精品解析：2026届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三5月考前模拟英语试题

高三英语5月 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Irish seaweed bathing If any nation has unlocked the full potential of seaweed, it’s Ireland. ____1____ (early) records so far show the sixth-century monks living on Skellig Michael off the southwest coast already made use of it, collecting wild seaweed to eat and fertilise their rocky gardens. By around the 1800s, west coast farmers ____2____ (make) a new discovery: while gathering seaweed to fertilise their crops, their skin diseases magically improved, for ____3____ reason the art of seaweed bathing was born. The Victorians were pros, the practice ____4____ (lead) to the creation of some 300 seaweed-dedicated bathhouses across the country. Bathers would soak in tubs filled with near-boiling Atlantic seawater, to which fresh, local seaweed would be added ____5____ (steam). This allowed the seaweed’s essential oils to infuse (渗入) the water, and a long soak calmed bathers’ skin. Around the mid-1900s, though, seaweed bathing fell out of fashion with both locals and travellers. Just over a decade ago, only two bathhouses remained. Studies have since shown ____6____ the practice does, in fact, hold weight: seaweed’s bioactive compounds, released as oil when added to boiling water, can indeed calm the skin. And, ____7____ a renewed focus across Ireland on celebrating traditional heritage, seaweed is back on the menu — appearing everywhere from Waterford to Donegal and in hotel spas to simple bathhouses. In County Slig, Cullen Seaweed Baths is the oldest of its kind: a fifth-generation, family-run operation that hand-harvests wild seaweed, ____8____ it has since opening in 1912. The venue that initiated the latest revival is Voya Seaweed Baths, which opened in 2000, launching an award-winning line of seaweed-infused products. In the past few years, ____9____ have been joined by a bevy (一批) of openings. At Wild Atlantic Seaweed Baths, you can bathe beside the Cliffs of Moher. Beachside Dingle Wellness has organic seaweed treatments, while Connemara Seaweed Baths offers the treatment alongside saunas (桑拿浴). Hotels including The Twelve are expanding their spas to offer the experience, too. Seaweed’s popularity _____10_____ have started with a colony of hardy monks, but the humble seaweed is now riding a wellness wave. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. amateur B. bathed C. bouncing D. crawl E. defining F. further G. intervening H. literally I. livestream J. missions K. undisturbed Going Back to the Moon On 17 January, after years of delays, the towering SLS rocket that will carry the first astronauts to the Moon in over half a century finally rolled out of the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center. The Artemis vehicle, ____11____ in early morning sunshine, headed for its launch pad. More delays and a roll back to the assembly building for repairs came later, but for me this was a ____12____ moment. I sat in front of my television for hours with my cat draped across my lap, watching NASA’s ____13____ of the rocket’s progress to the pad. The cat was totally unimpressed, and I know that for those who, like her, are not ‘into space’, watching a rocket’s oh-so-slow ____14____ to its destination was probably about as stimulating as watching a tortoise watching paint dry. But I was deeply moved. Why? Because I’ve waited ____15____ decades to see that rocket heading for its pad. I wasn’t even born when Apollo 8 rounded the Moon, and I was just starting school when the later Apollo ____16____ reached the Moon, and have vivid memories of the whole school sitting on the hard, cold floor in front of The School Television. It was watching the grainy footage of those astronauts ____17____ about on that TV screen that first lit the pilot light of my fascination with space. When Apollo 17 left the Moon, I was sad — but excited too. After all, everyone was saying we’d be back soon and that nuclear-powered spaceships would be carrying astronauts to Mars in 1982, by which time I’d be a teenager. But that future never happened. After Apollo 17, we abandoned the Moon, leaving the flags and footprints of the Apollo heroes ____18____ for decades. I grew up to become a(n) ____19____ astronomer and science writer, covering one cancelled lunar exploration programme after another. As I wrote article after article telling kids how astronauts could be back on the Moon “soon”, I felt the return to the Moon getting _____20_____ away, not closer as it was supposed to. But watching that SLS rolling to its pad, I was able to really believe that it won’t be long before I’ll finally be able to go out into my yard, look up at the Moon shining above and say, “There are people flying around that …” Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The days of the camera-carrying tourist may be numbered. Insensitive travellers are being ordered to ___21___ pointing their cameras at local residents. Tour companies selling expensive trips to remote corners of the world have become increasingly annoyed at the ___22___ of visitors upsetting locals. Now one such operator plans to ban clients from taking any photographic equipment on holidays. Julian Matthews is the director of Discovery Initiatives, a company that is working hand-in-hand with other organisations to offer holidays combining high adventure with working on environmental projects. Matthews says he is providing 'holiday without ___23___, insisting that Discovery Initiatives is not a tour operator but an environmental support company. Clients are referred to as 'participants'. 'We see ourselves as the next step on from eco-tourism, which is merely a(n) ___24___ form of sensitive travel-ours is a more active approach.' However, says Matthews, there is a price to pay. ' I am planning to introduce tours with a total ban on cameras because of the damage they do to our relationships with ___25___. I have seen some ___26___ things, such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside. Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking? A camera is like weapon; it puts up a barrier and you lose all the ___27___ that comes through body language, which ___28___ means that the host communities are denied access to the so-called cross-cultural exchange.' Matthews' views reflect a growing ___29___ among some tour companies at the increasingly rude behaviour of wealthy tourists. Chris Parrott, of Journey Latin America, says: 'We tell our clients that indigenous（土著的）people are often shy about being _____30_____ but we certainly don't tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may find themselves having tomatoes thrown at them.' Crispin Jones, of Exodus, the overland truck specialist, says: 'We don't have a(n) _____31_____; but, should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be _____32_____. Clients tend to do what they are told.' Earth-watch, which pioneered the _____33_____ of active eco-tourism by sending paying volunteers to work on scientific projects around the world, does not ban cameras, but operates strict rules on their use. Ed Wilson, the marketing director of the company, say: ' Some people use the camera as a barrier; it allows them to distance themselves from the reality of what they _____34_____. I would like to see tourists _____35_____ their cameras for once, rather than trying to record everything they see.' 21. A. consider B. stop C. practise D. mind 22. A. edge B. expense C. bottom D. sight 23. A. surprise B. limit C. doubt D. guilt 24. A. passive B. simple C. inexpensive D. innovative 25. A. guides B. locals C. tourists D. specialists 26. A. routine B. interesting C. terrible D. personal 27. A. protection B. passion C. communication D. dignity 28. A. effectively B. accidentally C. comparatively D. optimistically 29. A. unease B. feeling C. ambition D. despair 30. A. misunderstood B. witnessed C. sponsored D. photographed 31. A. experience B. policy C. market D. intention 32. A. offended B. used C. judged D. deserted 33. A. change B. benefit C. concept D. history 34. A. say B. hear C. do D. see 35. A. turning up B. looking after C. putting away D. running out Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Charles Blackmore led an expedition across one of the last unexplored places on earth, the Taklamakan Desert in western China. His team was composed of four Britons, an American photographer, four Chinese, 30 camels and six camel handlers. It later turned out that the camel handlers had never worked with camels before, but were long-distance lorry drivers: a misunderstanding that could have cost everyone their lives and certainly affected the expedition’s success. This mixed group set out to cross 1,200 kilometres of the world’s most deserted desert and Charles Blackmore has written a book for their journey. At the time, he was about to leave the Army after 14 happy years. He launched the expedition for fun, to fill a gap in his life, to prove something. “I had always assumed I’d spend my whole life in the Army. I had been offered promotion but suddenly I felt I wanted to see who Charles Blackmore really was, outside all that. It was a tremendous gamble. Tina, my wife, was very worried that I wouldn’t come back as nobody had ever done that route; we went into it blind. In the event, it took 59 days to cross from west to east, and the desert was very kind to us.” Anyone reading his extraordinary account of the crossing will wonder at the use of the word “kind”. The team suffered unspeakable hardships: extremes of temperature; severe thirst; the loss of part of their precious water supply… “But”, Blackmore explains, “when we were at the limits of our own endurance and the camels had gone without water for seven days, we managed to find some. We didn’t experience the Taklamakan’s legendary sandstorms. And we never hit the raw, biting desert cold that would have totally immobilised us. That’s not to say that we weren’t fighting against difficulties the whole time. The fine sand got into everything. The high dunes were difficult to climb, for us and for the camels, which often rolled over onto us.” “What drove me on more than anything else was the need to survive. We had no alternative plan. Neither our budget nor time allowed one. No aircraft ever flew over us. Once we got into the sandhills we were completely on our own.” If it was like that at the beginning, how did they feel towards the end? “When you’ve walked for 1,000 kilometres you’re not going to turn back. You’ve endured so much; you’ve got so much behind you. We were very thin, but very muscular despite our physical exhaustion”. 36. When the expedition members set off, some of the group ________. A. presented an unexpected risk B. disagreed with each other C. were doubtful of success D. went on ahead of the others 37. Charles Blackmore had decided to set up the expedition because ________. A. he was certain he could complete it B. he wanted to write a book C. his aims in life had changed D. his self-confidence was low 38. Which of the following best describes the team’s experience of the desert? A. It was worse than they had expected. B. It presented continual difficulties. C. They were not able to have enough rest. D. They sometimes could not make any progress at all. 39. According to Blackmore, what enabled him to finish the expedition? A. His lack of funding. B. His strength of will. C. His physical preparation. D. His understanding of the desert. (B) Fog consists of molecules (分子) of water vapour, suspended in the air as tiny droplets of water close to the surface of the Earth. It occurs when air saturated (饱和) with water vapour is cooled suddenly, and there are several different ways this can happen. 1 Radiation fog forms over land on calm, clear nights when heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface during the day is radiated into the air. As the heat escapes upwards, air close to the surface is cooled until it reaches saturation. Cold air holds less water vapour than warm air, and the water vapour condenses into fog. Radiation fog will usually ‘burn off’ as the ground begins to warm again, but during winter months it can persist all day. 2 Valley fog usually forms in the lowest parts of a valley as cold, dense air settles and condenses, forming fog. It’s continued from spreading by local hills or mountains, and can persist for several days. 3 Advection fog forms when horizontal winds push warm, moist air over a cool surface, where it condenses into fog. It’s common at sea, where warm, tropical air moves over cooler water. Advection fog can cover wide areas, and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay is often hidden in advection fog. 4 Upslope fog forms when wind blows moist air up a slope, hill, or mountain, which cools as it rises. As it cools, the moisture condenses, and fog is formed as it continues to drift up the slope. 5 Evaporation fog forms as cold air passes over moist land, or warm water. When the warmer water evaporates into the low bands of air, it warms the air and causes it to rise. As this warm, moist air rises, it mixes with the colder air until its humidity reaches 100 per cent, and fog is formed. 40. Radiation fog may persist for longer than usual when ________. A. more heat rises from the Earth’s surface B. the air close to the surface cools at night C. less heat is absorbed after the sun rises D. the cold air carries less water vapour 41. Which of the following picture best illustrates advection fog? A. B. C. D. 42. According to the passage, what are the common necessary conditions to form fog? (1) When there isn’t much wind. (2) When there is horizontal wind. (3) Where there is open space. (4) Where there is water surface. (5) Where vapour is suspended in the air. (6) When humidity reaches 100%. (7) When saturated air cools down. (8) When cool air is warmed up. A. (1), (3), (5) and (7). B. (2), (4), (6) and (8). C. (2), (5) and (8). D. (5), (6) and (7). (C) How useful is it, really, to know yourself? The idea that self-knowledge is good for us dates all the way back to the inscriptions (铭文) on ancient Greece’s Temple of Apollo in Delphi. It is still popularly assumed that people with a clear view of themselves and their abilities are better off — that they feel better, have more satisfying relationships and are more successful. But when psychologists have tested that theory, they haven’t found much strong evidence of the benefits of self-insight for well-being. An interesting study recently added findings to this long-standing debate. It tested five of the most common hypotheses (假说) on the connection between self-insight and psychological adjustment. Does self-knowledge really lead to higher satisfaction? Is it maybe more productive to just think positively — even if a little overconfidently — about one’s abilities? Or could it be that those with the highest abilities will be better adjusted? The study, published in July in Nature Human Behaviour, found support for none of these ideas. Instead, it somehow indicated that it is people with the biggest gap between their abilities and their view of themselves who say they have the highest levels of satisfaction with their life, career and relationships. “People who report being more adjusted are those who have a combination of relatively lower true abilities and actual higher views of themselves,” says Stéphane Côté, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto and an author of the paper. Beyond its unanticipated findings, the new study is notable for how it was conducted. It was a registered report, a still relatively rare process that fundamentally shifts the way how scientific research get published. With this study, the journal looked into the planning stages of it and accepted it, in principle, for publication before any data have been collected, regardless of the result. Such an approach is expressly intended for confirmatory research. By that criterion, the self-insight study was an excellent candidate. It was one of the first two registered reports in Nature Human Behaviour. Both appeared in the same issue, along with an editorial on the importance of this new way of doing science. Traditionally, it is mostly “significant” results, meaning those that confirm a hypothesis at a level above statistical significance, that get published. That phenomenon has led to a concern that too much scientific research is left in file drawers and never submitted to a journal, biasing the perception of what is known. “We strongly believe that when the question is important and the methods robust, the results will be important no matter what they are,” the authors of the editorial wrote. 43. What is the purpose of this recent study? A. To illustrate that there’s little meaning in having much self-insight. B. To prove the strong connecting between abilities and well-being. C. To explore the relationship between self-knowledge and success. D. To find out whether one’s self-knowledge leads to higher abilities. 44. According to Stéphane Côté, what kind of people are most likely to be happy with their life? A. Those with a clear view of themselves and their abilities. B. Those with a positive way of thinking and high abilities. C. Those without much self-knowledge or high self-esteem. D. Those without high abilities but see themselves highly. 45. According to the editorial authors of Nature Human Behaviour, this study is notable because ________. A. it is one of the first attempts with a new research approach B. it is a study with some completely unanticipated new findings C. it is a rare fundamental research study in the field of psychology D. it is fully supported and financially backed up by the journal 46. What can be inferred from the findings of this recent study? A. There is no way to prove some most-commonly believed ideas. B. There is no definite answer to even the most sought-after questions. C. There is no sense in trying to figure out people’s true view of themselves. D. There is no reason behind why some people are successful and some are not. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Optimize Your Sleep According to Statistics Canada, more than one third of Canadians are chronically sleep deprived — and that’s bad news for our brains, which perform worse after even a single night of inadequate rest. ____47____ Sleep is also crucial for encoding new impressions and knowledge into your long-term memory. In a University of California San Diego study, researchers found that well-rested participants remembered twice as many new vocabulary words as those who didn’t get enough sleep. And when it comes to our motor skills, they drop in speed by 20 per cent when we’ve underslept. If you’re having a difficult time getting the recommended seven to nine hours of shut-eye a night, doctors recommend assessing your sleep habits. Are you keeping to a schedule? ____48____ When you rise, open your blinds so the sun can kick-start your circadian rhythm, the inner clock that regulates your level of wakefulness throughout the day and night. Limit naps to 30 minutes a day. ____49____ Avoid caffeine after lunch. And while drinking alcohol before bedtime can help put you to sleep, it increases the chance you’ll wake up in the middle of the night. That’s because it increases the production of a chemical called adenosine, which makes you groggy — but only temporarily. When the adenosine wears off, you wake up. Do you make time for shutting down? Two hours before bedtime, stop using screens — the blue light they emit can confuse your body, causing it to produce less melatonin, a hormone that makes us sleepy. ____50____ Is your room conducive to sleep? Channel your ancient ancestors by thinking of your bedroom as a cave. It should be cool, dark and quiet. A. Don’t go to bed hungry or stuffed. B. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. C. Instead, create a relaxing ritual to end your day, like reading or having a shower. D. Sleep cleans the brain of unneeded by-products from its daily functioning. E. What are you consuming? F. Why sleep matters? Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. This therapeutic approach has been gaining recognition in recent years, supported by various studies highlighting its benefits. Scientists and health professionals have observed that engaging with plants and nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. A study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals who participated in gardening activities reported lower levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Gardening also encourages physical activity, which is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health and overall fitness. Dr. Richard Ryan, a prominent psychologist at Harvard, emphasizes the importance of nature in fostering psychological well-being. He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The act of nurturing plants can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with mental health issues, as it fosters mindfulness and presence in the moment. Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. The structured nature of gardening tasks can help individuals develop new skills and improve their social interactions, which are crucial for recovery. Gardening therapy is a valuable tool that taps the therapeutic potential of nature. Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. As more studies emerge, the recognition of gardening as a legitimate therapeutic practice continues to grow, paving the way for its broader implementation in healthcare settings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这幅油画传达了何种情感和主题?（convey）（汉译英） ________________________________________ 53. 她在阳光明媚的操场上尽情奔跑，享受着体育课带来的快乐。（while）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 劳动教育旨在通过实践活动培养学生的团队合作精神，帮助他们认识劳动的重要性。(intend)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 中国古典文学以其丰富的诗词和小说著称，体现了深厚的文化底蕴和独特的艺术风格。(With…)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近年来，人工智能（AI）技术快速发展，很多中学都尝试用AI辅助教学（如智能批改作业、个性化学习等），某英文报社就此现象发起讨论，主题为：AI in Education，你对此话题很感兴趣，准备投稿参与讨论，请你以李华的名义给该报社写一封邮件，内容须包括： ● 你对该主题的观点; ● 结合自身经历或所见所闻，论证你的观点。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语5月 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Irish seaweed bathing If any nation has unlocked the full potential of seaweed, it’s Ireland. ____1____ (early) records so far show the sixth-century monks living on Skellig Michael off the southwest coast already made use of it, collecting wild seaweed to eat and fertilise their rocky gardens. By around the 1800s, west coast farmers ____2____ (make) a new discovery: while gathering seaweed to fertilise their crops, their skin diseases magically improved, for ____3____ reason the art of seaweed bathing was born. The Victorians were pros, the practice ____4____ (lead) to the creation of some 300 seaweed-dedicated bathhouses across the country. Bathers would soak in tubs filled with near-boiling Atlantic seawater, to which fresh, local seaweed would be added ____5____ (steam). This allowed the seaweed’s essential oils to infuse (渗入) the water, and a long soak calmed bathers’ skin. Around the mid-1900s, though, seaweed bathing fell out of fashion with both locals and travellers. Just over a decade ago, only two bathhouses remained. Studies have since shown ____6____ the practice does, in fact, hold weight: seaweed’s bioactive compounds, released as oil when added to boiling water, can indeed calm the skin. And, ____7____ a renewed focus across Ireland on celebrating traditional heritage, seaweed is back on the menu — appearing everywhere from Waterford to Donegal and in hotel spas to simple bathhouses. In County Slig, Cullen Seaweed Baths is the oldest of its kind: a fifth-generation, family-run operation that hand-harvests wild seaweed, ____8____ it has since opening in 1912. The venue that initiated the latest revival is Voya Seaweed Baths, which opened in 2000, launching an award-winning line of seaweed-infused products. In the past few years, ____9____ have been joined by a bevy (一批) of openings. At Wild Atlantic Seaweed Baths, you can bathe beside the Cliffs of Moher. Beachside Dingle Wellness has organic seaweed treatments, while Connemara Seaweed Baths offers the treatment alongside saunas (桑拿浴). Hotels including The Twelve are expanding their spas to offer the experience, too. Seaweed’s popularity _____10_____ have started with a colony of hardy monks, but the humble seaweed is now riding a wellness wave. 【答案】1. The earliest 2. had made 3. which 4. leading 5. to be steamed 6. that 7. thanks to 8. just as 9. they 10. may 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕爱尔兰海藻浴展开，讲述其从早期被僧侣利用，到因偶然发现对皮肤病有益而诞生海藻浴艺术，经历兴衰后如今又因传统遗产受重视而复兴的历程，还介绍了一些相关的海藻浴场。 【1题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：迄今为止最早的记录显示，生活在西南海岸外斯凯利格·迈克尔岛上的六世纪僧侣已经在利用海藻，采集野生海藻食用并给他们的岩石花园施肥。根据“so far”可知，这里强调是到目前为止最早的记录，要用形容词early的最高级形式，且最高级前通常加定冠词the。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：到19世纪左右，西海岸的农民有了一项新发现：在收集海藻给庄稼施肥时，他们的皮肤病神奇地改善了，基于这个原因，海藻浴这门艺术诞生了。“by +过去时间”表示“到……为止”，常与过去完成时连用，其结构为“had +过去分词”，表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。这里指在19世纪左右之前农民就已经有了这个发现。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：到19世纪左右，西海岸的农民有了一项新发现：在收集海藻给庄稼施肥时，他们的皮肤病神奇地改善了，基于这个原因，海藻浴这门艺术诞生了。非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事（皮肤病症神奇好转），介词 for 提前，只能用关系代词 which。 for which reason = as a result of which。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：维多利亚时代的人很精通此道，这种做法使得全国出现了约300家专门的海藻澡堂。分析句子结构，这里没有连词，所以用谓语动词形式。“the practice”与“lead to”之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作状语，构成独立主格结构。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：入浴者会浸泡在装满几乎沸腾的大西洋海水的浴缸里，新鲜的当地海藻会被添加进去蒸煮。此处表示海藻被添加进去的目的是被蒸煮，用动词不定式的被动形式to be steamed作目的状语。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：从那以后的研究表明，这种做法实际上是有依据的：海藻中的生物活性化合物，在加入沸水中时会以油的形式释放出来，确实可以舒缓皮肤。“the practice does, in fact, hold weight”是一个完整的句子，作“shown”的宾语，所以用连接词that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。 【7题详解】 考查短语。句意：而且，由于爱尔兰各地重新关注庆祝传统遗产，海藻又重回人们的选择——从沃特福德到多尼戈尔，从酒店水疗中心到简易澡堂，随处可见。根据语境，这里表示原因，“thanks to”意为“由于，多亏”，符合语境。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：在斯莱戈郡，卡伦海藻浴场是同类浴场中最古老的：这是一家五代人经营的家族企业，自1912年开业以来一直手工采摘野生海藻，就像它从开业以来一直在做的那样。“just as”表示“正如，就像”，引导方式状语从句。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：在过去几年里，又有一批新开业的场所加入了它们的行列。这里指代前文提到的“Cullen Seaweed Baths”和“Voya Seaweed Baths”，作主语，用主格代词they。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：海藻的流行可能始于一群吃苦耐劳的僧侣，但这种不起眼的海藻如今正乘着健康养生的浪潮。根据语境，这里表示对过去情况不太确定的推测，“may have done”表示“过去可能做过某事”。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. amateur B. bathed C. bouncing D. crawl E. defining F. further G. intervening H. literally I. livestream J. missions K. undisturbed Going Back to the Moon On 17 January, after years of delays, the towering SLS rocket that will carry the first astronauts to the Moon in over half a century finally rolled out of the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center. The Artemis vehicle, ____11____ in early morning sunshine, headed for its launch pad. More delays and a roll back to the assembly building for repairs came later, but for me this was a ____12____ moment. I sat in front of my television for hours with my cat draped across my lap, watching NASA’s ____13____ of the rocket’s progress to the pad. The cat was totally unimpressed, and I know that for those who, like her, are not ‘into space’, watching a rocket’s oh-so-slow ____14____ to its destination was probably about as stimulating as watching a tortoise watching paint dry. But I was deeply moved. Why? Because I’ve waited ____15____ decades to see that rocket heading for its pad. I wasn’t even born when Apollo 8 rounded the Moon, and I was just starting school when the later Apollo ____16____ reached the Moon, and have vivid memories of the whole school sitting on the hard, cold floor in front of The School Television. It was watching the grainy footage of those astronauts ____17____ about on that TV screen that first lit the pilot light of my fascination with space. When Apollo 17 left the Moon, I was sad — but excited too. After all, everyone was saying we’d be back soon and that nuclear-powered spaceships would be carrying astronauts to Mars in 1982, by which time I’d be a teenager. But that future never happened. After Apollo 17, we abandoned the Moon, leaving the flags and footprints of the Apollo heroes ____18____ for decades. I grew up to become a(n) ____19____ astronomer and science writer, covering one cancelled lunar exploration programme after another. As I wrote article after article telling kids how astronauts could be back on the Moon “soon”, I felt the return to the Moon getting _____20_____ away, not closer as it was supposed to. But watching that SLS rolling to its pad, I was able to really believe that it won’t be long before I’ll finally be able to go out into my yard, look up at the Moon shining above and say, “There are people flying around that …” 【答案】11. B 12. E 13. I 14. D 15. H 16. J 17. C 18. K 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者从童年受阿波罗任务启发而对太空产生迷恋，到经历数十年探月计划屡屡取消的失望，最终目睹此次火箭就位，对重返月球这一愿景重燃信心。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：阿耳忒弥斯飞行器沐浴在清晨的阳光下，驶向发射台。句中已有谓语headed，空处应填非谓语动词。bathed为过去分词，与其逻辑主语The Artemis vehicle构成被动关系，且（be）bathed in为固定搭配，意为“沐浴在……之中”，此处用过去分词短语说明飞船行进时的被阳光照耀的状态。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：之后又经历了多次延误以及将火箭运回装配大楼进行维修，但对我来说，这是一个决定性时刻。空格后为名词moment，空处应填形容词作定语修饰moment。根据下文作者的情感描述及对童年太空记忆的回顾，可知这一刻对作者具有重要意义，defining为形容词，意为“起决定性作用的”，符合语境。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：我坐在电视机前几个小时，猫趴在我腿上，观看NASA对火箭向发射台行进过程的直播。空格前的“NASA’s”为名词所有格，空处应填入名词，作现在分词watching的宾语。根据上文“sat in front of my television for hours”可知，作者坐在电视机前数小时，应是在观看直播，livestream为名词，意为“直播”。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：猫完全不感兴趣，而且我知道，对于那些像它一样对太空不感冒的人来说，观看火箭慢吞吞地爬向目的地，其刺激程度大概堪比观看一只乌龟看油漆变干。空格前有名词所有格“a rocket’s”，空处应填入名词，作动名词watching的宾语。根据句意，描述火箭向目的地“缓慢移动”的过程，应用名词crawl，意为“缓慢行进、爬行”，与后文 tortoise呼应，形容火箭挪动速度极慢。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：因为我足足等了几十年，才亲眼见到那枚火箭驶向发射台。此处literally为副词，起强调作用，意为“确实地、实实在在”，修饰谓语动词have waited，突出等待的时间极其漫长，表达作者长久期盼后的强烈感慨。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：阿波罗8号绕月飞行那年，我甚至还未出世；后续阿波罗系列登月任务实施时，我才刚入学。至今我仍清晰记得，全校师生挤在学校电视机前，坐在冰凉坚硬的地板上观看直播的画面。空处应填名词作主语，Apollo仅为任务代号，后面应加具体名词，且根据常识，阿波罗8号之后，美国有一系列绕月和登月的任务，空处应填missions，为名词复数形式，表达“多项任务”之意。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：正是电视屏幕上那些宇航员蹦蹦跳跳的模糊画面，第一次点燃了我对太空的迷恋。空处位于介词of之后，应填入动名词作介词宾语，且能与空前的those astronauts构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表明those astronauts所做的动作是“蹦蹦跳跳”，符合描述宇航员在月球上低重力环境下行走时的弹跳姿态。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：阿波罗17号任务结束后，我们就此搁置了登月探索，将阿波罗英雄们的旗帜和脚印数十年无人打扰地留在那里。空前leaving为现在分词，the flags and footprints of the Apollo heroes为leaving的宾语，空处应填形容词作宾语补足语，描述旗帜和脚印处于“未被干扰”的状态。undisturbed为形容词作宾补，意为“未被惊扰的”，符合句意。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我长大后成为了一名业余天文学家和科普作家，接连报道了一项又一项中途夭折的探月计划。空后为名词astronomer，空处应填形容词作定语。amateur为形容词，意为“业余的”，与后文“covering one cancelled lunar exploration programme after another”所体现的专业写作工作形成对比，符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：我一篇又一篇撰文，向孩子们讲述宇航员“很快”就能重返月球，可我却感到重返月球变得越来越遥远，而不是像预期的那样越来越近。后文“not closer as it was”与空前内容形成对比，空处填入副词further表示程度，getting further away意为“越来越远”，further与后文的closer形成对照。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The days of the camera-carrying tourist may be numbered. Insensitive travellers are being ordered to ___21___ pointing their cameras at local residents. Tour companies selling expensive trips to remote corners of the world have become increasingly annoyed at the ___22___ of visitors upsetting locals. Now one such operator plans to ban clients from taking any photographic equipment on holidays. Julian Matthews is the director of Discovery Initiatives, a company that is working hand-in-hand with other organisations to offer holidays combining high adventure with working on environmental projects. Matthews says he is providing 'holiday without ___23___, insisting that Discovery Initiatives is not a tour operator but an environmental support company. Clients are referred to as 'participants'. 'We see ourselves as the next step on from eco-tourism, which is merely a(n) ___24___ form of sensitive travel-ours is a more active approach.' However, says Matthews, there is a price to pay. ' I am planning to introduce tours with a total ban on cameras because of the damage they do to our relationships with ___25___. I have seen some ___26___ things, such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside. Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking? A camera is like weapon; it puts up a barrier and you lose all the ___27___ that comes through body language, which ___28___ means that the host communities are denied access to the so-called cross-cultural exchange.' Matthews' views reflect a growing ___29___ among some tour companies at the increasingly rude behaviour of wealthy tourists. Chris Parrott, of Journey Latin America, says: 'We tell our clients that indigenous（土著的）people are often shy about being _____30_____ but we certainly don't tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may find themselves having tomatoes thrown at them.' Crispin Jones, of Exodus, the overland truck specialist, says: 'We don't have a(n) _____31_____; but, should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be _____32_____. Clients tend to do what they are told.' Earth-watch, which pioneered the _____33_____ of active eco-tourism by sending paying volunteers to work on scientific projects around the world, does not ban cameras, but operates strict rules on their use. Ed Wilson, the marketing director of the company, say: ' Some people use the camera as a barrier; it allows them to distance themselves from the reality of what they _____34_____. I would like to see tourists _____35_____ their cameras for once, rather than trying to record everything they see.' 21. A. consider B. stop C. practise D. mind 22. A. edge B. expense C. bottom D. sight 23. A. surprise B. limit C. doubt D. guilt 24. A. passive B. simple C. inexpensive D. innovative 25. A. guides B. locals C. tourists D. specialists 26. A. routine B. interesting C. terrible D. personal 27. A. protection B. passion C. communication D. dignity 28. A. effectively B. accidentally C. comparatively D. optimistically 29. A. unease B. feeling C. ambition D. despair 30. A. misunderstood B. witnessed C. sponsored D. photographed 31. A. experience B. policy C. market D. intention 32. A. offended B. used C. judged D. deserted 33. A. change B. benefit C. concept D. history 34. A. say B. hear C. do D. see 35. A. turning up B. looking after C. putting away D. running out 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了带着相机的游客的日子可能屈指可数了,麻木不仁的游客被勒令停止把相机对准当地居民,旅游公司在向世界偏远角落兜售昂贵旅游产品时,看到游客惹恼当地人,变得越来越恼火,他们正计划推出全面禁止使用相机的旅游,因为相机会破坏我们与当地人的关系。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：麻木不仁的旅行者被命令停止将相机对准当地居民。A. consider考虑；B. stop阻止；C. practise练习；D. mind思想。根据上一句“The days of the camera-carrying tourist may be numbered（ 游客携带照相机的日子可能不多了）”，可知他们被命令停止用相机对准当地的人们。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：旅游公司在向世界偏远角落兜售昂贵旅游产品时,看到游客惹恼当地人,变得越来越恼火。A. edge边缘；B. expense消费；C. bottom底部；D. sight视线。at the sight of是固定搭配，意为“一看到”。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马修斯说，他提供的是“没有内疚感的假期”，坚称探索计划不是一家旅游运营商，而是一家环境支持公司。A. surprise惊讶；B. limit限制；C. doubt怀疑；D. guilt内疚。结合句意以及insist（坚持）可知选择guilt符合题意。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们认为自己是生态旅游的下一步,生态旅游只是敏感旅游的一种被动形式,我们是一种更为主动的旅游。A. passive被动的；B. simple简单的；C. inexpensive便宜的；D. innovative创新的。空格处和下一句的 active（主动的）形成对比。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正计划推出全面禁止摄像头的旅游,因为摄像头会破坏我们与当地人的关系。A. guides导游；B. locals当地人；C. tourists游客；D. specialists专家。根据第一段“Insensitive travelers are being ordered to (1) pointing their cameras at local residents（麻木不仁的旅行者被命令停止将相机对准当地居民）”，可知摄像头会破坏我们和当地人的关系。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我见过一些可怕的事情，比如一组6名游客来到南美丛林的一个偏僻村庄,每个人都有一台摄像机依附在他们的脸上。这类事情让我在里面痛心不已A. routine日常；B. interesting有趣的；C. terrible可怕的；D. personal个人的。根据下一句“such as a group of six tourists arriving at a remote village in the South American jungle, each with a video camera attached to their face. That sort of thing tears me up inside（比如一组6名游客来到南美丛林的一个偏僻村庄,每个人都有一台摄像机依附在他们的脸上。这类事情让我在里面痛心不已）”，可知发生了可怕的事情。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相机就像一个武器,它设置了一个障碍,你失去了所有通过肢体语言进行的交流,这实际上意味着主办社区无法进入所谓的跨文化交流。A. protection保护；B. passion热情；C. communication交流；D. dignity尊严。根据下一句“that comes through body language（ 通过肢体语言进行的）”，可知是交流。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相机就像武器,它设置了一个障碍,你失去了所有通过肢体语言进行的交流,这实际上意味着主办社区无法进入所谓的跨文化交流。A. effectively有效地，实际上，事实上；B. accidentally偶然；C. comparatively相对地；D. optimistically乐观地。根据前后文可知是事实上意味着……。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：马修斯的观点反映了一些旅游公司对富有游客越来越粗鲁的行为越来越不安。A. unease不安；B. feeling感觉；C. ambition 抱负心；D. despair绝望。根据前文“Would you like somebody to come into your home and take a photo of you cooking?（你希望有人到你家来给你做饭拍照吗？）”，可知这种粗鲁的行为带来的应该是不安。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们告诉客户土著人常常羞于被拍照，但我们当然不会告诉他们不要拍照。A. misunderstood误会；B witnessed见证；C. sponsored赞助；D photographed拍照。根据下一句“but we certainly don't tell them not to take a camera. If they take pictures without asking, they may find themselves having tomatoes thrown at them.（但我们当然不会告诉他们不要拍照。如果他们不请自来地拍照,他们可能会发现自己被扔了西红柿）”，可知当地人不喜欢拍照。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：陆路卡车专家Exodus的克里斯宾·琼斯说：“我们没有政策，但是，如果摄像机引起冒犯，我们的导游会非常明确地表示，它们不能被使用。A. experience经验；B. policy政策；C. market市场；D. intention意图。根据后文的“should cameras cause offence, our tour leaders will make it quite clear that they cannot be …（ 如果摄像机引起冒犯，我们的导游会非常明确地表示，它们不能被......）”，可知应该表示我们没有政策。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：陆路卡车专家Exodus的克里斯宾·琼斯说：“我们没有政策，但是，如果摄像机引起冒犯，我们的导游会非常明确地表示，它们不能被使用。A. offended冒犯；B. used使用；C. judged判断；D. deserted遗弃。根据前一句中说到的“cause offence”（ 引起冒犯）”，可知应该是不能被使用。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Earthwatch通过派遣付费志愿者在世界各地从事科学项目,开创了积极生态旅游的概念,它不禁止使用相机,但对相机的使用有严格的规定。A. change改变；B. benefit利益；C. concept概念；D. history历史。“active eco-tourism”是一种概念。故选C 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人用相机作为屏障；它让他们远离他们所看到的现实。A. say 说；B. hear听到；C. do做；D. see看到。根据上一句“Some people use the camera as a barrier（一些人将相机作为屏障）”可知，相机让他们远离他们所看到的东西。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我希望看到游客们把相机暂时收起来，而不是试图记录他们所看到的一切。A. turning up出现；B. looking after照顾；C. putting away收起来；D. running out用完。根据下一句“rather than trying to record everything they see（而不是试图记录他们所看到的一切）”，可知我希望游客把相机收起来。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Charles Blackmore led an expedition across one of the last unexplored places on earth, the Taklamakan Desert in western China. His team was composed of four Britons, an American photographer, four Chinese, 30 camels and six camel handlers. It later turned out that the camel handlers had never worked with camels before, but were long-distance lorry drivers: a misunderstanding that could have cost everyone their lives and certainly affected the expedition’s success. This mixed group set out to cross 1,200 kilometres of the world’s most deserted desert and Charles Blackmore has written a book for their journey. At the time, he was about to leave the Army after 14 happy years. He launched the expedition for fun, to fill a gap in his life, to prove something. “I had always assumed I’d spend my whole life in the Army. I had been offered promotion but suddenly I felt I wanted to see who Charles Blackmore really was, outside all that. It was a tremendous gamble. Tina, my wife, was very worried that I wouldn’t come back as nobody had ever done that route; we went into it blind. In the event, it took 59 days to cross from west to east, and the desert was very kind to us.” Anyone reading his extraordinary account of the crossing will wonder at the use of the word “kind”. The team suffered unspeakable hardships: extremes of temperature; severe thirst; the loss of part of their precious water supply… “But”, Blackmore explains, “when we were at the limits of our own endurance and the camels had gone without water for seven days, we managed to find some. We didn’t experience the Taklamakan’s legendary sandstorms. And we never hit the raw, biting desert cold that would have totally immobilised us. That’s not to say that we weren’t fighting against difficulties the whole time. The fine sand got into everything. The high dunes were difficult to climb, for us and for the camels, which often rolled over onto us.” “What drove me on more than anything else was the need to survive. We had no alternative plan. Neither our budget nor time allowed one. No aircraft ever flew over us. Once we got into the sandhills we were completely on our own.” If it was like that at the beginning, how did they feel towards the end? “When you’ve walked for 1,000 kilometres you’re not going to turn back. You’ve endured so much; you’ve got so much behind you. We were very thin, but very muscular despite our physical exhaustion”. 36. When the expedition members set off, some of the group ________. A. presented an unexpected risk B. disagreed with each other C. were doubtful of success D. went on ahead of the others 37. Charles Blackmore had decided to set up the expedition because ________. A. he was certain he could complete it B. he wanted to write a book C. his aims in life had changed D. his self-confidence was low 38. Which of the following best describes the team’s experience of the desert? A. It was worse than they had expected. B. It presented continual difficulties. C. They were not able to have enough rest. D. They sometimes could not make any progress at all. 39. According to Blackmore, what enabled him to finish the expedition? A. His lack of funding. B. His strength of will. C. His physical preparation. D. His understanding of the desert. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. B 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Charles Blackmore带领一支混合的探险队历时59天穿越了1200公里的世界上最荒凉的沙漠——中国西部的塔克拉玛干沙漠，而且Charles Blackmore已经为他们的旅程写了一本书。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“His team was composed of four Britons, an American photographer, four Chinese, 30 camels and six camel handlers. It later turned out that the camel handlers had never worked with camels before, but were long-distance lorry drivers: a misunderstanding that could have cost everyone their lives and certainly affected the expedition’s success.(他的团队由4名英国人、1名美国摄影师、4名中国人、30头骆驼和6名骆驼驯兽师组成。后来才发现，这些骆驼饲养员以前从未接触过骆驼，而是长途卡车司机:这个误解可能会让每个人都付出生命的代价，当然也会影响探险的成功。)”可知Charles Blackmore这支探险队伍里面的6名骆驼驯兽师并不是真正的骆驼饲养员，而是长途卡车司机，所以这些人从一开始是就为队伍的探险之旅带来了意想不到的风险。故选A项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He launched the expedition for fun, to fill a gap in his life, to prove something.(他发起这次探险是为了好玩，为了填补他生命中的空白，为了证明一些东西。)”以及““I had always assumed I’d spend my whole life in the Army. I had been offered promotion but suddenly I felt I wanted to see who Charles Blackmore really was, outside all that.(“我一直以为我会在军队里度过我的一生。我得到了升职的机会，但我突然觉得我想看看Charles Blackmore究竟是谁，在这一切之外。)”可知Charles Blackmore之所以决定组织这次探险是因为他的人生目标发生了改变。故选C项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team suffered unspeakable hardships: extremes of temperature; severe thirst; the loss of part of their precious water supply…(摄制组遭遇了难以形容的困难：极端的温度；严重的干渴；他们失去了宝贵的水源……)”和“That’s not to say that we weren’t fighting against difficulties the whole time.(这并不是说我们没有一直在与困难作斗争。)”可知探险队在沙漠中经历了一系列的不断的困难。故选B项。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段““What drove me on more than anything else was the need to survive. We had no alternative plan. Neither our budget nor time allowed one. No aircraft ever flew over us. Once we got into the sandhills we were completely on our own.”(“对我来说，最重要的动力是生存的需要。我们没有其他的计划。我们的预算和时间都不允许。从来没有飞机飞过我们的上空。一旦我们进入沙丘，我们就完全靠自己了。”)”可知在Charles Blackmore看来，是他的坚强的意志让他完成了这次探险之旅。故选B项。 (B) Fog consists of molecules (分子) of water vapour, suspended in the air as tiny droplets of water close to the surface of the Earth. It occurs when air saturated (饱和) with water vapour is cooled suddenly, and there are several different ways this can happen. 1 Radiation fog forms over land on calm, clear nights when heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface during the day is radiated into the air. As the heat escapes upwards, air close to the surface is cooled until it reaches saturation. Cold air holds less water vapour than warm air, and the water vapour condenses into fog. Radiation fog will usually ‘burn off’ as the ground begins to warm again, but during winter months it can persist all day. 2 Valley fog usually forms in the lowest parts of a valley as cold, dense air settles and condenses, forming fog. It’s continued from spreading by local hills or mountains, and can persist for several days. 3 Advection fog forms when horizontal winds push warm, moist air over a cool surface, where it condenses into fog. It’s common at sea, where warm, tropical air moves over cooler water. Advection fog can cover wide areas, and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay is often hidden in advection fog. 4 Upslope fog forms when wind blows moist air up a slope, hill, or mountain, which cools as it rises. As it cools, the moisture condenses, and fog is formed as it continues to drift up the slope. 5 Evaporation fog forms as cold air passes over moist land, or warm water. When the warmer water evaporates into the low bands of air, it warms the air and causes it to rise. As this warm, moist air rises, it mixes with the colder air until its humidity reaches 100 per cent, and fog is formed. 40. Radiation fog may persist for longer than usual when ________. A. more heat rises from the Earth’s surface B. the air close to the surface cools at night C. less heat is absorbed after the sun rises D. the cold air carries less water vapour 41. Which of the following picture best illustrates advection fog? A. B. C. D. 42. According to the passage, what are the common necessary conditions to form fog? (1) When there isn’t much wind. (2) When there is horizontal wind. (3) Where there is open space. (4) Where there is water surface. (5) Where vapour is suspended in the air. (6) When humidity reaches 100%. (7) When saturated air cools down. (8) When cool air is warmed up. A. (1), (3), (5) and (7). B. (2), (4), (6) and (8). C. (2), (5) and (8). D. (5), (6) and (7). 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了雾的定义及五种雾的形成方式：辐射雾、山谷雾、平流雾、上坡雾和蒸发雾，并分别说明了各自的形成条件和特点。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Radiation fog will usually 'burn off' as the ground begins to warm again, but during winter months it can persist all day. (辐射雾通常会在地面再次升温后逐渐消散，但在冬季，它可以持续一整天)”可知，辐射雾持续更久的原因是地面回暖慢，即太阳升起后地面吸收的热量较少，导致雾无法及时消散。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Advection fog forms when horizontal winds push warm, moist air over a cool surface, where it condenses into fog. It's common at sea, where warm, tropical air moves over cooler water. (平流雾形成于水平风将温暖潮湿的空气推过较冷表面时，水汽在此凝结成雾。它常见于海上，温暖的热带空气移过较冷的水面。)”可知，平流雾的关键特征是：水平方向的风将暖湿空气推过冷表面。B图展示的正是暖空气水平移动到冷水面上的情景，符合平流雾的形成过程。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Fog consists of molecules of water vapour, suspended in the air as tiny droplets of water (雾由水蒸气分子组成，以微小水滴的形式悬浮在空气中)”可知(5)“水蒸气悬浮在空气中时”是必要条件；根据第一段“It occurs when air saturated with water vapour is cooled suddenly (当饱和水汽的空气突然冷却时就会发生)”可知(7)“饱和空气冷却时。”是必要条件；根据第五段“until its humidity reaches 100 per cent, and fog is formed (直到湿度达到100%，雾就形成了)”可知(6)“湿度达到100%时。”是必要条件。 (C) How useful is it, really, to know yourself? The idea that self-knowledge is good for us dates all the way back to the inscriptions (铭文) on ancient Greece’s Temple of Apollo in Delphi. It is still popularly assumed that people with a clear view of themselves and their abilities are better off — that they feel better, have more satisfying relationships and are more successful. But when psychologists have tested that theory, they haven’t found much strong evidence of the benefits of self-insight for well-being. An interesting study recently added findings to this long-standing debate. It tested five of the most common hypotheses (假说) on the connection between self-insight and psychological adjustment. Does self-knowledge really lead to higher satisfaction? Is it maybe more productive to just think positively — even if a little overconfidently — about one’s abilities? Or could it be that those with the highest abilities will be better adjusted? The study, published in July in Nature Human Behaviour, found support for none of these ideas. Instead, it somehow indicated that it is people with the biggest gap between their abilities and their view of themselves who say they have the highest levels of satisfaction with their life, career and relationships. “People who report being more adjusted are those who have a combination of relatively lower true abilities and actual higher views of themselves,” says Stéphane Côté, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto and an author of the paper. Beyond its unanticipated findings, the new study is notable for how it was conducted. It was a registered report, a still relatively rare process that fundamentally shifts the way how scientific research get published. With this study, the journal looked into the planning stages of it and accepted it, in principle, for publication before any data have been collected, regardless of the result. Such an approach is expressly intended for confirmatory research. By that criterion, the self-insight study was an excellent candidate. It was one of the first two registered reports in Nature Human Behaviour. Both appeared in the same issue, along with an editorial on the importance of this new way of doing science. Traditionally, it is mostly “significant” results, meaning those that confirm a hypothesis at a level above statistical significance, that get published. That phenomenon has led to a concern that too much scientific research is left in file drawers and never submitted to a journal, biasing the perception of what is known. “We strongly believe that when the question is important and the methods robust, the results will be important no matter what they are,” the authors of the editorial wrote. 43. What is the purpose of this recent study? A. To illustrate that there’s little meaning in having much self-insight. B. To prove the strong connecting between abilities and well-being. C. To explore the relationship between self-knowledge and success. D. To find out whether one’s self-knowledge leads to higher abilities. 44. According to Stéphane Côté, what kind of people are most likely to be happy with their life? A. Those with a clear view of themselves and their abilities. B. Those with a positive way of thinking and high abilities. C. Those without much self-knowledge or high self-esteem. D. Those without high abilities but see themselves highly. 45. According to the editorial authors of Nature Human Behaviour, this study is notable because ________. A. it is one of the first attempts with a new research approach B. it is a study with some completely unanticipated new findings C. it is a rare fundamental research study in the field of psychology D. it is fully supported and financially backed up by the journal 46. What can be inferred from the findings of this recent study? A. There is no way to prove some most-commonly believed ideas. B. There is no definite answer to even the most sought-after questions. C. There is no sense in trying to figure out people’s true view of themselves. D. There is no reason behind why some people are successful and some are not. 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. A 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍一项新型注册式心理学研究，探究自知之明与心理状态、人生满意度的关联，得出与传统认知相悖的结论，并介绍这种全新科研发表模式的优势。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It tested five of the most common hypotheses (假说) on the connection between self-insight and psychological adjustment. Does self-knowledge really lead to higher satisfaction?(它验证了五组关于自我认知与心理适应之间关联的主流假说，自我认知是否真的能带来更高的满足感？)”可知，该研究旨在探究自我认知和人生顺遂、满意度（成功、良好心理状态）之间的关系。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People who report being more adjusted are those who have a combination of relatively lower true abilities and actual higher views of themselves.(那些自述生活状态更好的人，往往自身真实能力不算突出，但自我评价很高。)”可知，能力普通却高估自己的人更容易对生活满意。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四“It was a registered report, a still relatively rare process that fundamentally shifts the way how scientific research get published.(这是一份注册报告，该发表流程目前仍较为少见，它从根本上改变了科研成果的发表模式。)”以及根据第五段“It was one of the first two registered reports in Nature Human Behaviour.(它是《自然・人类行为》期刊最早两篇注册报告之一)”可知，这项研究出名是因为它率先采用全新科研发表方式。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, published in July in Nature Human Behaviour, found support for none of these ideas.(这项发表于7月《自然-人类行为》的研究，没有为任何一个这些被普遍认可的观点找到支撑)”可推知，部分被大众普遍相信的观点目前无法得到证据证明。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Optimize Your Sleep According to Statistics Canada, more than one third of Canadians are chronically sleep deprived — and that’s bad news for our brains, which perform worse after even a single night of inadequate rest. ____47____ Sleep is also crucial for encoding new impressions and knowledge into your long-term memory. In a University of California San Diego study, researchers found that well-rested participants remembered twice as many new vocabulary words as those who didn’t get enough sleep. And when it comes to our motor skills, they drop in speed by 20 per cent when we’ve underslept. If you’re having a difficult time getting the recommended seven to nine hours of shut-eye a night, doctors recommend assessing your sleep habits. Are you keeping to a schedule? ____48____ When you rise, open your blinds so the sun can kick-start your circadian rhythm, the inner clock that regulates your level of wakefulness throughout the day and night. Limit naps to 30 minutes a day. ____49____ Avoid caffeine after lunch. And while drinking alcohol before bedtime can help put you to sleep, it increases the chance you’ll wake up in the middle of the night. That’s because it increases the production of a chemical called adenosine, which makes you groggy — but only temporarily. When the adenosine wears off, you wake up. Do you make time for shutting down? Two hours before bedtime, stop using screens — the blue light they emit can confuse your body, causing it to produce less melatonin, a hormone that makes us sleepy. ____50____ Is your room conducive to sleep? Channel your ancient ancestors by thinking of your bedroom as a cave. It should be cool, dark and quiet. A. Don’t go to bed hungry or stuffed. B. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. C. Instead, create a relaxing ritual to end your day, like reading or having a shower. D. Sleep cleans the brain of unneeded by-products from its daily functioning. E. What are you consuming? F. Why sleep matters? 【答案】47. D 48. B 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章通过分析多项科学研究介绍了优化睡眠的重要性及具体方法。 【47题详解】 上文“According to Statistics Canada, more than one third of Canadians are chronically sleep deprived — and that’s bad news for our brains, which perform worse after even a single night of inadequate rest. (根据加拿大统计局的数据，超过三分之一的加拿大人长期存在睡眠不足的问题——这对我们的大脑来说是个坏消息，因为即使只有一晚睡眠不足，大脑的表现也会明显下降。)”说明睡眠不足对大脑的负面影响，下文“Sleep is also crucial for encoding new impressions and knowledge into your long-term memory. (睡眠对将新印象和知识编码到长期记忆中也至关重要。)”用also引出睡眠的另一个功能。空格处需要填入睡眠对大脑的另一个好处，与下文构成并列。D项“Sleep cleans the brain of unneeded by-products from its daily functioning (睡眠清除大脑日常运作中不需要的副产品。)”说明睡眠的清洁功能，与上下文的大脑功能话题一致，且句式与下文“Sleep is also crucial for...”形成并列结构。 【48题详解】 上文“Are you keeping to a schedule? (你在遵守时间表吗？)”提出关于作息规律的问题，下文“When you rise, open your blinds so the sun can kick-start your circadian rhythm (起床时，打开窗帘让阳光启动你的昼夜节律)”说明起床后的做法。空格处需要填入对“遵守时间表”的具体回答。B项“Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. (每天同一时间睡觉和起床，即使在周末也一样。)”直接回答了遵守时间表的含义，与上下文一致。 【49题详解】 下文“Avoid caffeine after lunch. And while drinking alcohol before bedtime can help put you to sleep, it increases the chance you’ll wake up in the middle of the night. (午后避免咖啡因。虽然睡前饮酒可以帮助入睡，但会增加半夜醒来的几率。)”讨论的是咖啡因和酒精等摄入物对睡眠的影响。空格处位于段首，需要一个概括性的小标题。E项“What are you consuming? (你在摄入什么？)”作为小标题，引出下文关于咖啡因、酒精等摄入物的讨论，与下文内容完全对应。 【50题详解】 上文“Two hours before bedtime, stop using screens — the blue light they emit can confuse your body, causing it to produce less melatonin (睡前两小时停止使用屏幕——它们发出的蓝光会迷惑你的身体，导致褪黑素分泌减少)”说明要避免屏幕，空格处需要填入替代屏幕的做法。C项“Instead, create a relaxing ritual to end your day, like reading or having a shower. (相反，创建一个放松的仪式来结束你的一天，比如阅读或洗个澡。)”中Instead与上文构成替代关系，reading和having a shower是具体的睡前放松方式，与上文“stop using screens”形成对比，符合题意。 Ⅲ. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. This therapeutic approach has been gaining recognition in recent years, supported by various studies highlighting its benefits. Scientists and health professionals have observed that engaging with plants and nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. A study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals who participated in gardening activities reported lower levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Gardening also encourages physical activity, which is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health and overall fitness. Dr. Richard Ryan, a prominent psychologist at Harvard, emphasizes the importance of nature in fostering psychological well-being. He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The act of nurturing plants can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with mental health issues, as it fosters mindfulness and presence in the moment. Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. The structured nature of gardening tasks can help individuals develop new skills and improve their social interactions, which are crucial for recovery. Gardening therapy is a valuable tool that taps the therapeutic potential of nature. Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. As more studies emerge, the recognition of gardening as a legitimate therapeutic practice continues to grow, paving the way for its broader implementation in healthcare settings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in diverse populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了园艺疗法这一通过园艺活动促进身心健康的实践方式，阐述了其科学依据，说明了其对不同人群的积极意义，并指出这一疗法正日益获得认可并有望在医疗保健领域推广。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. ②Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. ③He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. ④Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. ⑤Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. 2. 缜密构思 以第1要点统领全文；将第2、3要点进行整合，构成核心益处；将第4要点作为补充，说明其适用人群，将第5要点作为总结评价。 3. 遣词造句 Gardening therapy uses gardening activities to promote well-being. It can significantly reduce stress and improve mood and cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose, fosters mindfulness, and aids recovery. It is used in recovery programs for the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function.（运用了that引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research.（运用了三个并列谓语，及过去分词短语作后置定语对） Ⅳ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这幅油画传达了何种情感和主题?（convey）（汉译英） ________________________________________ 【答案】What emotions and themes does this oil painting convey? 【解析】 【详解】本句是对客观问题的提问，用一般现在时，属于特殊疑问句，“何种”表达为what，句首单词首字母需大写，主语“这幅油画”表达为this oil painting，是第三人称单数，因此需要借助助动词does构成疑问语序，且谓语convey“传达”用动词原形，“情感和主题”表达为emotions and themes，作宾语，在疑问句中用what修饰。 53. 她在阳光明媚的操场上尽情奔跑，享受着体育课带来的快乐。（while）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 She ran to her heart’s content on the sunny playground while enjoying the joy brought by PE class. 【解析】 【详解】“奔跑”用动词run作谓语，“尽情”用固定短语to one’s heart’s content修饰动词run，此句描述过往的场景，用一般过去时态，“在阳光明媚的操场上”表达为on the sunny playground，“她在阳光明媚的操场上尽情奔跑”翻译为she ran to her heart’s content on the sunny playground；题目要求用while，while表“与此同时”可引导伴随状语，本句主从句主语都是“她”，符合状语从句省略规则（主从句主语一致、从句含be动词时，可省略从句主语+be动词），因此“享受着”用“while + 现在分词enjoying”的简化结构，“体育课带来的快乐”用过去分词短语“brought by PE class”作后置定语修饰joy，“享受着体育课带来的快乐”翻译为while enjoying the joy brought by PE class。 54. 劳动教育旨在通过实践活动培养学生的团队合作精神，帮助他们认识劳动的重要性。(intend)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Labor Education is intended to cultivate students’ teamwork spirit through practical activities and help them realize the importance of labor. 【解析】 【详解】主语“劳动教育”译为Labor Education，“旨在”译为be intended to do...；“通过实践活动”译为through practical activities；“培养学生的团队合作精神”译为cultivate students’ teamwork spirit；“帮助他们认识劳动的重要性”译为help them realize the importance of labor，“培养……”和“帮助……”前后之间是并列关系，用and连接。本句陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Labor Education，be动词用is。 55. 中国古典文学以其丰富的诗词和小说著称，体现了深厚的文化底蕴和独特的艺术风格。(With…)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 With its abundant poetry and novels, Chinese classical literature is well-known, embodying profound cultural connotations and unique artistic styles. 【解析】 【详解】首先满足题干“With开头”的要求，将“其丰富的诗词和小说”处理为With伴随状语放在句首，its指代后文的中国古典文学，“丰富的诗词和小说”翻译为abundant poetry and novels；主语“中国古典文学”译为固定表达Chinese classical literature；“著称”用固定搭配be well-known；“体现”用动词embody，和前面主语Chinese classical literature是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语；“深厚的文化底蕴”译为profound cultural connotations；“独特的艺术风格”译为unique artistic styles。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Chinese classical literature，谓语用单数。 Ⅴ. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近年来，人工智能（AI）技术快速发展，很多中学都尝试用AI辅助教学（如智能批改作业、个性化学习等），某英文报社就此现象发起讨论，主题为：AI in Education，你对此话题很感兴趣，准备投稿参与讨论，请你以李华的名义给该报社写一封邮件，内容须包括： ● 你对该主题的观点; ● 结合自身经历或所见所闻，论证你的观点。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear editor, I’m writing to share my opinions on AI-assisted teaching in middle schools. Personally, AI is a helpful partner rather than a replacement for teachers. AI brings great convenience to our study. For one thing, it can quickly correct homework and point out my grammar mistakes, saving teachers much time. For another, it offers personalized learning materials. When I struggle with English grammar, AI recommends targeted exercises for me to improve efficiently. However, AI has limits. It cannot comfort us when we feel stressed or explain knowledge flexibly like real teachers. Last month, I failed to understand a reading passage after checking AI’s analysis. My English teacher patiently talked me through the text and cheered me up, which AI could never achieve. In short, we should make good use of AI as a useful tool while valuing teachers’ unique warmth and guidance. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的名义给英文报社写一封邮件，投稿参与主题为：AI in Education的讨论，发表自己的观点并结合自身经历或所见所闻，论证自己的观点。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 独一无二的：unique→unparalleled 替代品：replacement→substitute 提高：improve→enhance 理解：understand→comprehend 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：For another, it offers personalized learning materials. When I struggle with English grammar, AI recommends targeted exercises for me to improve efficiently. 拓展句：For another, it offers personalized learning materials and recommends targeted exercises to help me improve efficiently whenever I struggle with English grammar. 【点睛】【高分句型1】For one thing, it can quickly correct homework and point out my grammar mistakes, saving teachers much time. (运用了现在分词saving作状语) 【高分句型2】My English teacher patiently talked me through the text and cheered me up, which AI could never achieve. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $