(过去式/过去分词)、devoting(现在分词);形容词形式 devoted(忠诚的;挚爱的);名词形式 devotion(奉献;忠诚)
搭配:devote...to... 把……奉献给……;devote oneself to 献身于;致力于;devote one's life to 为……奉献一生;be devoted to 专心于;忠诚于
例句:Fan Jinshi has devoted a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves.(樊锦诗把她生命的大部分都奉献给了研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟。)
8. donate v.捐赠;捐献
词形变换:donates(三单)、donated(过去式/过去分词)、donating(现在分词);名词形式 donation(捐赠;捐献);名词形式 donor(捐赠者)
搭配:donate sth to sb/sth 把某物捐赠给……;donate blood 献血;make a donation 捐赠;blood donation 献血
例句:He has also donated blood more than 20 times.(他还献血超过20次。)
9. ordinary adj.普通的;平凡的
词形变换:副词形式 ordinarily(通常;一般地);名词形式 ordinariness(平凡;普通);反义词 extraordinary(非凡的;特别的)
搭配:an ordinary person 一个普通人;ordinary life 平凡的生活;out of the ordinary 不寻常的;ordinary people 普通人
例句:He is an ordinary man, but he is very kind and helpful.
(他是一个普通人,但他非常善良、乐于助人。)
10. neighbourhood n.社区;街区;附近
词形变换:复数 neighbourhoods;形容词形式 neighbouring(邻近的;附近的);名词形式 neighbour(邻居)
搭配:in one's neighbourhood 在某人的社区/附近;in the neighbourhood of 大约;在……附近
例句:It is normal for him to take care of old people in our neighbourhood in his free time.
(他在空闲时间照顾我们社区的老年人是很正常的。)
11. celebration n.庆祝;庆典
词形变换:复数 celebrations;动词形式 celebrate(庆祝);形容词形式 celebrated(著名的;受人敬仰的)
搭配:in celebration of 为了庆祝;hold a celebration 举行庆祝活动;New Year celebration 新年庆典
例句:She told us to go to the garden for the celebration.(她让我们去花园参加庆祝活动。)
12. condition n.状态;状况;条件
词形变换:复数 conditions;形容词形式 conditional(有条件的)
搭配:in good/bad condition 状态好/差;living conditions 生活条件;on condition that... 在……条件下;under...conditions 在……条件下
例句:After many years of hard work, the condition of the caves has been improved a lot.
(经过多年的努力,石窟的状况已经有了很大改善。)
13. contribute vi. & vt.贡献;增进;促成
词形变换:contributes(三单)、contributed(过去式/过去分词)、contributing(现在分词);名词形式 contribution(贡献;捐献)
搭配:contribute to 对……做出贡献;促成;contribute sth to... 把某物捐给……;make a contribution to 对……做出贡献
例句:Any life can have meaning if we contribute in some way.
(如果我们以某种方式做出贡献,任何生命都可以有意义。)
14. judge vt. & vi.判断;认为;审判
词形变换:judges(三单)、judged(过去式/过去分词)、judging(现在分词);名词形式 judge(法官;裁判员);名词形式 judgment(判断;审判)
搭配:judge sb/sth by... 根据……判断某人/某物;judge from... 从……来判断;judging by/from... 根据……来判断(常用作独立成分)
例句:We can judge how meaningful our lives are by how many people we help.
(我们可以通过帮助了多少人来判断我们的生活有多少意义。)
15. amazed adj.大为惊奇的;吃惊的
词形变换:副词形式 amazingly(令人惊奇地);动词形式 amaze(使惊奇);形容词形式 amazing(令人惊奇的);名词形式 amazement(惊奇;诧异)
搭配:be amazed at/by 对……感到惊奇;be amazed to do sth 做某事感到惊奇;to one's amazement 令某人惊奇的是
例句:I'm amazed by her story.(她的故事让我大为惊奇。)
16. hidden adj.隐藏的;隐匿的
词形变换:动词原形 hide(隐藏;躲藏)、hid(过去式)、hidden(过去分词);副词形式 hiddenly(隐秘地)
搭配:hidden treasure 隐藏的宝藏;hidden danger 隐患;keep sth hidden 将某物藏起来
例句:It feels like a hidden treasure, waiting to be dug out.
(它就像一个隐藏的宝藏,等待被发掘。)
17. meaningful adj.有意义的;意味深长的
词形变换:副词形式 meaningfully(有意义地);反义词 meaningless(无意义的);名词形式 meaning(意义;含义);动词形式 mean(意味着;意思是)
搭配:a meaningful life 有意义的生活;meaningful work 有意义的工作;meaningful conversation 有意义的对话
例句:My father believes it is meaningful to support those around you.
(我父亲认为支持身边的人是有意义的。)
18. graduate vi. & vt.(大学)毕业
词形变换:graduates(三单)、graduated(过去式/过去分词)、graduating(现在分词);名词形式 graduate(毕业生);名词形式 graduation(毕业)
搭配:graduate from... 从……毕业;graduate in... 毕业于……专业;after graduation 毕业后
例句:She went to work in Dunhuang after she graduated.(她毕业后去敦煌工作。)
19. research n. & v.研究;调查
词形变换:researches(三单)、researched(过去式/过去分词)、researching(现在分词);复数 researches(研究成果)
搭配:do/conduct research 做/进行研究;research into/on 对……的研究;research centre 研究中心
例句:She has devoted a large part of her life to researching the ancient Dunhuang caves.
(她把生命的大部分都奉献给了对敦煌石窟的研究。)
20. peanut n.花生
词形变换:复数 peanuts
搭配:peanut butter 花生酱;peanut oil 花生油
例句:Father said, "It's useful, though not very attractive." — this is about the peanut.
(父亲说:"它很有用,虽然不太好看。"——这是在说花生。)
二、核心词组
1. a couple of 几个;一对 用法提示:后接可数名词复数,表示"几个、两三个"
例句:In a couple of months, we had a harvest!(几个月后,我们收获了!)
2. dig out 挖掘出;发掘 用法提示:强调从里面向外挖出
例句:Until you dig it out, you can't tell whether it bears fruit or not.
(直到你把它挖出来,你才能分辨它是否结了果实。)
3. compare with 与……比较;与……相比
用法提示:compare A with B 把A和B作比较;compared with/to... 与……相比(作状语)
例句:Compared with being useful, looking for attention from others is not that important.
(与做一个有用的人相比,寻求他人的关注并没有那么重要。)
4. devote...to... 把……奉献给……;致力于 用法提示:to是介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式
例句:Fan Jinshi has devoted a large part of her life to researching and protecting the caves.
(樊锦诗把她生命的大部分都奉献给了研究和保护石窟。)
5. make up one's mind 下定决心 用法提示:one's随主语变化,如make up his/her/my mind
例句:I have made up my mind to live my life just like him.
(我已下定决心像他那样生活。)
6. in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 用法提示:one's随主语变化
例句:It is normal for him to take care of old people in our neighbourhood in his free time.
(他在空闲时间照顾我们社区的老年人是很正常的。)
7. be born with 天生具有;生来就有 用法提示:后接名词,表示与生俱来的特质
例句:Some parts of your personality are born with you — they are passed on by your parents.
(你性格中的某些部分是天生的——它们是由你的父母遗传给你的。)
8. expect sth of sb 期待某人做某事(或具备某种品质) 用法提示:of后接人,表示对某人的期望
例句:This is what I expect of you.(这就是我对你们的期望。)
9. dig up 掘地;挖掘出 用法提示:强调翻动泥土的动作
例句:We began buying seeds, digging up the ground and watering the plants.
(我们开始买种子、翻地和浇灌植物。)
10. lend a hand 帮忙;伸出援手 用法提示:相当于help,口语常用
例句:Whenever his friends or family need help, he is always ready to lend a hand.
(每当他的朋友或家人需要帮助时,他总是乐于伸出援手。)
三、核心语法
(一)verb-ing的用法(单元重点,必考易错点)
1. 定义
动词的-ing形式,也叫动名词或现在分词,在句中可以充当名词、形容词或宾语补足语等多种角色。简单来说,当你看到一个动词后面加了-ing,它就不再只是个动作了——它可能变成了一个"事情"(作主语或宾语),也可能变成了一个"描述"(作形容词),甚至还可能补足说明某个动作的进行状态。本单元我们要掌握verb-ing的四种用法:作主语、作宾语、作宾语补足语和作形容词。
2. 详细用法
(1)verb-ing作主语
★ verb-ing作主语 + 谓语(单数形式)
当-ing形式作主语时,它表示的是一个"事情"或"行为",所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式——这一点特别容易忘,一定要记住。比如"帮助别人是重要的",英文要说 Helping others is important,这里的is不能写成are。
例句1:Seeing them enjoying the food brings Amy great happiness.
(看到他们享用食物给艾米带来了巨大的幸福。)
例句2:Showing kindness to others is an important part of living a good life.
(对他人展现善意是美好生活的重要组成部分。)
(2)verb-ing作宾语
★ 只接verb-ing作宾语的常见动词/词组
有些动词后面只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式。这是考试的高频考点。记住一句话:这些动词可以用口诀"考虑建议盼原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, forgive/pardon)、承认推迟没得想(admit, delay/put off, can't help)、避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/continue, practice)、否认完成就欣赏(deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate)、不禁介意准逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape)、值得想象要冒险(be worth, imagine, risk)"来记。
常见的只接-ing的动词:enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practice, suggest, keep, imagine, consider, admit, deny, risk, miss, appreciate
常见的只接-ing的词组:be worth, be busy, can't help, feel like, look forward to, devote...to..., be/get used to, pay attention to, stick to
例句1:She likes cooking dinner for them at weekends.
(她喜欢在周末为他们做饭。)
例句2:He has devoted a large part of his life to researching the caves.
(他把生命的大部分都奉献给了对石窟的研究。)
(3)verb-ing作宾语补足语
★ 感官动词 + 宾语 + verb-ing(强调动作正在进行)
这个用法和"感官动词+宾语+动词原形"是一对常考对比。区别在于:接-ing强调你看到/听到的是动作"正在进行",而接动词原形强调你看到/听到的是动作"已经完成"或"全过程"。比如"我看到他在跑步"——如果他还在跑,用I see him running;如果你看到他跑完了,用I see him run。
常见感官动词:see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find
例句1:Amy often sees her parents helping others.
(艾米经常看到她的父母在帮助别人。)
例句2:I heard Dad talking about how much he likes his job.
(我听到爸爸在谈论他多么喜欢他的工作。)
(4)verb-ing作形容词
★ -ing形容词:描述事物的性质,意为"令人……的"
-ing形式的形容词用来描述事物的性质或特征,意思是"令人……的"。它修饰的是"引起这种感觉"的东西,而不是"产生这种感觉"的人。比如an amazing story是"一个令人惊奇的故事"——故事本身让人惊奇,而不是故事自己感到惊奇。
例句1:Helpfulness is an amazing quality.(乐于助人是一种令人惊叹的品质。)
例句2:Your work should be exciting to you.(你的工作应该是令人兴奋的。)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:verb-ing作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数。
❌ Helping others are important.
✅ Helping others is important.
易错点2:devote...to..., look forward to, be used to等短语中to是介词,后面接-ing,不能接不定式。
❌ He devotes his life to protect the caves.
✅ He devotes his life to protecting the caves.
易错点3:see/hear sb do sth(看/听全过程)与see/hear sb doing sth(看/听到正在做)容易混淆。
❌ I saw him crossing the road from beginning to end.(表示全过程应用原形)
✅ I saw him cross the road from beginning to end.
(二)verb-ed的用法(单元重点,必考易错点)
1. 定义
动词的-ed形式可以作形容词用,表示"被……的"或"感到……的",通常用来描述人的感受或情绪状态。和-ing形容词是一对经典对比:-ing描述的是事物的性质("令人……的"),-ed描述的是人的感受("感到……的")。这是每次考试几乎都会出现的考点,务必搞清楚。
2. 详细用法
(1)-ed形容词的用法
★ -ed形容词:描述人的感受,意为"感到……的"
这是-ed形容词最核心的用法。当我们想表达"某人感到……"时,就要用-ed形式。比如I am interested in music是"我对音乐感兴趣"——我感到有趣,所以用-ed。而music is interesting是"音乐令人有趣"——音乐本身有这个性质,用-ing。记住:人+ed,物+ing。
常见的-ed形容词:interested, excited, surprised, amazed, bored, tired, satisfied, encouraged, disappointed, worried, frightened
例句1:Amy felt encouraged to live a useful life after reading the passage.
(艾米读完文章后受到鼓舞,想要过有用的一生。)
例句2:My uncle is never bored with his work.
(我叔叔从不厌倦他的工作。)
(2)-ing与-ed形容词的区别
★ -ing描述事物性质("令人……的"),-ed描述人感受("感到……的")
这是最容易混淆的地方。给你一个判断技巧:看修饰的对象——如果主语是"事物"(书、电影、故事、工作等),用-ing;如果主语是"人"且表达的是感受,用-ed。但要注意一个陷阱:当说"人+ing"时,意思是"这个人让别人产生这种感觉",比如She is interesting表示"她很有趣(让别人感兴趣)",而不是"她感到有趣"。
对比1:The boss is satisfied with John's job.(老板对约翰的工作感到满意——人+ed)
The boss thinks that John's job is satisfying.(老板认为约翰的工作令人满意——物+ing)
对比2:She was interested in the story.(她对故事感兴趣——人+ed)
She thought the story was interesting.(她认为故事很有趣——物+ing)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:描述人的感受要用-ed,不能用-ing。
❌ I am interesting in the story.
✅ I am interested in the story.
易错点2:描述事物的性质要用-ing,不能用-ed。
❌ The story is interested.
✅ The story is interesting.
易错点3:"人+ing"表示"这个人让别人产生这种感觉",不是自己感到。
❌ I am boring.(想表达"我感到无聊"——但这句意思是"我令人无聊")
✅ I am bored.(我感到无聊——人+ed)
(三)语法练习题
A. 单项选择
1. ________ others is the best way to find meaning in life.
A. Help B. Helping C. Helped D. To helping
2. She looked forward to ________ the ancient caves in Dunhuang.
A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. visits
3. I heard someone ________ at the door when I was reading.
A. knock B. knocked C. knocking D. to knock
4. The movie was so ________ that all of us were deeply ________.
A. moving; moved B. moved; moving C. moving; moving D. moved; moved
5. He has devoted most of his time ________ the patients.
A. to help B. to helping C. help D. helped
6. The ________ news made everyone in the village ________.
A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprised
C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising
7. ________ a meaningful life requires us to think about our purpose.
A. Live B. Lived C. Living D. Lives
8. Compared ________ his brother, he is much more hardworking.
A. with B. to C. for D. at
【答案与解析】
1. B 考查verb-ing作主语。动词-ing形式可以作主语,谓语用单数。Helping作主语表示"帮助别人"这件事,故选B。
2. B 考查look forward to doing sth。to是介词,后面必须接动词-ing形式,故选B。
3. C 考查hear sb doing sth。表示"听到某人正在做某事",强调动作正在进行,故选C。如果选A(knock),则表示听到了敲门的全过程。
4. A 考查-ing与-ed形容词的区别。第一空修饰movie(事物),用-ing表示"令人感动的";第二空修饰us(人),用-ed表示"感到感动的",故选A。
5. B 考查devote...to...结构。to是介词,后接动词-ing形式。devote...to helping表示"把……奉献给帮助……",故选B。
6. C 考查-ing与-ed形容词。第一空修饰news(事物),用-ing表示"令人惊讶的";第二空修饰everyone(人),用-ed表示"感到惊讶的",故选C。
7. C 考查verb-ing作主语。Living a meaningful life作主语,表示"过有意义的生活"这件事,谓语requires是单数形式,故选C。
8. A 考查compared with/to的搭配。compared with意为"与……相比",固定搭配,故选A。compared to也可表示"与……相比",但with更常见。
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (enjoy) yourself is important too!
2. She is never ________ (bore) with her work as a dentist.
3. I saw him ________ (talk) about his job on the phone.
4. Amy felt ________ (encourage) after reading the peanut story.
5. Sandy thinks the work of a designer is very ________ (excite).
6. ________ (discuss) meaningful jobs in class made Simon think about his future.
7. She has devoted her life to ________ (protect) the ancient caves.
8. The teacher was ________ (amaze) at how quickly the students improved.
【答案与解析】
1. Enjoying 考查verb-ing作主语。enjoy的-ing形式Enjoying作主语,表示"享受生活"这件事。
2. bored 考查-ed形容词。修饰人(She),表示"感到厌倦的",用bored。
3. talking 考查see sb doing sth。表示看到他正在谈论,用现在分词talking。
4. encouraged 考查-ed形容词。修饰人(Amy),表示"感到受鼓舞的",用encouraged。
5. exciting 考查-ing形容词。修饰事物(the work),表示"令人兴奋的",用exciting。
6. Discussing 考查verb-ing作主语。Discussing作主语,谓语made是单数。
7. protecting 考查devote...to doing sth。to是介词,后接动词-ing形式protecting。
8. amazed 考查-ed形容词。修饰人(the teacher),表示"感到惊奇的",用amazed。
C. 句型转换
1. It is important to help others.(用verb-ing改写,保持句意不变)
____________________________________________________
2. The story is very interesting. I am interested in it.(合并为一句)
____________________________________________________
3. He devotes his time to protect the environment.(找出错误并改正)
____________________________________________________
4. She saw the boy crossed the road.(判断正误,如错误请改正,并说明理由)
____________________________________________________
【答案与解析】
1. Helping others is important.
将It is important to do sth改写为Doing sth is important。verb-ing作主语代替不定式作主语,意思不变。
2. I am interested in the interesting story.
将两句合并时,-ing修饰事物(story),-ed修饰人(I),注意区分两者用法。
3. 将protect改为protecting。devote...to...中to是介词,后接动词-ing形式。
考查devote...to doing sth结构。to在这里是介词不是不定式符号,必须接-ing。
4. 错误。应改为She saw the boy cross the road.(表示看到全过程用原形)或She saw the boy crossing the road.(表示看到正在过马路用-ing)。原句crossed是过去式,不能用于感官动词+宾语+补足语结构。感官动词后接宾语补足语时,只能用动词原形(表示全过程)或-ing形式(表示正在进行),不能用过去式。
四、单元书面表达总结
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
第一段(开头,1-2句):引入人物
功能:点明对你影响最大的人是谁,用一句话概括他/她的核心品质。
核心句式:
1 The person who has influenced me greatly is my ________.
(对我影响最大的人是我的________。)
2 I think my ________ has a very meaningful life.
(我认为我的________过着非常有意义的生活。)
第二段(中间,3-4句):具体事迹
功能:用具体事例说明他/她做了什么,体现他/她的品质。注意用细节让文章有血有肉。
核心句式:
1 Whenever ________, he/she is always ready to ________.
(每当________,他/她总是乐于________。)
2 It is normal for him/her to ________ in his/her free time.
(他/她在空闲时间________是很正常的。)
3 He/She has also ________ more than ________ times.
(他/她还________超过________次。)
第三段(中间,2-3句):深层影响
功能:写出这个人的行为对你产生了怎样的深层影响,升华主题。
核心句式:
1 My ________ believes it is meaningful to ________.
(我的________认为________是有意义的。)
2 I am greatly influenced by my ________ and have made up my mind to ________.
(我深受我的________的影响,并已下定决心________。)
第四段(结尾,1-2句):总结与展望
功能:总结全文,表达你将如何以这个人 为榜样。
核心句式:
① I will follow his/her example and ________.(我将效仿他/她的榜样,________。)
② He/She has taught me that ________.(他/她教会了我________。)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换:
基础词
高分替换词
含义
例句
good
meaningful
有意义的
a meaningful life
important
significant
重大的
a significant contribution
help
assist / support
帮助/支持
support those around you
like
be devoted to
致力于
be devoted to helping others
try hard
make up one's mind
下定决心
make up my mind to follow his example
a lot
a great deal
大量
devote a great deal of time
kind
generous / selfless
慷慨的/无私的
a selfless person
高分词组:
① devote oneself to 致力于;献身于
② make up one's mind 下定决心
③ lend a hand 伸出援手
④ be born with 天生具有
⑤ compared with 与……相比
⑥ in one's free time 在空闲时间
⑦ devote one's life to 为……奉献一生
⑧ make a difference 产生影响;有所作为
(三)参考范文
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Greatly
I think my father has a very meaningful life. He is an ordinary man, but he is very kind and helpful. Every day, he tries his best to help others.
Whenever his friends or family need help, he is always ready to lend a hand. And it is normal for him to take care of old people in our neighbourhood in his free time. He does not just help people in his everyday life. He has also donated blood more than 20 times. This is enough to save about 70 lives. Even his death will have meaning since he has decided to donate his body for medical research when he dies.
My father believes it is meaningful to support those around you. He has a heart full of love.
I am greatly influenced by my father and have made up my mind to live my life just like him. He has taught me that being useful is more important than being attractive. Like the peanut, a truly meaningful life may not show on the outside, but it is full of value on the inside.
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Greatly
I think my ________ has a very meaningful life. He/She is ________(表明此人的核心品质), but he/she is very ________(补充品质).
Whenever ________(具体情况), he/she is always ready to ________(具体行为). It is normal for him/her to ________(日常善举) in his/her free time. He/She has also ________(更深层的事迹). This shows that ________(事迹带来的影响或意义).
My ________ believes it is meaningful to ________(此人的信念). He/She has a heart full of ________(情感品质).
I am greatly influenced by my ________ and have made up my mind to ________(你的决心和行动). He/She has taught me that ________(你从中学到的人生道理).
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译林版新版九上英语Unit 4 Life is Beautiful 知识清单
(默写版)
目录
一、核心词汇 1
二、核心词组 6
三、核心语法 8
(一)verb-ing的用法(单元重点,必考易错点) 8
(二)verb-ed的用法(单元重点,必考易错点) 10
(三)语法练习题 11
四、单元书面表达总结 13
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式) 13
(二)高分词汇/词组积累 14
(三)参考范文 14
(四)写作模板(万能模板) 15
一、核心词汇
1. attractive adj.吸引人的;有魅力的
词形变换:副词形式 _______________(迷人地;有吸引力地);动词形式 _______________(吸引;引起);名词形式 _______________(吸引力;景点)
搭配:_______________吸引人的外表;_______________诱人的价格;_______________觉得某人有吸引力
例句:Unlike apples and peaches that _______________ people with their beautiful colours, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth.
(不像苹果和桃子用美丽的颜色吸引人们,花生植物把果实藏在泥土里。)
2. bear v.结(果实);开(花);生(孩子);承受
词形变换:bears(三单)、_______________(过去式)、_______________(过去分词)、bearing(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(熊)
搭配:_______________结果实;_______________生孩子;_______________忍受痛苦;_______________记住
例句:Until you dig it out, you can't tell by looking at its thin stem whether it _______________ fruit or not.
(直到你把它挖出来,你才能从它细细的茎上看出它是否结了果实。)
3. compare v.比较;对比
词形变换:compares(三单)、compared(过去式/过去分词)、comparing(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(比较;对比)
搭配:_______________把A和B作比较;_______________把A比作B;_______________与……相比(常作状语);_______________相比之下
例句:_______________ with being useful, looking for attention and praise from others is not that important.
(与做一个有用的人相比,寻求他人的关注和赞美并没有那么重要。)
4. expect v.期待;预料;期望
词形变换:expects(三单)、expected(过去式/过去分词)、expecting(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(期待;预期)
搭配:_______________期待某人做某事(或具备某种品质);_______________期待做某事;_______________期望某人做某事;_______________出乎意料
例句:This is what I _______________ of you.
(这就是我对你们的期望。)
5. pity n.遗憾;同情;怜悯
词形变换:复数 pities;动词形式 _______________(同情;怜悯)
搭配:_______________真是遗憾;_______________真遗憾!;_______________出于同情;_______________同情某人
例句:It's a _______________ to let it go to waste like that.
(让它那样浪费掉真是太可惜了。)
6. unlike prep.不像;与……不同
词形变换:形容词形式 _____________(不太可能的);反义词 ____________(像;如同)
搭配:_______________不像某人/某物;_______________与任何其他的不同
例句:_______________ apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth.
(不像苹果和桃子把果实展示在空中,花生植物把果实藏在泥土里。)
7. devote vt.献身;致力;专心
词形变换:devotes(三单)、devoted(过去式/过去分词)、devoting(现在分词);形容词形式 _______________(忠诚的;挚爱的);名词形式 _______________(奉献;忠诚)
搭配:_______________把……奉献给……;_______________献身于;_______________致力于;_______________为……奉献一生;_______________专心于;_______________忠诚于
例句:Fan Jinshi has _______________ a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves.
(樊锦诗把她生命的大部分都奉献给了研究和保护古老的敦煌石窟。)
8. donate v.捐赠;捐献
词形变换:donates(三单)、donated(过去式/过去分词)、donating(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(捐赠;捐献);名词形式 _______________(捐赠者)
搭配:_______________把某物捐赠给……;_______________献血;_______________捐赠;_______________献血
例句:He has also _______________ blood more than 20 times.
(他还献血超过20次。)
9. ordinary adj.普通的;平凡的
词形变换:副词形式 _______________(通常;一般地);名词形式 _______________(平凡;普通);反义词 _______________(非凡的;特别的)
搭配:_______________一个普通人;_______________平凡的生活;_______________不寻常的;_______________普通人
例句:He is an _______________ man, but he is very kind and helpful.
(他是一个普通人,但他非常善良、乐于助人。)
10. neighbourhood n.社区;街区;附近
词形变换:复数 neighbourhoods;形容词形式 _______________(邻近的;附近的);名词形式 _______________(邻居)
搭配:_______________在某人的社区/附近;_______________大约;_______________在……附近
例句:It is normal for him to take care of old people in our _______________ in his free time.
(他在空闲时间照顾我们社区的老年人是很正常的。)
11. celebration n.庆祝;庆典
词形变换:复数 celebrations;动词形式 _______________(庆祝);形容词形式 _______________(著名的;受人敬仰的)
搭配:_____________为了庆祝;_______________举行庆祝活动;_______________新年庆典
例句:She told us to go to the garden for the _______________.
(她让我们去花园参加庆祝活动。)
12. condition n.状态;状况;条件
词形变换:复数 conditions;形容词形式 _______________(有条件的)
搭配:_______________状态好/差;_______________生活条件;_______________在……条件下;_______________在……条件下
例句:After many years of hard work, the _______________ of the caves has been improved a lot.
(经过多年的努力,石窟的状况已经有了很大改善。)
13. contribute vi. & vt.贡献;增进;促成
词形变换:contributes(三单)、contributed(过去式/过去分词)、contributing(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(贡献;捐献)
搭配:_______________对……做出贡献;_______________促成;_______________把某物捐给……;_______________对……做出贡献
例句:Any life can have meaning if we _______________ in some way.
(如果我们以某种方式做出贡献,任何生命都可以有意义。)
14. judge vt. & vi.判断;认为;审判
词形变换:judges(三单)、judged(过去式/过去分词)、judging(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(法官;裁判员);名词形式 _______________(判断;审判)
搭配:_______________根据……判断某人/某物;_______________从……来判断;_______________根据……来判断(常用作独立成分)
例句:We can _______________ how meaningful our lives are by how many people we help.
(我们可以通过帮助了多少人来判断我们的生活有多少意义。)
15. amazed adj.大为惊奇的;吃惊的
词形变换:副词形式 _______________(令人惊奇地);动词形式 _______________(使惊奇);形容词形式 _____________(令人惊奇的);名词形式 _____________(惊奇;诧异)
搭配:_______________对……感到惊奇;_______________做某事感到惊奇;_______________令某人惊奇的是
例句:I'm _______________ by her story.(她的故事让我大为惊奇。)
16. hidden adj.隐藏的;隐匿的
词形变换:动词原形 _______________(隐藏;躲藏)、hid(过去式)、_______________(过去分词);副词形式 _______________(隐秘地)
搭配:_______________隐藏的宝藏;_______________隐患;_______________将某物藏起来
例句:It feels like a _______________ treasure, waiting to be dug out.
(它就像一个隐藏的宝藏,等待被发掘。)
17. meaningful adj.有意义的;意味深长的
词形变换:副词形式 _______________(有意义地);反义词 _______________(无意义的);名词形式 _____________(意义;含义);动词形式 ___________(意味着;意思是)
搭配:_______________有意义的生活;_______________有意义的工作;_______________有意义的对话
例句:My father believes it is _______________ to support those around you.
(我父亲认为支持身边的人是有意义的。)
18. graduate vi. & vt.(大学)毕业
词形变换:graduates(三单)、graduated(过去式/过去分词)、graduating(现在分词);名词形式 _______________(毕业生);名词形式 _______________(毕业)
搭配:_______________从……毕业;____________毕业于……专业;_____________毕业后
例句:She went to work in Dunhuang after she _______________.(她毕业后去敦煌工作。)
19. research n. & v.研究;调查
词形变换:researches(三单)、researched(过去式/过去分词)、researching(现在分词);复数 researches(研究成果)
搭配:_______________做/进行研究;_______________对……的研究;_______________研究中心
例句:She has devoted a large part of her life to _______________ the ancient Dunhuang caves.
(她把生命的大部分都奉献给了对敦煌石窟的研究。)
20. peanut n.花生
词形变换:复数 peanuts
搭配:_______________花生酱;_______________花生油
例句:Father said, "It's useful, though not very attractive." — this is about the _______________.
(父亲说:"它很有用,虽然不太好看。"——这是在说花生。)
二、核心词组
1. a couple of 几个;一对 用法提示:后接可数名词复数,表示"几个、两三个"
例句:In _______________ months, we had a harvest!(几个月后,我们收获了!)
2. dig out 挖掘出;发掘 用法提示:强调从里面向外挖出
例句:Until you dig it out, you can't tell whether it bears fruit or not.
(直到你把它挖出来,你才能分辨它是否结了果实。)
3. compare with 与……比较;与……相比
用法提示:compare A with B 把A和B作比较;compared with/to... 与……相比(作状语)
例句:_______________ being useful, looking for attention from others is not that important.
(与做一个有用的人相比,寻求他人的关注并没有那么重要。)
4. devote...to... 把……奉献给……;致力于 用法提示:to是介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式
例句:Fan Jinshi has _______________ a large part of her life _______________ researching and protecting the caves.
(樊锦诗把她生命的大部分都奉献给了研究和保护石窟。)
5. make up one's mind 下定决心 用法提示:one's随主语变化,如make up his/her/my mind
例句:I have _______________ to live my life just like him.
(我已下定决心像他那样生活。)
6. in one's free time 在某人的空闲时间 用法提示:one's随主语变化
例句:It is normal for him to take care of old people in our neighbourhood _______________.
(他在空闲时间照顾我们社区的老年人是很正常的。)
7. be born with 天生具有;生来就有 用法提示:后接名词,表示与生俱来的特质
例句:Some parts of your personality are _______________ you — they are passed on by your parents.
(你性格中的某些部分是天生的——它们是由你的父母遗传给你的。)
8. expect sth of sb 期待某人做某事(或具备某种品质) 用法提示:of后接人,表示对某人的期望
例句:This is what I _______________ _______________ you.(这就是我对你们的期望。)
9. dig up 掘地;挖掘出 用法提示:强调翻动泥土的动作
例句:We began buying seeds, _______________ the ground and watering the plants.
(我们开始买种子、翻地和浇灌植物。)
10. lend a hand 帮忙;伸出援手 用法提示:相当于help,口语常用
例句:Whenever his friends or family need help, he is always ready to _______________.
(每当他的朋友或家人需要帮助时,他总是乐于伸出援手。)
三、核心语法
(一)verb-ing的用法(单元重点,必考易错点)
1. 定义
动词的-ing形式,也叫动名词或现在分词,在句中可以充当名词、形容词或宾语补足语等多种角色。简单来说,当你看到一个动词后面加了-ing,它就不再只是个动作了——它可能变成了一个"事情"(作主语或宾语),也可能变成了一个"描述"(作形容词),甚至还可能补足说明某个动作的进行状态。本单元我们要掌握verb-ing的四种用法:作主语、作宾语、作宾语补足语和作形容词。
2. 详细用法
(1)verb-ing作主语
★ verb-ing作主语 + 谓语(单数形式)
当-ing形式作主语时,它表示的是一个"事情"或"行为",所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式——这一点特别容易忘,一定要记住。比如"帮助别人是重要的",英文要说 Helping others is important,这里的is不能写成are。
例句1:_______________ them enjoying the food _______________ Amy great happiness.
(看到他们享用食物给艾米带来了巨大的幸福。)
例句2:_______________ kindness to others ____________ an important part of living a good life.
(对他人展现善意是美好生活的重要组成部分。)
(2)verb-ing作宾语
★ 只接verb-ing作宾语的常见动词/词组
有些动词后面只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式。这是考试的高频考点。记住一句话:这些动词可以用口诀"考虑建议盼原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, forgive/pardon)、承认推迟没得想(admit, delay/put off, can't help)、避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/continue, practice)、否认完成就欣赏(deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate)、不禁介意准逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape)、值得想象要冒险(be worth, imagine, risk)"来记。
常见的只接-ing的动词:enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, practice, suggest, keep, imagine, consider, admit, deny, risk, miss, appreciate
常见的只接-ing的词组:be worth, be busy, can't help, feel like, look forward to, devote...to..., be/get used to, pay attention to, stick to
例句1:She likes _______________ dinner for them at weekends.
(她喜欢在周末为他们做饭。)
例句2:He has devoted a large part of his life _______________ the caves.
(他把生命的大部分都奉献给了对石窟的研究。)
(3)verb-ing作宾语补足语
★ 感官动词 + 宾语 + verb-ing(强调动作正在进行)
这个用法和"感官动词+宾语+动词原形"是一对常考对比。区别在于:接-ing强调你看到/听到的是动作"正在进行",而接动词原形强调你看到/听到的是动作"已经完成"或"全过程"。比如"我看到他在跑步"——如果他还在跑,用I see him running;如果你看到他跑完了,用I see him run。
常见感官动词:see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find
例句1:Amy often sees her parents _______________ others.
(艾米经常看到她的父母在帮助别人。)
例句2:I heard Dad _______________ about how much he likes his job.
(我听到爸爸在谈论他多么喜欢他的工作。)
(4)verb-ing作形容词
★ -ing形容词:描述事物的性质,意为"令人……的"
-ing形式的形容词用来描述事物的性质或特征,意思是"令人……的"。它修饰的是"引起这种感觉"的东西,而不是"产生这种感觉"的人。比如an amazing story是"一个令人惊奇的故事"——故事本身让人惊奇,而不是故事自己感到惊奇。
例句1:Helpfulness is an _______________ quality.
(乐于助人是一种令人惊叹的品质。)
例句2:Your work should be _______________ to you.
(你的工作应该是令人兴奋的。)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:verb-ing作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数。
❌ Helping others are important.
✅ Helping others _______________ important.
易错点2:devote...to..., look forward to, be used to等短语中to是介词,后面接-ing,不能接不定式。
❌ He devotes his life to protect the caves.
✅ He devotes his life to _______________ the caves.
易错点3:see/hear sb do sth(看/听全过程)与see/hear sb doing sth(看/听到正在做)容易混淆。
❌ I saw him crossing the road from beginning to end.(表示全过程应用原形)
✅ I saw him _______________ the road from beginning to end.
(二)verb-ed的用法(单元重点,必考易错点)
1. 定义
动词的-ed形式可以作形容词用,表示"被……的"或"感到……的",通常用来描述人的感受或情绪状态。和-ing形容词是一对经典对比:-ing描述的是事物的性质("令人……的"),-ed描述的是人的感受("感到……的")。这是每次考试几乎都会出现的考点,务必搞清楚。
2. 详细用法
(1)-ed形容词的用法
★ -ed形容词:描述人的感受,意为"感到……的"
这是-ed形容词最核心的用法。当我们想表达"某人感到……"时,就要用-ed形式。比如I am interested in music是"我对音乐感兴趣"——我感到有趣,所以用-ed。而music is interesting是"音乐令人有趣"——音乐本身有这个性质,用-ing。记住:人+ed,物+ing。
常见的-ed形容词:interested, excited, surprised, amazed, bored, tired, satisfied, encouraged, disappointed, worried, frightened
例句1:Amy felt _______________ to live a useful life after reading the passage.
(艾米读完文章后受到鼓舞,想要过有用的一生。)
例句2:My uncle is never _______________ with his work.
(我叔叔从不厌倦他的工作。)
(2)-ing与-ed形容词的区别
★ -ing描述事物性质("令人……的"),-ed描述人感受("感到……的")
这是最容易混淆的地方。给你一个判断技巧:看修饰的对象——如果主语是"事物"(书、电影、故事、工作等),用-ing;如果主语是"人"且表达的是感受,用-ed。但要注意一个陷阱:当说"人+ing"时,意思是"这个人让别人产生这种感觉",比如She is interesting表示"她很有趣(让别人感兴趣)",而不是"她感到有趣"。
对比1:The boss is _______________ with John's job.(老板对约翰的工作感到满意——人+ed)
The boss thinks that John's job is _______________.(老板认为约翰的工作令人满意——物+ing)
对比2:She was _______________ in the story.(她对故事感兴趣——人+ed)
She thought the story was _______________.(她认为故事很有趣——物+ing)
3. 易错点总结(必记)
易错点1:描述人的感受要用-ed,不能用-ing。
❌ I am interesting in the story.
✅ I am _______________ in the story.
易错点2:描述事物的性质要用-ing,不能用-ed。
❌ The story is interested.
✅ The story is _______________.
易错点3:"人+ing"表示"这个人让别人产生这种感觉",不是自己感到。
❌ I am boring.(想表达"我感到无聊"——但这句意思是"我令人无聊")
✅ I am _______________.(我感到无聊——人+ed)
(三)语法练习题
A. 单项选择
1. ________ others is the best way to find meaning in life.
A. Help B. Helping C. Helped D. To helping
2. She looked forward to ________ the ancient caves in Dunhuang.
A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. visits
3. I heard someone ________ at the door when I was reading.
A. knock B. knocked C. knocking D. to knock
4. The movie was so ________ that all of us were deeply ________.
A. moving; moved B. moved; moving C. moving; moving D. moved; moved
5. He has devoted most of his time ________ the patients.
A. to help B. to helping C. help D. helped
6. The ________ news made everyone in the village ________.
A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprised
C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprising
7. ________ a meaningful life requires us to think about our purpose.
A. Live B. Lived C. Living D. Lives
8. Compared ________ his brother, he is much more hardworking.
A. with B. to C. for D. at
B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (enjoy) yourself is important too!
2. She is never ________ (bore) with her work as a dentist.
3. I saw him ________ (talk) about his job on the phone.
4. Amy felt ________ (encourage) after reading the peanut story.
5. Sandy thinks the work of a designer is very ________ (excite).
6. ________ (discuss) meaningful jobs in class made Simon think about his future.
7. She has devoted her life to ________ (protect) the ancient caves.
8. The teacher was ________ (amaze) at how quickly the students improved.
C. 句型转换
1. It is important to help others.(用verb-ing改写,保持句意不变)
____________________________________________________
2. The story is very interesting. I am interested in it.(合并为一句)
____________________________________________________
3. He devotes his time to protect the environment.(找出错误并改正)
____________________________________________________
4. She saw the boy crossed the road.(判断正误,如错误请改正,并说明理由)
____________________________________________________
四、单元书面表达总结
(一)写作框架梳理(4段式)
第一段(开头,1-2句):引入人物
功能:点明对你影响最大的人是谁,用一句话概括他/她的核心品质。
核心句式:
1 The person who has influenced me greatly is my ________.
(对我影响最大的人是我的________。)
2 I think my ________ has a very meaningful life.
(我认为我的________过着非常有意义的生活。)
第二段(中间,3-4句):具体事迹
功能:用具体事例说明他/她做了什么,体现他/她的品质。注意用细节让文章有血有肉。
核心句式:
1 Whenever ________, he/she is always ready to ________.
(每当________,他/她总是乐于________。)
2 It is normal for him/her to ________ in his/her free time.
(他/她在空闲时间________是很正常的。)
3 He/She has also ________ more than ________ times.
(他/她还________超过________次。)
第三段(中间,2-3句):深层影响
功能:写出这个人的行为对你产生了怎样的深层影响,升华主题。
核心句式:
1 My ________ believes it is meaningful to ________.
(我的________认为________是有意义的。)
2 I am greatly influenced by my ________ and have made up my mind to ________.
(我深受我的________的影响,并已下定决心________。)
第四段(结尾,1-2句):总结与展望
功能:总结全文,表达你将如何以这个人 为榜样。
核心句式:
① I will follow his/her example and ________.(我将效仿他/她的榜样,________。)
② He/She has taught me that ________.(他/她教会了我________。)
(二)高分词汇/词组积累
高分词汇替换:
基础词
高分替换词
含义
例句
good
meaningful
有意义的
a meaningful life
important
significant
重大的
a significant contribution
help
assist / support
帮助/支持
support those around you
like
be devoted to
致力于
be devoted to helping others
try hard
make up one's mind
下定决心
make up my mind to follow his example
a lot
a great deal
大量
devote a great deal of time
kind
generous / selfless
慷慨的/无私的
a selfless person
高分词组:
① devote oneself to 致力于;献身于
② make up one's mind 下定决心
③ lend a hand 伸出援手
④ be born with 天生具有
⑤ compared with 与……相比
⑥ in one's free time 在空闲时间
⑦ devote one's life to 为……奉献一生
⑧ make a difference 产生影响;有所作为
(三)参考范文
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Greatly
I think my father has a very meaningful life. He is an ordinary man, but he is very kind and helpful. Every day, he tries his best to help others.
Whenever his friends or family need help, he is always ready to lend a hand. And it is normal for him to take care of old people in our neighbourhood in his free time. He does not just help people in his everyday life. He has also donated blood more than 20 times. This is enough to save about 70 lives. Even his death will have meaning since he has decided to donate his body for medical research when he dies.
My father believes it is meaningful to support those around you. He has a heart full of love.
I am greatly influenced by my father and have made up my mind to live my life just like him. He has taught me that being useful is more important than being attractive. Like the peanut, a truly meaningful life may not show on the outside, but it is full of value on the inside.
(四)写作模板(万能模板)
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Greatly
I think my ________ has a very meaningful life. He/She is ________(表明此人的核心品质), but he/she is very ________(补充品质).
Whenever ________(具体情况), he/she is always ready to ________(具体行为). It is normal for him/her to ________(日常善举) in his/her free time. He/She has also ________(更深层的事迹). This shows that ________(事迹带来的影响或意义).
My ________ believes it is meaningful to ________(此人的信念). He/She has a heart full of ________(情感品质).
I am greatly influenced by my ________ and have made up my mind to ________(你的决心和行动). He/She has taught me that ________(你从中学到的人生道理).
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