UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world(课时跟踪检测)-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习学用Word（译林版）

**基本信息** 以科学家事迹为主题，整合阅读理解、七选五、读后续写题型，通过Gladys West等真实人物案例考查语言能力与思维品质，适配高中英语一轮复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|8题|细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、人物性格分析|选用真实科学家素材，问题设计从基础信息到深层推断| |阅读七选五|5题|篇章结构、逻辑衔接|聚焦黄旭华事迹，考查上下文连贯能力| |读后续写|1题|情节发展、语言表达|围绕科学展主题，要求续写个人体验，体现创新应用|

UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·湖南衡阳期中）Gladys West， the mathematician， was born in 1930 in Virginia and had to help harvest crops on her family’s farm.The hard work started before daybreak and lasted well into the blistering heat of the afternoon.To get out of there， she was going to get an education. 　　Her parents tried to save some money to send her to college， but unexpected bills kept hitting the fund.Then a teacher announced that the state was going to give a college scholarship to the two top students from her year.Finally， West got the scholarship， allowing her to attend Virginia State College， a historically black university. 　　West decided to major in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject.It was largely studied by men， but she didn’t take much notice of them as she knew deep in her heart that nothing was getting in her way.After graduating， she became a teacher.A few years later， she returned to the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics.Then she was offered a job at a naval base in Dahlgren， Virginia.This made her only the second black woman to be hired to work as a programmer at the base. 　　Despite her intellectual abilities and career success， West felt she was inferior.It was this feeling， deeply rooted and felt， by many African Americans that drove her to work as hard as she could.West determined to commit herself to her work， hoping that by doing it to the best of her ability， she could get recognition for her work. 　　West did just that.In 1979， she became project manager for the Seasat project， the first satellite that could monitor the oceans.She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer， providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel.This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.In 1998， aged 68， she intended to focus on her PhD after retirement.She eventually finished her graduation thesis and gained her PhD in public administration and policy affairs in 2000 at the age of 70. 1.What helps Gladys West to go to the university？（　　） A.Her teacher’s aiding her. B.Her parents’ paying for the expenses. C.Her family background. D.The scholarship from the government. 2.What can we infer from the text？（　　） A.West got all her degrees after retirement. B.Men dominated maths field in West’s days. C.Black women scientists’ talent was fully appreciated. D.When she began to work， West felt she was superior to others. 3.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean？（　　） A.A basic part. B.A detailed map. C.A building material. D.A major obstacle. 4.What kind of person is Gladys West？（　　） A.Helpful and serious. B.Honest and hard-working. C.Ambitious and committed. D.Considerate and devoted. B 　　（2026·江苏盐城一模）Heman Bekele whipped up the most dangerous of what he called his “potions” when he was just 7 years old.He’d been conducting his own science experiments with keen interest for about three years by that point， mixing up whatever he could get his hands on at home and waiting eagerly to see the results. 　　Last October， the 3M company and Discovery Education selected Heman， a rising 10th-grader， as the winner of its Young Scientist Challenge.His prize： $25，000.His accomplishment： inventing a soap that could one day treat and even prevent multiple forms of skin cancer. 　　Born in Addis Ababa before moving to the US， Heman recalls that some of his earliest memories were of seeing laborers working in the burning sun， usually with no protection for their skin. 　　It didn’t take too long for him to start thinking about how he might help.A few years ago， he read about imiquimod， a drug that is approved to fight one form of skin cancer.Typically， imiquimod is prescribed as a front-line drug， but Heman wondered if it could be made available more easily to people in the earliest stages of the disease.A bar of soap， he thought， might be just the delivery system for such a lifesaving drug， not just because it was simple， but because it would be a lot more affordable. 　　There was a long way to go between inspiration and application， however.Carrying out his idea was more complicated than simply mixing the drug into an ordinary bar of soap， since any healing power the imiquimod might possess would just be washed down the drain.The answer was to combine the soap with a lipid-based （脂质基） nanoparticle （纳米颗粒） that would stay on the skin when the soap was washed away. 　　Heman remains humble about what he’s accomplished.“Anybody could do what I did，” he says.“I just came up with an idea and worked towards it.” 5.What can we infer about Heman’s personality as a young boy according to paragraph 1？（　　） A.Ambitious and tolerant. B.Curious and passionate. C.Hard-working and athletic. D.Generous and determined. 6.What inspired Heman to invent the new type of soap？（　　） A.His desire to help those in need. B.His passion for science research. C.His dream of winning the prize. D.His pursuit of public recognition. 7.Why does Heman consider soap the best option for delivering the drug？（　　） A.It contains imiquimod. B.It provides shelter from sun exposure. C.It reduces side effects. D.It is inexpensive and accessible. 8.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about？（　　） A.The application of Heman’s soap in daily life. B.The development of soap-making technology. C.Difficulty and resolution in delivering imiquimod. D.Process and requirements of using the special soap. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Huang Xuhua’s legacy as China’s nuclear submarine pioneer embodies the triumph of intellect over adversity.His journey began in 1926， Guangdong， where a childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassembling complex devices and accurately reassembling them.9.　　 This amazing talent secured his place in Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s naval architecture program， shaping his destiny. 　　When tasked in 1958 with developing China’s first nuclear submarine， Huang faced great obstacles： zero foreign technical support and scarce resources.10.　　 Astonishingly， his team verified hull curvature （船体曲率） precision using chicken bones as hydrodynamic models.Such ingenuity made up for the lack of supercomputers. 　　The project’s secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice.For three decades， Huang’s family believed he worked at an ordinary factory.11.　　 His mother only discovered his true mission in 1987 through a magazine article， tearfully embracing her son who had prioritized national duty over family obligations. 　　12.　　 Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land， he insisted on boarding the submarine.This 300-meter successful dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China’s naval strength. 　　In his 90s， Huang advocated integrating traditional craftsmanship with AI-driven simulations.13.　　 His life’s philosophy — scientific rigor （严谨） and patriotic devotion are inseparable — perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival. A.He reinstalled a wall clock successfully after taking it down. B.Huang redefined the leadership during the 1988 deep-dive test. C.His sisters thought he performed routine maintenance tasks daily. D.Colleagues remember equations covering his office walls for years. E.Critics argued traditional methods couldn’t achieve millimeter precision. F.Historical records showed 90% of technical solutions required original innovation. G.He instructed youths to balance technological advancement with ethical responsibility. Ⅲ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2026·安徽宿州期末）The school bell rang， signaling the end of another math class.I packed up my things and headed towards the door， math symbols still racing through my mind.As I stepped into the hallway， I noticed a group of students gathered around a new poster on the bulletin board.Curious， I joined them and read the announcement： “School Science Fair： Sign up now and showcase your talents！” A wave of excitement washed over me.After all， my chance to dive into a project I was passionate about was approaching. 　　I rushed home and started brainstorming ideas for my science fair project.Fascinated by renewable energy， I decided to focus on solar power.I spent hours researching and planning， determined to create a model of a solar-powered system that could be used in everyday life.Days turned into weeks， and I worked tirelessly， improving my model and writing up my findings. 　　To win a prize， the project had to be both innovative and practical.I decided to build a scale model of a solar-powered water heater， a device that could be easily installed on rooftops to provide hot water for households.This would not only demonstrate the efficiency of solar energy but also its potential to save money and reduce pollution.I spent countless evenings after homework， constructing the model from recycled materials and small solar panels I ordered online. 　　The big day finally arrived.I arrived early to set up my display， carefully arranging my model， charts， and informational handouts on the table.A small solar-powered light was even brought to show additional examples of how solar energy worked.As visitors began to stream in， I stood by my model， ready to answer any questions they would throw to me. 　　By turning a dial to simulate （模仿） the angle of the sun， visitors saw how it affected the amount of energy my model could collect.This hands-on component made my display more engaging and helped visitors understand the science behind solar power in a more vivid way. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　Time going by， more and more visitors gathered around me.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　At the end of the day， I felt a sense of achievement beyond any prize.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4　Scientists who changed the world Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了出身农民家庭的West通过自己的不懈努力考进大学研究数学专业，最后成为一名优秀的女科学家并作出巨大贡献的故事。 1.D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，是奖学金使得West能够进入大学。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的It was largely studied ... in her way.可知，在West那个时代里，男人主宰着数学领域。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句及其上一句可知，这个数学模型是GPS的基础。由此推测，画线短语意为“基石”。 4.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一至四句和最后一段最后两句可知，West是一位有雄心抱负的人；根据第四段最后一句可知，她是一位尽心尽力的人。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位14岁学生Heman Bekele因发明抗击皮肤癌的肥皂而获得“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。 5.B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，赫曼作为一个小男孩有好奇心，并且充满热情。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段以及第四段第一句可知，想帮助那些需要帮助的人激发了赫曼发明这种新型肥皂。 7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，赫曼认为肥皂是输送药物的最佳选择因为它既便宜又容易获得。 8.C　段落大意题。第五段主要讲述了传递咪喹莫特的困难及解决办法。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作为中国核潜艇先驱的黄旭华的一生及其贡献。 9.A　上文讲述黄旭华童年时的天赋。A项（他把挂钟拆下来后，成功地重新安装了挂钟）是对上文的具体举例。 10.F　根据上句可知，本段主要讲述黄先生受命开发中国第一艘核潜艇时面临的困难。F项（历史记录显示，90％的技术解决方案需要原始创新）是对上句的详细举例。 11.C　根据上文可知，本段讲述因为保密需要，家人一直以为黄先生做的普通的工作。C项（他的姐妹们认为他每天都在做日常维护工作）符合本段主题。 12.B　本段讲述了深浅测试，黄先生亲自登上潜艇测试。B项（在1988年的深潜测试中，黄重新定义了领导力）适合作为段落主旨句。 13.G　根据下文可知，本段讲述了黄先生的人生哲理。G项（他教导年轻人在技术进步和道德责任之间取得平衡）符合本段主题。 Ⅲ. 　　Time going by， more and more visitors gathered around me.Their eyes sparkled with curiosity as they inspected my solar-powered water heater model.Some were students like me， while others were teachers and even parents.One little boy， with a big pair of glasses， asked me how the solar panels converted sunlight into heat energy.I explained it to him patiently， using simple terms so he could understand.Another teacher praised my practical approach to using renewable energy.As I answered their questions one by one， I felt a growing sense of pride.The interaction with them not only deepened my understanding of the project but also made me realize the significance of spreading the knowledge of solar power. 　　At the end of the day， I felt a sense of achievement beyond any prize.Whether I would win or not didn’t seem to matter much anymore.The process of researching， building， and sharing my project had been a rewarding journey.I had learned so much about solar energy， and more importantly， I had the opportunity to inspire others with my work.The conversations I had with the visitors made me believe that I could contribute to the popularization of renewable energy in some small way.This experience had not only enhanced my scientific skills but also given me the confidence to explore more scientific fields in the future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $