新知速递-自我服务偏差心理学分析（题目+答案+二次开发） -2026届高三英语三轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以四大主题为核心，构建“词汇-语篇-技法-写作”四维训练体系，融合解题方法与知识逻辑，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4题/心理学议论文|抓概念核心、理逻辑框架、排干扰选项|定义引入→原理解释→表现识别→应对策略| |七选五|5题/性格可塑性|递进逻辑、举例过渡、转折衔接|驳论（性格固定论）→立论（可改变）→方法（认知行为改变）| |完形填空|15题/工地善举|双线解题法（情节+情感）、细节呼应|偶然互动→双向温暖→捐赠支持→主题升华（小善举意义）| |语法填空|10题/光伏牧业|有提示词（时态/非谓语）、无提示词（连词/介词）|产业背景→生态效益→问题解决→协同发展逻辑|

高三 新知速递 【本期刷题精彩预告】 ①成功归我，失败怪谁？人人有的“偏心” ②性格像指纹固定？科学家说可重写 ③工地“比心”：一束光点亮病房 ④光伏板下放羊：草原“阳光经济学” 一、阅读理解 （2026·湖南·三模·★★★）Imagine you performed well in a test. What would you say? Most people would think: “I worked hard” or “I’m smart”. Now imagine you failed. The explanation often shifts: “The test was unfair” or “The teacher graded too strictly.” This tendency — taking credit for success but blaming failure on outside forces — is called the self-serving bias. This bias is grounded in how our brains protect us. Psychologists explain that we have a deep need to maintain a positive self-image. Accepting failure threatens that image, so our minds naturally look for external (外在的) explanations. Evolutionary biologist Steven Pinker describes such mental shortcuts as “moral illusions” — the ethical equivalent of optical illusions that trick our eyes. Just as our eyes can be fooled by bent lines, our moral judgment can be twisted by self-serving bias without even realizing it. So how do you know if you’re under its influence? Common signs include: having a great sense of the own worth, rejecting constructive criticism, blaming others for problems, struggling to accept failures, and overstating your own contributions to successes. If these sound familiar, the bias may be at work. The good news is that awareness is the first step towards overcoming it. Psychologists suggest several strategies to counter this bias. First, examine situations wholly — look at the full picture rather than just what favors you. Second, give credit to others when it’s deserved. Third, even when things go well, ask yourself what could have been better. Finally, consider the ethical dimensions of your decisions: Are you acting fairly, or just protecting your sense of worth? Self-serving bias is not a sign of bad character — it’s a normal human tendency. But left unchecked, it can damage relationships, block personal growth, and cloud moral judgment. By understanding how it works and learning to recognize it in ourselves, we can make fairer decisions and build a more accurate picture of who we really are. 1．How does the author introduce the term “self-serving bias”? A．By raising questions. B．By giving examples. C．By providing statistics. D．By quoting a saying. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The characteristics of self-serving bias. B．The historical origin of self-serving bias. C．The methods to overcome self-serving bias. D．The psychological theories behind the bias. 3．According to Paragraph 3, which indicates the presence of self-serving bias? A．Tom praised his opponent’s skill after losing the games. B．James failed a math test and blamed the noisy classroom. C．Lisa accepted her teacher’s feedback to improve herself. D．Emma thanked her teammates for the support after winning. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards self-serving bias? A．Objective. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Favorable. 二、七选五阅读 （2026·浙江·二模·★★★）Have you ever taken a personality test? If you’re like me, you’ve consulted BuzzFeed to discover which Taylor Swift song perfectly matches your soul. 5 But even some “serious” personality tests used to guide educational and career choices are also problematic. They assume your personality is fixed — implying you’re forever stuck with the personality you’re born with. But modern personality research suggests that personality can and does change over time. 6 If you shift your mindset to believe that “being on time shows respect”, take pride in arriving early, and develop consistent habits like setting an alarm, you are changing. If you maintain these changes in your thoughts, emotions and behaviors over time — voila! — you are reliable. Personality: changed. Data confirms this idea. Generally, personality changes across a person’s life span. As people age, they tend to experience fewer negative emotions and more positive ones. They are more responsible, more positive, and are less judgmental of others. 7 You can accelerate this transformation through intentional cognitive-behavioral changes. First, you must examine your thinking patterns. For example, if you believe that “people only care about themselves,” you are more likely to act defensively. This leads to the second step: changing your behavior. If you are always defensive, others might snap at you or walk away. This only confirms your belief that you can’t trust others. 8 If you try behaving more openly — perhaps sharing your difficulties with a co-worker — you may see that they respond with kindness. This positive experience helps change your outlook. In the end, these strategies work because your personality is simply your usual way of thinking and acting. 9 A．To break this cycle, try a new response. B．But you don’t have to wait for time to do the work. C．Suppose, for instance, you’re not super dependable. D．It might be obvious that such quizzes are not scientific. E．Some people change a lot and some people hold pretty steady. F．You may believe they describe you accurately, even when they don’t. G．By making small, daily changes, you can craft the personality you desire. 三、完形填空 （2026·河南周口·三模·★★★）What started as a simple exchange of flashlight signals has turned into a daily tradition filled with encouragement, kindness, and hope. Every afternoon around 3 pm, a small group of construction workers in Cleveland do one last thing before 10 for home. They climb to an upper floor of a building under construction, look toward a nearby 11 window, and wave, often forming heart 12 with their hands. On the other side, 4-year-old Brinley is 13 , returning the heart gestures back to them. The 14 began with an accident after Brinley had spent weeks in the hospital. One evening, Brinley and her father, Travis, 15 a flashlight toward the neighboring construction site. 16 , someone flashed a light right back at them. Not long after, construction workers taped a 17 facing Brinley’s room that read, “Get Well Soon.” The family 18 with one of their own: “Thank you. We’re waiting for a heart.” Another 19 soon appeared from the worksite: “Best wishes. Keep fighting.” After that, the construction workers decided to take the gesture even further. They 20 donations for Brinley, including coloring books, a signed hard hat, and a stuffed bear. Union carpenter Devan Nail explained how the experience 21 his coworkers. He said, “We wanted Brinley to know she has a whole group of 22 behind her.” Each day’s waves and heart signs have become a 23 that even small acts of kindness can mean the world to someone facing a (n) 24 journey. 10．A．working B．Looking C．leaving D．longing 11．A．school B．Hospital C．park D．community 12．A．rings B．Wishes C．gifts D．shapes 13．A．waiting B．Singing C．sleeping D．listening 14．A．experiment B．Strategy C．connection D．impression 15．A．received B．Moved C．threw D．shone 16．A．Puzzlingly B．Surprisingly C．Angrily D．Regrettably 17．A．notice B．Letter C．sign D．book 18．A．responded B．Performed C．released D．painted 19．A．skill B．Revision C．commitment D．message 20．A．swapped B．Organized C．settled D．rewarded 21．A．affected B．Categorised C．depressed D．exposed 22．A．ways B．Topics C．supporters D．suspects 23．A．schedule B．Reminder C．destination D．summary 24．A．interesting B．Powerful C．positive D．tough 四、语法填空 （2026·湖北武汉·三模·★★★）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Gonghe, Qinghai Province, Yehdor the herder (牧民) carries food and water while watching his sheep graze (吃草) across the summer landscape. Making the scene unique is the blue sea of solar panels overhead, as the sheep’s grazing grounds 25 (be) a photovoltaic (光伏的) industrial park. The Talatan photovoltaic industrial park covers 609 square kilometers and the flat land here enjoys rich solar energy resources, with 26 average annual sunshine duration of nearly 3,000 hours. The park’s enormous collection of solar panels not only generates electricity for distant provinces 27 acts as both a sunshade and a windbreak for the surrounding land. With average wind speeds 28 (reduce) by half, vegetation coverage in the area has grown to 80 percent. However, this vegetation growth hasn’t been 29 issues. The growing grass can 30 (dramatic) lower panel efficiency and cause fires in the dry winter months. To address this, the park invited villagers to raise their sheep under the solar panels. The sheep fertilize the area, allowing a green ecological chain 31 (form). In addition, herders can sell some of their sheep, 32 (secure) great financial benefits. Last year, 600 sheep 33 (task) with protecting the solar panels in the park. The photovoltaic industrial park has set an example of 34 industrial development, traditional practices, and environmental protection work hand in hand. The area is able to produce more power while improving the environment and maintaining the locals’ traditional way of life. 高三 新知速递 参考答案与试题解析 一、阅读理解 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文通过介绍“自我服务偏差”，解释其背后的心理学机制，列举其常见表现，并提出克服这一偏差的策略。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Imagine you performed well in a test. What would you say? Most people would think: “I worked hard” or “I’m smart”. Now imagine you failed. The explanation often shifts: “The test was unfair” or “The teacher graded too strictly.” This tendency — taking credit for success but blaming failure on outside forces — is called the self-serving bias.(想象一下你在一次考试中表现很好。你会怎么说？大多数人会想：“我很努力”或者“我很聪明”。现在想象你考砸了。解释往往会变成：“考试不公平”或者“老师打分太严格了”。这种倾向——把成功归功于自己，但把失败归咎于外部力量——被称为自我服务偏差。)”可知，作者先通过设想考试成功和失败两种场景下人们的不同归因方式来举例，从而引出“自我服务偏差”的定义。 2．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“This bias is grounded in how our brains protect us. Psychologists explain that we have a deep need to maintain a positive self-image. Accepting failure threatens that image, so our minds naturally look for external (外在的) explanations. Evolutionary biologist Steven Pinker describes such mental shortcuts as “moral illusions” — the ethical equivalent of optical illusions that trick our eyes. Just as our eyes can be fooled by bent lines, our moral judgment can be twisted by self-serving bias without even realizing it.(这种偏差植根于我们大脑保护自己的方式。心理学家解释说，我们有一种维持积极自我形象的深层需求。接受失败会威胁到这种形象，因此我们的头脑自然会寻找外部解释。进化生物学家Steven Pinker将这种心理捷径描述为“道德幻觉”——在伦理层面相当于欺骗我们眼睛的视错觉。正如我们的眼睛可能被弯曲的线条欺骗一样，我们的道德判断也可能在不知不觉中被自我服务偏差扭曲。)”可知，本段主要从大脑保护机制、维护积极自我形象的需求以及“道德幻觉”等角度解释该偏差背后的心理学理论。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Common signs include: having a great sense of the own worth, rejecting constructive criticism, blaming others for problems, struggling to accept failures, and overstating your own contributions to successes.(常见的迹象包括：对自己有极高的价值感、拒绝建设性的批评、把问题归咎于他人、难以接受失败，以及夸大自己对成功的贡献。)”可知，常见的迹象包括拒绝批评、把问题归咎于他人、难以接受失败、夸大自己的贡献，故James考试失败后责怪教室吵闹，正是将失败归因为外部因素的典型表现。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Self-serving bias is not a sign of bad character — it’s a normal human tendency. But left unchecked, it can damage relationships, block personal growth, and cloud moral judgment. By understanding how it works and learning to recognize it in ourselves, we can make fairer decisions and build a more accurate picture of who we really are.(自我服务偏差不是坏品格的标志——它是一种正常的人类倾向。但若不加以控制，它会损害人际关系、阻碍个人成长并扭曲道德判断。通过理解其运作方式并学会在我们自己身上识别它，我们可以做出更公平的决定，并建立更准确的自我认知。)”可知，作者既指出自我服务偏差是正常的人类倾向，又说明若不加以控制，会带来危害，同时提出要正视它、识别它，故他的整体态度是客观理性的。 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．G 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了性格并非固定不变，人们可以通过有意的认知和行为改变来塑造自己想要的性格。 5．前文“Have you ever taken a personality test? If you’re like me, you’ve consulted BuzzFeed to discover which Taylor Swift song perfectly matches your soul.(你是否曾经做过性格测试？如果像我一样，你曾通过浏览BuzzFeed来找出哪首泰勒·斯威夫特的歌曲最能与你的灵魂相契合。)”提到BuzzFeed上的娱乐性性格测试，后文“But even some “serious” personality tests used to guide educational and career choices are also problematic.(但即便是那些用于指导教育和职业选择的“严肃”性格测试也存在一些问题。)”用But转折，指出“严肃”的性格测试也存在问题。空格处需要先对娱乐性测试进行评价，形成递进关系。D 选项“It might be obvious that such quizzes are not scientific.(可能很明显这类小测验并不科学。)”，精准评价了前文提到的娱乐测试，为后文转折做铺垫。 6．前文“But modern personality research suggests that personality can and does change over time.(但现代性格研究表明，性格是可以而且确实会随着时间而改变的。)”提出“性格可以改变”的核心观点，后文“If you shift your mindset to believe that “being on time shows respect”, take pride in arriving early, and develop consistent habits like setting an alarm, you are changing.(如果你转变思维模式，认为“准时意味着尊重”，为早到的行为感到自豪，并养成诸如设置闹钟之类的习惯，那么你就是改变了。)”通过“守时→变得可靠”的具体例子进行说明。空格处需要一个过渡句引出这个例子。C 选项“Suppose, for instance, you’re not super dependable.(比如，假设你不是特别可靠。)”，直接引出后文关于如何变得可靠的具体阐述，逻辑连贯。 7．前文“Generally, personality changes across a person’s life span. As people age, they tend to experience fewer negative emotions and more positive ones. (一般来说，一个人的性格在其一生中会有所变化。随着年龄的增长，人们往往会经历较少的负面情绪，而更多积极的情绪。)”说明性格会随年龄自然变化，后文“You can accelerate this transformation through intentional cognitive-behavioral changes.(你可以通过有意识的认知行为改变来加速这一转变。)”指出“可以通过有意识的改变加速这一过程”。空格处需要一个转折句，从“自然变化”过渡到“主动改变”。B 选项“But you don’t have to wait for time to do the work.(但你不必等待时间来完成这项工作。)”，完美衔接上下文，强调了主观能动性的重要性。 8．前文“For example, if you believe that “people only care about themselves,” you are more likely to act defensively. This leads to the second step: changing your behavior. If you are always defensive, others might snap at you or walk away. This only confirms your belief that you can’t trust others.( 例如，如果你认为“人们只关心自己”，那么你更有可能采取防御性的态度。这就引出了第二步：改变你的行为。如果你总是采取防御姿态，别人可能会对你发脾气或者走开。这只会进一步证实你认为自己无法信任他人的想法。)”描述了“消极思维→消极行为→更消极思维”的恶性循环，后文“If you try behaving more openly — perhaps sharing your difficulties with a co-worker — you may see that they respond with kindness.(如果你尝试更加坦诚地表现——比如与同事分享你的困扰——你可能会发现他们会以友善的态度回应。)”给出了“尝试更开放行为会收获友善回应”的解决方法。空格处需要一个承上启下的句子，点明要打破这个循环。A 选项“To break this cycle, try a new response.(要打破这个循环，尝试一种新的回应方式。)”准确总结了前文的循环问题，并引出后文的解决方案。 9．空格位于文章结尾，需要对全文进行总结。前文“In the end, these strategies work because your personality is simply your usual way of thinking and acting.(最终，这些策略之所以有效，是因为你的个性其实就是你通常的思考和行为方式。)”指出性格是“通常的思维和行为方式”，空格处应介绍改变性格的方法。G 选项“By making small, daily changes, you can craft the personality you desire.(通过每天做出小小的改变，你可以塑造出自己想要的性格。)”，总结了全文主旨，呼应了 “性格可塑” 的核心观点。 【答案】 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了克利夫兰建筑工人与病童Brinley通过灯光和手势互相鼓励的暖心故事。 【详解】10．考查动词。句意：每天下午3点左右，克利夫兰的一小群建筑工人在离开回家前做最后一件事。A. working工作；B. looking看；C. leaving离开；D. longing渴望。根据空后“for home”以及前文“do one last thing”可知，工人们完成工作后回家，leave for home“动身回家”。 11．考查名词。句意：他们爬到在建大楼的上层，望向附近的一扇医院窗户，然后挥手，经常用手比出心的形状。A. school学校；B. hospital医院；C. park公园；D. community社区。根据后文“Brinley had spent weeks in the hospital”可知，Brinley住院，窗户应是医院的。 12．考查名词。句意：同上。A. rings戒指；B. wishes祝愿；C. gifts礼物；D. shapes形状。根据后文“returning the heart gestures back to them”可知，工人们用手比出心的形状，heart shapes意为“心形手势”，与前文forming搭配。 13．考查动词。句意：另一边，4岁的Brinley正在等待，向他们回比心形手势。A. waiting等待；B. singing唱歌；C. sleeping睡觉；D. listening听。根据前文“Every afternoon around 3 pm”和空后“returning the heart gestures back”可知，Brinley每天在这个时间等着与工人互动。 14．考查名词。句意：这段联系始于Brinley住院数周后的一次偶然。A. experiment实验；B. strategy策略；C. connection联系；D. impression印象。全文讲述工人与Brinley之间建立的联系，此处引出这段联系的起源。 15．考查动词。句意：Brinley和父亲Travis向邻近工地照射手电筒。A. received收到；B. moved移动；C. threw扔；D. shone照射。shine a flashlight意为“用手电筒照射”，与后文“someone flashed a light right back”呼应，说明Brinley和父亲Travis是在用手电筒照射紧邻的工地。 16．考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，有人立刻用灯光回应了他们。A. Puzzlingly令人困惑地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Angrily生气地；D. Regrettably遗憾地。根据后文“someone flashed a light right back at them”可知，第一次照射就得到回应，是令人惊讶的，故用surprisingly。 17．考查名词。句意：不久后，建筑工人贴了一张面向Brinley房间的标牌，写着“早日康复”。A. notice通知；B. letter信；C. sign标牌；D. book书。根据后文“that read, “Get Well Soon.””可知，工人是贴了一个标牌。 18．考查动词。句意：这家人回应了一条自己的标语：“谢谢你们，我们在等一颗心。”A. responded回应；B. performed表演；C. released释放；D. painted绘画。根据后文“with one of their own: “Thank you. We’re waiting for a heart.””可知，这家人用灯光信息回应工人的标牌，与前文工人先发出信息呼应。 19．考查名词。句意：随后，工地那边又出现了另一条留言：“祝好运，继续加油。”A. skill技能；B. revision修订；C. commitment承诺；D. message信息。根据后文“from the worksite: “Best wishes. Keep fighting.””可知，这是一条传来的信息。 20．考查动词。句意：他们为Brinley组织了捐赠，包括涂色书、签名安全帽和毛绒熊。A. swapped交换；B. organized组织；C. settled解决；D. rewarded奖励。根据后文“donations for Brinley, including coloring books, a signed hard hat, and a stuffed bear”可知，此处列举的捐赠物品，所以工人们组织了一场捐赠活动。 21．考查动词。句意：木工Devan Nail解释了这段经历如何影响了他的同事们。A. affected影响；B. categorised分类；C. depressed使沮丧；D. exposed暴露。根据后文“He said, “We wanted Brinley to know she has a whole group of  ____13____  behind her.””可知，同事们主动帮助Brinley，这段经历深深影响了他们。 22．考查名词。句意：他说“我们想让Brinley知道她身后有一整群支持者。”A. ways方式；B. topics话题；C. supporters支持者；D. suspects嫌疑人。根据前文“Each day’s waves and heart signs have become a  ________  that even small acts of kindness can mean the world to someone facing a (n)  ________  journey.”以及前文语境可知，工人们每天鼓励Brinley，是她的支持者。 23．考查名词。句意：每天的挥手和心形手势已经成为一种提醒：即使是微小的善举，对于正在经历艰难旅程的人来说，也能意味着整个世界。A. schedule日程；B. reminder提醒；C. destination目的地；D. summary总结。根据后文“even small acts of kindness can mean the world”可知，这是对人们的一种提醒。 24．考查形容词。句意：同上。A. interesting有趣的；B. powerful强大的；C. positive积极的；D. tough艰难的。根据前文“The  ________  began with an accident after Brinley had spent weeks in the hospital.”以及“Thank you. We’re waiting for a heart.”可知，Brinley住院、等待心脏移植，所以她正在经历一段艰难的旅程。 四、语法填空 【答案】 25．are 26．an 27．but 28．reduced 29．without 30．dramatically 31．to form 32．securing 33．were tasked 34．how 【导语】本文介绍青海共和塔拉滩光伏产业园的独特模式，园区利用丰富太阳能资源发电，光伏板兼具遮阳防风功能改善生态，同时引入牧民放羊解决植被疯长隐患，实现产业发展、传统牧业与环境保护的协同共赢。 25．考查主谓一致与时态。句意：让这一场景别具一格的是头顶成片蔚蓝的光伏板，因为羊群的放牧场地是一座光伏产业园。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the sheep’s grazing grounds为复数，谓语动词用are。 26．考查冠词。句意：塔拉滩光伏产业园占地609平方公里，这片平地太阳能资源丰富，年平均日照时长接近3000小时。固定搭配an average of...意为“平均……”，average以元音音素开头，故填an。 27．考查连词。句意：园区内大量的光伏板不仅为偏远省份供电，还为周边土地起到遮阳和防风的作用。固定结构not only...but (also)...意为“不仅……而且……”，符合语境，故填but。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：平均风速降低了一半，该地区的植被覆盖率已达到80%。此处为with复合结构，wind speeds与reduce之间是被动关系，用过去分词reduced作宾语补足语。 29．考查介词。句意：然而，这种植被的生长并非没有问题。根据后文提到的野草疯长的隐患可知，此处表示“并非没有问题”，without意为“没有”，符合语境。 30．考查副词。句意：疯长的草会大幅降低光伏板的效率，并在干燥的冬季引发火灾。修饰动词lower，需用副词形式，dramatic的副词为dramatically。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：羊群为该地区施肥，促成了绿色生态链的形成。固定搭配allow sth. to do sth.意为“允许某物做某事”，此处用不定式to form作宾语补足语。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，牧民可以出售部分羊群，获得可观的经济收益。此处为现在分词作结果状语，herders与secure（获得）之间是主动关系，用securing表示自然而然的结果。 33．考查时态和语态。句意：去年，600只羊被安排负责保护园区内的光伏板。时间状语last year表明用一般过去时；主语600 sheep与task之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时被动语态were tasked。 34．考查宾语从句。句意：这座光伏产业园为产业发展、传统做法和环境保护如何协同推进树立了典范。宾语从句中缺少方式状语，用how引导，表“如何、怎样”。 《高三新知速递》英语习题 二次开发版 开发说明 本材料围绕四大热点主题（自我服务偏差心理学、性格可塑性、工地暖心善举、牧光互补生态经济），紧扣高考英语 “思辨性增强、外刊化选材、跨主题融合” 的命题趋势，从词汇筑基、语篇深研、技法沉淀、输出落地、复盘自测五个维度系统升级。结合 2026 年高考考向，强化心理学类议论文逻辑拆解、叙事类完形情感线索把握、生态科技类语法填空考点提炼，配套拓展题型与写作训练，实现 “刷一题、通一类、提一分” 的二轮复习效能。 模块一 四大主题核心词汇体系（基础筑基） 按话题整合高考高频实词、固定搭配与熟词生义，配套语境巩固，实现词不离篇、以考促记。 话题 1 心理学认知与自我服务偏差 核心实词 bias n. 偏差；偏见 credit n. 功劳；信誉 v. 归功于 blame v. 责怪；归咎于 external adj. 外部的；外界的 maintain v. 维持；保持 shortcut n. 捷径 illusion n. 幻觉；错觉 optical adj. 视觉的；光学的 constructive adj. 建设性的 overstate v. 夸大；夸张 counter v. 抵消；应对 dimension n. 维度；方面 高频搭配 self-serving bias 自我服务偏差 take credit for 把…… 归功于自己 blame...on... 把…… 归咎于 be grounded in 植根于 moral illusion 道德幻觉 constructive criticism 建设性批评 left unchecked 若不加以控制 cloud judgment 模糊判断 话题 2 性格塑造与认知行为改变 核心实词 personality n. 性格；个性 fixed adj. 固定的；不变的 mindset n. 思维模式 consistent adj. 一贯的；持续的 accelerate v. 加速 transformation n. 转变；变革 intentional adj. 有意的；刻意的 cognitive adj. 认知的 defensively adv. 防御性地 outlook n. 观念；前景 craft v. 精心打造；塑造 高频搭配 cognitive-behavioral changes 认知行为改变 thinking patterns 思维模式 break the cycle 打破循环 life span 一生；寿命 话题 3 人际善意与温暖叙事 核心实词 flashlight n. 手电筒 gesture n. 手势；姿态 donation n. 捐赠物；捐赠 signed adj. 签名的 carpenter n. 木匠 reminder n. 提醒物；提示 tough adj. 艰难的；棘手的 高频搭配 heart shapes 心形 construction site 建筑工地 keep fighting 继续加油 small acts of kindness 微小善举 熟词生义（完形核心考点） shine 熟义：发光 → 生义：v. 照射（灯光） sign 熟义：标志；迹象 → 生义：n. 标牌；告示牌 task 熟义：任务 → 生义：v. 委派任务；派给工作 话题 4 生态经济与光伏牧业 核心实词 photovoltaic adj. 光伏的 panel n. 面板；电池板 grace v. 吃草；放牧 sunshade n. 遮阳物 windbreak n. 防风林；防风物 vegetation n. 植被；草木 efficiency n. 效率 fertilize v. 施肥 ecological adj. 生态的 sustainable adj. 可持续的 高频搭配 solar panels 太阳能光伏板 solar grazing /agrivoltaics 牧光互补 / 光伏放牧 wind speed 风速 vegetation coverage 植被覆盖率 ecological chain 生态链 financial benefits 经济收益 语境巩固练习 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 The self-serving bias is a common ________ (psychology) phenomenon that protects our self-esteem. Through consistent efforts, you can make ________ (intention) changes to your personality. The small gesture of heart shapes brought great ________ (encourage) to the sick girl. The solar grazing model achieves a win-win result between ________ (economy) benefits and ecological protection. If ________ (leave) unchecked, this bias will damage your relationships with others. 参考答案：1. psychological 2. intentional 3. encouragement 4. economic 5. left 模块二 语篇深度精读与考点精析（能力提升） 一、阅读理解：人人都有的 “自我服务偏差” 1. 语篇结构与命题特征 本文是典型的心理学概念类议论文，遵循 “定义引入→原理解释→表现识别→应对策略→客观评价” 的外刊行文逻辑，完全匹配高考 D 篇议论文命题风格，侧重考查写作手法、段落主旨、推理判断、作者态度四类核心题型。 段落 核心内容 命题对应 第一段 考试成败归因的例子，引出自我服务偏差的定义 写作手法题（第 1 题） 第二段 背后的心理学机制：大脑自我保护、积极自我形象需求、道德幻觉 段落主旨题（第 2 题） 第三段 自我服务偏差的常见表现与识别信号 推理判断题（第 3 题） 第四段 克服偏差的四条具体策略 细节考查 第五段 客观评价：正常现象，但失控有危害，正视可助力成长 作者态度题（第 4 题） 2. 背景知识拓展 自我服务偏差（self-serving bias）是社会心理学中最普遍的认知偏差之一，其成因可分为两类： 认知层面：人们天生对成功有预期，因此会将符合预期的正向结果归因为自身因素； 动机层面：人类有保护和提升自尊的内在需求，将失败归因于外界能避免自我价值受损。 两种机制通常共同作用，且该偏差普遍存在于学业、职场、竞技等各类场景中。 3. 高考长难句精讲 句 1 原句：Evolutionary biologist Steven Pinker describes such mental shortcuts as “moral illusions” — the ethical equivalent of optical illusions that trick our eyes. 结构拆解：主句 + 同位语解释 + 定语从句 ① 主句主干：Steven Pinker describes such mental shortcuts as “moral illusions” ② 破折号后是同位语，解释 moral illusions 的本质 ③ that 引导定语从句，修饰 optical illusions 参考译文：进化生物学家史蒂文・平克将这类心理捷径描述为 “道德幻觉”—— 它在伦理层面的作用，就如同欺骗我们眼睛的视错觉一样。 句 2 原句：But left unchecked, it can damage relationships, block personal growth, and cloud moral judgment. 结构拆解：条件状语（过去分词省略结构） + 主句（三个并列谓语） ① left unchecked 是 if it is left unchecked 的省略形式，表条件 ② 主句三个并列谓语：damage, block, cloud，层层递进说明危害 重点词汇：cloud 此处为动词，意为 “使模糊、蒙蔽” 参考译文：但若放任不管，它会损害人际关系、阻碍个人成长，还会蒙蔽道德判断。 4. 原题易错点与解题技法 第 1 题 写作手法题：易错选 A（提问题）。文中的两个 Imagine 是场景假设，本质是举例说明，目的是通过熟悉的场景引出抽象概念，属于 “举例法引入主题”。高考写作手法题需区分：设问是引发思考，举例是具象化抽象概念。 第 2 题 段落主旨题：易错选 A（特征）。第二段核心是解释 “为什么会有这种偏差”，从大脑保护机制、自尊需求到平克的理论，都是背后的心理学原理，而非外在特征。 第 3 题 例证推理题：解题核心是抓住 “成功归自己、失败怪外界” 的本质，B 选项 “考试失败怪教室吵闹” 完美匹配 “失败归因于外部因素” 的特征。 第 4 题 作者态度题：作者既指出这是正常的人类倾向，又说明放任的危害，同时给出解决方案，整体立场客观理性，对应 objective。 5. 高考拓展题型 What does the word “counter” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Ignore. B. Oppose and reduce. C. Explain. D. Strengthen. 答案：B 解析：结合上下文，前文讲识别偏差，后文讲四条具体策略，目的是应对、抵消这种偏差的影响。counter 在此处作动词，意为 “抵消、对抗”。 二、七选五：性格可以被 “重写” 1. 语篇逻辑定位 本文是驳论型说明文，是高考七选五的热门结构，行文脉络为： 娱乐测试不科学→严肃测试也有误区（性格固定论）→提出核心观点（性格可改变）→举例说明改变过程→自然变化 + 主动加速→打破恶性循环的方法→总结全文。 2. 七选五解题技法（结合本题落地） 递进逻辑：从娱乐到严肃 第 5 题：前文讲娱乐性质的性格测试，后文转折说严肃测试也有问题，D 选项 “这类小测验显然不科学” 先评价前者，为后文 “就连严肃的也有问题” 做递进铺垫，形成 “娱乐→不科学；严肃→也有问题” 的递进逻辑。 举例过渡：观点到案例 第 6 题：前文提出 “性格可以改变” 的观点，后文用 “变得可靠” 的具体案例展开，C 选项 “假设你不是特别靠谱” 直接引出例子，是典型的 “观点→假设案例” 过渡。 转折衔接：从自然到主动 第 7 题：前文讲性格会随年龄自然变化，后文讲可以主动加速改变，B 选项 “但你不必等时间来发挥作用” 完美承接转折，从 “被动自然改变” 过渡到 “主动塑造”。 循环打破：从问题到方案 第 8 题：前文描述 “消极思维→消极行为→强化消极认知” 的恶性循环，后文给出开放行为的新做法，A 选项 “要打破循环，试试新的回应方式” 承上启下，精准衔接问题与方案。 结尾总结：升华主旨 第 9 题：前文点明性格就是日常的思维行为模式，G 选项 “通过日常微小改变，你能打造想要的性格” 总结全文方法，呼应 “性格可塑” 的核心主旨。 3. 易错警示 第 5 题易误选 F。F 选项 “你可能觉得它们描述得很准，其实不然” 侧重 “测试结果的准确性”，而本段的逻辑是从 “娱乐测试” 过渡到 “严肃测试的问题”，核心是 “科学性” 而非 “准确性”。D 选项直接点出 “不科学”，与后文的 problematic 形成逻辑呼应，更贴合段落主线。 三、完形填空：工地 “比心” 点亮病房 1. 文体与双线梳理 本文是温情叙事类记叙文，是高考完形填空的经典文体，情节与情感双线并行： 情节线：偶然灯光互动 → 标牌互传祝福 → 工人组织捐赠 → 每日挥手比心成为传统 情感线：意外惊喜 → 双向温暖 → 深受触动 → 升华感悟（小善举意义重大） 2. 核心考点突破 名词语境题：第 14 题 connection，全文围绕工人与病童之间建立的联结展开，从灯光到手势到捐赠，核心是一段温暖的联系。 动词辨析题：第 15 题 shone，shine a flashlight 是固定搭配，意为 “用手电筒照射”，属于熟词生义考点；第 20 题 organized，organize donations 意为 “组织捐赠活动”，搭配最贴合。 形容词情感题：第 24 题 tough，Brinley 住院等待心脏移植，正经历艰难的人生旅程，tough journey 符合人物处境与全文情感基调。 固定搭配题：第 10 题 leave for home “动身回家”，第 12 题 heart shapes “心形”，都是高考完形高频固定搭配。 3. 读后续写素材积累 动作细节佳句 They climb to an upper floor of a building under construction, look toward a nearby hospital window, and wave, often forming heart shapes with their hands. Construction workers taped a sign facing Brinley’s room that read, “Get Well Soon.” 主题升华句 Each day’s waves and heart signs have become a reminder that even small acts of kindness can mean the world to someone facing a tough journey. 四、语法填空：草原 “阳光经济学” 1. 背景拓展 文中的塔拉滩光伏产业园是全球最大的光伏发电园区之一，其探索的 “牧光互补（solar grazing /agrivoltaics）” 模式，实现了 “板上发电、板下牧羊” 的立体效益：光伏板降低风速、减少蒸发，改善植被；羊群啃食杂草，避免遮挡光伏板与火灾隐患，同时羊粪肥田形成生态循环，兼顾了清洁能源、生态治理与牧民增收。 2. 考点分布与高考对标 10 道题覆盖时态主谓一致、冠词、连词、非谓语、介词、副词、宾语从句八大核心考点，完全匹配高考语法填空命题规律。 题号 考点分类 具体考点 高考考频 25 时态主谓一致 一般现在时 + 复数主语 高频 26 冠词 an average of 固定搭配 高频 27 连词 not only...but (also) 并列结构 高频 28 非谓语动词 with 复合结构，过去分词表被动 中频 29 介词 without 双重否定表 “并非没有” 中频 30 词性转换 形容词变副词修饰动词 高频 31 非谓语动词 allow sth. to do 不定式作宾补 高频 32 非谓语动词 现在分词作结果状语 高频 33 时态语态 一般过去时被动语态 高频 34 宾语从句 how 引导从句作方式状语 中频 3. 易错点点拨 第 28 题：易误填 reducing。此处为 with 复合结构，宾语 wind speeds 与 reduce 是被动关系（风速被降低），需用过去分词 reduced 作宾语补足语。 第 29 题：易误填 with。前文讲植被改善的好处，后文转折讲植被生长也带来问题，“hasn’t been without issues” 是双重否定，表 “并非没有问题”，符合转折逻辑。 第 34 题：易误填 that。宾语从句中主干完整，结合句意 “产业、传统、环保如何协同发展”，缺方式状语，故用 how 引导。 4. 同考点变式训练 With the problem ________ (solve), the project went on smoothly. The new model shows ________ technology and tradition can work together for a better future. Not only he but also his classmates ________ (be) fond of environmental protection. The storm caused great damage, ________ (leave) thousands of people homeless. 参考答案：1. solved 2. how 3. are 4. leaving 模块三 高考题型解题技法体系（方法沉淀） 1. 心理学类议论文阅读专项 抓概念核心：开篇通常用熟悉场景引出抽象概念，抓住定义句是理解全文的关键，后续所有内容都围绕概念展开。 理逻辑框架：按 “定义 - 成因 - 表现 - 影响 - 对策” 梳理结构，每段读首句即可把握段落功能，避免被专业术语干扰。 排干扰选项：态度题优先排除极端选项；推理题立足原文一步推导，杜绝过度引申；例证题答案在例子前后的观点句，而非例子本身。 2. 观点类七选五专项 第一步：快速浏览首段，抓住文章是立论还是驳论，预判 “树靶子→驳观点→立观点→给方法” 的逻辑链。 第二步：关注句间逻辑词（but, however, for instance, therefore），通过逻辑关系预判空格内容。 第三步：代入选项后通读，检查观点是否连贯、例子是否支撑观点、转折是否合理。 3. 温情叙事类完形填空专项 双线解题法：先通读全文，梳理情节线与情感线，80% 的形容词、副词题可通过情感基调排除反向选项。 细节呼应法：关注前后文的原词复现、同义复现，比如文中的 gesture, sign, message 形成语义场，可辅助锁定答案。 主旨验证法：做完后回看文章结尾的升华句，验证全文情感是否统一，主题是否契合。 4. 生态科技类语法填空专项 有提示词：先判断句子成分，谓语动词优先考虑时态语态主谓一致，非谓语动词先看主被动再看功能。 无提示词：并列结构优先找固定搭配（如 not only...but also），从句先判断类型再分析成分，介词注意固定短语。 长难句先拆主干，再分析空格在从句还是主句中，避免被复杂结构误导。 模块四 主题写作输出训练（高分落地） 1. 应用文写作：心理专栏短文 题目 你校英文报 “心理成长” 栏目正在征稿，请你写一篇短文介绍 “自我服务偏差”，内容包括： 现象说明 可能的影响 一条克服建议 注意：词数 80 左右，可适当增加细节。 参考范文 Have you ever taken pride in success but blamed outside factors for failure? This is the self-serving bias, a common psychological tendency that protects our self-esteem. However, if left unchecked, it will harm relationships and stop us from making progress. To deal with it, try to reflect on your own mistakes when things go wrong, instead of finding excuses immediately. Recognizing this bias is the first step to knowing ourselves better. 2. 应用文写作：倡议书 题目 班级英语角将发起 “小小善举，温暖他人” 的倡议，请你写一篇倡议书，内容包括： 倡议的原因 具体做法 发出呼吁 注意：词数 80 左右。 参考范文 Dear classmates, Small acts of kindness can make a big difference to those in trouble. Even a warm gesture or a few encouraging words can light up someone’s dark days. I advocate that we start with small things. We can give a helping hand to classmates in need, or send warm greetings to people around us. Let’s take action now and pass on kindness with small efforts. 3. 思辨写作：牧光互补模式的启示 题目 请结合 “光伏放羊” 的模式，以 “Win-win Solutions for Green Development” 为题，写一篇 120 词左右的短文，谈谈你对绿色发展的看法。 参考范文 Win-win Solutions for Green Development The solar grazing model in Qinghai sets a great example of green development. By raising sheep under solar panels, the park not only produces clean electricity but also solves vegetation problems and increases herders’ income, achieving a balance among economy, ecology and people’s livelihood. From my perspective, this mode teaches us that environmental protection and economic development are not opposites. With creative thinking, we can find solutions that benefit both sides. More such win-win models should be promoted to build a sustainable future. 4. 高分金句积累 心理认知类：Recognizing our cognitive biases helps us see the world more objectively and grow into better versions of ourselves. 善意温暖类：Kindness needs no grand gestures; even the smallest heart sign can become a ray of light in someone’s tough days. 生态发展类：The integration of clean energy and traditional farming proves that sustainability can go hand in hand with prosperity. 模块五 阶段自测与复盘工具（效果验收） 基础过关检测（建议用时 8 分钟） 单词拼写（根据首字母与中文提示） ① b________ n. 偏差 ② c________ adj. 建设性的 ③ t________ adj. 艰难的 ④ e________ n. 效率 ⑤ s________ adj. 可持续的 短语汉译英 ① 把…… 归咎于 ________ ② 打破循环 ________ ③ 微小善举 ________ ④ 植被覆盖率 ________ ⑤ 若不加以控制 ________ 错题复盘模板 错题题号 错误类型（词汇 / 语法 / 逻辑 / 审题） 对应考点 订正与总结 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $