UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS(课时跟踪检测)-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习学用Word（人教版）

**基本信息** 聚焦自然灾害主题，精选湖南、济南等多地模拟题，涵盖阅读理解（12题）和阅读七选五（5题），融合个人经历、科学研究与地质现象，考查语言理解与思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|12题|细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意|真实情境（如地震预防经历、太阳活动与地震研究），梯度设题（基础到能力）| |阅读七选五|5题|篇章结构、逻辑衔接|自然现象（黎明合唱），考查语篇连贯与信息补全|

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·湖南省“一起考”部分学校大联考）As the first girl in my family， I was born in Venezuela， twelve months to the day before one of the biggest earthquakes in the country’s history struck the capital city Caracas in 1967.I’ve always seen this as a sign of my destiny. 　　Disasters have the potential to set back a nation’s development for years and even decades.However， my personal experiences have taught me that the extent of damage often depends on whether there is a culture of prevention within the affected society. 　　I recall a time when I was living in an apartment building when a moderate earthquake struck.My reaction， after the immediate “drop， cover， hold on” reflexes （反射动作）， was to hope that the building would prove to be structurally sound.As the shaking slowly stopped， I ran outside to wait for possible aftershocks.My fears， thankfully， did not happen.It had resisted the quake because it followed the country’s building codes. 　　Occasions like this show the necessity of having updated building codes that include lessons learned from past disasters.Had the building not followed these updated codes， I may not have survived.This experience has only strengthened my belief in the value of prevention in mitigating the impact of disasters. 　　I have spent the past two years working on the Built Environment in Latin America and the Caribbean Project.The project has developed risk-informed policies and engineering techniques in the six countries that were selected for their particularly high exposure to earthquakes.This project fits perfectly with my professional and personal goals， as it combines my passion and experience in risk reduction.Like the third little pig in the tale of Three Little Pigs， who puts resilience （韧性） above convenience while building his house from bricks， I’m committed to building a framework of prevention and resilience， as I know that early action today can prevent problems tomorrow. 1.What does the author refer to as her destiny？（　　） A.Rebuilding cities after disasters. B.Experiencing many earthquakes. C.Doing work related to earthquakes. D.Updating building codes in Venezuela. 2.Why did the earthquake mentioned in paragraph 3 impress the author？（　　） A.She realized the danger of earthquakes. B.She felt she did not respond well enough. C.She was very lucky to escape with her life. D.She recognized the importance of prevention. 3.What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 4 mean？（　　） A.Causing. B.Reducing. C.Ignoring. D.Avoiding. 4.What does the tale of Three Little Pigs imply？（　　） A.Teamwork matters in preventing disasters. B.Risk reduction work requires a lot of skills. C.Damage caused by disasters can be avoided. D.Building houses needs passion and experience. B 　　（2026·济南三模）Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes： tectonic plates （构造板块） move， causing strain energy （应变能） to build up， and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake.However， forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge， which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster， it resulted in more than 18，000 deaths. 　　In recent years， researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes.Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes， a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba （UT） cast light on this possibility， confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and that Earth’s climate， as affected by solar heat， played a role. 　　“Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes， which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement，” said Junqueira Saldanha， leader of the research team.“Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart.For example， the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries.While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes， they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” 　　Among other findings， the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth.They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model， the forecasting became more accurate， especially for shallow earthquakes.“That makes sense， since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust （地壳），” said Saldanha. 　　The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes， however minutely， and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts.“It’s an exciting direction， and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes，” said Saldanha. 5.Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in paragraph 1？（　　） A.To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B.To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C.To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D.To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 6.What does the study by UT mainly focus on？（　　） A.The climate change caused by earthquakes. B.The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C.The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D.The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 7.Which of the following would Saldanha agree with？（　　） A.Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B.Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C.Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D.Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 8.What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean？（　　） A.Reveal. B.Distinguish. C.Expand. D.Assess. C 　　（2026·安徽省A10联盟模拟预测）The Great Lakes are a significant source of freshwater， and their formation can be traced back to an ancient geological phenomenon that occurred about 300 million years ago.New research reveals that the Cape Verde hotspot， an intense heat source beneath the Earth’s crust （地壳）， played a key role in shaping the region long before glaciers carved out the lakes during the Ice Age.Today， this hotspot is located beneath the Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic Ocean， but millions of years ago， it was positioned beneath North America. 　　The American Geophysical Union （AGU） noted that this hotspot caused the crust under the future Great Lakes to heat， stretch， and sink over tens of millions of years.These changes created depressions that glaciers later deepened and filled with water around 20，000 years ago. 　　A team led by seismologist （地震学家） Aibing Li discovered this connection through seismic wave studies.They observed directional variations in wave speeds， indicating crust deformation.Their research showed that about 300 million years ago， the Cape Verde hotspot was positioned beneath Lake Superior and later shifted under Lakes Huron and Erie before moving into the Atlantic around 170 million years ago. 　　The study explains how hotspots， typically associated with volcanic activity， can shape landscapes without creating surface volcanoes.The Great Meteor hotspot， another ancient heat source， left a clearer trail of volcanic rocks in North America.However， evidence of the Cape Verde hotspot’s influence was hidden beneath layers of crust. 　　Moreover， this discovery raises new questions about the formation of other large lakes worldwide.Researchers are now investigating whether hotspots have contributed to the creation of other lakes by thinning the Earth’s crust and forming low-lying areas.This research not only solves a long-standing mystery about the Great Lakes but also opens new avenues for studying how ancient geological forces continue shaping the world we live in today. 9.What caused the crust under the Great Lakes to change？（　　） A.Glacial movement. B.Volcanic eruptions. C.The Cape Verde hotspot. D.The Great Meteor hotspot. 10.What can be inferred about the Cape Verde hotspot？（　　） A.It is still under North America. B.It deepened the existing lakes. C.It caused visible volcanic rocks. D.It moved gradually over millions of years. 11.What might researchers explore next based on the study？（　　） A.How glaciers formed other lakes. B.Whether hotspots shaped other lakes. C.The impact of volcanoes on freshwater. D.The history of the Great Meteor hotspot. 12.Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　） A.Hotspots Shape the Earth’s Crust B.Seismic Studies Help Detect Crust Changes C.Volcanoes Are Responsible for the Great Lakes D.New Research Explains the Great Lakes Formation Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2026·长沙模拟）As spring begins， so does a fresh song at daybreak， unique to the season.Just before the sun rises， birds start singing their melodies， creating a symphony.This phenomenon is known as the dawn chorus and this harmony of birdsong at dawn happens during a fundamental time of the year.The dawn chorus is， in fact， mostly composed of birds of both genders singing to find a mate.13.　　 They need to compete with each other as well， and the louder， the better in regard to who is the most impressive mate. 　　14.　　 There’s a lot of debate， and it seems that there is no general agreement on exactly why it is that everything happens at dawn.One possibility is that weather conditions at dawn make it easier for birdsong to travel.15.　　 Sound also transmits more clearly when humidity （湿度） is higher so that details of the song do not degrade as much over distance.It may also be that in the morning， after the night has passed， male birds want to inform their competitors that they’re still there， claiming their territory. 　　Witnessing the dawn chorus can be a rewarding experience， and this phenomenon can also help scientists work on bird conservation.16.　　 For example， scientists record the dawn chorus to understand which species live in an area， or how populations are changing. 　　Fortunately， anyone can listen to it.This spring， just wake up early， bring a cup of coffee， head out into nature， and stand still and listen.17.　　 It’s the most natural soundtrack on Earth， which is just so wonderful. A.These birds sing louder to be heard. B.What makes birdsong much louder in the morning？ C.It’s better to do some research on how birds sing and hum. D.But why birds sing in the early morning is still an open question. E.Generally， sound travels farther when the air is cooler and denser. F.You don’t need to know how to identify bird calls or songs to just appreciate them. G.Listening to birdsong is a window into the health of the species and the ecosystem. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者出生于委内瑞拉首都发生地震的前一年，这让作者认为自己与地震相关的工作有某种命运联系。作者通过自身经历深刻认识到预防的重要性。作者还参与相关项目，致力于构建预防和抗灾框架。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知，作者将从事与地震相关的工作视为自己的命运。 2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段以及第四段第一句可知，第三段提到的地震给作者留下深刻印象是因为她认识到了预防的重要性。 3.B　词义猜测题。上文提到建筑遵循规范抵御地震，由此可知，预防是为了“减轻”灾害影响。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，就像《三只小猪》故事里的第三只小猪，用砖头盖房子时把韧性置于便利之上，我致力于构建一个预防和具备韧性的框架，因为我知道今日尽早行动，明日便可防患于未然。由此可知，《三只小猪》的故事暗示通过像第三只小猪一样注重韧性（预防措施），灾害造成的损害是可以避免的。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对太阳活动与地震之间关系的研究，指出太阳热量传递到地球表面会对地震产生影响，将太阳活动预测纳入地球温度模型可能有助于地震预报。 5.B　写作意图题。根据第一段第二句可知，提及该地震是为了论证上文“地震预测困难”的观点。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，该研究聚焦太阳黑子与地震的关联。 7.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，研究结果表明，太阳热量向地球表面的转移确实会影响地震，尽管影响很小，而且将太阳活动预测纳入详细的地球温度模型可能有助于发布地震预测。由此可知，萨尔达尼亚认为太阳活动数据对预测地震有帮助。 8.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，decipher后的宾语是 “地震成因的更大图景”，结合上文研究的目的是弄清楚太阳活动与地震的关系，以帮助预测地震，也就是要“揭示”地震成因等相关内容。所以 decipher意为“揭示，解读”。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过研究发现佛得角热点对五大湖形成的重要作用，并探讨其对全球其他湖泊的影响。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句及第二段第一句可知，佛得角热点导致五大湖下的地壳发生变化。 10.D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第三段第三句可推知，佛得角热点在数百万年里逐渐移动。 11.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，研究人员接下来可能会探索地热点是否塑造了其他湖泊。 12.D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了新研究揭示了五大湖的形成原因——佛得角热点在数百万年前对五大湖所在区域的地壳产生了影响，后来冰川活动进一步塑造了这些湖泊。 Ⅱ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸟类在黎明时分鸣唱的现象——黎明合唱，包括其目的、可能的原因，以及这一现象对科学家研究鸟类保护的作用，还鼓励人们去聆听这一自然之声。 13.A　上文指出鸟类鸣唱是为了寻找配偶，下文强调它们在竞争中叫声越大越有优势。A项承接上文找配偶的内容，引出下文关于声音大小的竞争，与上下文逻辑紧密。 14.D　下文提到对于鸟类在黎明鸣唱的原因存在诸多争论，没有普遍共识。D项引出了下文关于这一原因的讨论，符合语境。 15.E　上文说明黎明的天气条件利于鸟鸣传播，下文进一步阐述湿度对声音传播的影响。E项具体说明了天气条件中空气状况对声音传播的影响，与上下文关于天气影响鸟鸣传播的内容相呼应。 16.G　上文提到黎明合唱能帮助科学家进行鸟类保护工作。G项进一步解释了这一现象对科学研究的意义，与上文内容相契合。 17.F　上文鼓励人们早起去聆听黎明合唱。F项进一步说明欣赏这种自然之声无需专业知识，与上文鼓励聆听的内容相呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $