选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE（PPT课件）-【满分思维】2027年高考一轮总复习·英语（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件围绕“逆境与勇气”主题，覆盖核心词汇、重点句型、阅读理解及写作模块，依据高考评价体系梳理了词汇转换、虚拟语气、细节理解等高频考点，通过“研考点·核心突破”分析各题型权重，归纳单句语法填空、一句多译等常考形式，体现备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“研真题·链接高考”模块，以2024全国甲卷阅读理解C为例，解析细节理解、推理判断题的答题技巧，总结高频词块和复杂句式破解方法，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。“测效果·课堂评价”通过分层级语法填空和话题微写作，帮助学生掌握应试策略，教师可据此精准指导，提升复习效率。

UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 主题语境:人与自然—— 探险 36篇美文助记新课标3100词汇 One hundred years ago,exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the cruel weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic,the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died. The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low wages and had to tolerate miserable working conditions and rough seas,along with the bitter cold and damp weather.Also,they had to have a strong motive to finish what they had started despite so many adversities,as well as great personal discipline,endurance,perseverance,and a firm commitment to the other crew members.Yet,many candidates still applied to join such expeditions.Some might be eager for fame.Others were enthusiastic about rewards.However,the resolution for many was to experience a great adventure. 研考点•核心突破 测效果•课堂评价 目 录 索 引 研真题•链接高考 研考点•核心突破 核心词汇突破 1.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify v.使有资格→qualification n.资格;资历 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①The competition results qualified him 　　　　　　　　(represent) his school in the national chess tournament.  ②There is no doubt that you are 　　　　　　　　(qualify) enough and experienced in presenting your ideas,because of your abundant skills.  to represent qualified [写美]　一句多译·背诵 ③我参加过几个类似的活动,这使我能胜任志愿者工作。 →I have taken part in several similar activities,which 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(qualify)  →I have taken part in several similar activities,and I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(qualification)  will qualify me for the voluntary work will have the qualification for the voluntary work 归纳　(1)be qualified for/to do sth.有……的资格/有资格做某事 (2)qualify sb.for sth./to do sth.使某人有资格做某事 (3)have the qualification for/to do sth.有……的资格/有资格做某事 gain/acquire qualification获得资格 积累　Now that you have gained your teaching qualification,I am sure you will be qualified for the job they advertised in the newspaper. 既然你已经获得了教学资格,我确信你能胜任他们在报纸上刊登的那份工作。 2.turn down 拒绝;调低(音量) [练会]　单句语法填空 ①If you turn 　　　　　　,you might find it easier to get to sleep.  ②Don’t worry,and I’m sure your missing glasses will turn 　　　　　sooner or later.　　　　 原因状语  ③Not knowing how to deal with the problem,I turned 　　　　　the teacher for help.  [写美]　词汇和句式升级·背诵 ④Because he didn’t make full preparations for the interview,he was refused. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was 　　　　　 　　.(非谓语动词作原因状语)  over up to Not having made full preparations for the interview turned down 归纳　turn over 移交;翻转 turn out 关掉;熄灭;到场;结果是 turn up 开大,调高;出现 turn to 转向;求助于 点津　如果宾语为代词,需要把代词放在turn与down之间。 积累　He promised that he would come,but he hasn’t turned up yet. 他承诺会来,但还没出现。 3.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的→enthusiasm n.热情;热忱→enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①Learning that you are enthusiastic 　　　　　traditional Chinese culture,I am writing to invite you to a lecture on Confucianism.(应用文之邀请信)  ②She learned English with 　　　　　　　,participating in discussions and answering questions 　　　　　　　.(enthusiastic)  ③They still made popcorn 　　　　　enthusiasm in spite of several failures, believing that with each attempt,they were getting closer to perfecting their recipe.  about enthusiasm enthusiastically with [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④我不仅热情而且容易相处,这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(应用文之申请信) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　,which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.  I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with 归纳　(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对(做)……热情 be enthusiastic to do sth.对做某事有热情 (2) lack/full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情 with enthusiasm热情地 积累　When I visited the village,the local people were very enthusiastic to tell me a legend.(应用文之活动介绍) 当我参观这个村庄时,当地人非常热情地给我讲了一个传说。 4.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)　n.木板;董事会;伙食→broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的→abroad adv.在/到国外;在/到海外 [练会]　补全句子 ①He was tall 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(有宽阔的肩膀和胡子) and always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(笑容满面).  ②Learning that you will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(去国外深造),I’m writing to inform you of some necessary do’s and don’ts.  with broad shoulders and a beard wore a broad smile go abroad for further study [写美]　一句多译·背诵 ③我满怀期待地登上了飞机,迫不及待地想要出国去探索那些世界奇观。 →I eagerly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,eager to go abroad and explore the wonders of the world.(aboard)  →I eagerly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,eager to go abroad and explore the wonders of the world.(board)  went aboard the airplane boarded the airplane 归纳　(1)go aboard上船(飞机、火车等) (2)on board 在船(火车或飞机)上 go abroad出国 积累　The plane crashed,killing all 200 people aboard. 飞机失事﹐机上200人全部遇难。 According to the airline rules,we suggest you (should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding the plane. 根据航空公司的规定,我们建议你在登机前关闭手机。 5.envy n.& vt.羡慕;忌妒→envious adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①He said 　　　　　　envy,“I am 　　　　　　(envy) of you,because you are leading such a cosy and decent life.”  ②I 　　　　　　(envy) him being enthusiastic and full of vigour and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.  ③She saw the 　　　　　　(envy) look in the other people’s eyes when she was assigned to the most decent job.  [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④老实说,我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号,我应该向你学习。 Honestly speaking,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.  with envious envied envious do envy you getting the title of 归纳　(1)envy sb.(doing) sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 (2)with envy羡慕地;嫉妒地 green with envy嫉妒地眼红 (3) be envious of羡慕,嫉妒 积累　Don’t let envy consume you;focus on your own journey and strive for excellence.(读后续写之主旨升华) 不要让嫉妒吞噬你;专注于自己的旅程,努力追求卓越。 6.abandon vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的;放纵的 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①After several failed attempts,they decided to abandon 　　　　　　(try) to solve the difficult math problem and ask the teacher for help instead.  ②We sang,danced,and laughed 　　　　　　abandon,forgetting the troubles in our lives.(读后续写之情感描写)  [写美]　微写作·背诵 ③他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来,陷入绝望。(读后续写之情感描写) His last sentence went like a bullet to her heart. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  trying with She burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair 归纳　(1)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 abandon oneself to/be abandoned to (doing) sth.沉湎于(做)…… (2)with abandon放纵地;放任地 积累　Feeling frustrated,I found I completely abandoned myself to(playing) computer games. 我感到沮丧,我发现自己完全沉溺于玩电脑游戏。 ★补遗缺　微点练全 Ⅰ.一词多义——语段练 1.Sudden typhoons stirred up rough① seas,making our fishing boat sway violently.The entire voyage grew rough②—we couldn’t cook or rest well for two days.When we finally reached the shore,we had to walk along a rough③ path to the village,our feet sore from sharp stones.Our rough④ estimate of the remaining supplies was wrong,and we soon ran out of fresh water. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  ④                            adj.汹涌的　 adj.艰难的　 adj.崎岖不平的 adj.粗略的 2.In a bitter① winter,she failed her important exam and felt bitter② about the unfair review process.Bitter③ tears soaked her notebook as she thought about her months of hard work.To make things worse,she caught a high fever and had to take extremely bitter④ medicine three times a day. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  ④                            adj.(天气) 严寒的　 adj.愤愤不平的　 adj.痛苦的 adj.味苦的 3.The ancient pine’s rough bark① carried marks left by lightning,while a dog’s sharp bark② came from the farm nearby,scaring off the stealing crows.“Why did you break into my yard?” the farmer barked③ at the stranger hiding behind the fence. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  n.树皮　 n.吠叫声　 v.厉声质问 Ⅱ.熟词生义——表中填 1.freeze 项目 意义 例句 熟 义 v.     Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0℃. vi.      Most soups freeze well. 生 义 vi.      Freeze,or I’ll fire. vi.      My old bicycle was so rusty that the gears had frozen. vt.      The government has frozen pensions until the end of next year. (使)冻结,(使)结冰 冷冻保存(食物) (尤指出于恐惧等)停住不动 (引擎或锁)卡住,堵塞 使(工资、物价等)固定不变,阻止……增长;冻结 2.low 项目 意义 例句 熟 义 adj.                         When we went skiing,I only went on the lower slopes. adj.                          They spoke in low voices so I would not hear what they were saying. 生 义 adj.                           Illness of any sort can leave you feeling low. adj.                           I have a very low opinion of him. 低的;矮的 (声)低的,小的 忧郁的,情绪低落的,消沉的 低劣的,劣等的 Ⅲ.写作词汇——语篇串 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在他们那严酷的冬季航程中), the crew 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(面对下沉的轮船和难熬的严寒).The captain assigned tasks calmly,3.     (敦促大家坚持不懈).A thorough check found a small leak,but unfortunately, their tools were limited.4.　　　　　　　　　　　(他们真正的动机)—saving each other—kept them going,and they finally reached land after days of struggle.  During their bitter winter voyage faced a sinking ship and miserable cold urging everyone to persevere Their genuine motive 重点句型透视 if引导虚拟条件句 [教材原句] If it weren’t for sea animals,we would all starve.如果没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死。 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①If I 　　　　　　(have) enough money,I would definitely travel around the world and explore every corner of this beautiful planet.  ②Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week?If you 　　　　(tell) me,I could have helped.  ③If it 　　　　　　　 　　　　(rain) tomorrow,we would cancel our outdoor picnic plans.  had had told were to rain/rained/should rain [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文之演讲稿) I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.Today the topic of my speech is “　　　　　　　　　　　　　”.　　　　　　　　　　　, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with no rubbish lying on the street.  If I were a dustman If I were a dustman I would make our city cleaner 归纳　 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 一般过去时(be用were);should+动词原形;were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形 积累　If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow,I would inform him of the good news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday. 如果我明天看到他,我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。 测效果•课堂评价 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——分层级强化高频考点 题组A　基础必练 1.After passing the final exam,he was finally qualified 　　　　　　　(join) the advanced math class,which he had been working hard for all year.  2.Tom is enthusiastic 　　　　　　learning new languages and spends hours every weekend practicing Spanish and French.  3.The children looked 　　　　　　envy at the kid who won the big prize.  4.When the teacher called my name unexpectedly,I had a 　　　　　　(sink) feeling that I was in trouble.  5.He didn’t want to abandon 　　　　　　(write) his story,even though he was struggling to come up with ideas.  to join about with sinking writing 题组B　高考链接 6.(2025全国一卷) 　　　　　　　　(fortunate),analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.  7.(2025浙江1月卷) Even the most engaged and 　　　　　　(commit) audience will eventually get bored.  8.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile 　　　　　(apply).  9.(2024北京卷)Typically,　　　　　　(cruel) and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation,humbleness and courage are praised.  Fortunately committed application cruelty Ⅱ.构词法规则——语境中突破派生词汇 构词法 动词后缀-ize/-ise表示“以……方式对待,使形成” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.I sympathized with him immediately.　　　　　　  2.(2023全国甲卷)She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures...” 　　　　　　　  3.(2023北京卷)Mangroves,known as “red forest” in China,grow between land and sea,characterised by their complex roots.　　　　　　　  同情 使个性化 以……为特征 4.The overall development of China over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China. 　　　　　　　  5.You can showcase garbage classification on site,plant trees and publicize sharing economy,which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”. 　　　　　　　  使熟悉 宣传,推广 Ⅲ.话题微写作——场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达) 续写微情景 第一步:单句写作 1.得知儿子汤姆沉湎于电脑游戏,妈妈的心一沉,接着伤心地哭了起来。(abandon,sink,bitterly) Learning that her son,Tom,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, 　　　　　　　　　　　　 and then she 　　　　　　　　.  2.她勃然大怒,厉声质问汤姆,“你一直都是一个如此好脾气、真诚、热情、忠诚的男孩子,其他人都羡慕你。”(bark,good-tempered,genuine,enthusiastic, loyal,envy) She exploded with anger and 　　　　　　　　　　　　,“You are always such 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .” was abandoned to computer games the mother’s heart sank wept bitterly barked questions at Tom a good-tempered,genuine,enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy you 3.汤姆痛苦地抽泣道:“我不知道如何解决上次考试完全失败的问题。”(miserably,resolve) Tom 　　　　　　　　　,“I don’t know how to     in the last exam.”  4.听到这里,妈妈冲向汤姆,把他揽入怀中,拍着他的后背,喃喃细语道:“如果你致力于学习,你会取得更大进步的。”(commit) Hearing this,the mother hurried to Tom,gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back,murmuring,“If 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you can make much more progress.”  sobbed miserably resolve the complete failure you are committed to your study 第二步:句式升级 5.用as long as改写句4 Hearing this,the mother hurried to Tom,gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back,murmuring,“As long as you are committed to your study,you can make much more progress.” 第三步:连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词) Learning that her son,Tom,was abandoned to computer games,the mother’s heart sank and then she wept bitterly.Then,she exploded with anger and barked questions at Tom,“You are always such a good-tempered,genuine, enthusiastic and loyal boy that others envy you.”Tom sobbed miserably,“I don’t know how to resolve the complete failure in the last exam.”Hearing this, the mother hurried to Tom,gathered him into her arms and patted him on the back,murmuring,“As long as you are committed to your study,you can make much more progress.” 研真题•链接高考 (2024全国甲卷,阅读理解C) The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村) populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke,a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,”says Ducke.“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.” 一、理清脉络 C D E A B 为语篇匹配合适的段落大意 A.圣卢卡斯列车每年运行 10 个月,两周停靠约 8 站,返回首府补给后下月再开始,站点访问间隔约一年。 B.医生每天接诊多,列车能做基本检查,杜克称赞医生,称其对农村人获取治疗很重要。 C.圣卢卡斯列车是俄政府资助的医疗列车之一,只收病人,前往偏远城镇,每站停留两天为农村人口提供医疗服务。 D.德国摄影师埃米尔·杜克 11 月与圣卢卡斯工作人员同行,称人们早早就排队预约。 E.俄罗斯公共医疗保健服务急需现代化,政府努力解决,在贫困农村地区采取措施。 二、真题再做 28.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A.It runs across countries. B.It reserves seats for the seniors. C.It functions as a hospital. D.It travels along a river. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,Saint Lukas 列车只允许病人乘坐,是政府资助的一辆医疗列车,列车上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此,该列车与其他列车的不同之处在于它的作用相当于一家医院。 29.What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A.It is heavily populated. B.It offers training for doctors. C.It is a modern city. D.It needs medical aid. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,...to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.”可知,政府激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。由此推测,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。 30.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A.About a year. B.About ten months. C.About two months. D.About two weeks. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock.”可知,该列车会在大约八个站点停留两周多,然后返回补充燃料和进行补给。由此可知,该列车进行一次补给后可工作大约两周。 31.What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A.Appreciative.　　　　 B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的话“I was very impressed...”以及“They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”可知,Ducke 对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。 三、语言能力 1.巧用构词猜词 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句 appointment “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke,a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. modernization Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. appoint modernize n.预约 n.现代化 2.牢记熟词生义 单词 词性及词义 例句 measure 　　　　　　　　　  The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. n.措施 3.积累高频词块 (1)on board                                              (2)in serious need of                                              (3)come up with                                              (4)allow for                                              (5)function as                                              (6)be impressed by                                              4.妙用同义转述(用文中的词汇替换加黑词汇) (1)start lining up                                             (2)increase financial aid programs                                             在火车上(或船上、飞机上)　 急需　 想到,提出 使……有可能　 作……用,具有……功能　 对……印象深刻 queuing　 expand 5.破解复杂句式 The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 分析:动词不定式to address the problem作　　　　　语,修饰　　　　　　;现在分词短语including...也作后置定语,修饰measures。动词-ing短语arranging...和expanding...作including的宾语。动词不定式to motivate作目的状语。动词不定式to practice作宾语补足语。  后置定 measures 译文: 政府一直在努力想出解决这一问题的措施,特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的乡村地区,包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约,扩大财政援助项目,以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。 $