内容正文:
必修一 Unit4
基础训练
1. A teenage girl fainted yesterday at Stonechester High School after _________(skip) meals.
2. Jennifer Jones, 15, told friends in her class that she passed ______ in her morning PE lesson and _________(rush) to hospital.
3. Jennifer was found to have ___________(danger) low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately.
4. Jennifer’s classmates say that she ________(struggle) with eating problems for a long time.
5. Jennifer told her friend that she had trouble ___________(concentrate) in class.
6. Jennifer’s case is a __________(remind) of the dangers of the unhealthy weight - loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes.
7. In a society _________ being thin is often seen _____ being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn _______ extreme methods to slim down quickly.
8. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on ________ you think of your physical appearance.
9. It is normal for teenagers to be __________(slight) overweight and there is no reason ________ they should be worried.
10. An expert pointed out that it is important to have a healthy __________(balance) diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well.
11. It dawned on me that I couldn’t have made such remarkable ____________(achieve) without continuous efforts.
12. What’s more, teenagers should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay _________(energy) and fit.
13. We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and ___________(effect) way to get into shape.
14. Teens who try to copy the looks of their favorite stars will only end up ________(feel) worse about themselves.
15. _________(focus) on your own talents, not only helps you feel good about yourself, but also helps you develop your confidence.
16. Last year, Mr. Wilson __________(catch) in a horrible campus fire and his skin was badly burnt.
17. Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang _____ you all the time like a rain cloud.
18. Like a book, you may often ___________(judge) by what is on the outside, not on the inside. 19.Don’t consider yourself to be ___________ failure even if you do badly in school tests.
20. She won the ___________(admire) of many people in her battle against cancer.
综合训练
一.阅读理解:
If a stranger knocked on your door asking for using your phone, would you help? How about lending them five dollars for the bus, if they said they’d return and pay you back?
Nowadays, many people find it hard to trust strangers. A recent study found that our ability to trust strangers may be more than just a social or psychological characteristic ---- it could be rooted in our DNA. This is important, as it turns out that trusting people might actually live longer and healthier lives compared to more skeptical (怀疑的) people.
Two main theories have appeared to explain why some people are more trusting than others. One suggests trust is a stable characteristic shaped by early life experiences. The other thinks it’s influenced by a person’s ongoing evaluation of the social environment. We can easily imagine that the answer to the question: “Would you say that most people can be trusted?” would depend on whether you’d been robbed the day before or if you’d had your missing wallet returned.
This is where the recent research comes in. A professor of Lund University. Edgerton and his coworkers have been doing research about trust. In their most recent study, involving 33,882 Danish blood donors, they found a single gene (基因) PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others, and that the PLPP4 gene explained 6% of the difference in social trust within the study population. If you take two people who have similar education and life experiences, this gene alone could account for 6% of the difference in how much they trust others.
They believe that the PLPP4 gene may somehow soften our “fight-or-flight” survival response. If our fight-or-flight system is less strong when we meet new people, it makes sense that trusting others could have huge health benefits. Indeed, if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease.
As people continue to uncover the mysteries of trust, one thing is clear: understanding its genetic roots may hold the key to developing healthier communities in the world.
1. What might affect people’s trust levels according to the two main theories?
A. Childhood habits. B. Personal abilities.
C. Social experiences. D. Communication skills.
2. What does the recent study focus on?
A. The mental cause of trust.
B. The ways to develop survival ability.
C. The characteristics of different genes.
D. The connection between trust and a gene.
3. What does the passage say about trusting others?
A. It could bring health benefits. B. It reduces the strong stress in work.
C. It helps to develop the world faster. D. It causes quicker survival response.
4. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. A Gene Influences How Trusting You Are
B. Experiences Make You Grow Dependable
C. A Link Between Biology and Social Science
D. Theories That Explain Why You Are Trusted
2. 七选五
Your peers are the people who are the same age as you or who have the same status as you. When they try to influence you to do something, it’s called peer pressure. 1
Peer pressure often occurs when one or more members, of your social group pressure you to behave or act in particular ways. 2 , such as smoking, drinking alcohol, dangerous driving, and more.
Peer pressure doesn’t suddenly appear at a certain age. Peer pressure transcends (超越) age groups and can begin before the first day of school. Once a child begin seeing themselves as a part of a community, the desire to fit in may occur for better or worse.
3 Positive peer pressure can motivate individuals to make healthy choices, such as exercising regularly, studying diligently, or engaging in community service. On the other hand, negative peer pressure may lead individuals to adopt risky behaviors, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, or engaging in illegal activities in order to gain acceptance or approval from their peers.
4 but there are ways that can help individuals deal with social situations and make decisions that align (一致) with their values and well-being. Above all, be true to yourself. Take time to reflect on your values, beliefs and goals. Understanding who you are and what is important to you can help you make decisions that are in line with your true self, even in the face of peer pressure. 5 Seek out friends and peers who share your values and support you in making healthy choices. Building a supportive network can help you resist negative peer pressure and feel more confident in your decisions.
A. Peer pressure is very common at school
B. Dealing with peer pressure can be challenging
C. Peer pressure can be both positive and negative
D. It is often associated with negative or harmful activities
E. More importantly, surround yourself with positive influence
F. Young people are often affected by the opinions and behaviors of their peers
G. This pressure often results from a desire to he accepted or to be liked by one’s peers
3、 完形填空
One day, a friend invited me to run a half marathon. Whoa! Could I really run for more than 13 miles? Run for more than two hours? It seemed to be a(n) 1 mission.
However, with a passion for accepting challenges, I 2 to give it a try. 3 , we never know what we can do until we 4 . I signed up and started training in January to 5 myself for the race.
The May event date 6 came. The night before the race, I only slept four hours. In the morning, I took a bottle of energy drink. The beginning few 7 usually the hardest for me ---- passed easily as I took in the sights, read the signs of the spectators (观众) 8 us on, and enjoyed the event atmosphere. At mile 5, my friend needed to 9 a little. I walked with her though I could keep running. At mile 8, she needed to walk again, but I didn’t. At mile 11, I was 10 I was full of energy, feeling great. I looked over to my friend and said, “Do you just want to run the whole marathon?” I was just 11 , of course, but it proved that my hard work 12 . I had achieved much more than I thought possible.
Now having been a 13 for more than three years, with four half marathons under my feet, I have more events 14 for this year and running a full marathon isn’t out of my 15 anymore.
1. A. interesting B. impossible C. flexible D. significant
2. A. managed B. proposed C. considered D. determined
3. A. After all B. In turn C. Above all D. At least
4. A. try B. practice C. work D. achieve
5. A. devote B. occupy C. prepare D. engage
6. A. naturally B. finally C. formally D. basically
7. A. steps B. miles C. points D. actions
8. A. promoting B. driving C. cheering D. pushing
9. A. walk B. run C. rush D. move
10. A. worried B. confused C. satisfied D. astonished
11.A. explaining B. reminding C. joking D. advising
12.A. worked out B. took over C. turned up D. paid off
13.A. runner B. winner C. student D. teacher
14.A. proposed B. demanded C. planned D. required
15.A. sight B. reach C. mind D. vision
四.语法填空
Facial surgery(手术) is a serious business,especially on children 1. are not yet fully grown but Melbourne researchers are developing a technique that could change the face of children’s surgery.
This new 2. (develop) will allow doctors to work out a child’s normal face shape at different ages to predict(预测) future growth.
Researchers at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute(MCRI) could soon replace the ruler currently 3. (use) to track changes in a child’s head and face with 3D images.By 4. (improve) the ability to predict normal growth and future changes in a child’s face,doctors will be able to 5. (well) complete their surgery than before.
MCRI’s Mr Harold Matthews said current 6. (method),including using patients’ photographs and X-rays were slow.Together 7. researchers in Belgium,Mr Matthews is pioneering a new tool that provides averages(平均值) for normal growth of the face throughout childhood.
The project intends 8. (take) some of the guesswork out of surgery.For example,in children with Pierre Robin Sequence, 9. serious condition which means they are born with an underdeveloped jaw(下颚), some doctors choose to fix it early while others wait to see if the child’s face will 10. (natural) correct itself as it grows.Without this new technology,it is difficult to know which method is better for each child.
必修一 Unit4答案详解
基础训练
单句语法填空
1. 答案: skipping
考点: 非谓语动词(动名词),介词后接动名词作宾语。
解析: 设空处位于介词"after"之后,需用动名词形式作宾语。"skip"意为"跳过、略过","skip meals"意为"不吃饭、节食"。故填"skipping"。
句意: 昨天在斯通切斯特高中,一名十几岁的女孩因不吃饭而晕倒了。
高频短语: skip meals 不吃饭、节食;faint v. 晕倒
2. 答案: out;was rushed
考点: ①固定搭配"pass out"(昏厥、失去知觉);②动词时态和语态(一般过去时被动语态)。
解析: 第一个空:"pass out"为固定短语,意为"昏厥、失去知觉"。第二个空:"rush"与主语"Jennifer Jones"之间为被动关系(被匆忙送往医院),且描述过去事件,故用一般过去时被动语态"was rushed"。
句意: 15岁的詹妮弗·琼斯告诉班上的朋友,她在上午的体育课上昏倒了,随后被紧急送往医院。
高频短语: pass out 昏厥;rush sb. to... 将某人紧急送往……
3. 答案: dangerously
考点: 词形转换(形容词→副词),修饰形容词"low"。
解析: 设空处修饰形容词"low",需用副词形式。"dangerous"为形容词,其副词形式为"dangerously",意为"危险地"。"dangerously low"意为"低得危险"。
句意: 詹妮弗被发现有危险的低血糖水平,并立即接受了治疗。
高频词: dangerously adv. 危险地;blood sugar level 血糖水平
4. 答案: has struggled
考点: 动词时态(现在完成时),表示从过去持续到现在的动作。
解析: 时间状语"for a long time"表示从过去持续到现在的动作,应用现在完成时。主语"she"为第三人称单数,故填"has struggled"。"struggle with"意为"与……作斗争、挣扎"。
句意: 詹妮弗的同学说她长期以来一直有饮食问题。
高频短语: struggle with 与……作斗争;eating problems 饮食问题
5. 答案: concentrating
考点: 非谓语动词(动名词),固定搭配"have trouble (in) doing sth."。
解析: "have trouble (in) doing sth."为固定句型,意为"做某事有困难",介词"in"可省略,但动名词形式不可变。"concentrate"的动名词形式为"concentrating"。"concentrate in class"意为"在课堂上集中注意力"。
句意: 詹妮弗告诉朋友她在课堂上难以集中注意力。
高频短语: have trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难;concentrate v. 集中注意力
6. 答案: reminder
考点: 词形转换(动词→名词),作表语。
解析: 设空处前有不定冠词"a",后有"of...",可知需填名词作表语。"remind"为动词,其名词形式为"reminder",意为"提醒物、警示"。
句意: 詹妮弗的案例提醒人们注意不健康的减肥习惯的危害,这些习惯在青少年中已变得很常见。
高频词: reminder n. 提醒物、警示;weight-loss habits 减肥习惯
7. 答案: where;as;to
考点: ①定语从句关系副词;②固定搭配"see...as..."(把……看作);③固定搭配"turn to"(求助于、转向)。
解析: 第一个空:先行词为"society"(社会),关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词"where"。第二个空:"see...as..."意为"把……看作",为固定搭配。第三个空:"turn to"意为"转向、求助于","turn to extreme methods"意为"诉诸极端方法"。
句意: 在一个瘦常被视为美的社会里,青少年有时会诉诸极端方法来快速瘦身。
高频短语: see...as... 把……看作;turn to 转向、求助于;extreme methods 极端方法
8. 答案: what
考点: 连接代词,引导宾语从句并在从句中作"think of"的宾语。
解析: 设空处引导"on"的宾语从句,且在从句中作"think of"的宾语(你认为____你的外表)。"what"在此意为"……的东西/事情",相当于"the thing that"。"what you think of your physical appearance"意为"你如何看待自己的外表"。
句意: 媒体中的审美标准会极大地影响你如何看待自己的外表。
高频词: standards of beauty 审美标准;physical appearance 外表、外貌
9. 答案: slightly;why
考点: ①词形转换(形容词→副词),修饰形容词;②连接副词,引导定语从句/同位语从句。
解析: 第一个空:修饰形容词"overweight",需用副词"slightly"(略微地)。第二个空:先行词为"no reason",关系词在定语从句中作原因状语,用关系副词"why"。
句意: 青少年略微超重是正常的,他们没有理由应该担心。
高频词: slightly adv. 略微地;overweight adj. 超重的
10. 答案: balanced
考点: 词形转换(名词→形容词),作定语修饰"diet"。
解析: "balance"为名词/动词,其形容词形式为"balanced",意为"均衡的"。"balanced diet"意为"均衡饮食",为固定搭配。
句意: 一位专家指出,保持均衡饮食很重要,因为青少年仍在成长,他们的身体需要大量营养才能正常运作。
高频短语: balanced diet 均衡饮食;function well 正常运作
11. 答案: achievements
考点: 词形转换(动词→名词复数),作宾语。
解析: "achieve"为动词,其名词形式为"achievement"(成就)。设空前有"such remarkable"(如此卓越的)修饰,且根据语义(一系列成就),应用复数形式"achievements"。
句意: 我突然意识到,没有持续的努力,我不可能取得如此卓越的成就。
高频词: achievement n. 成就;remarkable adj. 卓越的;dawn on sb. 某人突然意识到
12. 答案: energetic
考点: 词形转换(名词→形容词),作表语。
解析: 设空处位于"stay"(系动词)之后,需用形容词作表语。"energy"为名词,其形容词形式为"energetic",意为"精力充沛的"。"stay energetic and fit"意为"保持精力充沛和健康"。
句意: 更重要的是,青少年应该保持规律的作息和充足的锻炼,以保持精力充沛和健康。
高频词: energetic adj. 精力充沛的;keep regular hours 保持规律作息
13. 答案: most effective
考点: 形容词最高级,"the + 最高级"结构。
解析: 设空前有"the"(隐含在"the safest and"结构中),且"way"后有不定式作定语,表示"最有效的方式",需用形容词"effective"的最高级"most effective"。注意"safest"已为最高级,并列结构要求"effective"也用最高级。
句意: 我们强烈鼓励所有青少年遵循这些生活小贴士,因为健康生活是塑形最安全、最有效的方式。
高频词: effective adj. 有效的;get into shape 塑形、强身健体
14. 答案: feeling
考点: 非谓语动词(动名词),固定搭配"end up doing sth."。
解析: "end up doing"为固定搭配,意为"最终做某事",后接动名词。"feel worse about themselves"意为"对自己感觉更糟"。
句意: 试图模仿他们最喜欢的明星外表的青少年最终只会对自己感觉更糟。
高频短语: end up doing 最终做某事;copy the looks 模仿外表
15. 答案: Focusing
考点: 非谓语动词(动名词短语作主语)。
解析: 设空处为句子的主语,需用动名词短语"Focusing on your own talents"作主语。"focus on"意为"专注于"。句首单词首字母需大写。
句意: 专注于自己的才能,不仅有助于你自我感觉良好,还有助于培养你的自信心。
高频短语: focus on 专注于;develop confidence 培养自信
16. 答案: was caught
考点: 动词时态和语态(一般过去时被动语态)。
解析: "Mr. Wilson"与"catch"之间为被动关系(被困于火灾),且"Last year"表明为过去事件,故用一般过去时被动语态"was caught"。"be caught in"意为"被困在……中",为固定搭配。
句意: 去年,威尔逊先生被困在一场可怕的校园火灾中,他的皮肤被严重烧伤。
高频短语: be caught in 被困在……中;horrible adj. 可怕的
17. 答案: over
考点: 固定搭配"hang over"(笼罩、威胁)。
解析: "hang over"为固定短语,意为"笼罩、威胁、萦绕"。"hang over you like a rain cloud"意为"像乌云一样笼罩着你"。
句意: 关于外表的阴暗想法可能会像雨云一样一直笼罩着你。
高频短语: hang over 笼罩、威胁;all the time 一直、始终
18. 答案: be judged
考点: 动词的语态(情态动词后接被动语态)。
解析: "you"与"judge"之间为被动关系(你被评判),且设空前有情态动词"may",后接动词原形,故用"be judged"构成被动语态。"judge by"意为"通过……来判断"。
句意: 就像一本书一样,你可能经常被人根据外表而不是内在来评判。
高频短语: judge by 根据……判断;on the outside/inside 外表/内在
19. 答案: a
考点: 冠词(不定冠词表泛指)。
解析: "failure"在此为可数名词,意为"一个失败的人/一件失败的事",表泛指时用不定冠词"a"。"consider oneself to be a failure"意为"认为自己是个失败者"。
句意: 即使你在学校的考试中表现不好,也不要认为自己是个失败者。
高频词: failure n. 失败者/失败之事;do badly in 在……方面表现不好
20. 答案: admiration
考点: 词形转换(动词→名词),作宾语。
解析: "admire"为动词,其名词形式为"admiration"(钦佩、赞赏)。"win the admiration of"意为"赢得……的钦佩"。
句意: 她在与癌症的斗争中赢得了许多人的钦佩。
高频词: admiration n. 钦佩、赞赏;battle against 与……斗争
综合训练
阅读理解
【试题立意】
本文是一篇科普说明文,主题语境为"人与社会"下的"科学与技术"领域。文本探讨了人类信任他人的能力可能具有基因基础,而非仅仅是社会或心理特征。研究发现PLPP4基因与社会信任度存在显著关联,该基因可能通过影响人体的"战或逃"应激反应来调节信任水平,而信任他人反过来可能带来心血管健康方面的益处。核心主旨是:信任他人的能力可能与基因有关,理解其基因根源有助于建设更健康的社会。
【语篇解读】
Paragraph 1: 以日常场景(陌生人求助)引出话题,指出当今人们难以信任陌生人。
Paragraph 2: 提出研究发现——信任他人的能力可能根植于DNA,且信任他人的人可能活得更长更健康。
Paragraph 3: 介绍解释信任差异的两种主要理论——早期生活经验塑造论与社会环境评估论。
Paragraph 4: 介绍最新研究——Edgerton教授团队发现PLPP4基因与信任性格显著相关,可解释6%的信任差异。
Paragraph 5: 解释基因作用机制——PLPP4可能弱化"战或逃"反应,信任他人作为抗压因素可降低心血管疾病风险。
Paragraph 6: 总结——理解信任的基因根源可能有助于建设更健康的社区。
【试题分析】
1. 【思维过程】 细节理解题。根据题干"according to the two main theories"定位到第三段。原文指出两种理论:一种认为信任受早期生活经历影响("shaped by early life experiences"),另一种认为受对社会环境的持续评估影响("influenced by a person's ongoing evaluation of the social environment")。两者共同指向"社会经历"这一因素。A项"童年习惯"不准确(原文为"经历"而非"习惯");B项"个人能力"、D项"沟通技巧"均未提及。C项"社会经历"概括准确。故C项正确。
【参考答案】C
2. 【思维过程】 细节理解题。根据题干"the recent study"定位到第四段。原文明确指出"they found a single gene PLPP4, strongly associated with the personality of trusting others",说明该研究聚焦于基因与信任之间的关联。A项"信任的心理原因"不是研究重点;B项"培养生存能力的方法"偏离主题;C项"不同基因的特征"范围过宽(研究仅关注PLPP4这一特定基因)。D项"信任与基因之间的联系"与原文吻合。故D项正确。
【参考答案】D
3. 【思维过程】 细节理解题。根据题干"trusting others"及选项内容,定位到第五段。原文指出"if trusting others acts as something against stress, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease",说明信任他人可作为抗压因素,降低心血管疾病风险,从而带来健康益处。A项"它能带来健康益处"与原文一致;B项"减少工作中的强烈压力"文中未提"工作";C项"帮助世界更快发展"过度推断;D项"导致更快的生存反应"与原文"弱化'战或逃'反应"相反。故A项正确。
【参考答案】A
4. 【思维过程】 主旨大意题。文章自始至终围绕"基因(PLPP4)与信任水平之间的关系"展开,首段引出信任话题,中间段落介绍研究方法和发现,最后展望应用前景。B项"经历使你变得更可靠"仅涵盖第二种理论,不够全面;C项"生物学与社会科学的联系"过于宽泛;D项"解释你为何被信任的理论"偏离焦点(文章讨论的是信任他人而非被信任)。A项"一个基因影响你有多信任他人"精准概括文章核心内容。故A项正确。
【参考答案】A
七选五
【试题立意】
本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为"人与社会"下的"人际关系"领域。文本介绍了同伴压力的定义、表现形式、积极与消极影响以及应对策略。核心价值在于引导考生正确认识同伴压力的双面性,学会在社交情境中坚守个人价值观,做出与自身福祉一致的健康决策。
【语篇解读】
Part 1 (Paras. 1-2): 介绍同伴压力的定义及其常与负面行为关联的特点。
Part 2 (Para. 3): 指出同伴压力不限于特定年龄,从上学前就已存在。
Part 3 (Para. 4): 论述同伴压力的双重性——既有积极影响(促进健康选择),也有消极影响(导致危险行为)。
Part 4 (Para. 5): 提供应对同伴压力的策略——忠于自我、反思价值观、结交正能量的朋友。
【试题分析】
36. 【思维过程】 本题主要考查考生把握句间逻辑关系的能力。设空处位于首段末句,前文给出了"peer pressure"的定义,后文开始详细描述其表现形式。该空应起到承上启下的作用——承接定义,引出下文"同伴压力常与负面活动相关"的内容。D项"它通常与负面或有害的活动相关联"准确概括了第二段内容(吸烟、饮酒、危险驾驶等),且"It"指代前文的"peer pressure",衔接自然。故D项正确。
【参考答案】D
37. 【思维过程】 本题主要考查考生把握句间逻辑关系的能力。设空处位于第二段末,前文描述了同伴压力的表现方式,后文列举了具体负面行为(吸烟、饮酒等)。该空应补充说明同伴压力产生的原因或动机。G项"这种压力通常源于被同伴接受或喜欢的渴望"解释了同伴压力产生的心理动机,与后文的负面行为形成因果关系。故G项正确。
【参考答案】G
38. 【思维过程】 本题主要考查考生概括段落主旨的能力。设空处为第四段段首,该段后半部分分别论述了积极同伴压力("Positive peer pressure can...")和消极同伴压力("On the other hand, negative peer pressure may...")。该空作为主题句,应总括"同伴压力既有积极也有消极的一面"。C项"同伴压力既可以是积极的也可以是消极的"准确概括该段主旨。故C项正确。
【参考答案】C
39. 【思维过程】 本题主要考查考生把握段间逻辑关系的能力。设空处位于第五段段首,后文说"但有方法可以帮助个人应对社交情境并做出符合自身价值观的决定"。设空处应与后文构成转折关系,说明"应对同伴压力是困难的/有挑战性的"。B项"应对同伴压力可能具有挑战性"与后文"but there are ways..."形成完美转折。故B项正确。
【参考答案】B
40. 【思维过程】 本题主要考查考生把握句间逻辑关系的能力。设空处位于第五段中部,前文建议"忠于自我、反思价值观",后文说"寻找与你有共同价值观并支持你做健康选择的朋友"。该空应起承上启下的作用,引出"社交支持"这一话题。E项"更重要的是,让自己置身于积极的影响之中"既承接前文的个人层面建议,又引出后文关于"寻找朋友"的具体做法。故E项正确。
【参考答案】E
完形填空
【试题立意】
本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为"人与自我"下的"个人成长与运动挑战"领域。文章讲述了作者受朋友邀请参加半程马拉松,从最初认为"不可能"到决定尝试,通过艰苦训练最终超越自我预期,成为长期跑者的故事。文本的核心价值在于引导考生勇于接受挑战、突破自我设限,领悟"不尝试永远不知道自己的能力边界"的人生哲理。
【语篇解读】
Part 1 (Paras. 1-2): 开篇设疑。朋友邀请作者跑半程马拉松,作者起初认为这是"不可能完成的任务",但出于接受挑战的热情,决定试一试——"不尝试永远不知道自己的极限"。
Part 2 (Paras. 3-4): 讲述比赛经历。作者睡眠不足,但前几英里轻松通过;在5英里和8英里处朋友需要步行,作者选择了不同应对;11英里时作者惊讶于自己精力充沛,开玩笑说要跑全程——证明努力没有白费,成绩远超预期。
Part 3 (Para. 5): 结尾升华。作者已成为跑者三年多,完成了四次半马,全年还有更多计划,跑全程马拉松也不再遥不可及。
【试题分析】
41. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行形容词词义辨析的能力。前文说"跑13英里以上"、"跑两个多小时",对于作者来说似乎是____任务。结合后文作者最终成功完赛并成为长期跑者,可知此处应表示最初觉得"不可能"。B项"impossible"(不可能的)符合语境;A项"interesting"(有趣的)、C项"flexible"(灵活的)、D项"significant"(重要的)均不符合。故B项正确。
【参考答案】B
42. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。前文说作者有接受挑战的热情,后文说"我报名了",说明作者"决定"尝试。D项"determined"(决定),"determine to do"意为"决定做某事";A项"managed"(设法做到,暗示已成功)时态不当;B项"proposed"(提议)、C项"considered"(考虑)均不如"determined"准确。故D项正确。
【参考答案】D
43. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行副词短语辨析的能力。设空处所在句意为",我们永远不知道我们能做什么,直到我们"。A项"After all"(毕竟)符合语境——"毕竟,不尝试我们永远不知道能做多少";B项"In turn"(反过来)、C项"Above all"(最重要的是)、D项"At least"(至少)均不符合。故A项正确。
【参考答案】A
44. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。设空处与"never know what we can do"构成条件关系,应表示"直到我们尝试"。A项"try"(尝试)符合语境;B项"practice"(练习)、C项"work"(工作)、D项"achieve"(实现)均不准确。故A项正确。
【参考答案】A
45. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。设空处说"我在一月份开始训练来____比赛"。C项"prepare"(准备),"prepare oneself for"意为"为……做好准备";A项"devote"(奉献)、B项"occupy"(占据)、D项"engage"(参与)均不符合"备战比赛"的语境。故C项正确。
【参考答案】C
46. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行副词词义辨析的能力。设空处说"五月份的比赛日期____到了",表示比赛日终于到来。B项"finally"(最终)符合语境;A项"naturally"(自然地)、C项"formally"(正式地)、D项"basically"(基本上)均不符合。故B项正确。
【参考答案】B
47. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行名词词义辨析的能力。后文提到"At mile 5"、"At mile 8"、"At mile 11",可知作者按"英里"来记录比赛进程。B项"miles"(英里)与后文呼应;A项"steps"(步伐)、C项"points"(点)、D项"actions"(行动)均不准确。故B项正确。
【参考答案】B
48. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。设空处说"阅读观众____我们的标语"。观众在比赛中通常是"为选手加油"。C项"cheering"(欢呼),"cheer on"意为"为……加油";A项"promoting"(促进)、B项"driving"(驾驶)、D项"pushing"(推)均不符合。故C项正确。
【参考答案】C
49. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。后文说"I walked with her though I could keep running"(虽然我能继续跑,但我和她一起走),说明朋友需要"步行"。A项"walk"(步行)符合语境;B项"run"(跑,与后文矛盾)、C项"rush"(冲)、D项"move"(移动)均不准确。故A项正确。
【参考答案】A
50. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行形容词词义辨析的能力。设空处后文说"I was full of energy, feeling great",作者对自己精力充沛感到____。D项"astonished"(惊讶的)符合"超出预期"的语境;A项"worried"(担心的)、B项"confused"(困惑的)、C项"satisfied"(满意的,程度不足)均不如"astonished"准确。故D项正确。
【参考答案】D
51. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。前文作者开玩笑说"你想跑全程马拉松吗?",后文说"of course"表明这是玩笑话。C项"joking"(开玩笑)符合语境;A项"explaining"(解释)、B项"reminding"(提醒)、D项"advising"(建议)均不符合。故C项正确。
【参考答案】C
52. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词短语辨析的能力。设空处说"但事实证明我的努力____",指努力得到了回报。D项"paid off"(得到回报、取得成功)符合语境;A项"worked out"(解决、锻炼)、B项"took over"(接管)、C项"turned up"(出现)均不符合。故D项正确。
【参考答案】D
53. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行名词词义辨析的能力。后文说"with four half marathons under my feet"(已完成四次半马),说明作者已成为"跑者"。A项"runner"(跑者)符合语境;B项"winner"(赢家)、C项"student"(学生)、D项"teacher"(老师)均不符合。故A项正确。
【参考答案】A
54. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行动词词义辨析的能力。设空处说"今年还有更多活动被____",表示已被"计划"。C项"planned"(计划)符合语境;A项"proposed"(提议)、B项"demanded"(要求)、D项"required"(要求)均不如"planned"贴切。故C项正确。
【参考答案】C
55. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生在语境中进行名词词义辨析的能力。设空处所在句意为"跑全程马拉松不再遥不可及","out of one's reach"为固定搭配,意为"遥不可及"。B项"reach"(够到的范围)符合语境;A项"sight"(视线)、C项"mind"(思想)、D项"vision"(视力)均不符合固定搭配。故B项正确。
【参考答案】B
语法填空
【试题立意】
本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为"人与社会"下的"科学与技术"领域——医疗健康。文本介绍了墨尔本研究人员正在开发的一项面部手术新技术:通过3D成像技术预测儿童面部正常生长轨迹,以帮助医生在面部手术中做出更精准的决策。核心价值在于引导考生关注科技进步对医疗领域的积极影响,理解科学研究如何改善人类生活质量。
【语篇解读】
Part 1 (Para. 1): 引出话题——墨尔本研究人员正在开发一项可能改变儿童面部手术面貌的新技术。
Part 2 (Para. 2): 介绍新技术功能——让医生根据不同年龄段预测儿童未来面部生长。
Part 3 (Paras. 3-4): 对比新旧技术——传统方法(照片和X光)速度慢,而新方法使用3D图像建立正常面部生长平均值。
Part 4 (Para. 5): 阐述项目的应用意义——可减少手术中的猜测,以Pierre Robin Sequence患儿为例,帮助医生决定最佳治疗方案。
【试题分析】
56. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句子结构并使用关系代词的能力。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词"children",先行词指人,且从句缺少主语,应用关系代词"who"或"that"。
【参考答案】who/that
57. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句中横线成分和使用名词的能力。设空处前有指示代词"This"和形容词"new",后有谓语"will allow",可知需填名词作主语。"develop"为动词,其名词形式为"development"(发展、开发)。
【参考答案】development
58. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句子结构和正确使用非谓语动词的能力。设空处作后置定语修饰"the ruler","the ruler"与"use"之间为被动关系(被使用的尺子),应用过去分词"used"。
【参考答案】used
59. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句子结构和正确使用非谓语动词的能力。设空处位于介词"By"之后,需用动名词作宾语。"improve"的动名词形式为"improving"。
【参考答案】improving
60. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句子结构和正确使用副词比较级的能力。设空处后有"than before",需用副词"well"的比较级"better"修饰动词"complete"。
【参考答案】better
61. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句中横线成分和使用名词复数的能力。设空处为后句的主语,谓语为"were",主语应为复数。"method"的复数形式为"methods"。
【参考答案】methods
62. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生正确使用介词的能力。"together with"为固定搭配,意为"与……一起"。
【参考答案】with
63. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句子结构和正确使用非谓语动词的能力。"intend to do"为固定搭配,意为"打算做某事",后接不定式作宾语。
【参考答案】to take
64. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生正确使用冠词的能力。"condition"在此为可数名词,表泛指"一种严重的状况",且"serious"以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词"a"。
【参考答案】a
65. 【思维过程】 本题考查考生分析句子结构和正确使用副词的能力。设空处修饰动词"correct",需用副词。"natural"为形容词,其副词形式为"naturally"(自然地)。
【参考答案】naturally
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