必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（PPT课件）-【满分思维】2027年高考一轮总复习·英语（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“人与自我——语言学习”主题，依据高考评价体系梳理核心词汇（如refer, base, demand等）、重点句型（如be of+抽象名词、no matter where...）及阅读写作考点，通过单句语法填空、微写作等题型归纳高频考点分布，构建系统备考框架，体现高考考查要求的针对性。 课件亮点在于“真题训练+素养提升”，如结合2025全国一卷阅读D篇，解析微塑料污染主题的推理判断题和细节理解题，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设核心词汇“练会-写美-归纳”模块及微写作背诵素材，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可借此精准指导，助力学生高效冲刺高考。

UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 主题语境:人与自我—— 语言学习 36篇美文助记新课标3100词汇 Conquering The Economist:A Reader’s Dilemma Reading English journals has been a big headache for me recently,so I’m writing to seek your specific advice.Three months ago,I began my journey with The Economist but I soon felt overwhelmed when exposed to so many unfamiliar words.Hard as I tried to refer to dictionaries,sometimes I couldn’t make sense of the whole sentence,let alone the whole passage.Meanwhile,I have worked hard to enlarge my vocabulary by reading varieties of classic novels. Despite attempts and efforts,those English journals defeat me and I am now still a struggling reader in a sea of new words.Given your expertise in language teaching,I would appreciate it if you could give me some guidance. 研考点•核心突破 测效果•课堂评价 目 录 索 引 研真题•链接高考 研考点•核心突破 核心词汇突破 1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅　vt.查询;叫……求助于→reference n.提及,涉及;参考;参考书目 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①There are varieties of 　　　　　　(refer) books designed for English beginners and you can choose whichever are suitable for you.  ②I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations,or the UN,as it is more often 　　　　　　(refer) to.  ③When there is a dispute that cannot be resolved among colleagues,it is necessary to refer it 　　　　　　the supervisor for a fair judgment.  reference referred to [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④剪纸通常用于装饰门窗,因此有时被称为窗花。(应用文之传统文化) Generally,the paper-cuts are used to decorate doors and windows,and thus sometimes 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  ⑤(2024北京卷)我写信是为了介绍一些关于中国近年来所取得的成就方面的信息。 I am writing to introduce some information 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　.  they are referred to as Chuanghua in/with reference to China’s achievements in recent years 归纳　(1)refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅 refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考…… refer to...as...把……称作…… (2) in/with reference to sb./sth.关于 点津　refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”,再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。 引导非限制性定语从句 积累　The West Lake,a world-renowned attraction,which is located in Hangzhou,is referred to as Heaven on Earth.(应用文之推荐信) 西湖是世界著名的旅游胜地,它位于杭州,被称为人间天堂。 2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据→basis n.基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.基本上;大体上 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①I attend yoga classes to maintain my physical and mental well-being on a regular 　　　　　　(base).  ②On the 　　　　　　(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.  ③Learning that you are to visit a Chinese family this weekend,I’m writing to inform you of/about some 　　　　　　(base) table manners.  basis basis basic [写美]　句式升级·背诵　　　　　　　　　　　　　很值得读 ④The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.  →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the novel was well worth reading. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)  →The novel 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　was well worth reading. (用过去分词短语作定语改写)   Based on an interesting story based on an interesting story 归纳　(1)base...on/upon.../be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据 (2)on the basis of...根据……;在……的基础上 on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 积累　Just as the saying goes,“One tree doesn’t make a forest”,our success is based on/upon cooperating with others.(读后续写之主旨升华) 正如谚语所言:“独木难成林”,我们的成功是建立在与他人合作的基础上的。 3.date back (to...) 追溯到 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①Of course,showing respect and admiration to elders is a Chinese tradition 　　　　　　(date) back to ancient times.  ②(2021北京卷)Would you mind if I suggested setting a date 　　　　　the outing next Sunday afternoon?  ③To date,no effective treatment 　　　　　　　　　　　　(find) for the disease,making prevention crucial.  dating for has been found [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④The ancient temple in the town                             (追溯到数百年前).Its grand architecture is a wonder to behold.But when it comes to the guidebooks used by tourists,some are 　　　　　　(过时的). Tourist centers should ensure that they can offer materials 　　　　　　(最新的) to visitors.  dates from/back to hundreds of years ago out of date up to date 归纳　(1)up to date 时髦的 out of date 过时的 to date 迄今;到目前为止 set a date for...确定……的日期 (2)go back to 追溯到…… 点津　(1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。 (2)date back to和date from作后置定语时,常用现在分词形式。 积累　Chinese tea culture dates back to/dates from thousands of years ago and drinking tea gradually became a tradition.(应用文之传统文化) 中国茶文化可以追溯到几千年前,饮茶逐渐成为一种传统。 4.means n.方式;方法;途径 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①(外研选必一)I honour endurance,perseverance,industry,talent;because these are the means 　　　　　　which men achieve great ends.  ②Every possible means 　　　　　　　　　　　(try),but none has worked. ③If you are eager to improve your Chinese,then 　　　　　　all means make use of every chance to communicate with the natives.(应用文之建议信) [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④要想学好汉语,就不要害怕跟当地人沟通,只有这样你才能取得进步。(应用文之建议信) To learn Chinese well,you shouldn’t be afraid to communicate with local people,and 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　.(means)  by has been tried by only by this means can you make progress 归纳　(1)a means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法(means单复数同形) (2)by means of 用;依靠;通过 by all means当然可以(口语) by no means决不;一点也不 (位于句首,句子要部分倒装) (3)用这种方法:by this means、in this way、in this manner、with this method 积累　From the experience I realize that by no means is working hard equal to damaging one’s health.(读后续写之主旨升华)我从这次经历意识到了努力工作绝不等同于损害健康。 5.regard n.尊重;关注;注意;关心;问候 (regards)　vt.把……视为;看待→regarding prep.关于;至于→disregard vt.不理会;不顾;漠视　n.漠视;忽视 [练会]　语段/单句语法填空 ①(人教选必三)Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.The local government set up strict regulations 　　　　　　(regard) further industrial development.  ②　　　　　　 regard to your question about my future career choices,I’m determined to be a doctor.  ③Remember to give your parents my 　　　　　　(regard) when you phone home.  regarding With/In regards [写美]　一句多译·背诵 ④汉字被认为是中国文化的代表,具有特别重要的地位。(应用文之中国文化) →Chinese characters 　　　　　　　　　　the representative of Chinese culture and enjoy a particularly important position.  →　　　　　　　　　　 the representative of Chinese culture,Chinese characters enjoy a particularly important position.(分词短语作状语)   are regarded as Regarded as 归纳　(1)regard...as...把……视为…… (2)give regards to sb.向某人致意 in/with regard to关于 联想　“把……看作/当作……”短语小结 regard...as...,consider...as...,view...as...,see...as...,look upon...as..., treat...as...,count...as...,have...as...,take...as/for...,think of...as... 积累　(2021全国乙卷)Online learning is regarded as a most effective way to learn English.(应用文之发言稿) 网络学习被认为是一个非常高效的英语学习方法。 6.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会　vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏;感激→appreciative adj.感激的;欣赏的 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①Though I didn’t win,I gained something far more valuable—a new-found 　　　　　　(appreciate) of the true meaning of being a champion.(读后续写之主旨升华)  ②(2023浙江1月卷)This little bird slowly landed on my right shoulder and gave me a gentle kiss as if appreciating my 　　　　　　(save) her life.  ③The award is given to her 　　　　　appreciation of her huge contribution to the film business.  appreciation saving in [写美]　一句多译·背诵 ④如果您能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。 →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at your earliest convenience. (appreciate one’s doing)  →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at your earliest convenience.(I would appreciate it if...)   I would really appreciate your replying to me I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me 归纳　(1)appreciate+n./pron./动词-ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if...假如……,我将不胜感激。 appreciate+that/wh-从句 理解/意识到…… (2)convey/express one’s appreciation 表达感激 in appreciation of 为了感谢…… 点津　当appreciate、hate、dislike、love、like、depend/rely on等词(短语)后接宾语从句时,一般先加it,再接宾语从句。 积累　(2023天津卷)I believe this workshop is significant because it provides an opportunity for students to learn about Chinese culture and appreciate its beauty. 我相信这次研讨会意义重大,因为它为学生提供了了解中国文化、欣赏中国文化之美的机会。 7.equal n.同等的人;相等物　adj.相同的;同样的　vt.比得上;敌得过→equality n.平等;相等→equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①I am convinced that I am equal to 　　　　　　(be) a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.(应用文之申请信)  ②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is 　　　　　　equal in playing basketball.  ③(牛津高阶词典)She treats the people who work for her as her 　　 (equal). being without equals [写美]　微写作·背诵 ④Firstly,nobody can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(在口语方面比得过我). 　　　　　　　　　　 (同等重要的是) is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I 　　　　　　　　　(胜任这项工作) as a volunteer for the fair.(应用文之申请信)  归纳　(1)be equal to sth./doing sth. =be fit/qualified for sth.等于/胜任(做)某事 (2)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 (3)be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比 联想　“胜任”的其他表达还有be up to、be fit for、be qualified for、be adequate to等。 equal me in oral English What’s equally important am equal to the job 8.demand n.要求;需求　vt.强烈要求;需要　vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①As new members are 　　　　　　demand in our basketball club,I’m writing to invite you to join it.(应用文之邀请信)  ②My father came down and demanded 　　　　　　　(know) what had happened.  ③Father demanded that the twins 　　　　　　　　　(clean) up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast.  ④Nowadays science graduates are 　　　　　　greater demand because advanced science has created more 　　　　　　(demand) jobs.  in to know (should) clean in demanding [写美]　微写作·背诵 ⑤我强烈要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求,我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走,以防迷路。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the mountains.　　 　　　　　　　　　, my uncle demanded that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in case we could get lost.  demanded to take a horse ride To meet/satisfy my demand my father and I (should) keep to the track 归纳　(1)demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气) (2)be in great demand 需求量很大 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 词缀　-ing结尾的非心理活动形容词小结 dying临终的 challenging有挑战性的 lying说谎的 alarming引起恐慌的 aching疼痛的 advancing前进的 9.relate vt.联系;讲述 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate 　　　　　　.  ②The children,although not 　　　　　　(relate) to us by blood,had become as dear to us as our own.  ③Trainees should be invited to relate new ideas 　　　their past experiences. to related to [写美]　一句多译·背诵 ④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。 →You should write down all the information 　　　　　　　the problem. (relate)  →You should write down all the information 　　　　　　 　the problem. (relation)   related to in relation to 归纳　(1)relate sth.to sb.向某人讲述某事 relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到 (2)related adj.相关的;有联系的 be related to...与……有关 (3)relation n.关系,联系 in relation to 关于 积累　I’m considering choosing English as my major in university and furthering my education related to English. 我考虑在大学选择英语作为我的专业,并继续接受与英语有关的教育。 ★补遗缺　微点练全 Ⅰ.一词多义——语段练 1.His latest book creates several typical characters① of Chinese women,each of whom has a strong character②.It is a book of romantic character③.However, this book is available only in Chinese characters④,not in other languages. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  ④                            n.人物,角色　 n.性格,品质　 n.特点,特色　 n.文字 2.The expert related to① some scientific terms related to② environmental protection in his speech,and most people present all related to③ them. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  3.I major① in urban planning and the main content of my major② subjects focuses on solving the major③ problem with parking in many cities.Being a major④ in urban planning,I am busy on a daily basis. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  ④                            谈到,涉及　 与……有关　 理解 vi.主修　 adj.(课程)主修的　 adj.严重的　 n.主修学生 4.I would appreciate① it a lot if you could deliver one copy of your latest works for us to appreciate②,so we could better appreciate③ the intention of your writing. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  5.Based① on his oral instruction,I successfully found the base② of their company,which was actually an apartment located at the edge of town.Inside the apartment,I saw an old lamp with a heavy base③. ①                            ②                                                          ③　　　　 　　  v.感激,感谢　 v.欣赏　 v.理解 adj.以……为根据的　 n.据点,基地;大本营　 n.底部;底座 Ⅱ.熟词生义——表中填 1.address 项目 意义 例句 熟义 n.　　　　　　　　　  What’s your email address? n.　　　　　　　　　  Mr Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia. (电子邮箱)地址 演讲 项目 意义 例句 生义 v.　　　　　　　　　  Most people call me Bob.How do I address you? v.　　　　　　　　　  He addressed the nation last week. v.　　　　　　　　　  Please address all enquiries to this office. v.　　　　　　　　　　 　  So why did you open a letter that was addressed to me? v.　　　　　　　　　  The next meeting will address the problem of truancy. v.　　　　　　　　　  He addressed me in low tunes. 称呼 发表演说 提交 在(信封或包裹)上写上 姓名(或地址) 对付,应付;处理 交谈 2.present 项目 意义 例句 熟 义 n.　　　　　　　　　  They gave me theatre tickets as a present. n.　　　　　　　　　  The play is set in the present. adj.　　　　　　　　  There were no children present. adj.　　　　　　　　  I don’t have her present address. 礼物,赠品 现在,目前 出席的,在场的 现在的,目前的 项目 意义 例句 生 义 n.　　　　　　　　　  The verb in this sentence is in the present. vt.　　　　　　　　  The winners were presented with medals. vt.　　　　　　　　　  He presented the report to his colleagues at the meeting. vt.　　　　　　　　　  The classroom presented a cheerful busy atmosphere to the visitors. vt.　　　　　　　　　  She presents the late-night news. vt.　　　　　　　　　  Later on I’d like to present you to the head teacher. 现在时态 赠送,授予 提交 展现 主持播出 (电视或广播节目) 引见,介绍 Ⅲ.写作词汇——语篇串 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(为了学习本地的语言),I 2.　　　　　　　　　　　(保持积极的态度)—3.                 (尽管频繁出错).I collect symbols like local signs and 4.　　　　　　　　 　　　(阅读各种各样的文章)to build vocabulary. Though I still struggle with grammar,talking to locals helps me understand their 5.　　　　　　　(观点).Their 6.　　　　　　　　　(生动的描述)of daily life makes every hard moment feel worthwhile.  To learn the native language keep a positive attitude despite frequent mistakes read a variety of articles point of view vivid description 重点句型透视 1.be of+抽象名词 [教材原句] That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 那种书法体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①Understanding the historical context of a work of art is of 　　　　　　(significant) to fully appreciate its beauty and meaning.  ②It is common for teenagers 　　　　　　your age to come across similar challenges.  significance of [写美]　微写作/一句多译·背诵 ③在我看来,下面这些建议可能对你有帮助。(应用文之建议信) As far as I am concerned,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (be of+抽象名词)  ④(2022全国乙卷)大多数学生认为观看英语电影对他们的英语学习有益。 →The majority of students consider that watching English movies 　　　　　　　　their English learning.(beneficial)  →The majority of students consider that watching English movies 　　　　　　　　their English learning.(benefit)   the following suggestions may be of help to you is beneficial to is of benefit to 归纳　(1)be of+value/significance/importance/use/benefit等表抽象意义的名词=be+该名词对应的形容词,名词前可用great、no、little、some、much等词修饰,用以说明程度。 (2)of+size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表人或物的属性的名词,在句中作表语或定语。这些名词要根据具体情境变复数形式,或在其前面加冠词,如加不定冠词,则此结构中的a/an相当于the same。 积累　The advice you gave us proved to be of great value,without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams. 事实证明,您给我们的建议很有价值,没有这些建议,我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。 2.no matter where...“无论在哪里”,引导让步状语从句 [教材原句] Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天,无论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 [练会]　单句语法填空 ①　　　　　　 you need help,I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.  ②(2022全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter 　　　　　　you are in the world.  ③Determined people will try all means to achieve their goals,　　　 　 hard they are.  ④The gold medal will be awarded to 　　　　　　wins first place in the bicycle race.  Whenever where however whoever [写美]　句式升级/微写作·背诵 ⑤Every year,anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. →Every year,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(主语从句)  ⑥无论我多么忙,每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语,并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.  whoever makes the most beautiful kite However/No matter how busy I am 归纳　“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同: (1)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。 (2)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever 既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 (3)whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。 积累　Whatever/No matter what difficulties I come across,I will do whatever I can to overcome them. 无论我遇到什么困难,我都会尽我所能去克服它们。 测效果•课堂评价 Ⅰ.单句语法填空——分层级强化高频考点 题组A　基础必练 1.Human beings 　　　　　　　　　(regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.  2.The tsunami 　　　　　　(refer) to in the report swept away about 2,000 people,shocking the rest of the country.  3.The novel which was popular with readers was based 　　　　　　an earthquake which struck Wenchuan in 2008.  4.The tower 　　　　　　(date) back to the Ming Dynasty was seriously destroyed in the flood.  5.She learned to play the piano 　　　　　　means of patient practice and under the guidance of an experienced teacher.  are regarded referred on/upon dating by 题组B　高考链接 6.(2024九省联考)　　　　　　(vary) in diet and toys,travel,and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.  7.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)But 　　　　　　(equal) important is the mental aspect. 8.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking,followed by 　　　　(globe) regulation,will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.  9.(2024北京卷)Franz Boas’s 　　　　　　(describe) of Inuit(因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.  Variety equally global description Ⅱ.构词法规则——语境中突破派生词汇 构词法 前缀de- 表示“降低,除去” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.The Himalayan red panda is the rarer of the two.Major threats to red pandas include deforestation and habitat loss.　　　　　  2.Failures are unavoidable.By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened,you may find it easier to achieve your goals.　　　　　  毁林 降低,贬低 3.Dry land ecosystems cover about 40% of land on the earth and support more than 2 billion people,and,once degraded,they are difficult to restore. 　　　　　　　　  4.Be very careful,because your words have destructive power too. 　 　　　　  5.A few days later,when Sara was hesitating about declining the offer,her high school principal,Mr Salim,called her to his office.　　　　　  使退化,使恶化 毁灭性的 拒绝 Ⅲ.话题微写作——场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达) 续写微情景 第一步:单句写作 1.Mac正沿着山路骑行,这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。 Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .  2.他的恐惧无以言表。(description) His fear was 　　　　　　　　　 　.  3.他乞求路过的司机帮助他,但是徒劳无果。(beg) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　him,but in vain.  opening its bloody mouth beyond description begged passing drivers to help 4.他毫不犹豫地从自行车上下来,抓住自行车,用尽全力把自行车扔向狼,尽力把狼吓走。(struggle) He got off his bike without hesitation,seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength,　　　　　　　　　　　　 the wolf away.  5.他正要成为狼的盘中餐时,他的朋友加入了他。 He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his friends joined him.  6.他向朋友们描述了这件恐怖的事情。(refer to) He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his friends.  7.他仍然感到毛骨悚然。 He still felt 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  struggling to frighten was about to become the food of the wolf when referred the horrible thing to as if his hair had stood on end 第二步:句式升级 8.用when连接句6和句7。 When he referred the horrible thing to his friends,he still felt as if his hair had stood on end. 第三步:连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词) Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him,opening its bloody mouth.His fear was beyond description.He begged passing drivers to help him,but in vain.So he got off his bike without hesitation, seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength,struggling to frighten the wolf away.He was about to become the food of the wolf when his friends joined him.When he referred the horrible thing to his friends,he still felt as if his hair had stood on end. 研真题•链接高考 (2025全国一卷,阅读D) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now,new research suggests that a simple,cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.In the study,boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate,boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene,polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still,the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research,tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 一、理清脉络 为语篇匹配合适的段落大意 A.解决问题:微塑料污染危害大要重视;煮沸自来水的方式有效、可行;建议升级饮用水处理厂。 B.呈现问题:微塑料已成为全球常见的污染源。 C.分析问题:研究发现,自来水煮沸5分钟冷却后过滤可去除80%的微塑料;但有局限性。 B C A 二、真题再做 32.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. √ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.(它们沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃部,甚至落在南极的新雪上。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)”可知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。 33.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.(至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕捉塑料)”并结合下文的研究数据可知,决定在水中捕捉微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。 34.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. √ 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可知,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染问题的严重性。 35.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,研究发现了煮沸自来水可以减少微塑料这一成果,而Gauchotte-Lindsay建议升级饮用水处理厂来去除微塑料,这就是在探讨如何将这个研究结果应用到实际的饮用水处理中,属于研究结果的潜在应用,所以D项正确。 三、语言能力 1.巧用构词猜词 词根 派生 词性及词义 例句   microplastic   Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.   severity   The severity of the microplastic problem. plastic n.微塑料 severe n.严重 2.牢记熟词生义 单词 词性及词义 例句 stick Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. fresh Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. v.卡住,陷入,困于 adj.未被污染的, 纯净的 3.积累高频词块 (1)　　　　　　　　　在……安顿下来  (2)　　　　　　　　　依靠  (3)　　　　　　　　　瓶装水  (4)　 　　　　　　　　提出对某事的担忧  (5)　　　　　　　　　调查,研究  (6)　　　　　　　　　纯净水  4.妙用同义转述(用文中的词汇替换加黑词汇) (1)catch the plastics 　　　　　  (2)get rid of at least 80 percent of its microplastics 　　　　　  settle in　 rely on　 bottled water　 raise concerns about/over/for sth.　 look into　 pure water trap remove 5.破解复杂句式 In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 分析:本句为复合句。published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters为过去分词短语作　　　　　　语,修饰study;that引导 　　　　　　从句;after it cools为after引导的　　　　　　从句。  译文: 后置定 宾语 时间状语 在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中,中国研究人员发现,将自来水煮沸仅五分钟 ——待其冷却后再过滤——可去除水中至少80%的微塑料。 $