内容正文:
现在完成时:have / has + 过去分词 (done)
考点一:两大基本用法(必须先分清)
已完成(结果影响)
1.1 含义:过去发生的动作,现在已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
1.2 标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never
1.3 例句:I have lost my keys.(结果:我现在进不去门)
未完成(持续)
2.1 含义:过去发生的动作或状态,一直持续到现在,并且还可能继续下去。
2.2 标志词:for + 时间段,since + 时间点/从句
2.3 例句:He has lived here for 10 years.(10年前住到现在,还可能继续住)
考点二:高频时间状语(看到即选)
出现以下标志词,首选现在完成时(考场秒杀技):
肯定句:already(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经),never(从不),yet(用于否定句/疑问句:还/已经)
持续:for + 一段时间(如 for 3 years),since + 过去时间点/从句(如 since 2018, since I was born)
笼统时间:so far / up to now(到目前为止),recently / lately(最近),in the past few years(在过去的几年里),over the years
注意:如果句中有具体的过去时间(yesterday, last week, in 2020, 3 days ago),绝对不能用现在完成时,必须用一般过去时。
考点三:与一般过去时的终极区别(必考陷阱)
这是考试中最容易丢分的地方,记住这个黄金分割点:
时态
着眼点
是否强调现在?
时间状语
现在完成时
强调现在的结果或影响,不关心具体发生时间。
强调现在
不接具体过去时间
一般过去时
仅陈述过去发生的事实,与现在无关或联系断裂。
只看过去
接 yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 1990 等
经典对比(必看):
I have lost my phone.(手机现在不见了,强调目前状态)
I lost my phone last week.(只是陈述上周丢了,现在找没找到不管,也许找到了)
She has been to Beijing.(她去过北京,人现在回来了,强调"有去过"的经历)
She went to Beijing last month.(她上个月去北京了,人可能还没回来,只是陈述动作)
考点四:非延续性动词(瞬间动词)的转换(超级高频)
核心规则:像 buy, borrow, die, join, leave, arrive, marry 这类瞬间就完成的动词,不能与"for + 时间段"或"since"连用(因为它们无法持续)。
考场必杀技:遇到这种搭配,必须把瞬间动词换成对应的延续性状态动词。
瞬间动词(短暂)
延续性动词/状态(可持续)
buy(买)
have / has had(拥有)
borrow(借入)
keep(保存)
die(死)
be dead(死的状态)
join(加入)
be in / be a member of(是成员)
leave(离开)
be away(离开的状态)
arrive / come(到达)
be here / be in(在这儿)
begin / start(开始)
be on(在进行中)
marry(结婚)
be married(已婚)
真题陷阱:
He has bought the car for 5 years.(错误,buy 不能持续)
He has had the car for 5 years.(正确,have 表示拥有)
考点五:have been to / have gone to 的区别(1分必拿)
短语
含义
是否在说话地?
have/has been to + 地点
去过某地(已经回来了)
在
have/has gone to + 地点
去了某地(在路上或已到达,还没回来)
不在
例句:
Where is Tom?(汤姆在哪儿?)
He has gone to the library.(他去图书馆了,不在这儿)
I have been to the library twice this week.(我这周去过两次图书馆了,人现在在这儿)
考点六:固定句型(见到直接套)
这两个句型是送分题,看到秒选现在完成时:
This/It is the + 序数词 + time that...(这是第几次做某事)
1.1 主句是 is,从句必须用现在完成时。
1.2 例:This is the third time that I have visited Chongqing.
This is the + 最高级 + 名词 + that...(这是最……的……)
2.1 从句用现在完成时。
2.2 例:This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
考场终极避坑口诀
看标志:有 for/since/so far,先选现在完成时。
看时间:有具体过去时间(yesterday/last...),坚决用一般过去时。
看持续:for + 时间段搭配 buy/borrow/die,立刻换词(换成 have/keep/be dead)。
看去了没:人在哪?在说话地就用 been to,不在就用 gone to。
现在完成时专项练习题
一:动词填空(10题)
She ________ (live) in this city since she was born.
I ________ (not finish) my homework yet, so I can't go out.
________ you ever ________ (eat) Italian food before?
My father ________ (buy) a new car. It looks cool!(强调现在有车了)
They ________ (know) each other for over 20 years.
He ________ (not come) back from work yet.
So far, we ________ (learn) five English songs.
This is the most interesting book I ________ (read).
His grandpa ________ (die) for three years.(注意动词转换)
I can't find my glasses. I think someone ________ (take) them away.
二:单项选择(时态辨析,10题)
—Where is your sister? —She _______ to the supermarket.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
I _______ this watch for 5 years. It still works well.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had had
They _______ the Great Wall three times since 2020.
A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. had visited
—_______ you ever _______ to Shanghai? —Yes, I went there last year.
A. Have; been B. Did; go C. Have; gone D. Do; go
He _______ his homework at 8 o'clock last night.
A. finishes B. has finished C. finished D. will finish
My uncle _______ in London for 10 years, but now he lives in New York.
A. lived B. has lived C. had lived D. was living
It is the first time that I _______ such a beautiful sunset.
A. saw B. see C. have seen D. had seen
She _______ the book for two weeks. She must return it tomorrow.
A. borrows B. borrowed C. has borrowed D. has kept
Up to now, we _______ no information about the accident.
A. get B. got C. have got D. had got
I _______ to the park yesterday, but I _______ there several times.
A. went; have been B. have gone; went C. went; had been D. have been; have gone
三:完成句子(根据中文补全,10题)
我已经看过这部电影了。
I ________ ________ this film already.
他还没完成他的作业。
He ________ ________ his homework yet.
你曾经去过广州吗?
________ you ever ________ to Guangzhou?
她来中国已经两年了。
She ________ ________ in China for two years.
这是我看过的最感人的电影。
This is the most touching movie that I ________ ever ________.
他加入篮球俱乐部三年了。(注意动词转换)
He ________ ________ ________ the basketball club for three years.
(或者:He ________ ________ a member of the basketball club for three years.)
我刚刚丢了我的钥匙。
I ________ just ________ my keys.
到目前为止,他写了五本小说。
So far, he ________ ________ five novels.
她已经去了北京,所以不在家。
She ________ ________ to Beijing, so she is not at home.
我们认识彼此有十年了。
We ________ ________ each other for ten years.
四:短文填空(用动词适当形式填空,10空)
Dear Tom,
How is everything going? I ________ (1) (not hear) from you for a long time. I ________ (2) (be) in this new school for about three months. So far, I ________ (3) (make) a lot of new friends.
Last week, I ________ (4) (join) the school soccer team. I ________ (5) (never play) soccer before, but I find it very exciting. Our coach ________ (6) (tell) us that we will have a match next month. Since then, I ________ (7) (practice) every day.
By the way, do you know my sister Lily? She ________ (8) (go) to London for further study. She ________ (9) (be) there since last month. She says she ________ (10) (already visit) the British Museum.
Write to me soon!
Yours,
Mike
参考答案与简析
题型一 答案
has lived(since 必用现在完成时)
haven't finished(yet 用于否定,现在完成时)
Have; eaten(ever 现在完成时疑问)
has bought(强调现在有了新车,已完成影响)
have known(for + 20 years 持续)
hasn't come(yet 否定)
have learned(So far 现在完成时)
have read(最高级 + that,现在完成时)
has been dead(die 不能持续,换 be dead,且 for three years)
has taken(找不到眼镜,强调被人拿走了,影响现在)
题型二 答案
B(人不在说话地,去了超市)
C(buy 不能持续,换成 have had,且 for 5 years)
C(since 2020 现在完成时)
A(问经历用 have been to,后文有 last year 只是补充)
C(at 8 o'clock last night 具体过去时间,用一般过去)
A(现在住纽约,说明在伦敦住是过去的事,与现在无关,用一般过去)
C(It is the first time that 用现在完成时)
D(for two weeks 不能接 borrow,要用 keep)
C(Up to now 现在完成时)
A(yesterday 用 went;there several times 用 have been)
题型三 答案
have seen
hasn't finished
Have; been
has been(注意 come 是瞬间动词,表示"来"不能用 for,但 be in 表状态)
have; seen
has been in / has been(join 换成 be in / be a member of)
have; lost
has written
has gone
have known(know 是延续性动词,可直接接 for)
题型四 答案
haven't heard(for a long time)
have been(for three months)
have made(So far)
joined(last week 具体过去时间)
have never played(never + before,强调到现在的经历)
told(told us 是过去发生的动作,用一般过去)
have practiced(Since then 意为"从那时起",用现在完成时)
has gone(去了伦敦,人不在)
has been(since last month 持续状态)
has already visited(already 现在完成时)
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