UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【优学精研】2027年高考英语一轮总复习教用Word（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、短语、句型及写作等核心考点，按“基础清单—考点突破—迁移应用—真题实战”逻辑架构知识体系，通过阅读/核心词汇分类梳理、多义单词辨析、句型公式总结等环节夯实基础，结合高考真题解析与分层练习，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破难点。 讲义创新采用“三维词汇训练”（语法填空+微写作+语境佳句）和“写作阶梯训练”（美句积累—连句成篇），融入构词法、句型转换等策略，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础巩固、能力提升练习及真题实战模块，配合即时反馈，助力学生高效提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

单元知识 必备清单 Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认 1.Confucius 　　　孔子 2.mansion n.　　公馆；宅第 3.cemetery n.　　墓地；公墓 4.philosophy n.　　哲学（比较：psychology n.心理学） 5.descendant n.　　后裔；后代；子孙 6.heel n.　　足跟；后跟 7.Achilles’ heel　　（喻）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 8.kingdom n.　　王国；领域 9.currency n.　　通货；货币（current n.水流；电流） 10.military adj.　　军事的；军用的 11.ancestor n.　　祖宗；祖先 12.courtyard n.　　庭院；院子 13.county n.　　郡；县（对比：country n.国家） 14.cattle n.　　牛（cattle单复数同形） 15.scent n.　　气味；气息 16.stew n.　　炖菜（有肉和蔬菜） vt. & vi.　　炖；煨 17.sensory adj.　　感觉的；感官的 18.transition n.　　过渡；转变（前缀：trans-表示“转变；变换”） Ⅱ.多义单词——我会辨 1.chief adj.　　最重要的；最高级别的 n.　　首领；酋长 2.amount n.　　金额；数量 vi.　　总计，共计；相当于，等于 3.position n.　　位置；姿态；职位 vt.　　安装；安置；把……放在适当的位置 4.roll vi. & vt.　　（使）翻滚；发出持续的声音 n.　　卷（轴）；翻滚 5.dot n.　　点；小（圆）点 vt.　　加点；遍布 Ⅲ.核心单词——我会写 1.individual adj.　　单独的；个别的 n.　　个人 2.nearby adj.　　附近的；邻近的 adv.　　在附近 3.conquer vt.　　占领；征服；控制 4.battle n.　　战役；搏斗 vi. & vt.　　搏斗；奋斗 5.port n.　　港口（城市） 6.gallery n.　　展览馆；画廊 7.landscape n.　　风景（同义词：scenery； view） 8.ensure vt.　　保证；确保；担保 9.butter n.　　黄油；奶油 vt.　　涂黄油于 10.honey n.　　蜂蜜 11.snack n.　　点心；小吃 12.feast n.　　盛宴；宴会；节日（a feast for the eyes视觉盛宴） 13.roar vi. & n.　　吼叫；咆哮；放声大笑 14.ocean n.　　大海；海洋 15.pub n.　　酒吧；酒馆 16.wine n.　　葡萄酒；果酒 17.beer n.　　（一杯）啤酒 Ⅳ.拓展词汇——我会拓 1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj.困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的 2.belong vi.应在（某处）；适应→belonging n.归属→belongings n.所有物；财产 3.defence n.防御；保卫→defend vt. & vi.防御；保卫；（为……）辩护vt.辩解；防守→defensive adj.防御的→defender n.防守队员；守卫者 4.surround vt.包围；围绕；围住 →surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.周围的事物；环境 5.legal adj.法律的；合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegal adj.违法的 6.evidence n.证据；证明→evident adj.明显的→evidently adv.明显地 7.achievement n.成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.取得；达到→achievable adj.可完成的；可达到的 8.location n.地方；地点；位置→locate vt.找出……的位置；把……设置在→located adj.坐落于；位于 9.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt.深深吸引；迷住→fascinated adj.入迷的；极感兴趣的 10.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n.慷慨；大方 11.eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.急切地；热心地→eagerness n.热切；渴望 12.charge n.收费；指控；主管；充电 vt.收费；控告；充电 vt. & vi.猛冲；猛攻→recharge vt.再充电；恢复体力；恢复精力→charged adj.带电的；高度兴奋的；紧张的 13.announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n.通告；宣告→announcer n.播音员，节目主持人 14.approach n.方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近→approachable adj.可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的 15.greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n.问候；招呼；迎接→greetings n.贺词；问候语 16.crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤vi.涌进；蜂拥而至；涌上（心头）；涌入（脑海）→crowded adj.拥挤的 17.poet n.诗人→poem n.诗→poetry n.诗歌→poetic adj.诗歌的 18.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike n.罢工 vt. & vi.报时；突击；侵袭；击打；撞 vt.打动，给（某人以）印象；突然想到 vi.罢工 19.custom n.风俗；习俗；习惯→customs n.海关 Ⅴ.重点短语——我会记 1.join ...to ...　　　 　把……和……连接或联结起来 2.break away （from sb/sth）　　脱离；背叛；逃脱 3.belong to　　属于 4.as well as 　　同（一样也）；和；还 5.keep your eyes open （for）　　留心；留意 6.add ...to ...　　把……添加到……中 7.refer to　　谈到；查阅；指的是 8.take over　　接收；接管 9.leave behind　　把……抛在后面；留下；遗留 10.have a great influence on　　对……有极大影响 Ⅵ.单元佳句——我会用 1.So what is the difference between them， if any？　（if的省略结构） 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ 2.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.　（have sth done） 他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。 3.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.　（with复合结构） “绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 高考高分 提升密码 Ⅰ.高考阅读疑难词汇——清障有法 构词法 形容词 后缀-able 表示“能够……的；可以……的；值得……的；具有……性质的” 写出下列蓝体词的词性和含义 1.（2025·全国一卷）Making electricity more affordable. 　　adj.买得起的；负担得起的　 2.（2024·全国甲卷）You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable，but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere， one that fits what’s right for the characters. 　　adj.不可预测的　 3.（2024·九省联考）Variety in diet and toys， travel， and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change. 　　adj.能适应的　 Ⅱ.2025新增课标词汇——精准备考 1.economy n.经济；节约；组织 adj.经济的；廉价的 ①boost/stimulate the economy　　刺激经济 ②market economy　　市场经济 ③digital economy　　数字经济 ④make economies　　节约开支 ⑤economy class　　经济舱 The circular economy aims to minimize waste by reusing and recycling materials. 循环经济旨在通过重复利用和回收材料来最大限度减少浪费。 2.eliminate v.排除；消除 ①eliminate sb/sth （from sth）　把某人/某物（从……中）消除 ②eliminate the possibility of ...　　排除……的可能性 ③eliminate poverty/hunger　　消除贫困/饥饿 Scientists are developing a new material that can eliminate harmful toxins from the air， potentially eliminating a major source of pollution. 科学家们正在研发一种能清除空气中有害毒素的新材料，可能消除一个主要污染源。 核心知识 点面突破 charge n.收费；指控；主管；充电vt.收费；控告；充电；（向……）冲 练通 单句语法填空 ①（2025·全国一卷）The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy， according to Tu Ningning， who is 　in　 charge of the exhibition. 写美 微写作 ②店主没有收我买面条的钱，我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。　（情感描写） The shop owner 　charged me nothing for the noodles　， and I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude well up within me. （1） charge sb with （doing） sth指控某人犯……罪 charge sb money for sth　　因某事/物收某人钱 charge at　　扑向 （2）free of charge　　免费 in charge of　　掌管（表状态） take charge of　　掌管（表动作） in the charge of　　由……负责 佳句 The fierce wolf， opening its bloody mouth， sprang to its feet and charged at me as if to eat me up.　（动作描写） 那只恶狼张开它血淋淋的嘴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把我吃掉似的。 amount n.金额；数量 vi.总计，共计；相当于，等于 练通 单句语法填空 ①Large amounts of money raised in the charity sale 　have been donated　 （donate） to the local school. 写美 微写作 ②暑假期间我挣的钱总计2，000美元，这笔钱可以帮助我养家。　（细节描写） The money I earned during the summer holiday 　amounted to 2，000 dollars　， which could help support my family. （1）the amount of……的数量 a small/large/huge amount of＋不可数名词＋动词（单数） small/large/huge amounts of＋不可数名词＋动词（复数） （2）amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于 佳句 Tears streamed down his face when he realised the amount of pain and agony she had gone through.　（情绪描写） 当他意识到她所经历的痛苦和折磨时，眼泪顺着他的脸流了下来。 approach n.方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近 练通 单句语法填空 ①The figures of the chart show there are various approaches to 　learning　 （learn） English beyond the classroom.　（短文投稿） ②　Approaching　 （approach） the finish line， he burst into a big toothy smile and waved to me with excitement.　（兴奋神情描写） 写美 一句多译 ③中秋节快到了，我想邀请你和我们一起过中秋节。　（邀请信） →　With the Mid-Autumn Festival approaching　，I’d like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.（with复合结构） →　 At the approach of the Mid-Autumn Festival　， I’d like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.（介词短语） （1）an approach to （doing） sth　（做）某事的方法/途径 at the approach of　　 在快到……的时候 （2）be approaching　　正在/将要接近 with ...approaching　　在……快到的时候 approach sth/sb　　接近某物/某人 佳句 As I approached， I spotted him leaning against his car， a warm smile on his face.　（动作＋神情描写） 当我走近时，我看到他靠在他的车上，脸上带着温暖的微笑。 联想 “（做）……的方法”的其他表达： ①the method of （doing） sth ②the way to do/of （doing） sth ③the means of （doing） sth eager adj.热切的；渴望的 练通 单句语法填空 ①Learning that you’re leaving for the United States soon， I’m 　eagerly　 （eager） writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help.　（感谢信） 写美 微写作 ②当他们朝我的方向走来时，我露出了最灿烂、最快乐的微笑。我想让他们知道我真的很想帮助他们。　（心理描写） As they came in my direction， I put on my brightest and happiest smile. I wanted to make them know that 　I was really eager to help them　. （1）be eager to do sth　　渴望做某事 be eager for sth　　渴望得到某物 （2）eagerness n.　　热切；渴望 with eagerness　　热切地；急切地 （3）eagerly adv.　　热切地；急切地 佳句 Everyone is eager for success， but success only belongs to those who are determined and persevering. 每个人都渴望成功，但成功只属于那些意志坚定、坚持不懈的人。 联想 名词后缀-ness ①quick→quickness n.快速 ②nervous→nervousness n.紧张 as well as 同（一样也）；和；还 练通 单句语法填空 ①John， as well as his colleagues， 　is　 （be） responsible for the project’s success， as they all contribute valuable insights and hard work. 写美 微写作 ②天气太糟了，大雨倾盆，狂风呼啸，我们倒不如待在家里。　（环境描写） The weather is so bad， with heavy rain pouring and strong wind blowing， 　that we might as well stay at home　. ③“我保证会信守诺言，”我补充道，同时把我的手表和名片递给他。　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） “I promise I will keep my word，” I added， 　handing him my watch as well as my business card　. （1）as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与as well as之前的主语一致。 （2）as well as表示“既……又……”时，可连接两个平行结构。 （3）as well表示“也；又；还”时，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。 （4）may/might as well do sth倒不如做某事；不妨做某事 佳句 I’m writing to convey my sincere gratitude. It was your efforts as well as your professional guidance that helped me make great progress. 　（感谢信） 我写这封信是为了表达我诚挚的谢意。正是您的付出和专业的指导帮助我取得了巨大进步。 puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 佳句背诵 ①I have been thinking over this problem for quite a long time， but it is still a puzzle to me. 我思考这个问题很长时间了，但它对我来说仍然是一个谜。 ②What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.　（心理描写） 令莉莉的朋友困惑的是，为什么她总是有如此多疯狂的想法。 靓句写作 He stood beside the window， 　with a puzzled look on his face　. 他站在窗边，脸上带着困惑的神情。 敲黑板 ①puzzle over　　苦苦思索 ②be puzzled by （sb/sth）　　对…… 感到不解 ③hold sb in puzzle　　使某人困惑不解 ④be in a puzzle　　感到困惑 ⑤a puzzled look/expression　　困惑的表情 句型公式：if条件状语从句的省略形式 教材原句：So what is the difference between them， if any？ 如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ 写美 微写作 ①如果你方便的话，我们早上八点半在学校大门外见面。如果不方便，让我知道什么时间最适合你。 If it is convenient for you，let’s meet at 8：30 a.m. outside the school gate. 　If not， let me know what time suits you best　. ②这种善意的行为对我产生了持久的影响。即使多年以后，我总是尽可能地向他人伸出援手。　（主旨升华） This kind act has a lasting influence on me and I always 　give others a helping hand if possible　 even so many years later. 常见的if构成的省略结构： if so　　如果是这样的话 if not　　如果不这样的话；如果没有 if ever　　如果有过/发生过的话 if any　　如果有的话 if possible　　如果有可能；如果可能的话 if necessary　　如果有必要的话 佳句 If so， it is high time that you started making changes for yourself and for all humanity. 如果是这样的话，那么你早就该为自己、也为全人类开始做出改变了。 句型公式：with复合结构 教材原句：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes， with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 写美 微写作/句式升级 ①因为要参加一个重要的讲座，本周日我不能和你郊游了。　（道歉信） 　With an important lecture to attend　， I can’t go outing with you this Sunday. ②Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.　（心理描写） →Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms， 　with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes　.　（with复合结构） →Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms， 　tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes　.　（独立主格结构） with复合结构在句中常作状语和定语，其结构为： with＋宾语＋to do （表示将来的动作） with＋宾语＋doing （表示主动或进行） with＋宾语＋done （表示被动或完成） with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词 佳句 ①With a broad smile spreading across his face， my brother extended his arms and hugged me. 　（2025·全国一卷） 我哥哥的脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容，伸出手臂抱住了我。 ②With all the popcorn sold out， he was full of joy. 所有的爆米花都卖完了，他高兴极了。 高效迁移 微点练全 一词多义/熟词生义 1.crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤；（想法或观点）涌入（头脑） vi.聚集；涌向 ①（2025·北京卷）They themselves don’t know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of academic difficulty. 　　n.人群；一群人；民众　 ②The square was crowded with people celebrating the festival.　　vt.挤满　 ③Thousands of football fans crowded into the field at the end of the game.　　vi.聚集；涌向　 ④Many concerns and questions crowded her thoughts as she prepared for the new job.　　vt.（想法或观点）涌入（头脑）　 2.position n.位置；姿态；职位；处境 vt.安装；安置，使处于 ①She stood with a confident position， her head held high and her shoulders back.　　n.姿态　 ②（2025·北京卷）In the ninth grade， I went in for my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl.　　n.职位　 ③Being in a difficult position， she had to make a tough decision about her future.　　n.处境　 ④They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars， which were positioned on the hill.　　vt.安置　 ⑤（2023·全国乙卷）The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.　　n.位置　 3.One day， she went on a hike and saw the hillside dotted with wildflowers.　　vt.遍布　 4.What’s the best way to approach this problem？　 　vt.处理　 5.Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32.　　vi.竞争　 6.The wind picked up and thunder rolled.　　vi.（雷或鼓）隆隆作响　 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.In the competition， all the teams were playing at their best in high spirits， 　surrounded　 （surround） with all the rest students， who were watching excitedly. 2.Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to 　working　 （work） things out. 3.As soon as we came to the new city，we found ourselves eager 　to have　 （have） a taste of local snacks. 4.My English teacher， who has been teaching for twenty years， 　is in charge of the school work　 （负责学校的工作）. 5.During the class， I painted a landscape featuring the towering green trees and the clear blue sky， 　with a group of ducks swimming in the lake　 （一群鸭子在湖中游泳）.　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） 单句语法填空/完成句子 1.（2024·1月浙江卷）Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt 　announced　 （announce） that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. 2.Now that they have made great 　achievements　 （achieve）， they are looking forward to the celebration 　eagerly　 （eager）. 3.Without your 　generosity　 （generous） and inspiration， I would not have made such 　striking　 （strike） progress. 4.　A crowd of students gathered at the science fair　 （一群学生聚集在科学展览会上）， eagerly displaying their innovative projects. 　应用文增分练——“最美中华”栏目投稿 　　假定你是李华，你市留学信息网站新增了名为《最美中华》的栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个国内你喜欢的或去过的地方，内容包括： 　　（1）该地情况； 　　（2）该地特色； 　　（3）你的感受。 第一步　根据单元知识写美句 1.说到我最喜欢的地方，应该优先考虑我的家乡！（When it comes to ...） 　When it comes to the place I like most， my hometown should be given priority！　 2.我的家乡位于中国西部，虽然面积不大、人口不多，但它确实有其引人注目的吸引力。（过去分词短语作状语；striking） 　Located in the west part of China， my hometown is not very large in size and population， but it does have its own striking attraction.　 3.它风光宁静秀美，环境令人叹为观止，可爱的乡村点缀其间，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。（dotted with； with复合结构） 　Its peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes，with its breathtaking surroundings dotted with lovely villages.　 4.绿树成荫、连绵起伏的山脉以及潺潺的溪流都让游客着迷。（分词作宾语补足语； rolling； as well as） 　The green trees， rolling mountains，as well as bubbling streams can all get visitors fascinated.　 5.漫步在美景之中，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，你会觉得每天都是宁静和快乐。（分词短语作状语） 　Wandering in the beautiful scenery， breathing the scent of fresh flowers， you’ll feel every day filled with peace and joy.　 6.家乡景色如此美丽，我的家乡在我心中总是占有特殊的位置一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。（it is not surprising that） 　With all this beauty， it is not surprising that my hometown always occupies a special place in my heart.　 第二步　连句成篇创佳作 　　把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。 My Favourite Place 　　　When it comes to the place I like most， my hometown should be given priority！　 　　　Located in the west part of China， my hometown is not very large in size and population， but it does have its own striking attraction. Its peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes， with its breathtaking surroundings dotted with lovely villages. The green trees， rolling mountains， as well as bubbling streams can all get visitors fascinated. Wandering in the beautiful scenery， breathing the scent of fresh flowers， you’ll feel every day filled with peace and joy.　 　　　With all this beauty， it is not surprising that my hometown always occupies a special place in my heart.　 　读后续写微技能——走近乡野，山峦花海伴露营 积累教材续写语料——有效强化教考衔接 词汇积累 情感描写：eager→eagerly→eagerness； puzzle→puzzling→puzzled； fascinate→fascinating→fascinated 动作描写：break away from； belong to； surround； battle； keep your eyes open （for）； approach； greet； crowd 佳句积累 修辞手法：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes， with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.　（比喻） 动作描写：On a quiet morning in the mountains， feel the sun on your skin， and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. 环境描写：And down by the sea， the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast. 情感描写：With all this beauty， it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music， dancing and dining. 拓展续写话题素材——精准构建表达基石 自然环境细节描写（二） 经典词汇 1.dew n.露水；露 2.frozen adj.结冰的 3.horizon n.地平线 4.freezing adj.极冷的 5.spring n.春天；泉水　　 6.golden adj.金黄色的 7.colourful adj.五彩斑斓的 8.thunder n.& v.雷声；打雷 9.snow-covered adj.积雪覆盖的 靓点语块 1.spring showers春雨 2.cherry blossoms樱花盛开 3.be dotted with shining stars繁星点点 4.a season for harvest/revival丰收/复苏的季节 5.be covered with a layer of green覆盖一层绿色 6.wrinkle the surface of the lake使湖面泛起涟漪　　 7.be bathed in the golden sunshine沐浴在金色的阳光下 8.tall branches waving in the wind在风中摇曳的高高的树枝 9.look like the boundless yellow carpet看起来像无边无际的黄色地毯 　 出彩佳句 1.Spring thunder rumbled with continuous rain which moistened the whole earth. 春雷隆隆，连绵的雨水滋润着整个大地。 2.With spring approaching， the earth gets covered with a layer of green. 随着春天的临近，大地被覆盖了一层绿色。 3.The sun was setting in the west， casting a golden glow over the mountains in the distance. 太阳从西边落下，在远处的群山上投下了金色的光芒。 4.The ground was covered with tender grass，on whose blades some dew drops were glistening in the sunshine. 地上长满了嫩草，叶子上一些露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。 5.A gentle breeze came up， wrinkling the surface of the lake. It was really a beautiful morning.　（分词短语作状语） 一阵微风吹过，使湖面泛起涟漪。这真是一个美丽的早晨。 6.Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully and restlessly.　（拟人） 鸟儿在树林里飞翔，不停地欢唱。 7.Through the damp greenness， it was a clear stream which ran quite merrily along on its narrow way. 穿过这片潮湿的绿草地，一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的水道欢快地流淌着。 重拳锤炼续写场景——积累内化应用提升 　　场景导入：和妈妈一起旅行，当车轮缓缓驶入近郊乡村，一幅清新治愈的画卷瞬间映入眼帘…… 　　Approaching the nearby countryside， 1.　we were greeted by rolling mountains and green grass dotted with countless wild flowers　 （映入我们眼帘的是连绵起伏的山峦和点缀着无数野花的绿草地）. Mom slid the door open， charged outside and eagerly announced the need to put up the tent. When we put up the tent， 2.　the surrounding peaceful landscape as well as the scent of fresh flowers all kept us fascinated　 （周围宁静秀美的风光和鲜花的芬芳都让我们着迷）. Suddenly， our forgetful mom 3.　murmured in a puzzled voice　 （困惑地喃喃道），“Oh， why I forgot the pillows！” 4.　We roared with laughter　 （我们放声大笑）. Despite the ache of our necks the next day， sweet memories of the trip 5.　crowded in on us　 （涌上我们心头）. 　　（2023·全国乙卷，阅读D）If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of the world， for most of the time， has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements， and until fairly recently even many literate （有文字的） societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. 　　Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects， and some chapters of this book are able to do just that， but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict， at Botany Bay， between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side， we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side， we have only a wooden shield （盾） dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day， the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. 　　In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides， there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted， especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas， all of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact （联系） between literate and non-literate societies such as these， all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted， only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation， we have to read not just the texts， but the objects. 　　 做真题——感悟命题角度 32.What is the first paragraph mainly about？ A.How past events should be presented. B.What humanity is concerned about. C.Whether facts speak louder than words. D.Why written language is reliable. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的整个世界的历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要事情。由此可推知，过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字。 33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2？ A.His report was scientific. B.He represented the local people. C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，库克船长的记录是片面的。 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to？ A.Problem.　 B.History. C.Voice.　 D.Society. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句可知，我们对历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，也要找到相关的实物。由此可知，conversation指的是“历史”。 35.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？ A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World B.A Short History of Australia C.A History of the World in 100 Objects D.How Art Works Tell Stories 解析：C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故本文最有可能选自《100件实物中的世界历史》。 理脉络——构建篇章思维 再利用——拓宽词句积累 （一）由文本积阅读词汇 1.humanity n.　 人类 2.object n.　　实物；物品 3.question v.　　对……提出质疑 4.account n.　　叙述；描述 5.necessarily adv.　　必然地；必定 6.bring together　　汇集 7.give them back a voice　　让他们重新发声 8.read not just the texts　　不仅仅解读文字 （二）由文本积派生（合成）词汇 1.reconstruct v.[派生] 重建；改造 （re-＋construct） 2.achievement n.[派生] 成就（achieve＋-ment） 3.one-sided adj. [合成] 片面的，单方面的；不公正的 （one＋sided） 4.first-hand adj.[合成] 第一手的；直接的（first＋hand） （三）由文本知变式运用 1.privilege [熟义] n. 特权，特殊待遇→[生义] v.　给予特权　（第一段第一句） 2.twist [熟义] n.扭动，转动；弯曲处→[生义] v.　歪曲，曲解　（最后一段第一句） （四） 由文本探析长难句 The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book， can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made： a history told through things gives them back a voice. 分析：这是一个复合句。whom引导　非限制性定语　从句，修饰The Caribbean Taino， the Australian Aboriginals， the African people of Benin and the Incas；　定语　从句they made修饰objects；过去分词短语told through things作　后置定语　，修饰history。 译文：　加勒比地区的泰诺人、澳大利亚土著人、非洲贝宁人和印加人，所有这些在本书中出现的人们，现在都可以通过他们制作的物品向我们铿锵有力地讲述他们过去的成就：通过实物讲述的历史让他们重获发声的机会。　 　　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·山东省实验中学质检）China’s meat consumption has increased rapidly and diversified in the last 60 years. 　　Go back to China in the 1960s， and you’ll find that the average person ate very little meat.This isn’t surprising — almost the whole country lived in great poverty at that time while it has always been a fact that meat consumption is closely connected with and mostly depends on income： as countries get richer， they tend to have more diverse， meat-heavy diets. 　　However， as the chart shows， meat supply per person has increased significantly over the last sixty years.In 1962， annual consumption was just 4 kilograms per person.By 2022， it had increased almost 18-fold to 70 kilograms. 　　It’s not only the amount of meat consumed that’s changed.In the 1960s and 1980s， almost all meat came from pork.Today， pork still dominates， but it is joined by more poultry and beef. 　　This change in diet matters for various reasons.More diversified diets， which are not only about animal products， tend to be more nutritious than monotonous （单调的） staple-heavy diets that are common for people living in poverty.But this increase in meat consumption also comes with a large environmental impact and consequences for animal welfare. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了1962年到2022年间中国人均肉类消费的变化，重点讨论了肉类消费量的增加以及消费种类的多样化。 1.How much did pork consumption per person increase from 1982 to 2022？（　　） A.55 kg.　 B.39.9 kg. C.27.3 kg.　 D.12.6 kg. 解析：C　数字计算题。根据图表可以看出，2022年人均肉类消费为70 kg，猪肉占比57%；1982年人均肉类消费为15 kg，猪肉占比84%。通过计算，2022年和1982年之间的猪肉消费量差异为：70 kg × 57%－15 kg × 84%＝27.3 kg。所以1982年至2022年，人均猪肉消费量增长了27.3 kg。 2.Why did the average person in China eat little meat during the 1960s？（　　） A.Meat was unaffordable for most people. B.There was a serious shortage of meat production. C.People preferred to eat other foods rather than meat then. D.The government limited the amount of meat people could consume. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，20世纪60年代时，国家处于贫困阶段，而肉类消费与人们的收入密切相关。由此可知，人们当时的肉类消费水平低是因为买不起肉。 3.Which of the following matches people’s present diet？（　　） A.It’s more environment-friendly than before. B.People enjoy a more diverse mix nowadays. C.It places especially heavy emphasis on fat intake. D.Poultry and beef have become the main meat supply. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段以及最后一段中的More diversified diets ...for people living in poverty.可知，过去人们的肉类消费几乎全是猪肉，如今猪肉虽仍占主导，但多了家禽肉和牛肉等，饮食种类更丰富。 B 　　（2026·辽宁省名校联考）In the remote villages of Western Alaska， a time-honored tradition known as “throwing parties” or “uqiquq” in the Yugtun language means the commencement of the hunting and fishing season. This custom is deeply rooted in the community’s culture， serving as a celebration of not only the first catch but also significant life milestones such as graduations， births， and weddings. 　　Mertarvik， a village situated a dozen miles from the Bering Sea， recently witnessed such a festive occasion. Mildred Tom， a local resident， took the initiative to organize this event to honor her daughter’s graduation and her grandchildren’s achievements. For several months， she had been carefully gathering and storing gifts in her home， preparing for the big day. 　　The key to a throwing party lies in the joyous act of sharing. As the elders secure their positions among the gathering， Tom， along with her daughter Teddy Ann Bell and niece Amy Kassaili， engages in the heartwarming ceremony of tossing （投掷） gifts from a blue plastic container high into the air. The items， which include various candies， toys， and household items， represent a contemporary adaptation of the age-old practice of distributing the season’s first catch. 　　As the distribution of gifts concludes， the younger members of the community search through the snow for any overlooked treasures. Each person departs with a special item， symbolizing the strengthening of communal （群体的） bonds that will last until the next throwing party in the fall. 　　Safety and practicality are also considered in this celebration. Items that could pose a risk or are too large， such as wooden spoons， are carefully packed into canvas bags for distribution. The party serves double purpose， not only as a family celebration but also as a vital community gathering. 　　This tradition stands as a symbol of the resilience （韧性） and solidarity of Western Alaska’s people， who depend on one another and their natural surroundings for life and a sense of belonging. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个阿拉斯加西部的偏远村庄“投掷派对”的传统，讲述了活动的过程和体现的内涵。 4.What does the underlined word “commencement” in paragraph 1 mean？（　　） A.Conditions.　 B.Custom. C.Experiences.　 D.Beginning. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词后内容可知，这个习俗庆祝第一次捕获。由此可知，画线词所在句表示狩猎和捕鱼季节的开始。因此画线词意为“开始”。 5.What are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about？（　　） A.How to stay safe at the throwing party. B.How the throwing party has developed. C.How Tom’s family hold the throwing party. D.How to make the throwing party heartwarming. 解析：C　段落大意题。通读第三、四段可知，这两段主要讲述了汤姆一家是如何举办投掷派对的。 6.What was the throwing party initially intended to do？（　　） A.Distribute the season’s first catch. B.Celebrate life’s significant milestones. C.Honor the achievements of family members. D.Attract people to participate in a community gathering. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The items ...represent a contemporary adaptation of the age-old practice of distributing the season’s first catch.可知，投掷派对最初打算分发第一批猎物。 7.What’s the spirit of throwing parties？（　　） A.Sharing and unity. B.Courage and bond. C.Excellence and strength. D.Creativity and optimism. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The key of a throwing party lies in the joyous act of sharing.以及最后一段可知，开派对的精神是分享和团结。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2026·济南模拟）In a cold winter， a 　8　 had to move out from the Luxury Villa because of the bankruptcy （破产）. The man 　9　 day and night to support the family but with no care of his wife. So the woman 　10　， “He doesn’t love me any more； he only cares about his 　11　， not me.” 　　One day， she began to take a 　12　.He stopped her at the door， “Let me take it first， okay？” 　　“Why not let me do first，” she asked. 　　“I was 　13　， sweetie， you take it later， okay？” She was totally depressed. 　　On a morose day， she 　14　 nothing to do and turned on his computer. A few words 　15　 her eyes. It was his diary： 　　Today， I was quite sad， she 　16　 me why I was always taking the bath first， and I said to her， I was exhausted. She was unhappy.In her mind， I 　17　 her not as well as 　18　， but how can I do？ I was not as rich as before！ We 　19　 the small apartment.There was only a shower in the bathroom， and it was so cold to take a shower in such a freezing winter. But I found that if one person took the shower first， the room could get a little warm， so every time I rushed to the bathroom first. I was thinking that， when she took the shower， the room would get 　20　， at least 1 ℃， 2 ℃ or 3 ℃. 　　Now I can’t give her comfortable life， bring her the luxury restaurant， make her 　21　 expensive dresses， but at least， I can give her 1 ℃ 　22　. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一对夫妇破产后搬入小公寓，丈夫为养家奔波，妻子不解他为何总是第一个洗澡，以为是爱意变淡了。后来妻子从丈夫日记中得知，他此举是想让房间暖些，让自己洗澡时更舒适。 8.A.friend　 B.couple C.classmate　 D.parent 解析：B　根据下文with no care of his wife可知，破产的是一对夫妇。 9.A.enjoyed　 B.examined C.relaxed　 D.struggled 解析：D　根据day and night to support the family可知，男人夜以继日地努力养家。 10.A.rated　 B.envisioned C.deemed　 D.figured 解析：C　根据He doesn’t love me any more可知，女人认为丈夫不再爱自己了。 11.A.colleague　 B.undertaking C.dilemma　 D.dream 解析：B　根据语境可知，男人只关心他的事业，不关心妻子。 12.A.rest　 B.shower C.breakfast　 D.medicine 解析：B　根据下文I was always taking the bath first可知，此处指洗澡的事情。take a shower表示“洗澡”。 13.A.courageous　 B.intrinsic C.fatigue-laden　 D.exhilarated 解析：C　根据下文丈夫日记中的I was exhausted可知，丈夫说自己太累了要先洗澡。 14.A.secured　 B.replied C.structured　 D.abolished 解析：A　此处指妻子无事可做，用secure nothing to do。 15.A.floated　 B.blurred C.shadowed　 D.enchanted 解析：B　根据下文丈夫在日记里解释自己先洗澡是为了温暖房间推测，妻子因此感动，泪水模糊了眼睛。 16.A.questioned　 B.supposed C.empowered　 D.scolded 解析：A　根据why I was always taking the bath first可知，妻子质问丈夫为什么要先洗澡。 17.A.argued　 B.snorted C.treated　 D.grinned 解析：C　根据上文with no care of his wife可知，丈夫对待妻子不如过去那么好了。 18.A.past　 B.present C.future　 D.day 解析：A　根据上文he doesn’t love me any more可知，妻子认为丈夫不爱自己了，不如过去对自己那么好了。 19.A.rented for　 B.dropped in C.left behind　 D.settled for 解析：D　根据the small apartment可知，破产的夫妇在小公寓里勉强将就。 20.A.cheaper　 B.more blissful C.plusher　 D.more tedious 解析：C　根据上文But I found that if one person took ... I rushed to the bathroom first.可知，妻子洗澡的时候房间会更舒服。 21.A.possess　 B.access C.quiz　 D.relinquish 解析：A　根据上文Now I can’t ...bring her the luxury restaurant可知，破产的丈夫无法让妻子拥有昂贵的衣服。 22.A.hatred　 B.punishment C.emotion　 D.satisfaction 解析：D　根据语境可知，破产的丈夫无法给妻子更好的物质生活，但是至少可以给妻子1 ℃的满足。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2026·湖北省信息卷） Over the past 30 years， a quiet war against nature has been launched in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to turn swaths of desert into 23.　　　　　　 vast forest. 　　Leading this 24.　　　　　　 （ecology） campaign is the city of Aksu， located on the edge of China’s largest desert， the Taklamakan， 25.　　　　　　 name is translated to “the place of no return”. As one of the biggest shifting sand dunes （沙丘） in the world， its size is slightly smaller than 26.　　　　　　 of Germany. 　　“You couldn’t open your eyes when the dark wind 27.　　　　　　 （sweep） across the land，” said 48-year-old Gan Yongjun. “The dark wind can be seen gathering from several kilometers away， the darkness 28.　　　　　　 （block） everything in view，” he explained. 　　For the past 30 years， Gan has been engaged in the Kekeya green project — one of the campaigns launched by local governments in 1986 to relieve the trouble caused by long-term dust storms. Engineers， geographers and other 29.　　　　　　 （special） were called to survey the land and figure out water sources. They were also tasked 30.　　　　　　 seeking ways to turn sand into soil fertile enough for plants 31.　　　　　　 （take） roots. 　　To date， with over 13 million trees 32.　　　　　　 （plant） in Aksu， agriculture has contributed a lot to the local economy. Now， people throughout China associate Aksu with its sweet and crunchy apples while other products such as dates have also become popular in the supermarkets. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在过去的30年里，新疆维吾尔自治区发动了一场无声的对抗自然的战争，将大片沙漠变成了森林绿洲。 23.a　考查冠词。空后的名词forest是一个可数名词，首次提到，应用不定冠词，且vast的发音以辅音音素开头。 24.ecological　考查形容词。空后的campaign是名词，该空需要一个形容词作定语。 25.whose　考查定语从句。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Taklamakan，指代先行词在从句中作定语修饰name，构成所属关系。 26.that　考查代词。此处为同类异物特指，且size为单数，应用that。that of Germany表示“德国的面积”。 27.sweeps　考查时态和主谓一致。所给动词sweep在when引导的状语从句中作谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语是the dark wind，与sweep构成主动关系，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。 28.blocking　考查非谓语动词。逗号后的部分为独立主格结构，the darkness与block之间是主动关系，应用动词-ing形式。 29.specialists　考查名词复数。该空需要一个表示人的名词与前面的Engineers， geographers并列作主语；根据Engineers， geographers，other及后面谓语动词中使用了were可知，该空应用名词复数形式。 30.with　考查介词。固定短语be tasked with表示“被分配……的任务”。 31.to take　考查非谓语动词。此处为形容词（fertile）＋enough （for sb/sth） to do 结构作结果状语，该空应用动词不定式形式。 32.planted　考查非谓语动词。此处所给动词plant意为“种植”，在句中作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，与宾语trees为逻辑上的动宾关系。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $