Giant meteorite strike may have helped life thrive on earth（课件）高一时文阅读说明文挑战

这是一份高中英语同步教学课件，围绕“陨石大撞击或有助于地球生命繁荣”时文展开，包含读前导入、语篇学习、知识点解析及拓展作业四大模块，通过问题引导、文本分析、习题训练、词汇聚焦、写作仿写等学习支架，助力高一学生掌握时文阅读与语言运用。 资料特色显著，以科学前沿主题激发兴趣，融合核心素养：语言能力方面，通过词义猜测、长难句分析及“spike”词汇仿写提升理解与表达；思维品质上，“牛刀小试”细节题培养分析推断能力；学习能力层面，拓展阅读对比S2与恐龙灭绝陨石，引导主动探究。能帮助学生夯实基础、拓宽视野，也为教师提供完整教学链条，适配高一学生适应高中学习、培养阅读思维的学情需求。

陨石大撞击或有助于 地球生命繁荣 Giant meteorite strike may helped life thrive on Earth 高一时文阅读 Contents 读前导入 走进语篇 知识点 拓展作业 Part 1 读前导入 1. What is the new assumption of the S2? 2. Can you guess what the impacts of the strike are according to the title? Part 2 走进语篇 话题 体裁 题型 字数 建议阅读时间 难度 陨石大撞击或有助于地球生命繁荣 说明文 选择题 366 8分钟 适中 走进语篇 Giant meteorite strike may helped life thrive on Earth ① The S2 meteorite, which is four times the size of Mount Everest, crashed into our planet around 3.26 billion years ago and such impacts are usually considered disastrous for life. But experts suggest the conditions caused by the impact of the space rock, which had a diameter of 37-58km, might have caused certain life forms to bloom. ② “We think of impact events as being disastrous for life,” said Nadja Drabon, an early-Earth geologist and assistant professor in the department of Earth and planetary sciences at the University of Harvard in the US. “But what this study is highlighting is that these impacts would have had benefits to life, especially early on ... these impacts might have actually allowed life to flourish.” 走进语篇 ③ S2 is estimated to have been up to 200 times larger than the meteorite that killed the dinosaurs. Analysis, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, suggests it triggered a tsunami that mixed up the ocean and flushed debris from the land into coastal areas. The top layer of the ocean boiled off due to the heat from the impact, which also heated the atmosphere, experts said, while a thick cloud of dust blanketed everything. But bacterial life rebounded quickly, according to the research, bringing sharp spikes in the populations of single-celled organisms that feed off phosphorus and iron. ④ Iron was likely stirred up from the deep ocean into shallow waters by the tsunami, while phosphorous was brought to the planet by the meteorite itself and from an increase of erosion on land, the scientists suggest. Iron-metabolising bacteria would have flourished in the immediate aftermath of the impact, Prof Drabon's findings indicate. Experts suggest such a shift towards iron-favouring bacteria could provide a snapshot of early life on Earth. 走进语篇 ⑤ Evidence of the impact of S2 can be found in South Africa's Barberton Greenstone belt today. “Picture yourself standing off the coast of Cape Cod, in a shelf of shallow water,” Dr Drabon said. “It's a low-energy environment, without strong currents. Then all of a sudden, you have a giant tsunami, sweeping by and ripping up the sea floor.” A. rebuild B. revive C. survive D. develop 牛刀小试 1. The word “bloom” in Paragraph 1 shows that certain life forms would ______. 根据第一段中出现的”disastrous”以及”But”转折词的出现，可以初步判断文中关于巨型陨石的观点是与普遍认为的灾难性看法相反，又根据下文中出现的”benefit”，细菌生物的大量出现确定bloom的词义是”生长，繁荣”类的词，而选B. 词义猜测题 B A. be rebuilt B. become numerous C. barely stay alive D. get back to normal ①But experts suggest ……, might have caused certain life forms to bloom. “But what this study is highlighting is that these impacts would have had benefits to life, especially early on ... these impacts might have actually allowed life to flourish.” 2. Which of the following is NOT a result caused by the S2 meteorite impact according to Paragraph 3? 牛刀小试 C A. A tsunami mixed up the ocean and flushed debris from the land into coastal areas. B. The top layer of the ocean boiled off and the impact also heated the atmosphere. C. A thick cloud of dust blanketed everything and all bacterial life died out forever. D. The populations of single-celled organisms grew sharply after the impact. ③ it triggered a tsunami that mixed up the ocean and flushed debris ... The top layer of the ocean boiled off due to the heat from the impact, which also heated the atmosphere, ... , while a thick cloud of dust blanketed everything. But bacterial life rebounded quickly, ... , bringing sharp spikes in the populations of single-celled organisms ... 2.题干限定依据第三段，选出不属于撞击带来的结果。本段说明撞击引发海啸、表层海水蒸发升温、尘埃覆盖大地，细菌数量大幅增长。C 项称尘埃让所有细菌永久消亡，与原文 “But bacterial life rebounded quickly” 转折内容相悖；A、B、D 均为原文明确提及的撞击结果，故选 C 项。 细节理解题 细节理解题 牛刀小试 题干询问撞击有益于早期生命的原因。文中第四段说明海啸将深海铁带到浅海，陨石与陆地侵蚀带来磷，充足铁、磷养分供给单细胞生物繁衍。A 项 S2 陨石灭绝恐龙属于无关信息；B 项撞击创造全新细菌无原文依据；D 项陷阱表述，铁并非由陨石携带至海洋，而是来自深海，三项均错误，故选 C 项。 细节理解题 3. Why did the S2 meteorite impact bring benefits to early life on Earth? C A. S2 meteorite killed the dinosaurs and made space for primitive life forms. B. S2 meteorite created new types of bacterial life living in the ocean. C. S2 meteorite supplied abundant iron and phosphorus for single-celled organisms. D. S2 meteorite carried iron to oceans that made iron-favouring bacteria flourish. ③ S2 is estimated to have been up to 200 times larger than the meteorite that killed the dinosaurs. ... bringing sharp spikes in the populations of single-celled organisms that feed off phosphorus and iron. ④ Iron was likely stirred up from the deep ocean into shallow waters by the tsunami, ... Iron-metabolising bacteria would have flourished in the immediate aftermath of the impact, .... 牛刀小试 B A. S2 meteorite caused the extinction of the dinosaurs on Earth. B. The S2 impact is not merely destructive to life as most people believe. C. High heat after the impact completely wiped out all marine bacteria forever. D. Phosphorus that fed ancient single-celled organisms only came from the S2 meteorite. 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ② “We think of impact events as being disastrous for life,” ... “But what this study is highlighting is that these impacts would have had benefits to life, especially early on ... these impacts might have actually allowed life to flourish.” 细节理解题 题干要求选出符合原文的表述。A 项 S2 陨石造成恐龙灭绝与原文不符，灭绝恐龙的是另一颗陨石；C 项高温彻底消灭所有海洋细菌，和第三段细菌快速繁殖的内容矛盾；D 项 only 绝对词设陷阱，磷除陨石外还来自陆地侵蚀；B 项表述和文章两段 But 引出的专家观点一致，撞击不只有破坏作用，故选 B 项。 课后活动——段落大意及文章结构 Giant meteorite strike may helped life thrive on Earth general - specific para 1: What is S2 and a "bloom" assumption para 2: an explanation by a professor to "bloom" assumption general - specific para 3: direct impacts and indirect impacts caused by S2 strike para 4: how did the indirect impacts operate conclusion para 5: how shocked the huge impacts were Part 3 知识点 词汇聚焦 diameter ['daɪ'æmɪtə] n. flush [flʌʃ] v. debris ['debri:] n. rebound [rɪ'baʊnd] v. spike [spaɪk] v. phosphorus ['fɒsf(ə)rəs] n. erosion [ɪ'rəʊʒn] n. metabolize [ mi'tæbəlaiz] v. aftermath ['ɑːftəmæθ] n. blanket ['blæŋkɪt] v. rip up 直径；对径 （用水）冲洗净, 冲洗; 冲走；脸红; 冲洗（马桶） 碎片; 残骸 弹回, 反弹; 回升, 反弹 激增 磷〔一种化学元素，符号为P〕 〔风、雨或海水的〕侵蚀，腐蚀; 逐步毁坏，削弱 新陈代谢 〔战争、风暴、事故等的〕后果, 余殃, 余波 覆盖, 笼罩 把某物撕碎 词汇练习 一、英英释义匹配 1. the situation that exists as a result of an important event. 2. a sudden large increase in the number or rate of something. 3. the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind, rain, or the sea. 4. the pieces of something that are left after it has been destroyed in an accident, explosion etc. 5. to change food in your body into energy and new cells(细胞), using chemical processes. spike　　　　　　　　   erosion　　　　　　   aftermath　　　　　   debris　　　　　　     metabolize　　　　 词汇练习 The sharp post-pandemic __________ in grades is not unique to Yale. She __________ the letter into tiny pieces. Everything was covered by dust and __________. It is a huge job to control Yellow River __________. I'm here to see the __________ of last night's unfortunate event. rip up, spike, erosion, aftermath, debris 二、选词填空 debris ripped up erosion spike aftermath 长难句分析 【分析】本句中存在两个从句，分别是引导词为________的主语从句和引导词为_________表语从句。主句为_____________________________________________。 译文： But what this study is highlighting is that these impacts would have had benefits to life, especially early on ... these impacts might have actually allowed life to flourish. what that what this study is highlighting …… 但这项研究想要强调的是，这些撞击其实会对生命产生有利影响。 写作训练 【仿写】人工智能快速普及，大量重复性岗位被机器替代；由此带来失业率急剧上升（使用 spike），年轻人求职压力加大。（可以试着用英文写一段话来描写上述现象。） spike本意指“尖状物；尖头；尖刺”，本文中意为“猛增；急升”，是一种数量或比率上的突然增长，例如a spike in oil prices 油价的急剧上涨。 spike也可作动词，表示“迅速升值；急剧增值”，在作文中我们可以用spike代替rise, increase sharply, 举个例子：在”物价上涨”话题中，我们可以这样写 ： Food prices, like fruit, vegetables and meat have all spiked in the last year. 像水果、蔬菜和肉类等食物的价格在去年都大幅上涨。 With AI developing rapidly, many repetitive jobs are taken over by intelligent machines. As a result, the unemployment rate has spiked, bringing heavy job-hunting pressure to young people. 随着人工智能飞速发展，大量重复性工作被智能机器取代。失业率随之急剧飙升，给年轻人带来了巨大的求职压力。 Part 4 拓展作业 拓展阅读 Waves of destruction ①The S2 meteorite was between 23 and 36 miles (37 and 58 kilometers) in diameter as it struck the planet. The effects were swift and ruthless, Drabon said. ②“Picture yourself standing off the coast of Cape Cod, in a shelf of shallow water,” Drabon said. “It’s a low-energy environment, without strong currents. Then all of a sudden, you have a giant tsunami, sweeping by and ripping up the seafloor.” ③The tsunami swept across the globe, and heat from the impact was so intense that it boiled off the top layer of the ocean. When oceans boil and evaporate(蒸发), they form salts such as those observed in the rocks directly after the impact, Drabon said. ④Dust injected into the atmosphere from the impact darkened the skies within hours, even on the opposite side of the planet. The atmosphere heated up, and the thick dust cloud prevented microbes from converting(使转变) sunlight into energy. Any life on land or in shallow waters would have felt the adverse(逆向的) effects immediately, and those effects would have persisted from a few years to decades. 绿色字体为课本单词 红色字体为此次生词 拓展阅读 ⑤Eventually, rain would have brought back the top layers of the ocean, and the dust settled. ⑥But the deep ocean environment was another story. The tsunami churned up elements such as iron and brought them to the surface. Meanwhile, erosion helped wash coastal debris into the sea and released phosphorus from the meteorite. The lab analysis showed a spike in the presence of single-celled organisms that feed off iron and phosphorus immediately after the impact. ⑦Life rapidly recovered, and then it thrived(繁荣), Drabon said. ⑧“Before the impact, there was some, but not much, life in the oceans due to the lack of nutrients and electron donors such as iron in the shallow water,” she said. “The impact released essential nutrients, such as phosphorus, on a global scale. A student aptly called this impact a ‘fertilizer(肥料) bomb.’ Overall, this is very good news for the evolution of early life on Earth, as impacts would have been much more frequent during the early stages of life’s evolution than they are today.” 拓展阅读 How Earth responds to direct hits ①The S2 and Chicxulub asteroid impacts had different consequences due to the space rocks’ respective(分别的) sizes and the stage the planet was in when each one struck, Drabon said. ②The Chicxulub impactor struck a carbonate platform on Earth, which released sulfur into the atmosphere. The emissions formed aerosols that caused a sharp, extreme drop in surface temperatures. ③And while both impacts caused significant die-offs, hardy, sunlight-dependent microorganisms in shallow waters would have rapidly recovered after the S2 impact once the oceans filled back in and the dust settled, Drabon said. ④“Life during the time of the S2 impact was much simpler,” she said. “Consider brushing your teeth in the morning: You might eliminate(消除) 99.9% of bacteria, but by evening, they have returned.” 拓展阅读 ⑤Ben Weiss, the Robert R. Shrock Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was intrigued(被……吸引) by the geological observations of the spherule beds in the paper, which he believes are allowing researchers to explore Earth’s ancient impact record the way astronomers can study the surfaces of planets like Mars. ⑥“We aim to determine how common these environmental changes and biological responses were after other impact events in early Earth’s history,” she said. “Since the effect of each impact depends on various factors, we want to assess how frequently such positive and negative effects on life occurred.” writing task 假定你是李华，上周五英语课上老师分享了一篇关于远古 S2 陨石撞击地球的科研报道，请你给英国好友 Chris 写一封邮件分享该报道，内容包括： 1. 报道主要内容：32.6 亿年前巨型陨石 S2 撞击地球，灾难环境却催生养分，使单细胞生物数量大幅激增（必须用到短语 sharp spikes）； 2. 你的两点感想：激发对生命起源的好奇、拓宽行星科学视野； 3. 感慨科研让人类了解地球远古历史与生命本源。 Dear Chris, I’m writing to share you an article I’ve read in English class last Friday. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua Our English teacher introduced a report on the S2 meteorite, a huge rock that crashed into Earth 3.26 billion years ago. Though the impact caused severe disasters, it released abundant nutrients for primitive bacteria, resulting in sharp spikes in single-celled organisms. This discovery fills me with curiosity about the origin of life. It also broadens my horizons of planetary science, offering knowledge beyond textbooks. I’m grateful to scientists for uncovering Earth’s ancient past, which helps us better understand the source of life on our planet. Looking forward to your reply. Thanks $