内容正文:
形容词及其短语作状语
形容词或形容词短语作状语,用来描述谓语动作,说明谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随的情况,也可表示让步和结果,有时前面可以加上某些从属连词,进一步表明状语的性质。
形容词或形容词短语作状语时,大多用逗号与全句分开,位置可在句首、句中或句末。
(1)Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thirsty.
简天刚亮就起床了,又渴又饿。
(2)Mark was greatly encouraged by John and other boys, full of confidence in his plan.
马克深受约翰和其他男孩的鼓舞,对自己的计划充满信心。
(Jane起身时的状态是“又饿又渴”。为了表达这种状态, 该句使用了形容词短语hungry and thirsty作伴随状语。)
(Bernard被几个男孩鼓励之后对计划充满了信心。为了突出这一结果,该句使用了形容词短语full of…作结果状语。)
句式1: 主谓……,+形容词(短语)
(1)Deep in thought, Mary had sat still against the door for more than 20minutes.
玛丽沉思着,靠着门静静地坐了20多分钟。
(2)Depressed and helpless, Eric couldn't control his emotion any longer and burst into tears.
沮丧和无助,埃里克再也控制不住自己的情绪,哭了起来。
(Eric突然大哭是因为沮丧和无助。为了突出这一原因,该句使用了形容词短语depressed and helpless作原因状语。)
(Mary倚门坐着的同时,状态是沉思。为了表达这种状态,该句使用了形容词短语deep in thought作伴随状语。)
句式2: 形容词短语, +主谓……
3、练习
(1)埃里克终于爬上了山顶,饥肠辘辘却又兴奋不已。(形容词作结果状语。)
(2)Mary满脸通红、气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。(形容词结构作伴随状语)
(3)他躺在床上,睡不着,听着外面呼啸的风声。(形容词作伴随状语)
(1)Eric finally made it to the top of the mountain,hungry but excited
(2)Flushed and breathless, Mary burst in through the gate.
(3)He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the roaring wind.
3、练习
(4)在直升机的帮助下,Mary 安然无恙地出来森林,见到了她的丈夫。(形容词作伴随状语)
(5)困在迷雾中,我什么也做不了,只能哭泣,无助又失落。(形容词作原因状语。)
With the help of the helicopter, Mary got out of the forest and saw her husband, safe and sound.
Trapped in the dense mist, I could do nothing but burst into tears, helpless and disappointed.
强调句
强调句用来强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。
被强调部分指人时,用who或that; 指事物时用that。
(1)It was he who/that met Li Ping yesterday in the street.(强调主语)
(2)It was Li Ping who/that he met yesterday in the street.(强调宾语)
(3)It was yesterday that he met Li Ping in the street.(强调时间状语)
(4)It was in the street that he met Li Ping yesterday.(强调地点状语)
句式1:It is/ was + 被强调部分+ that/ who+ 其他部分.
句式2:not … until … 句型
It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
普通句:He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. (此句型只用until,不用till。)
句式3:当谓语动词是一般现在时和一般过去时,可以用“do/does/did+动词原形”来强调。
(1)Do sit down. 务必请坐。
(2)We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
我们确实希望今后有更多有意义的活动。
练习
(1)就是在那天,他才意识到他儿子需要的仅仅是陪伴。(强调时间状语)
(2)这些天他们大肆宣传的正是一场由某著名歌唱家举办的音乐会。 (强调宾语)
(3)是 Joe在大喊大叫,拼命地挥手。(强调主语)
It was on that day that he realized that what his son needed was nothing but company.
It is the concert to be held by a famous singer that they advertise quite widely these days.
It was Joe that shouted and waved violently.
练习
(4)直到发生余震,他们才意识到自己身处危险之中。(not … until …)
(5)切记是他对生物的挚爱,让他全身心于拯救动物。(do/does/did+动词原形”来强调)
It was not until the aftershocks that they realized they were in danger.
Do remember it's his passion for creatures that enabled him to commit himself to saving animals.
倒装句
在英语中,通常句子的顺序是主语在前,谓语在后(主语+谓语)。当谓语动词放在主语前 (谓语+主语),我们把这种句子结构称为倒装结构。
倒装结构分为完全倒装和部分倒装。倒装的目的在于前置需要强调的部分,
(1)完全倒装:谓语+主语
句型1:There be/lie/stand/exist/live/seem/rise/appear/ happen…+主语
There stands a tree in front of our class.在我们教室的前面有一棵树
句型2:Here/There/Now/Then+come/go/run/be+主语
Here comes the bus. 公交车来了(地点副词)
句型3:表示方位的副词 (up/down/out/in/away)置于句首
Down came the rain. 下起雨来。
句型4:作状语的介词短语放在句首
On the top of the hill stands an old pine tree. 山顶上矗立着一棵古老的松树。
句型5:直接引语位于句首
“That was wonderful,” said Daniel. “那太好了,”丹尼尔说。
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词、情态动词或连系动词be移至主语前,而谓语动词无变化。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前,谓语动词用原形。
(2)部分倒装 :助/情/be+主语+谓语动词原形
句型1:以否定词或含有否定意义的短语开头。
表示否定的副词有not, never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, rarely等;含no的短语有at no time, by no means, in no time, in no way, in no case, on no account, on no condition等。
Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。
句型2:以“only+状语 (副词/介词短语/从句)”开头。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有通过这种办法我们才能把英语学好。
句型3:not only…but also…连接两个句子,not only位于句首时,not only所在分句部分倒装,but also所在分句不倒装。
Not only does John love Chinese, but also he is good at speaking it.
约翰不仅喜欢汉语,而且说得也很好。
(2)部分倒装 :助/情/be+主语+谓语动词原形
句型4:so/neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语
He can’t swim. Neither can I. 他不会游泳,我也不会。
句型5:so/such…+that句型中,so/such放句首
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
他吓得连一步也不敢动。
句型6:虚拟条件从句的if被省略时 (谓语含有should,were或had)
Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
万一明天下雨,运动会就延期举行。
(2)部分倒装 :助/情/be+主语+谓语动词原形
(3)其他倒装形式
句型1:表示祝愿的句子
May you all be happy. 希望大家开心愉快。
句型2:as引导让步状语从句
Child as he is, he knows several foreign languages. 尽管他是个小孩,他懂几种外语。
句型3:Hardly/Scarcely had…when… 一……就……
Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang. 她刚坐下电话就响了。
句型4:No sooner had…than… 一……就……
No sooner had she gone than her seat was taken by John. 她刚走,她的座位就被约翰占据了。
练习
(1)那儿站着一个小男孩,他的脸苍白而瘦削,雨水从他长长的黑发上流下来。 (there)
(2)他不仅要照顾自己,而且还要照顾残疾的妹妹。
(not only…but also…)
(3)只有用这样的方法我们才能拯救地球。(Only+状语)
There stood a little boy, with a pale and thin face, and the water ran down from his long black hair.
Not only did he have to take care of himself, but also he needed to look after his disabled sister.
Only in this way can we save the earth.
(4)我震惊得睁大眼睛,目瞪口呆。(so/such…+that句型)
(5)我决不会放弃。(never)
(6)一大群人冲了出来。 (out)
(7)话刚出口,她就后悔不迭。
练习
So shocked was I that I was dumbfounded with my eyes wide open.
Never will I give up.
Out rushed a great number of people.
Hardly/Scarcely had she spoken than she regretted it bitterly.
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