译林版新版九上英语Unit 3 Never Give Up 知识清单（背诵版+默写版）

译林版新版九上英语Unit 3 Never Give Up 知识清单 （默写版） 目录 一、核心词汇 1 二、核心词组 9 三、核心语法 10 （一）before、after、when和while引导的时间状语从句 11 （二）since、till和until引导的时间状语从句（单元重点） 13 （三）as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句 14 （四）语法练习题 16 四、单元书面表达总结 17 （一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 17 （二）高分词汇/词组积累 18 （三）参考范文 19 （四）写作模板（万能模板） 19 一、核心词汇 1. courage n.勇气；胆量 词形变换：动词形式 _______________（鼓励）；名词形式 _______________（鼓励） 搭配：have the _______________ to do sth有勇气做某事；show _______________展现勇气；_______________ to fight against difficulties与困难抗争的勇气 例句：Hawking had the _______________ to fight against his difficulties and never gave up. （霍金有与困难抗争的勇气，从不放弃。） 2. contribution n.贡献 词形变换：动词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________；_______________ 搭配：make a _______________ to对......做出贡献；contribute _______________对......有贡献；促成 例句：Hawking was known for his _______________ to science. （霍金因对科学的贡献而闻名。） 3. suffering n.痛苦；苦难 词形变换：动词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________；suffer _______________（疾病等） 搭配：great _______________巨大的痛苦；cause _______________造成苦难；relieve _______________减轻痛苦 例句：Stephen Hawking overcame great _______________ in his life. （斯蒂芬·霍金克服了生活中的巨大痛苦。） 4. recognize vt.赞赏；公认；认识；辨别出 词形变换：名词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________ 搭配：be _______________ as被公认为；_______________ sb/sth认出某人/某物；_______________ the importance of认识到......的重要性 例句：Stephen Hawking was _______________ as one of the greatest scientists of his time. （斯蒂芬·霍金被公认为是他那个时代最伟大的科学家之一。） 5. attitude n.态度 词形变换：复数形式 _______________ 搭配：a positive _______________积极的态度；_______________ towards/to对......的态度；keep a positive _______________保持积极的态度 例句：Hawking had a surprisingly positive _______________ towards life. （霍金对生活有着令人惊讶的积极态度。） 6. audience n.读者；观众；听众 词形变换：复数形式 _______________（多场观众）；a _______________ 搭配：a wide _______________广大读者/观众；attract an _______________吸引观众；reach a wider _______________触达更广泛的受众 例句：Hawking was known for trying to explain difficult scientific ideas to a wider _______________.（霍金因努力向更广泛的受众解释深奥的科学思想而闻名。） 7. overcome vt.克服；解决 词形变换：过去式 _______________；过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________ 搭配：_______________ difficulties/challenges克服困难/挑战；_______________ obstacles克服障碍；_______________ fear克服恐惧 例句：Hawking overcame great suffering in his life and continued his research. （霍金克服了生活中的巨大痛苦，继续他的研究。） 8. diagnose vt.诊断 词形变换：名词形式 _______________（诊断）；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________ 搭配：be _______________ with被诊断出患有......；_______________ a disease诊断疾病 例句：He was _______________ with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday. （他在21岁生日后不久被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病。） 9. inspiration n.鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；灵感 词形变换：动词形式 _______________；_______________；形容词形式 _______________（鼓舞人心的） 搭配：be an _______________ to sb是某人的精神榜样；draw _______________ from从......中获得灵感；an _______________ to all对所有人的鼓舞 例句：His story made him a household name and an _______________ to all.（ 他的故事使他家喻户晓，成为所有人的精神榜样。） 10. household n.家庭；一户 词形变换：形容词形式 _______________；_______________；household _______________ 搭配：a _______________ name家喻户晓的人物；_______________ products家用产品；_______________ income家庭收入 例句：Stephen Hawking is a _______________ name around the world. （斯蒂芬·霍金是世界各地家喻户晓的人物。） 11. further vt.促进；增进 词形变换：比较级 _______________；最高级 _______________；_______________ 搭配：_______________ one's studies深造；_______________ one's career推进事业；_______________ the development of促进......的发展 例句：He went to the University of Cambridge to _______________ his studies. （他去了剑桥大学继续深造。） 12. rob vt.掠夺 词形变换：过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________；名词形式 _______________（强盗）；_______________（抢劫） 搭配：_______________ sb of sth剥夺（某人所需或应得之物）；_______________ a bank抢银行 例句：This disease slowly _______________ people of the ability to move their muscles. （这种疾病慢慢剥夺人们活动肌肉的能力。） 13. muscle n.肌肉 词形变换：形容词形式 _______________；_______________ 搭配：move one's _______________活动肌肉；_______________ strength肌肉力量；pull a _______________拉伤肌肉 例句：The disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their _______________. （这种疾病慢慢剥夺人们活动肌肉的能力。） 14. despite prep.尽管；即使 词形变换：_______________ 搭配：_______________ + n./pron./doing尽管......；_______________ his poor health尽管他身体不好；_______________ the fact that尽管......这一事实 例句：_______________ his poor health, Hawking's influence on modern science is great. （尽管身体不好，霍金对现代科学的影响是巨大的。） 15. universe n.宇宙 词形变换：形容词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________（普遍地） 搭配：understand the _______________ better更好地理解宇宙；the beginning _______________ the universe宇宙的起源；the view _______________ the universe对宇宙的认识 例句：Much of his work focused on understanding our _______________ better. （他的大部分工作集中在更好地理解我们的宇宙。） 16. continued adj.连续不断的 词形变换：动词形式 _______________（继续）；continue _______________；名词形式 _______________；_______________ 搭配：_______________ efforts不断的努力；_______________ success持续的成功；_______________ support持续的支持 例句：He was also known for his _______________ efforts in trying to explain scientific ideas. （他也因不断努力解释科学思想而闻名。） 17. scientific adj.科学的 词形变换：名词形式 _______________（科学）；副词形式 _______________（科学地）；_______________（科学家） 搭配：_______________ ideas/achievements科学思想/成就；_______________ research科学研究；_______________ method科学方法 例句：Hawking tried to explain difficult _______________ ideas to a wider audience. （霍金努力向更广泛的受众解释深奥的科学思想。） 18. highly adv.很；非常 词形变换：形容词形式 _______________（高的）；动词形式 _______________（提高）；名词形式 _______________（高度） 搭配：_______________ popular非常受欢迎的；speak _______________ of高度评价；_______________ recommended强烈推荐的 例句：His _______________ popular book has been translated into more than 30 languages. （他那本非常受欢迎的书已被翻译成30多种语言。） 19. achievement n.成就 词形变换：动词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________（可达到的） 搭配：scientific _______________科学成就；a great _______________伟大的成就；achieve one's goal实现目标 例句：People remember not only his scientific _______________, but his courage. （人们不仅记得他的科学成就，还记住了他的勇气。） 20. however adv.不管多么 词形变换：_______________ 搭配：_______________ + adj./adv. +主语 + 谓语 无论多么......；_______________ difficult无论多么困难；_______________ hard无论多么努力 例句：_______________ difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at.（无论生活看起来多么艰难，总有你可以做并取得成功的事情。） 21. whenever conj.无论何时 词形变换：_______________；_______________；_______________；_______________ 搭配：_______________ +从句 每当......；_______________ you like无论你何时喜欢；_______________ possible只要有可能 例句：_______________ I face a challenge, I think about my role model. （每当面临挑战时，我就会想起我的榜样。） 22. shortly adv.不久 词形变换：形容词形式 _______________；_______________ 搭配：_______________ after在......之后不久；_______________ before在......之前不久；_______________ afterwards不久之后 例句：He was diagnosed with a terrible disease _______________ after his 21st birthday. （他在21岁生日后不久被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病。） 23. yet conj.然而；但是 词形变换：_______________；have _______________ 搭配：_______________还可用在否定句中；and _______________然而；have _______________ to do sth尚未做某事 例句：He needed a wheelchair, _______________ he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life.（他需要轮椅，然而他对生活有着令人惊讶的积极态度。） 24. surprisingly adv.使人惊奇地 词形变换：动词形式 _______________（使惊奇）；形容词形式 _______________（令人惊讶的）；_______________（感到惊讶的）；名词形式 _______________（惊奇） 搭配：_______________ positive令人惊讶地积极；_______________ good出奇地好；not _______________不足为奇 例句：He had a _______________ positive attitude towards life. （他对生活有着令人惊讶的积极态度。） 25. challenging adj.有挑战性的 词形变换：动词形式 _______________（挑战）；名词形式 _______________（挑战）；过去式/过去分词 _______________ 搭配：a _______________ task有挑战性的任务；find sth _______________发现某事有挑战性；face a challenge面临挑战 例句：Since I learnt about the amazing stories of Stephen Hawking, I have often thought of his example when I find something _______________.（自从了解了斯蒂芬·霍金令人惊叹的故事，每当遇到有挑战性的事情，我就会想起他的榜样。） 26. injure vt.伤害；使受伤 词形变换：名词形式 _______________；_______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________；the _______________ 搭配：be _______________受伤；_______________ one's knee/shoulder伤了膝盖/肩膀；seriously/badly _______________严重受伤 例句：He got _______________ when he was 12, and doctors said the same thing. （他12岁时受伤了，医生说了同样的话。） 27. compete vi.参加比赛；竞争 词形变换：名词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________（参赛者）；_______________；_______________；过去式/过去分词 _______________；现在分词 _______________ 搭配：_______________ in参加（比赛）；_______________ with/against与......竞争；_______________ for为......而竞争 例句：Kieran Behan had the dream of competing in the Olympics from a young age. （基兰·贝汉从小就梦想参加奥运会比赛。） 28. performance n.表现；表演 词形变换：动词形式 _______________；_______________；_______________（表演者）；过去式/过去分词 _______________ 搭配：amazing _______________出色的表现/表演；give a _______________进行表演；academic _______________学业表现 例句：The Olympic Games celebrate not only amazing _______________, but also people's will.（奥运会不仅庆祝出色的表现，还赞颂人们的意志。） 29. will n.意志；毅力；意愿 词形变换：_______________；_______________ 搭配：a strong _______________坚强的意志；the _______________ to do sth做某事的意愿；_______________ one's will违背意愿 例句：The Olympic Games celebrate people's _______________ to keep going even when the way forward seems impossible.（奥运会赞颂人们即使前进之路看似不可能也坚持走下去的意志。） 30. gymnast n.体操运动员 词形变换：名词形式 _______________（体操）；形容词形式 _______________（体操的） 搭配：a professional _______________职业体操运动员；an Irish _______________爱尔兰体操运动员 例句：Kieran Behan, an Irish _______________, had the dream of competing in the Olympics. （爱尔兰体操运动员基兰·贝汉梦想参加奥运会。） 31. musician n.音乐家 词形变换：名词形式 _______________（音乐）；形容词形式 _______________（音乐的） 搭配：a great _______________伟大的音乐家；a world-famous _______________世界闻名的音乐家 例句：Beethoven was a great _______________ who kept writing music even after he lost his hearing.（贝多芬是一位伟大的音乐家，即使失聪后仍继续创作音乐。） 32. death n.死亡 词形变换：动词形式 _______________（死）；形容词形式 _______________（死亡的）；_______________（垂死的）；_______________（致命的） 搭配：after his _______________在他死后；cause _______________ death死因；a matter _______________ life and death生死攸关的事 例句：After his _______________, people finally understood Van Gogh's contribution to the art world.（在他死后，人们终于理解了凡·高对艺术界的贡献。） 33. coach n.教练 词形变换：_______________；_______________ 搭配：my _______________我的教练；a football _______________足球教练；_______________ sb in sth在某方面训练某人 例句：My _______________ was proud of me.（我的教练为我感到骄傲。） 二、核心词组 1. rob sb of sth 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物）（注意介词用of，不是from） 例句：The disease slowly _______ people ______ the ability to move their muscles. （这种疾病慢慢剥夺人们活动肌肉的能力。） 2. stand in one's way 妨碍某人；阻止某人（注意one's要与主语一致，如his/her/my way） 例句：Hawking never let his illness _______________ . （霍金从来没有让疾病成为他前进的阻碍。） 3. against the odds 尽管困难重重（odds在此意为"逆境；不利条件"） 例句：Paul struggles _______________ from childhood to youth and overcomes various challenges.（保罗从童年到青年都在逆境中抗争，克服了各种挑战。） 4. give up 放弃（后接名词或动词-ing形式：give up sth/doing sth） 例句：It matters that you don't just _______________.（重要的是你不要放弃。） 5. carry on 继续做；坚持干（carry on with sth 继续做某事；carry on doing sth 继续做某事） 例句：We can _______________ like bamboo till the hard time passes. （我们可以像竹子一样继续努力，直到困难的时刻过去。） 6. be diagnosed with 被诊断出患有......（疾病）（被动结构，注意介词用with） 例句：He was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday. （他在21岁生日后不久被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病。） 7. household name 家喻户晓的人物（household在此作名词的定语，不是"家庭名字"的意思） 例句：His story made him a _______________ and an inspiration to all. （他的故事使他家喻户晓，成为所有人的精神榜样。） 8. make it (to) 获得成功；及时到达（口语中常用，表示克服困难达成目标） 例句：Finally, at the age of 23, his dream came true: he _____________ to the London 2012 Olympics. （终于，在23岁时，他的梦想实现了：他成功进入了2012年伦敦奥运会。） 9. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为（后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示感谢的对象） 例句：_______________ his strong will, Yang finally got a chance to continue his dream. （多亏了强大的意志力，杨帆最后有机会继续他的梦想。） 10. not...until/till 直到......才（主句谓语为非延续性动词时，常用此结构，表示"直到......才发生"） 例句：I won't give up ____________ I achieve my goal.（直到实现目标我才放弃。） 11. as soon as 一......就......（引导时间状语从句，主将从现） 例句：His experience gives me hope _______________ it comes to mind. （一想到他的经历，我就有了希望。） 三、核心语法 （一）before、after、when和while引导的时间状语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） 1. 定义 before、after、when和while都是引导时间状语从句的连词，用来表示主句动作发生的时间背景。简单来说，它们就是在告诉听者——"这件事发生在什么时候"。这四个词虽然都跟时间有关，但侧重点各有不同，咱们一个一个来看。 2. 详细用法 （1）before和after ★ before："在......之前"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。理解起来很简单——主句先发生，before后面的事后发生。 例句1：He was sure about my success ________ the accident happened. （在事故发生之前，他对我的成功很有信心。） 例句2：Think twice ________ you make a decision.（在做决定之前要三思。） ★ after："在......之后"，和before正好相反，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后——after后面的事先发生，主句后发生。 例句1：________ I recovered, I trained for four years.（我恢复之后，训练了四年。） 例句2：________ he finished his homework, he went out to play.（他完成作业后，出去玩了。） （2）when和while的区别（重点！） 这是本单元最需要搞清的一组——when和while虽然都能翻译成"当......的时候"，但用法上有明确区别： ★ when："当......的时候"，既可以接延续性动词，也可以接瞬间动词。也就是说，when非常"百搭"，从句里的动词是延续的还是瞬间的，它都能搭配。 例句1：________ I was a child, my dream was to become an Olympic swimmer. （当我小时候，我的梦想是成为奥运游泳选手。）——was是延续性动词 例句2：________ my shoulder was better, I had to work hard to get back into shape. （当我的肩膀好转时，我必须努力恢复体形。）——was better表示状态变化 例句3：________ he was just 10 years old, he fell ill. （当他刚10岁时，他生病了。）——fell ill是瞬间动作 ★ while："在......期间"，只能接延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，或者某事在另一事的持续期间发生。while从句里的动词一定要是"可以持续的"——像work、study、rain、sleep这类，而像arrive、stop、begin这类瞬间动词就不能和while搭配。 例句1：________ I was training, I hurt my shoulder. （我在训练时伤了肩膀。）——was training是延续性动作 例句2：________ he was walking near the water, he met a river god. （他在水边散步时遇到了河神。）——was walking是延续性动作 这里要特别注意一个（必记）的规律：while引导的从句常用过去进行时，强调"正在做某事的过程中"。考试中看到while，首先想到"同时进行"。 （3）从句位置与标点 这四个连词引导的从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。放在句首时，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开——这一点很多同学容易忽略。 句首：________ I was training, I hurt my shoulder.（从句在前，逗号隔开） 句中：I hurt my shoulder ________ I was training.（从句在后，不用逗号） 3. 易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：while只能接延续性动词，不能接瞬间动词。 ❌ While he arrived, I was reading a book. ✅ When he arrived, I was reading a book. (arrive是瞬间动词，只能用when) 易错点2：从句位于句首时，忘记加逗号。 ❌ Before I left home I closed all the windows. ✅ Before I left home, I closed all the windows. 易错点3：when和while引导的从句用进行时，主句也用进行时——不需要。主句用什么时态取决于语境。 ❌ While I was walking, it was raining. ✅ While I was walking, it started to rain. (主句用一般过去时即可) （二）since、till和until引导的时间状语从句（单元重点） 1. 定义 since表示"自从......以来"，强调从某个时间点开始一直持续到现在或某个时间；till和until都表示"直到......"，表示某事一直持续到某个时间点为止。till和until意思基本相同，但在正式文体和句首更常用until。 2. 详细用法 （1）since引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句（现在完成时）+ since + 从句（一般过去时） since表示"自从......以来"，从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时。这是since最经典的搭配——从句给出"起点"，主句说从那个起点到现在发生了什么。 例句1：________ I learnt about the amazing stories of Stephen Hawking, I have often thought of his example.（自从了解了霍金令人惊叹的故事，我经常想起他的榜样。） 例句2：He has lived here ________ he was born.（自从他出生以来就一直住在这里。） 注意：since后面跟的是"时间起点"，所以从句动词用一般过去时，表示那个起点的动作已经完成了。 （2）till/until引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句 + till/until + 从句（"直到......才"） till和until意思相同，都表示"直到......"。在口语中till更常见，在书面语和正式场合until更常用。它们表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生为止。 例句1：I won't give up ________ I achieve my goal.（直到实现目标我才放弃。） 例句2：Hawking lived on and continued to work ________ he died at 76. （霍金一直活下来并继续工作，直到76岁去世。） （3）not...until结构（重点！） ★ not...until/till "直到......才" 这个结构非常常考。当主句谓语是go、leave、arrive、come等非延续性动词时，必须用not...until来表示"直到......才"。为什么呢？因为非延续性动词不能和"一直持续"搭配，所以要用否定——"没有......直到......"，翻译成"直到......才......"。 例句1：I won't leave until I finish my work.（直到完成工作我才离开。） 例句2：Many questions were too difficult for common people to understand until Hawking wrote his books.（直到霍金写了他的书，许多关于宇宙的问题对普通人来说才不再那么难以理解。） 这里再强调一个（易错点）：not...until结构中，not的位置在主句谓语动词上，不是在until从句里！ （4）从句位置 since可以放在句首或句中；till/until可以放在句首或句中，但till一般不放在句首——句首用until更正式。 句首：Until you dig it out, you can't tell whether it bears fruits or not. （直到挖出来，你才能判断它是否结果。） 句中：You can't tell whether it bears fruits or not until you dig it out.（同上，从句在后。） 3. 易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，不能搞反。 ❌ I knew him since I have been a child. ✅ I have known him since I was a child. 易错点2：非延续性动词（如leave, start, arrive）与until搭配时，必须用否定形式not...until。 ❌ He started until the rain stopped. ✅ He didn't start until the rain stopped. 易错点3：since作连词引导时间状语从句时，与since作"既然"引导原因状语从句不同，注意区分。 Since he came here, he has made many friends. （自从他来这儿，他交了很多朋友。）——since表示时间 Since everyone is here, let's start our meeting. （既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。）——since表示原因 （三）as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句 1. 定义 as soon as表示"一......就......"，强调两个动作紧密相连，前一个动作发生，后一个动作立刻跟着发生；whenever表示"无论何时"，相当于no matter when，强调在任何时间条件下从句的内容都成立。 2. 详细用法 （1）as soon as引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句 + as soon as + 从句（"一......就......"） as soon as强调"紧接性"——从句动作一发生，主句动作马上跟着发生。考试中经常考查主将从现的规则：主句用一般将来时，as soon as从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句1：His experience ________ me hope as soon as it ________ to mind. （一想到他的经历，我就有了希望。） 例句2：I ________ you as soon as I ________ in Beijing. （我一到北京就给你打电话。）——主将从现 例句3：As soon as he ________ his homework, he ________ out to play. （他一完成作业就出去玩了。）——主句和从句都用一般过去时 （2）whenever引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句 + whenever + 从句（"无论何时/每当......"） whenever相当于"any time that"，语气比when更强，强调"不管什么时候，只要......就......"。它和when最大的区别是：when只说"某个时间"，whenever强调"任何时间都如此"。 例句1：Whenever I face a challenge, I think about my role model. （每当面临挑战时，我就会想起我的榜样。） 例句2：Whenever Hawking's name is mentioned, people remember his courage. （每当提到霍金的名字，人们就会想起他的勇气。） （3）从句位置 as soon as和whenever都可以放在句首或句中。放在句首时，从句后加逗号。 3. 易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。 ❌ I will tell him as soon as he will come back. ✅ I will tell him as soon as he comes back. 易错点2：whenever和when的区分——whenever强调"每一次/无论何时"，when只是"当......时"。 Whenever I see him, he is reading.（每次见到他，他都在读书。）——强调规律性 When I saw him, he was reading.（当我看到他时，他在读书。）——只描述某一次的情况 （四）语法练习题 A. 单项选择 1. ______ I was walking in the park, I met an old friend of mine. A. Before B. While C. After D. Until 2. He won't stop trying ______ he achieves his dream. A. since B. after C. until D. while 3. ______ he heard the good news, he told his parents immediately. A. As soon as B. Until C. While D. Since 4. I have lived in this city ______ I was born. A. when B. while C. before D. since 5. ______ difficult the problem is, we should never give up. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Wherever 6. ______ I face a challenge, I think of Hawking's story. A. As soon as B. Until C. Whenever D. While 7. The boy didn't go to bed ______ his mother came back. A. when B. while C. till D. after 8. ______ Hawking lost the ability to speak, he continued his research. A. Because B. After C. Although D. While B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. While I ______ (read) a book, the phone rang. 2. He ______ (not stop) working until he finished the report. 3. I ______ (know) him since I was a child. 4. As soon as she ______ (arrive), she will call you. 5. Whenever he ______ (face) a problem, he tries his best to solve it. 6. After he ______ (overcome) the difficulty, he felt much more confident. 7. She ______ (not realize) the importance of health until she fell ill. 8. ______ (whenever) hard he tried, he could not solve the math problem. C. 句型转换 1. He went to bed after he finished his homework.（用not...until改写） 2. I will call you. I will arrive in Shanghai.（用as soon as合并为一句） 3. She has lived here since she was born.（对划线部分since she was born提问） 4. When I was walking home, it started to rain.（用while改写） 5. No matter when you need help, I will be there.（用whenever改写） 四、单元书面表达总结 （一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 第一段（开头，1-2句）：引入人物——用一两句话点明你要写的人是谁，他/她的最大特点是什么。可以用"Among all the people I admire, ... is the one who impresses me most."这样的句式开头。 核心句式： ① Among all the people I admire, ... is the one who impresses me most.（在我钦佩的所有人中，......是给我印象最深的人。） ② ... is a person who never gives up, no matter how difficult life is.（......是一个无论生活多么艰难都不放弃的人。） 第二段（中间1，3-4句）：描述困难与挑战——详细介绍这个人遇到了什么困难或挑战。要具体，让读者感受到困难的真实性和严重性。 核心句式： ① When he/she was ..., he/she was diagnosed with / faced ...（当他/她......时，被诊断出/面临......） ② ... robbed him/her of the ability to ...（......剥夺了他/她......的能力） 第三段（中间2，3-4句）：描述如何克服与成就——写他/她如何不放弃、坚持努力，以及取得了什么成就。重点突出"永不放弃"的精神。 核心句式： ① Despite ..., he/she never let ... stand in his/her way.（尽管......，他/她从不让......成为前进的阻碍。） ② Thanks to his/her strong will / positive attitude, he/she finally ...（多亏了他/她坚强的意志/积极的态度，他/她终于......） 第四段（结尾，1-2句）：总结感悟——表达你对这个人的评价或从他/她身上学到了什么。要真诚，有感染力。 核心句式： ① His/Her story teaches us that ...（他/她的故事教会我们......） ② Whenever I face a challenge, I think of ... and never give up.（每当面临挑战，我就会想起......，永不放弃。） （二）高分词汇/词组积累 高分词汇替换： 基础词 高分替换词 含义 例句 brave courageous 勇敢的 Hawking was courageous in fighting against his disease. famous well-known / recognized 著名的 He was recognized as one of the greatest scientists. hard challenging / tough 困难的 She faced challenging situations but never gave up. success achievement 成就 His scientific achievements changed our view of the universe. give up abandon / quit 放弃 He refused to abandon his dream despite the difficulties. important significant / meaningful 重要的 Her contribution to science is significant. try hard make efforts / strive 努力 He continued to make efforts to explain science. 高分词组： ① against all odds 尽管困难重重 ② stand in one's way 妨碍某人 ③ rob sb of sth 剥夺某人某物 ④ make a contribution to 对......做出贡献 ⑤ be diagnosed with 被诊断出患有 ⑥ a household name 家喻户晓的人物 ⑦ carry on 坚持；继续做 ⑧ thanks to 多亏；由于 （三）参考范文 A Person Who Never Gives Up Among all the people I admire, Stephen Hawking is the one who impresses me most. He was a great scientist who never gave up, no matter how difficult life was. When Hawking was just 21 years old, he was diagnosed with a terrible disease. The disease slowly robbed him of the ability to move his muscles. He was told he only had a few years to live. As his illness got worse, he had to use a wheelchair and speak through a computer. Despite his poor health, Hawking never let his illness stand in his way. He continued to work and made great contributions to science. His highly popular book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into more than 30 languages. He also tried to explain difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience. Hawking's story teaches us that however difficult life may seem, we should never give up. Whenever I face a challenge, I think of his courage and keep going. As he once said, "It matters that you don't just give up." （四）写作模板（万能模板） A Person Who Never Gives Up Among all the people I admire, ________ is the one who impresses me most. He/She is a person who never gives up, no matter how difficult life is.（引入人物，表明基本态度） When he/she was ________, he/she faced a great challenge — ________. This difficulty nearly ________.（描述遇到的困难或挑战） Despite all these difficulties, he/she never let ________ stand in his/her way. He/She continued to ________. Thanks to his/her strong will and positive attitude, he/she finally ________.（描述如何克服困难及取得的成就） His/Her story teaches us that ________. Whenever I face a challenge, I think of his/her courage and never give up.（总结感悟，升华主题） 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版新版九上英语Unit 3 Never Give Up 知识清单 （背诵版） 目录 一、核心词汇 2 二、核心词组 9 三、核心语法 10 （一）before、after、when和while引导的时间状语从句 10 （二）since、till和until引导的时间状语从句（单元重点） 12 （三）as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句 14 （四）语法练习题 16 四、单元书面表达总结 19 （一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 19 （二）高分词汇/词组积累 20 （三）参考范文 20 （四）写作模板（万能模板） 21 一、核心词汇 1. courage n.勇气；胆量 词形变换：动词形式 encourage（鼓励）；名词形式 encouragement（鼓励） 搭配：have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事；show courage 展现勇气；courage to fight against difficulties 与困难抗争的勇气 例句：Hawking had the courage to fight against his difficulties and never gave up. （霍金有与困难抗争的勇气，从不放弃。） 2. contribution n.贡献 词形变换：动词形式 contribute（贡献；促成）；contributor（贡献者；捐款人） 搭配：make a contribution/contributions to 对......做出贡献；contribute to 对......有贡献；促成 例句：Hawking was known for his contributions to science.（霍金因对科学的贡献而闻名。） 3. suffering n.痛苦；苦难 词形变换：动词形式 suffer（受苦；受难；变差）；suffer from 遭受（疾病等） 搭配：great suffering 巨大的痛苦；cause suffering 造成苦难；relieve suffering 减轻痛苦 例句：Stephen Hawking overcame great suffering in his life. （斯蒂芬·霍金克服了生活中的巨大痛苦。） 4. recognize vt.赞赏；公认；认识；辨别出 词形变换：名词形式 recognition（认出；承认；赞赏）；过去式/过去分词 recognized；现在分词 recognizing 搭配：be recognized as 被公认为；recognize sb/sth 认出某人/某物；recognize the importance of 认识到......的重要性 例句：Stephen Hawking was recognized as one of the greatest scientists of his time. （斯蒂芬·霍金被公认为是他那个时代最伟大的科学家之一。） 5. attitude n.态度 词形变换：复数形式 attitudes 搭配：a positive attitude 积极的态度；attitude towards/to 对......的态度；keep a positive attitude 保持积极的态度 例句：Hawking had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life. （霍金对生活有着令人惊讶的积极态度。） 6. audience n.读者；观众；听众 词形变换：复数形式 audiences（多场观众）；a large/wide audience 广大读者/观众 搭配：a wide audience 广大读者/观众；attract an audience 吸引观众；reach a wider audience 触达更广泛的受众 例句：Hawking was known for trying to explain difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience. （霍金因努力向更广泛的受众解释深奥的科学思想而闻名。） 7. overcome vt.克服；解决 词形变换：过去式 overcame；过去分词 overcome；现在分词 overcoming 搭配：overcome difficulties/challenges 克服困难/挑战；overcome obstacles 克服障碍；overcome fear 克服恐惧 例句：Hawking overcame great suffering in his life and continued his research. （霍金克服了生活中的巨大痛苦，继续他的研究。） 8. diagnose vt.诊断 词形变换：名词形式 diagnosis（诊断）；过去式/过去分词 diagnosed；现在分词 diagnosing 搭配：be diagnosed with 被诊断出患有......；diagnose a disease 诊断疾病 例句：He was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday. （他在21岁生日后不久被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病。） 9. inspiration n.鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；灵感 词形变换：动词形式 inspire（鼓舞；激发）；形容词形式 inspirational（鼓舞人心的） 搭配：be an inspiration to sb 是某人的精神榜样；draw inspiration from 从......中获得灵感；an inspiration to all 对所有人的鼓舞 例句：His story made him a household name and an inspiration to all. （他的故事使他家喻户晓，成为所有人的精神榜样。） 10. household n.家庭；一户 词形变换：形容词形式 household（家庭的；家用的）；household name 家喻户晓的人物 搭配：a household name 家喻户晓的人物；household products 家用产品；household income 家庭收入 例句：Stephen Hawking is a household name around the world. （斯蒂芬·霍金是世界各地家喻户晓的人物。） 11. further vt.促进；增进 词形变换：比较级 farther/further；最高级 farthest/furthest；注意：further 也可作副词表示"进一步" 搭配：further one's studies 深造；further one's career 推进事业；further the development of 促进......的发展 例句：He went to the University of Cambridge to further his studies. （他去了剑桥大学继续深造。） 12. rob vt.掠夺 词形变换：过去式/过去分词 robbed；现在分词 robbing；名词形式 robber（强盗）；robbery（抢劫） 搭配：rob sb of sth 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物）；rob a bank 抢银行 例句：This disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. （这种疾病慢慢剥夺人们活动肌肉的能力。） 13. muscle n.肌肉 词形变换：形容词形式 muscular（肌肉的；强壮的） 搭配：move one's muscles 活动肌肉；muscle strength 肌肉力量；pull a muscle 拉伤肌肉 例句：The disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. （这种疾病慢慢剥夺人们活动肌肉的能力。） 14. despite prep.尽管；即使 词形变换：注意：despite是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，不能接although 搭配：despite + n./pron./doing 尽管......；despite his poor health 尽管他身体不好；despite the fact that 尽管......这一事实 例句：Despite his poor health, Hawking's influence on modern science is great. （尽管身体不好，霍金对现代科学的影响是巨大的。） 15. universe n.宇宙 词形变换：形容词形式 universal（普遍的；全宇宙的）；universally（普遍地） 搭配：understand the universe better 更好地理解宇宙；the beginning of the universe 宇宙的起源；the view of the universe 对宇宙的认识 例句：Much of his work focused on understanding our universe better. （他的大部分工作集中在更好地理解我们的宇宙。） 16. continued adj.连续不断的 词形变换：动词形式 continue（继续）；continue to do/doing sth 继续做某事；名词形式 continuation（继续；延续） 搭配：continued efforts 不断的努力；continued success 持续的成功；continued support 持续的支持 例句：He was also known for his continued efforts in trying to explain scientific ideas. （他也因不断努力解释科学思想而闻名。） 17. scientific adj.科学的 词形变换：名词形式 science（科学）；副词形式 scientifically（科学地）；scientist（科学家） 搭配：scientific ideas/achievements 科学思想/成就；scientific research 科学研究；scientific method 科学方法 例句：Hawking tried to explain difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience. （霍金努力向更广泛的受众解释深奥的科学思想。） 18. highly adv.很；非常 词形变换：形容词形式 high（高的）；动词形式 heighten（提高）；名词形式 height（高度） 搭配：highly popular 非常受欢迎的；speak highly of 高度评价；highly recommended 强烈推荐的 例句：His highly popular book has been translated into more than 30 languages. （他那本非常受欢迎的书已被翻译成30多种语言。） 19. achievement n.成就 词形变换：动词形式 achieve（达到；取得）；achievable（可达到的） 搭配：scientific achievements 科学成就；a great achievement 伟大的成就；achieve one's goal 实现目标 例句：People remember not only his scientific achievements, but his courage. （人们不仅记得他的科学成就，还记住了他的勇气。） 20. however adv.不管多么 词形变换：注意：however 也可作副词表示"然而"，作"然而"时常位于句首或句中，用逗号隔开 搭配：however + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语 无论多么......；however difficult 无论多么困难；however hard 无论多么努力 例句：However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at. （无论生活看起来多么艰难，总有你可以做并取得成功的事情。） 21. whenever conj.无论何时 词形变换：类似词：whatever 无论什么；wherever 无论哪里；whoever 无论谁；however 无论怎样 搭配：whenever + 从句 每当......；whenever you like 无论你何时喜欢；whenever possible 只要有可能 例句：Whenever I face a challenge, I think about my role model. （每当面临挑战时，我就会想起我的榜样。） 22. shortly adv.不久 词形变换：形容词形式 short（短的；矮的） 搭配：shortly after 在......之后不久；shortly before 在......之前不久；shortly afterwards 不久之后 例句：He was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday. （他在21岁生日后不久被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病。） 23. yet conj.然而；但是 词形变换：注意：yet 也可作副词表示"还（没）"，常用于否定句和疑问句；have yet to do 尚未做某事 搭配：yet 还可用在否定句中；and yet 然而；have yet to do sth 尚未做某事 例句：He needed a wheelchair, yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life. （他需要轮椅，然而他对生活有着令人惊讶的积极态度。） 24. surprisingly adv.使人惊奇地 词形变换：动词形式 surprise（使惊奇）；形容词形式 surprising（令人惊讶的）；surprised（感到惊讶的）；名词形式 surprise（惊奇） 搭配：surprisingly positive 令人惊讶地积极；surprisingly good 出奇地好；not surprisingly 不足为奇 例句：He had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life. （他对生活有着令人惊讶的积极态度。） 25. challenging adj.有挑战性的 词形变换：动词形式 challenge（挑战）；名词形式 challenge（挑战）；过去式/过去分词 challenged 搭配：a challenging task 有挑战性的任务；find sth challenging 发现某事有挑战性；face a challenge 面临挑战 例句：Since I learnt about the amazing stories of Stephen Hawking, I have often thought of his example when I find something challenging.（自从了解了斯蒂芬·霍金令人惊叹的故事，每当遇到有挑战性的事情，我就会想起他的榜样。） 26. injure vt.伤害；使受伤 词形变换：名词形式 injury（伤害；受伤处）；过去式/过去分词 injured；现在分词 injuring；the injured 伤者 搭配：be injured 受伤；injure one's knee/shoulder 伤了膝盖/肩膀；seriously/badly injured 严重受伤 例句：He got injured when he was 12, and doctors said the same thing. （他12岁时受伤了，医生说了同样的话。） 27. compete vi.参加比赛；竞争 词形变换：名词形式 competition（比赛；竞争）；competitor（参赛者）；competitive（竞争的；有竞争力的）；过去式/过去分词 competed；现在分词 competing 搭配：compete in 参加（比赛）；compete with/against 与......竞争；compete for 为......而竞争 例句：Kieran Behan had the dream of competing in the Olympics from a young age. （基兰·贝汉从小就梦想参加奥运会比赛。） 28. performance n.表现；表演 词形变换：动词形式 perform（表演；执行）；performer（表演者）；过去式/过去分词 performed 搭配：amazing performance 出色的表现/表演；give a performance 进行表演；academic performance 学业表现 例句：The Olympic Games celebrate not only amazing performances, but also people's will. （奥运会不仅庆祝出色的表现，还赞颂人们的意志。） 29. will n.意志；毅力；意愿 词形变换：注意：will 作名词表示"意志"时，是不可数名词；will 也可作助动词构成将来时 搭配：a strong will 坚强的意志；the will to do sth 做某事的意愿；against one's will 违背意愿 例句：The Olympic Games celebrate people's will to keep going even when the way forward seems impossible.（奥运会赞颂人们即使前进之路看似不可能也坚持走下去的意志。） 30. gymnast n.体操运动员 词形变换：名词形式 gymnastics（体操）；形容词形式 gymnastic（体操的） 搭配：a professional gymnast 职业体操运动员；an Irish gymnast 爱尔兰体操运动员 例句：Kieran Behan, an Irish gymnast, had the dream of competing in the Olympics. （爱尔兰体操运动员基兰·贝汉梦想参加奥运会。） 31. musician n.音乐家 词形变换：名词形式 music（音乐）；形容词形式 musical（音乐的） 搭配：a great musician 伟大的音乐家；a world-famous musician 世界闻名的音乐家 例句：Beethoven was a great musician who kept writing music even after he lost his hearing. （贝多芬是一位伟大的音乐家，即使失聪后仍继续创作音乐。） 32. death n.死亡 词形变换：动词形式 die（死）；形容词形式 dead（死亡的）；dying（垂死的）；deadly（致命的） 搭配：after his death 在他死后；cause of death 死因；a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事 例句：After his death, people finally understood Van Gogh's contribution to the art world. （在他死后，人们终于理解了凡·高对艺术界的贡献。） 33. coach n.教练 词形变换：注意：coach 也可作动词表示"训练；指导" 搭配：my coach 我的教练；a football coach 足球教练；coach sb in sth 在某方面训练某人 例句：My coach was proud of me.（我的教练为我感到骄傲。） 二、核心词组 1. rob sb of sth 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物）（注意介词用of，不是from） 例句：The disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. （这种疾病慢慢剥夺人们活动肌肉的能力。） 2. stand in one's way 妨碍某人；阻止某人（注意one's要与主语一致，如his/her/my way） 例句：Hawking never let his illness stand in his way. （霍金从来没有让疾病成为他前进的阻碍。） 3. against the odds 尽管困难重重（odds在此意为"逆境；不利条件"） 例句：Paul struggles against all odds from childhood to youth and overcomes various challenges.（保罗从童年到青年都在逆境中抗争，克服了各种挑战。） 4. give up 放弃（后接名词或动词-ing形式：give up sth/doing sth） 例句：It matters that you don't just give up.（重要的是你不要放弃。） 5. carry on 继续做；坚持干（carry on with sth 继续做某事；carry on doing sth 继续做某事） 例句：We can carry on like bamboo till the hard time passes. （我们可以像竹子一样继续努力，直到困难的时刻过去。） 6. be diagnosed with 被诊断出患有......（疾病）（被动结构，注意介词用with） 例句：He was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday. （他在21岁生日后不久被诊断出患有一种可怕的疾病。） 7. household name 家喻户晓的人物（household在此作名词的定语，不是"家庭名字"的意思） 例句：His story made him a household name and an inspiration to all. （他的故事使他家喻户晓，成为所有人的精神榜样。） 8. make it (to) 获得成功；及时到达（口语中常用，表示克服困难达成目标） 例句：Finally, at the age of 23, his dream came true: he made it to the London 2012 Olympics. （终于，在23岁时，他的梦想实现了：他成功进入了2012年伦敦奥运会。） 9. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为（后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示感谢的对象） 例句：Thanks to his strong will, Yang finally got a chance to continue his dream. （多亏了强大的意志力，杨帆最后有机会继续他的梦想。） 10. not...until/till 直到......才（主句谓语为非延续性动词时，常用此结构，表示"直到......才发生"） 例句：I won't give up till I achieve my goal.（直到实现目标我才放弃。） 11. as soon as 一......就......（引导时间状语从句，主将从现） 例句：His experience gives me hope as soon as it comes to mind. （一想到他的经历，我就有了希望。） 三、核心语法 （一）before、after、when和while引导的时间状语从句（单元重点，必考易错点） 1. 定义 before、after、when和while都是引导时间状语从句的连词，用来表示主句动作发生的时间背景。简单来说，它们就是在告诉听者——"这件事发生在什么时候"。这四个词虽然都跟时间有关，但侧重点各有不同，咱们一个一个来看。 2. 详细用法 （1）before和after ★ before："在......之前"，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。理解起来很简单——主句先发生，before后面的事后发生。 例句1：He was sure about my success before the accident happened. （在事故发生之前，他对我的成功很有信心。） 例句2：Think twice before you make a decision.（在做决定之前要三思。） ★ after："在......之后"，和before正好相反，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后——after后面的事先发生，主句后发生。 例句1：After I recovered, I trained for four years.（我恢复之后，训练了四年。） 例句2：After he finished his homework, he went out to play.（他完成作业后，出去玩了。） （2）when和while的区别（重点！） 这是本单元最需要搞清的一组——when和while虽然都能翻译成"当......的时候"，但用法上有明确区别： ★ when："当......的时候"，既可以接延续性动词，也可以接瞬间动词。也就是说，when非常"百搭"，从句里的动词是延续的还是瞬间的，它都能搭配。 例句1：When I was a child, my dream was to become an Olympic swimmer. （当我小时候，我的梦想是成为奥运游泳选手。）——was是延续性动词 例句2：When my shoulder was better, I had to work hard to get back into shape. （当我的肩膀好转时，我必须努力恢复体形。）——was better表示状态变化 例句3：When he was just 10 years old, he fell ill. （当他刚10岁时，他生病了。）——fell ill是瞬间动作 ★ while："在......期间"，只能接延续性动词，强调两个动作同时进行，或者某事在另一事的持续期间发生。while从句里的动词一定要是"可以持续的"——像work、study、rain、sleep这类，而像arrive、stop、begin这类瞬间动词就不能和while搭配。 例句1：While I was training, I hurt my shoulder. （我在训练时伤了肩膀。）——was training是延续性动作 例句2：While he was walking near the water, he met a river god. （他在水边散步时遇到了河神。）——was walking是延续性动作 这里要特别注意一个（必记）的规律：while引导的从句常用过去进行时，强调"正在做某事的过程中"。考试中看到while，首先想到"同时进行"。 （3）从句位置与标点 这四个连词引导的从句可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。放在句首时，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开——这一点很多同学容易忽略。 句首：While I was training, I hurt my shoulder.（从句在前，逗号隔开） 句中：I hurt my shoulder while I was training.（从句在后，不用逗号） 3. 易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：while只能接延续性动词，不能接瞬间动词。 ❌ While he arrived, I was reading a book. ✅ When he arrived, I was reading a book. (arrive是瞬间动词，只能用when) 易错点2：从句位于句首时，忘记加逗号。 ❌ Before I left home I closed all the windows. ✅ Before I left home, I closed all the windows. 易错点3：when和while引导的从句用进行时，主句也用进行时——不需要。主句用什么时态取决于语境。 ❌ While I was walking, it was raining. ✅ While I was walking, it started to rain. (主句用一般过去时即可) （二）since、till和until引导的时间状语从句（单元重点） 1. 定义 since表示"自从......以来"，强调从某个时间点开始一直持续到现在或某个时间；till和until都表示"直到......"，表示某事一直持续到某个时间点为止。till和until意思基本相同，但在正式文体和句首更常用until。 2. 详细用法 （1）since引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句（现在完成时）+ since + 从句（一般过去时） since表示"自从......以来"，从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时。这是since最经典的搭配——从句给出"起点"，主句说从那个起点到现在发生了什么。 例句1：Since I learnt about the amazing stories of Stephen Hawking, I have often thought of his example.（自从了解了霍金令人惊叹的故事，我经常想起他的榜样。） 例句2：He has lived here since he was born.（自从他出生以来就一直住在这里。） 注意：since后面跟的是"时间起点"，所以从句动词用一般过去时，表示那个起点的动作已经完成了。 （2）till/until引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句 + till/until + 从句（"直到......才"） till和until意思相同，都表示"直到......"。在口语中till更常见，在书面语和正式场合until更常用。它们表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生为止。 例句1：I won't give up till I achieve my goal.（直到实现目标我才放弃。） 例句2：Hawking lived on and continued to work till he died at 76. （霍金一直活下来并继续工作，直到76岁去世。） （3）not...until结构（重点！） ★ not...until/till "直到......才" 这个结构非常常考。当主句谓语是go、leave、arrive、come等非延续性动词时，必须用not...until来表示"直到......才"。为什么呢？因为非延续性动词不能和"一直持续"搭配，所以要用否定——"没有......直到......"，翻译成"直到......才......"。 例句1：I won't leave until I finish my work.（直到完成工作我才离开。） 例句2：Many questions were too difficult for common people to understand until Hawking wrote his books.（直到霍金写了他的书，许多关于宇宙的问题对普通人来说才不再那么难以理解。） 这里再强调一个（易错点）：not...until结构中，not的位置在主句谓语动词上，不是在until从句里！ （4）从句位置 since可以放在句首或句中；till/until可以放在句首或句中，但till一般不放在句首——句首用until更正式。 句首：Until you dig it out, you can't tell whether it bears fruits or not. （直到挖出来，你才能判断它是否结果。） 句中：You can't tell whether it bears fruits or not until you dig it out.（同上，从句在后。） 3. 易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，不能搞反。 ❌ I knew him since I have been a child. ✅ I have known him since I was a child. 易错点2：非延续性动词（如leave, start, arrive）与until搭配时，必须用否定形式not...until。 ❌ He started until the rain stopped. ✅ He didn't start until the rain stopped. 易错点3：since作连词引导时间状语从句时，与since作"既然"引导原因状语从句不同，注意区分。 Since he came here, he has made many friends. （自从他来这儿，他交了很多朋友。）——since表示时间 Since everyone is here, let's start our meeting. （既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。）——since表示原因 （三）as soon as和whenever引导的时间状语从句 1. 定义 as soon as表示"一......就......"，强调两个动作紧密相连，前一个动作发生，后一个动作立刻跟着发生；whenever表示"无论何时"，相当于no matter when，强调在任何时间条件下从句的内容都成立。 2. 详细用法 （1）as soon as引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句 + as soon as + 从句（"一......就......"） as soon as强调"紧接性"——从句动作一发生，主句动作马上跟着发生。考试中经常考查主将从现的规则：主句用一般将来时，as soon as从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句1：His experience gives me hope as soon as it comes to mind. （一想到他的经历，我就有了希望。） 例句2：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. （我一到北京就给你打电话。）——主将从现 例句3：As soon as he finished his homework, he went out to play. （他一完成作业就出去玩了。）——主句和从句都用一般过去时 （2）whenever引导的时间状语从句 ★ 主句 + whenever + 从句（"无论何时/每当......"） whenever相当于"any time that"，语气比when更强，强调"不管什么时候，只要......就......"。它和when最大的区别是：when只说"某个时间"，whenever强调"任何时间都如此"。 例句1：Whenever I face a challenge, I think about my role model. （每当面临挑战时，我就会想起我的榜样。） 例句2：Whenever Hawking's name is mentioned, people remember his courage. （每当提到霍金的名字，人们就会想起他的勇气。） （3）从句位置 as soon as和whenever都可以放在句首或句中。放在句首时，从句后加逗号。 3. 易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。 ❌ I will tell him as soon as he will come back. ✅ I will tell him as soon as he comes back. 易错点2：whenever和when的区分——whenever强调"每一次/无论何时"，when只是"当......时"。 Whenever I see him, he is reading.（每次见到他，他都在读书。）——强调规律性 When I saw him, he was reading.（当我看到他时，他在读书。）——只描述某一次的情况 （四）语法练习题 A. 单项选择 1. ______ I was walking in the park, I met an old friend of mine. A. Before B. While C. After D. Until 答案：B 解析：考查when与while的区别。"我在公园散步"是延续性动作，用while更合适，强调两个动作同时进行。故选B。 2. He won't stop trying ______ he achieves his dream. A. since B. after C. until D. while 答案：C 解析：考查not...until结构。主句won't stop是否定形式，表示"直到......才停止"，搭配until。故选C。 3. ______ he heard the good news, he told his parents immediately. A. As soon as B. Until C. While D. Since 答案：A 解析：考查as soon as的用法。"一听到好消息就立刻告诉父母"，强调两个动作紧密相连，用as soon as。故选A。 4. I have lived in this city ______ I was born. A. when B. while C. before D. since 答案：D 解析：考查since引导时间状语从句。主句用现在完成时have lived，从句用一般过去时was born，搭配since表示"自从......以来"。故选D。 5. ______ difficult the problem is, we should never give up. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Wherever 答案：B 解析：考查however引导让步状语从句。however + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，表示"无论多么......"。故选B。 6. ______ I face a challenge, I think of Hawking's story. A. As soon as B. Until C. Whenever D. While 答案：C 解析：考查whenever的用法。"每当面临挑战时"都想起霍金的故事，强调"每一次"，用whenever。故选C。 7. The boy didn't go to bed ______ his mother came back. A. when B. while C. till D. after 答案：C 解析：考查not...until/till结构。didn't go是否定形式，表示"直到妈妈回来才去睡觉"，搭配till/until。故选C。 8. ______ Hawking lost the ability to speak, he continued his research. A. Because B. After C. Although D. While 答案：B 解析：考查after引导时间状语从句。"失去说话能力之后，他继续研究"，表示"在......之后"用after。故选B。 B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. While I ______ (read) a book, the phone rang. 答案：was reading 解析：while引导的从句强调"正在做某事时"，用过去进行时was reading。 2. He ______ (not stop) working until he finished the report. 答案：didn't stop 解析：not...until结构，stop是非延续性动词，需要用否定形式didn't stop。 3. I ______ (know) him since I was a child. 答案：have known 解析：since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时have known。 4. As soon as she ______ (arrive), she will call you. 答案：arrives 解析：as soon as引导时间状语从句，主将从现，从句用一般现在时arrives。 5. Whenever he ______ (face) a problem, he tries his best to solve it. 答案：faces 解析：whenever引导的时间状语从句，表示经常性的动作，用一般现在时faces。 6. After he ______ (overcome) the difficulty, he felt much more confident. 答案：had overcome 解析：after引导的从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时had overcome表示"先于"的关系。 7. She ______ (not realize) the importance of health until she fell ill. 答案：didn't realize 解析：not...until结构，主句用一般过去时的否定形式didn't realize。 8. ______ (whenever) hard he tried, he could not solve the math problem. 答案：However 解析：however + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，表示"无论多么......"。 C. 句型转换 1. He went to bed after he finished his homework.（用not...until改写） 答案：He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework. 解析：after改为not...until，主句动词went变为否定形式didn't go，意思从"做完作业后上床"变为"直到做完作业才上床"，语义一致。 2. I will call you. I will arrive in Shanghai.（用as soon as合并为一句） 答案：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Shanghai. 解析：as soon as连接两个句子，表示"一到上海就给你打电话"，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。 3. She has lived here since she was born.（对划线部分提问） 答案：How long has she lived here? 解析：since she was born表示时间段，用how long提问，主句has lived不变。 4. When I was walking home, it started to rain.（用while改写） 答案：While I was walking home, it started to rain. 解析：was walking是延续性动词，可以用while替换when，强调"在散步的过程中"开始下雨了。 5. No matter when you need help, I will be there.（用whenever改写） 答案：Whenever you need help, I will be there. 解析：whenever = no matter when，意思完全相同，直接替换即可。 四、单元书面表达总结 （一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 第一段（开头，1-2句）：引入人物——用一两句话点明你要写的人是谁，他/她的最大特点是什么。可以用"Among all the people I admire, ... is the one who impresses me most."这样的句式开头。 核心句式： 1 Among all the people I admire, ... is the one who impresses me most. （在我钦佩的所有人中，......是给我印象最深的人。） 2 ... is a person who never gives up, no matter how difficult life is. （......是一个无论生活多么艰难都不放弃的人。） 第二段（中间1，3-4句）：描述困难与挑战——详细介绍这个人遇到了什么困难或挑战。要具体，让读者感受到困难的真实性和严重性。 核心句式： ① When he/she was ..., he/she was diagnosed with / faced ...（当他/她......时，被诊断出/面临......） ② ... robbed him/her of the ability to ...（......剥夺了他/她......的能力） 第三段（中间2，3-4句）：描述如何克服与成就——写他/她如何不放弃、坚持努力，以及取得了什么成就。重点突出"永不放弃"的精神。 核心句式： 1 Despite ..., he/she never let ... stand in his/her way. （尽管......，他/她从不让......成为前进的阻碍。） 2 Thanks to his/her strong will / positive attitude, he/she finally ... （多亏了他/她坚强的意志/积极的态度，他/她终于......） 第四段（结尾，1-2句）：总结感悟——表达你对这个人的评价或从他/她身上学到了什么。要真诚，有感染力。 核心句式： ① His/Her story teaches us that ...（他/她的故事教会我们......） ② Whenever I face a challenge, I think of ... and never give up. （每当面临挑战，我就会想起......，永不放弃。） （二）高分词汇/词组积累 高分词汇替换： 基础词 高分替换词 含义 例句 brave courageous 勇敢的 Hawking was courageous in fighting against his disease. famous well-known / recognized 著名的 He was recognized as one of the greatest scientists. hard challenging / tough 困难的 She faced challenging situations but never gave up. success achievement 成就 His scientific achievements changed our view of the universe. give up abandon / quit 放弃 He refused to abandon his dream despite the difficulties. important significant / meaningful 重要的 Her contribution to science is significant. try hard make efforts / strive 努力 He continued to make efforts to explain science. 高分词组： ① against all odds 尽管困难重重 ② stand in one's way 妨碍某人 ③ rob sb of sth 剥夺某人某物 ④ make a contribution to 对......做出贡献 ⑤ be diagnosed with 被诊断出患有 ⑥ a household name 家喻户晓的人物 ⑦ carry on 坚持；继续做 ⑧ thanks to 多亏；由于 （三）参考范文 A Person Who Never Gives Up Among all the people I admire, Stephen Hawking is the one who impresses me most. He was a great scientist who never gave up, no matter how difficult life was. When Hawking was just 21 years old, he was diagnosed with a terrible disease. The disease slowly robbed him of the ability to move his muscles. He was told he only had a few years to live. As his illness got worse, he had to use a wheelchair and speak through a computer. Despite his poor health, Hawking never let his illness stand in his way. He continued to work and made great contributions to science. His highly popular book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into more than 30 languages. He also tried to explain difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience. Hawking's story teaches us that however difficult life may seem, we should never give up. Whenever I face a challenge, I think of his courage and keep going. As he once said, "It matters that you don't just give up." （四）写作模板（万能模板） A Person Who Never Gives Up Among all the people I admire, ________ is the one who impresses me most. He/She is a person who never gives up, no matter how difficult life is.（引入人物，表明基本态度） When he/she was ________, he/she faced a great challenge — ________. This difficulty nearly ________.（描述遇到的困难或挑战） Despite all these difficulties, he/she never let ________ stand in his/her way. He/She continued to ________. Thanks to his/her strong will and positive attitude, he/she finally ________.（描述如何克服困难及取得的成就） His/Her story teaches us that ________. Whenever I face a challenge, I think of his/her courage and never give up.（总结感悟，升华主题） 1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $