内容正文:
第十八章
厚长城
定语从句·
定语从句的构成
关系代词
关系副词
定语从句的主谓一致
历史悠久
95
·定语从句的构成
关系词“
■
先行词
The Great Wall is a
wall that was built
1 ong ago.长城是一堵
很久以前建造的墙。
d0
0600
关系词
先行词、
The wall that you
are walking on is
over 600 years
old.你们现在走
的这段墙有600
多年历史了。
在主从复合句中作定语,修饰名词、代词等的从句叫定语从句。定语
从句的作用相当于形容词,通常置于所修饰的词后面。定语从句中修饰的
名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先行词+公、
,心*关系词
I prefer movies
that give me something to think about.
主句
定语从句
我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。
113
96
烽火始
关系代词·
。
关系代词
This is one of the
beacon towers that-
played a key role in
ancient defense.这
是古代防御中起关键
作用的烽火台之一。
7
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,根据其在定语从句中的作用,分为关系
代词和关系副词。
引导定语从句的关系代词:
that
which
·表示人或物,作主语或宾语
·表示物,作主语或宾语
·在从句中作宾语时可省略
·在从句中作宾语时可省略,在介
I read a book (that)I bought
词后作宾语时不可省略
last week.
I bought a camera (which)I
我读了一本我上周买的书。
found online
我买了一个我在网上找到的相机。
who
whom
·表示人,作主语或滨语
·表示人,只能作宾语
·在从句中作宾语时可省略
·在从句中作宾语时可省略,在介
He visited his uncle (who)he
词后作宾语时不可省略
hadn't seen for ten years.他去
She is the teacher (whom)I
看望了他已经十年没见的叔叔。
asked for help
她是我曾寻求过帮助的那位老师。
whose
·表示人或物
She is the girl whose brother is a pilot
·在从句中作定语
她就是那个哥哥是飞行员的女孩。
14
美丽风景
97
关系副词·
。
关系副词
This is the place
-where you can see the
whole view.这是你可
以看到整个风景的地方。
引导定语从句的关系副词
·指时间
·在从句中作时间状语,可与on/in/at/..+which互换
when
I still remember the day when/on which we first met.
我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
●指地点
●在从句中作地点状语,可与at/in/to/.+which互换
where
That's the park where/in which we had a picnic.
那就是我们野餐过的公园。
●指原因
●在从句中作原因状语,可与for which互换
why
Do you know the reason why/for which she was late?
你知道她迟到的原因吗?
115
98
赞美
·关系词只用that不用which的情况·
最高级
The Great Wall is one of
1-the most beautiful sights
that've ever seen.长城是
我见过的最美丽的风景之一。
关系词只用that不用which的情况:
①先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰
I have never taken anything that didn't belong to me.
我从来没有拿过不属于我的东西。
②先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰
This is the very book that I'm looking for.这正好是我要找的书。
③先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰
This is the first letter that I've written in English.
这是我用英语写的第一封信。
④先行词既有人又有物
We talked about people and things that we remembered in middle
school..我们谈论了我们记得的中学时的人和事情。
⑤主句以疑问词which或who开头的特殊疑问句
Which is the hotel that you like best?
哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?
116
孟美女
9
·关系词只用which不用that的情况·
Do you know Meng
Jiangnu?你们知道
孟姜女吗?
引导非眼制性定语从句
The story about Meng Jiangnu,which you
told me last time,really touched me.你上次
告诉我的关于孟姜女的故事,真的打动了我。
关系词只用which不用that的情况:
①先行词是that、those
We don't like that which he did.我们不喜欢他做的那件事。
②关系代词前有介词且指事物
The pen with which you are writing is Mary's.
你正用来写字的那支钢笔是Mary的。
③引导非限制性定语从句
I like this chair,which was bought yesterday.
我喜欢昨天买的这把椅子。
117
100
拍照留念
·关系词只用who不用that的情况·
There are some tourists
who are taking photos
那里有几个游客正在拍照。
Now it is the free time
for taking photos..现在是
自由拍照时间。
关系词只用who不用that的情况:
①先行词为one、ones、anyone等指人的不定代词
I will ask someone who likes serious movies.
我会问喜欢严肃电影的人。
②先行词为those且指人
Those who want to go to the Summer Palace sign up here.
想去颐和园的人在这里报名。
118