专题20 阅读理解（课件）-2027年河北省（对口升学）《英语一轮讲练测》

专题19 短文填空 2027版河北省（对口升学） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习课件 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 04 真题溯源·考向感知 2 01 考情解码·命题预警 3 【复习目标】   考查维度 重点考查内容 复习目标 事实细节题 直接或间接在文中找到明确信息（时间、地点、人物、数据等） 能快速定位关键词，准确查找原文信息，排除干扰项 主旨大意题 文章或段落的核心观点、标题选择、写作目的 能通过首段、尾段、段落首句把握文章中心，避免以偏概全 推理判断题 根据已知信息推断隐含含义、作者态度、写作意图 能基于文本进行合理推断，不脱离文本过度解读 词义猜测题 根据上下文猜测生词、短语或代词指代内容 能利用上下文线索（定义、举例、对比、同义替换）推断词义 02 体系构建·思维可视 5 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 7 【考点1 细节理解】 项目 内容说明 典型例题与解题思路 常见设问方式 1. According to the passage, when/where/who...? 2. Which of the following is TRUE/NOT TRUE? 3. What is the reason for...? 4. How many...? Which of the following is TRUE about Tom? （关于汤姆哪项正确？） ——对照原文逐一比对选项 干扰项特征 1. 张冠李戴（把A的特点说成B的） 2. 无中生有（文中未提及的内容） 3. 偷换概念（与原文意思相似但实质不同） 4. 反向干扰（与原文意思相反） 5. 绝对化（出现 all/every/never 等绝对词，而原文未体现） 原文：Tom likes swimming.（汤姆喜欢游泳） 错误选项：Tom likes swimming and running.（跑步未提及） ——无中生有 高频考点 1. 因果关系（because/since/as/for/so/therefore） 2. 数字与时间 3. 比较级/最高级 4. 并列结构（and/or/not only...but also...） 原文：He was late because he missed the bus. 题干：Why was he late?  ——直接找 because 后的原因 【即时训练】 Tom is a middle school student. He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m. and goes to school at 7:00. His home is about 2 kilometers from school, so he often goes to school by bike. It takes him about 10 minutes to get to school. He has four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. He likes English and math best. 1. How far is Tom’s home from school?A. About 1 kilometer. B. About 2 kilometers. C. About 10 kilometers. D. About 7 kilometers. 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查事实细节。题干问“汤姆家离学校有多远”，文中明确提到“His home is about 2 kilometers from school”，故选 B。。 There are four seasons in a year. Spring comes in March. It is warm and trees turn green. Summer is from June to August. It is very hot. Autumn is from September to November. It is cool and leaves turn yellow. Winter is from December to February. It is cold and sometimes it snows. 2. Which season is from September to November? A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter. 【答案】 C 【详解】 考查事实细节。题干问“哪个季节从9月到11月”，文中提到“Autumn is from September to November”，故选 C。 My name is Li Hua. I have a good friend. Her name is Mary. She is from Canada. She is 15 years old. She can speak English and French. She also speaks a little Chinese. She likes Chinese food very much. Her favorite food is dumplings. She thinks they are delicious. 3. What is Mary’s favorite food? A. Rice. B. Noodles. C. Dumplings. D. Hamburgers. 【答案】 C 【详解】 考查事实细节。题干问“玛丽最喜欢的食物是什么”，文中提到“Her favorite food is dumplings”，故选 C。 There are many clubs in our school. The English Club is on the second floor. It opens every Tuesday and Thursday from 4:00 to 5:00 p.m. The Art Club is on the third floor. It opens every Monday and Wednesday from 3:30 to 4:30 p.m. The Music Club is on the first floor. It opens every Friday from 4:00 to 5:30 p.m. 4. Where is the Art Club? A. On the first floor. B. On the second floor. C. On the third floor. D. On the fourth floor. 【答案】 C 【详解】 考查事实细节。题干问“美术俱乐部在哪里”，文中提到“The Art Club is on the third floor”，故选 C。 In many English families, people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. Breakfast is usually a big meal. People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread. Lunch comes at about 13:00. Afternoon tea is from 16:00 to 17:00, and dinner is at about 19:30. 5. How many meals do many English families have a day? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 【答案】 success 【详解】 考查动词变名词。句意：他在生意上取得了巨大的成功。made 后接名词作宾语，great 是形容词修饰名词。succeed 的名词形式为 success（不可数名词）。故填 success。 【考点2 推理判断】 项目 内容说明 典型例题/示例 常见设问方式 1. What can we infer from the passage? 2. What does the writer probably mean by...? 3. What can we learn from the passage? 4. What would happen next? 5. The writer suggests that... The writer suggests that we should _____.（作者暗示我们应该……） 解题步骤 1. 审题定位（确定推断方向：作者态度、下文内容、隐含信息） 2. 回文找依据（找到与推断相关的信息句） 3. 合理推断（在原文基础上进行一步推理，不脱离文本） 4. 比对选项（排除过度推断和无依据选项） 题干：What can we infer about Tom?  ——回文找 Tom 的相关描述句 → 合理推断 → 比对选项 干扰项特征 1. 过度推断（超出原文信息范围，主观臆测） 2. 片面推断（只根据部分信息得出结论） 3. 与原文明显相反（与已知信息矛盾） 4. 纯属无中生有（文中未提及任何相关信息） 5. 答非所问（本身正确但与题干无关） 原文：She said she liked the gift.  错误选项：She loved the gift very much.  ——“喜欢”≠“非常喜欢”，程度过度 常见推理类型 1. 隐含意义推理（弦外之音） 2. 作者态度/意图推理（赞成/反对/中立/幽默/讽刺） 3. 预测下文推理（接下来会讲什么） 4. 人物动机/感受推理（为什么这么做/有何感受） 5. 文章出处推理（可能出自报纸/杂志/广告/小说） 原文：This medicine is cheap and easy to take.  ——推断：可能出自药品广告 【即时训练】 Tom is a middle school student. He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m. and goes to school at 7:00. His home is about 2 kilometers from school, so he often goes to school by bike. It takes him about 10 minutes to get to school. He has four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. He likes English and math best. 1. What can we infer about Tom? A. He is often late for school.B. He doesn't like English. C. He goes to school on foot every day.D. He gets up early on weekdays. 【答案】 D 【详解】 考查推理判断。文中明确提到“He usually gets up at 6:30 a.m.”，由此可推断他平时（上学日）起得早。A项文中未提及迟到；B项与原文“He likes English best”矛盾；C项与原文“goes to school by bike”矛盾。故选 D。 There are four seasons in a year. Spring comes in March. It is warm and trees turn green. Summer is from June to August. It is very hot. Autumn is from September to November. It is cool and leaves turn yellow. Winter is from December to February. It is cold and sometimes it snows. 2. What can we infer from the passage? A. People like summer best.B. It never snows in winter. C. Leaves turn yellow in autumn.D. Spring is the shortest season. 【答案】 C 【详解】 考查推理判断。A项“人们最喜欢夏天”文中未提及；B项与原文“sometimes it snows”矛盾；D项“春天最短”文中无依据。C项“叶子在秋天变黄”是文中明确信息，但题干问“从文中可推断什么”，该项为直接事实，此处作为可推出的合理结论。故选 C。 My name is Li Hua. I have a good friend. Her name is Mary. She is from Canada. She is 15 years old. She can speak English and French. She also speaks a little Chinese. She likes Chinese food very much. Her favorite food is dumplings. She thinks they are delicious. 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. Mary is a teacher. B. Mary can't speak Chinese. C. Mary has been to China. D. Mary is Li Hua's classmate. 【答案】 C 【详解】 考查推理判断。文中提到“She likes Chinese food very much”以及“Her favorite food is dumplings”，由此推断在中国生活或来过中国。A项“Mary是老师”文中未提及；B项与原文“speaks a little Chinese”矛盾；D项“同学”文中未提及。故选 C。 Many people think that English is difficult to learn. However, if you practice it every day, you can learn it well. Many students say that watching English movies and listening to English songs help them a lot. They also find it useful to speak with foreigners. 4. What does the writer probably suggest? A. English is too hard to learn.B. Students should learn English by practicing every day. C. Foreigners don't like to speak English.D. Watching movies is a waste of time. 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查推理判断（作者意图）。文中提到“if you practice it every day, you can learn it well”以及各种学习方法（看电影、听歌、与外国人交谈），由此可推断作者建议学生通过日常练习来学英语。A项与原文“you can learn it well”矛盾；C项和D项文中未提及。故选 B。 Mr. Green is a kind man. He often helps the poor and visits old people in the nursing home. He is always ready to help others. Everyone in the town knows him and respects him. He says that helping others makes him happy. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Mr. Green is very rich. B. Mr. Green is very lazy. C. Mr. Green is warm-hearted. D. People in the town dislike him. 【答案】 C 【详解】 考查推理判断（人物品质）。文中多次描述 Mr. Green 的行为：“often helps the poor”“visits old people”“always ready to help others”，由此可推断他热心肠。A项“富有”文中未提及；B项与描述矛盾；D项与“respects him”矛盾。故选 C。 【考点3 词义猜测】 项目 内容说明 典型例题/示例 常见设问方式 1. The word “” in the passage probably means . 2. What does the underlined word “” refer to? 3. The underlined word “” can be replaced by . 4. What does “” in Paragraph 3 refer to? The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to _____.（最后一段中划线词“it”指代的是_____。） 解题步骤 1. 定位划线词（找到该词在文中的位置） 2. 阅读上下文（理解该词前后句的含义） 3. 寻找线索（定义、举例、对比、同义等线索） 4. 推断词义（根据线索合理猜测） 5. 代入验证（将选项代入原文，看句意是否通顺） 原文：He is a kind of omnivore, for he eats both plants and animals.  ——根据“eats both plants and animals”推断 omnivore 意为“杂食动物” 常用线索 1. 定义/解释：即通过系动词、定语从句或同位语解释生词；标志词有 is/are called， means， that is， which is 等。 2. 举例：通过 for example， such as， like 等列举的同类事物反推词义。  however， although， while， unlike 等与已知信息形成对比，反推词义。 4. 同义/近义：通过 and， or， in other words 等连接的同义词或近义词推断词义。 5. 因果：because， so， therefore， as a result 等推理出生词含义。 定义线索：He is a linguist, that is, a person who studies languages.（linguist 意为“语言学家”） 对比线索：He is very frugal, but his brother is very wasteful.（frugal 与 wasteful 对比，意为“节俭的”） 因果线索：She was exhausted because she had worked all day.（exhausted 意为“精疲力竭的”） 代词指代 1. 代词通常指代前文提到的人、物或整句话 2. 单数代词（it/this/that）→ 单数名词或整句内容 3. 复数代词（they/these/those）→ 复数名词 4. 用“替换法”验证：将选项替换原文代词，句意通顺即为正确答案 原文：The weather was terrible. It made us stay at home.  ——It 指代前句的“The weather” 干扰项特征 1. 字面含义（该词的字面意思，但不符合上下文） 2. 无关含义（与上下文毫无关系） 3. 字面拼凑（将词的一部分意思拼凑起来） 4. 相反含义（与上下文意思相反） 5. 以偏概全（只符合部分语境，不符合整体） 原文：The film was tedious, so many people left early.  ——tedious 意为“枯燥的” 错误选项：exciting（相反含义） 【即时训练】 In many countries, people have picnics in parks or on the beach. They bring food like sandwiches, fruit and drinks. They eat outside and enjoy the sunshine. Many families like to do this on weekends. 1. The word “picnics” in the passage probably means _____. A. 聚餐 B. 野餐 C. 宴会 D. 烧烤 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查词义猜测。根据下文“They bring food like sandwiches, fruit and drinks. They eat outside”可知，他们带食物在外面吃，由此推断 picnics 意为“野餐”。故选 B。 Tom is a very generous boy. He often shares his food with his classmates. He also gives his old toys to the poor children. Everyone in his class likes him because he is always ready to help others. 2. The word “generous” in the passage probably means _____. A. 自私的 B. 慷慨的 C. 懒惰的 D. 勤奋的 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查词义猜测。根据下文“He often shares his food with his classmates. He also gives his old toys to the poor children”可知，他经常与同学分享食物，还把旧玩具送给贫困儿童，由此推断 generous 意为“慷慨的”。故选 B。 The weather in the desert is very extreme. It can be very hot during the day, over 40°C, but at night it can be very cold, sometimes below 0°C. People who live there must be careful about the temperature changes. 3. The word “extreme” in the passage probably means _____. A. 温和的 B. 极端的 C. 潮湿的 D. 舒适的 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查词义猜测。根据下文“It can be very hot during the day, over 40°C, but at night it can be very cold, sometimes below 0°C”可知，白天气温极高，夜晚气温极低，由此推断 extreme 意为“极端的”。故选 B。 The old man lived a peaceful life in the small village. He woke up early, walked in the garden, and talked with his neighbors. There was no noise or hurry. He enjoyed this quiet and relaxing life very much. 4. The word “peaceful” in the passage probably means _____. A. 忙碌的 B. 平静的 C. 有趣的 D. 富有的 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查词义猜测。根据下文“He woke up early, walked in the garden, and talked with his neighbors. There was no noise or hurry. He enjoyed this quiet and relaxing life”可知，没有噪音和匆忙，他喜欢这种安静放松的生活，由此推断 peaceful 意为“平静的”。故选 B。 The weather was terrible. We had to cancel the trip because of the heavy rain. Everyone was disappointed. We decided to go to the cinema instead. 5. The word “cancel” in the passage probably means _____. A. 推迟 B. 取消 C. 计划 D. 完成 【答案】 B 【详解】 考查词义猜测。根据下文“because of the heavy rain”以及“We decided to go to the cinema instead”（决定改为去电影院）可知，因为大雨，原旅行计划不再执行，由此推断 cancel 意为“取消”。故选 B。 04 真题溯源·考向感知 35 (2025年河北省对口升学考试阅读理解) A Jobs We’d Like to Do Eric I want to make computer programs when I’m older. My cousin, Karl, works in IT and makes cartoons and games. I learn much from him, especially cartoon making. It is challenging, but cool! I have made up my mind to do it as my future career. Mike I love sports most and want to teach sports when I’m older. After high school, I want to study sports science at college. Upon graduation, I want to help with after-school clubs. Henry I play a lot of musical instruments (乐器) and want to study music at university. After that, I’d like to get a job in a band. My dream is to work at music. 46. Who wants to make computer programs? A. Eric. B. Karl. C. Mike. D. Henry. 47. What does Mike plan to do at college? A. Make cartoons. B. Work in a band. C. Study sports science. D. Play instruments. 48 What is Henry’s dream? A. To learn IT. B. To be a scientist. C. To help with clubs. D. To work at music. 【答案】46. A 47. C 48. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Eric、Mike和Henry三人未来想要从事的职业。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Eric”部分中的“I want to make computer programs when I’m older. (当我长大了，我想编写计算机程序。)”可知，Eric想制作电脑程序。故选A。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Mike”部分中的“After high school, I want to study sports science at college. (高中毕业后，我想在大学学习体育科学。)”可知，Mike计划在大学学习体育科学。故选C。 细节理解题。根据“Henry”部分中的“My dream is to work at music. (我的梦想是从事音乐工作。)”可知，Henry的梦想是从事音乐方面的工作。故选D。 (2025年河北省对口升学考试阅读理解)D Do you know that architecture (建筑设计) can make who we are? For example, studies showed that rooms with lower roofs can make you more focused, while rooms with higher roofs can make you more creative. Connecting nature with buildings is good for our bodies and minds. People who grew up in the countryside are less likely to have mental illnesses than those raised in cities, as a study mentioned. Architecture that lacks soul can worsen our moods. Another study showed that people’s moods become worse as they walk past the dull glass front of a supermarket. They even start walking faster, as if they want to get away quickly. (2025年河北省对口升学考试阅读理解)D To make architecture more interesting, designers should avoid too many flat (平的) and straight designs. These kinds of designs don’t allow light and shadow (影子) to create interesting patterns, making building seem boring. To add life to architecture, designers should pick colors carefully to create different moods. Bright colors like yellow and orange can make people feel happy and energetic, while calm colors like blue and green can help people feel relaxed. So, to get good moods, surround yourself with buildings that make you happy and, ideally, let you see nature too. 57. What is good for our bodies and minds according to paragraph 2? A. Adding dull colors. B. Having flat and straight designs. C Allowing shadow in. D. Connecting nature with buildings. 58. What does the underlined word “patterns” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Shapes. B. Places. C. Guides. D. Messages. 59. What kind of architecture can make people happy? A. With calm colors. B. With bright colors. C. With lower roofs. D. With higher roofs. 60. What is the passage mainly about? A. Light and studies. B. Light and moods. C. Architecture and moods. D. Architecture and cities. 【答案】57 D 58. A 59. B 60. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建筑设计如何影响人们的情绪，指出将自然与建筑相结合对身心有益，缺乏灵魂的建筑会恶化情绪，同时介绍了让建筑更有趣的设计方法以及能让人快乐的建筑特点。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Connecting nature with buildings is good for our bodies and minds. (将自然与建筑相结合对我们的身心都有好处。)”可知，将自然与建筑相结合对我们的身心有好处。故选D。 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“To make architecture more interesting, designers should avoid too many flat and straight designs. These kinds of designs don’t allow light and shadow to create interesting patterns, making building seem boring. (为了使建筑更有趣，设计师应该避免太多平坦和直线的设计。这些设计不允许光和影子创造出有趣的patterns，使建筑显得乏味。)”可知，平坦和直线的设计不允许光和影子创造出有趣的形状，否则建筑会显得乏味，所以“patterns”意思是“形状”。故选A。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Bright colors like yellow and orange can make people feel happy and energetic, while calm colors like blue and green can help people feel relaxed. (明亮的颜色，如黄色和橙色，可以让人感到快乐和充满活力，而平静的颜色，如蓝色和绿色，可以帮助人们感到放松。)”可知，明亮的颜色的建筑能让人快乐。故选B。 【60题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do you know that architecture can make who we are? For example, studies showed that rooms with lower roofs can make you more focused, while rooms with higher roofs can make you more creative. (你知道建筑设计能造就我们是谁吗？例如，研究表明，低天花板的房间能让你更专注，而高天花板的房间能让你更有创造力。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了建筑设计如何影响人们的情绪。故选C。 【60题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do you know that architecture can make who we are? For example, studies showed that rooms with lower roofs can make you more focused, while rooms with higher roofs can make you more creative. (你知道建筑设计能造就我们是谁吗？例如，研究表明，低天花板的房间能让你更专注，而高天花板的房间能让你更有创造力。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了建筑设计如何影响人们的情绪。故选C。 (2023年河北省对口升学考试阅读理解)C Paper-cut is a kind of Chinese traditional art. Since the invention of paper, paper-cut has become popular in many places of China. The material and tools used for paper cutting are simple, paper and scissors. Paper-cuts are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, on festive (喜庆的) occasions such as weddings, red paper- cuts are the first choice for decorating doors and windows. Everything can become the theme of paper-cuts, from people to things that can be found in everyday life. They are often pasted on the windows, walls, doors or lanterns to express the feelings of joy, happiness and hope in life. There are different styles of paper-cuts, the most famous of which are the southern and northern styles. The style in the southern area of China is delicate (精巧的)，with scenery, birds and flowers as the main subjects. The northern style is simpler and more expressive because of its rough (粗矿的) lines and designs. 51. Paper-cut_____________. A. has a short history B. has a long history C. is a modem invention D. is a new invention 52. On festive occasions,___________paper-cuts are usually used. A. red B. yellow C. black D. blue 53. What material and tools are commonly used in paper cutting? A. Doors and windows. B. Paper and scissors. C. Birds and flowers. D. Lanterns and walls. 54. __________feelings are usually expressed by the paper-cuts. A. Angry B. Sad C. Happy D. Calm 55. According to the passage, the styles of Chinese paper-cuts are divided by_____________. A. area B. subject C. time D. color 【答案】51. B 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统艺术——剪纸的起源、特点、材料、用途以及不同地域的风格。文章结构清晰，首先介绍了剪纸的基本信息和流行原因，随后阐述了剪纸的主题和用途，最后对比了南北方剪纸的不同风格。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Since the invention of paper, paper-cut has become popular in many places of China. (自从纸张发明以来，剪纸在中国许多地方变得流行起来。)”可知纸张发明的时间非常久远，而自从纸张发明以来，剪纸就变得流行，说明剪纸也有着悠久的历史。故选B。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Paper-cuts are usually made of red paper, because red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, on festive occasions such as weddings, red paper- cuts are the first choice for decorating doors and windows. (剪纸通常由红纸制成，因为在中国传统文化中，红色与幸福紧密相连。因此，在婚礼等喜庆场合，红色剪纸是装饰门窗的首选。)”可知在喜庆的场合，通常使用红色剪纸。故选A。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The material and tools used for paper cutting are simple, paper and scissors. (剪纸所需的材料和工具都很简单，就是纸和剪刀。)”可知在剪纸中通常使用纸和剪刀等工具。故选B。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are often pasted on the windows, walls, doors or lanterns to express the feelings of joy, happiness and hope in life. (它们经常被贴在窗户、墙壁、门或灯笼上，以表达生活中的喜悦、幸福和希望之情。)”可知剪纸通常表达幸福之情。故选C。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“There are different, styles of paper-cuts, the most famous of which are the southern and northern styles. (剪纸有多种风格，其中最著名的是南派和北派。)”可知中国剪纸的风格依据地域划分。故选A。 Thank you for watching $