精品解析：河南周口市项城市部分校2025-2026学年八年级下学期6月阶段检测英语试题

八年级英语下期学情自测（三） 注意事项 1.本试卷共六大题，满分：120分 考试时间：100分钟 2.答题前务必将姓名、班级填写清楚；听力每题播放两遍，请仔细作答； 3.所有答案写在答题卡对应区域，试卷上作答无效；考试结束只交答题卡。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1. What natural disaster did the girl experience last week? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A flood B. A thunderstorm C. A wildfire 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Did you meet any natural disaster last week? W: Yes, a strong thunderstorm hit our neighborhood, with heavy lightning. 2. Where will the boy put his emergency supplies? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Under his bed. B. In the living room cabinet. C. On the balcony. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I will put my emergency food and water in the living room cabinet for sudden bad weather. W: That’s a proper place, not under the bed or balcony. 3. How does the woman feel about volcanic eruptions? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Scared. B. Curious. C. Uninterested. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Do you feel afraid of volcanic eruptions when learning Unit 10? W: A little scared, they look really powerful and destructive. 4. What does the boy want to borrow from his classmate? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A geography notebook. B. A disaster reference book. C. A weather report. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Could I borrow your disaster reference book? I need it for my English project. W: Sure, here you are. My geography notebook is not suitable for you. 5. When will the school safety lecture start? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At 2:00 p.m. B. At 2:15 p.m. C. At 2:30 p.m. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: When does the school natural safety lecture begin, 2:00 or 2:15? W: It’s put off fifteen minutes later. It will start at 2:30 p.m. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段内容读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答两个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Why did the town suffer from a landslide? A. Heavy continuous rain. B. Tree cutting on hills. C. Strong earthquake. 7. What volunteer work will the two speakers take part in? A. Distributing drinking water. B. Clearing fallen rocks. C. Building temporary shelters. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】M: A landslide happened in the mountain town because of non-stop heavy rain these days. W: Terrible. Many rocks fell down and blocked roads. Shall we join student volunteers? M: Yes, we will help clear fallen rocks on mountain paths instead of distributing water. 听下面一段对话，回答三个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Which instrument does Tom learn after the natural disaster camp? A. The guitar B. The violin C. The drum 9. How long did the sandstorm last last Saturday? A. Two hours B. Three hours C. Four hours 10. What advice does the girl give Tom? A. Wear a mask outdoors B. Stay at home all day C. Collect sandstorm samples 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【原文】W: How was your natural disaster summer camp, Tom? M: Wonderful, I began to learn the drum there. Last Saturday a sandstorm struck our town and lasted three hours. W: You’d better wear a mask whenever you go out on windy days like this. 听下面一段独白，完成五个小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Where did the speaker spend his summer vacation? A. A coastal city B. A mountain village C. A grassland area 12. What natural event happened on the third day? A. A tsunami warning B. A heavy hailstorm C. A mudslide 13. Who taught the villagers self-rescue skills? A. Local firemen B. Tour guides C. Geography teachers 14. What thing was destroyed by the bad weather? A. Fruit trees B. Wooden houses C. Farm crops 15. What lesson did the speaker learn? A. Never travel to mountain areas B. Master basic disaster prevention skills C. Trust weather forecasts completely 【答案】11. B 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【原文】Last summer vacation, I stayed in a mountain village with my family. On the third day, a heavy hailstorm attacked this area. Local firemen taught villagers lots of self-rescue skills. Many fruit trees were broken by hail stones. From this experience, I learned that mastering basic disaster prevention skills is really important for everyone. 第三节 你将听到下面一段短文，根据短文内容完成下面表格，每空一词。短文读两遍。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Natural Disaster Safety Tips Items Details Dangerous weather Heavy ____16____ First preparation Pack a small emergency ____17____ with food and medicine Indoor safety rule Keep away from ____18____, doors and windows Outdoor action Move to high ____19____ when flood comes Final suggestion Take a safety ____20____ course at school 【答案】16. rain 17. kit 18. glass 19. ground 20. training 【解析】 【原文】Now I will introduce some safety tips when heavy rain causes floods. First of all, you should pack a small emergency kit with enough food and common medicine at home. When rain pours heavily, stay indoors and keep far away from glass, doors and windows to avoid being hit by broken pieces. Once flood water rises fast, leave low areas and move to high ground as quickly as possible. The most useful way is to take a safety training course at school to improve your self-protection ability. 二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A How Thunderstorms Shape Our World Thunderstorms are one of the most common forces of nature, yet few people fully understand how they form and influence human life. A thunderstorm begins when warm, wet air rises quickly into the cold upper sky. As the air cools down, water drops gather together to form clouds. Inside the clouds, ice pieces rub against each other and build up electric charges. When the charges become too strong, lightning flashes, and the rapid heating of air around lightning creates thunder. Most thunderstorms only last 30 to 45 minutes, but strong ones can turn into severe storms that bring heavy rain, strong winds and even hail. Every year, thunderstorms cause billions of dollars in damage around the world. They can knock down power lines, flood low-lying streets and damage farm crops. However, thunderstorms are not all bad. The heavy rainfall they bring supplies fresh water to lakes, rivers and farmlands, especially in dry inland areas. Lightning also helps fix nitrogen in the soil, which works as a natural fertilizer for plants. For teenagers, learning thunderstorm safety rules is necessary. If you are outdoors during a thunderstorm, never stand under tall trees or metal fences. Do not swim in open water because water easily carries electricity. When staying indoors, avoid touching wired electronic products like desktop computers and wired telephones. Many students make the mistake of opening windows to watch lightning; strong wind and flying broken things may hurt them. Scientists use weather satellites and radar machines to watch thunderstorms these days. They can send warnings 1 to 3 hours before a bad thunderstorm arrives, giving people time to get ready. As we study forces of nature more deeply, we can reduce harm and make good use of natural events. 21. What is the first step of thunderstorm formation? A. Ice pieces rub inside clouds. B. Warm wet air rises rapidly upwards. C. Lightning produces loud thunder. D. Water drops fall down as rain. 22. What good influence do thunderstorms have? A. They cut down human daily costs. B. They produce natural fertilizer for soil. C. They clear waste water in cities. D. They cool down seawater in summer. 23. Which action is safe during a thunderstorm? A. Standing under a big oak tree. B. Making calls with a wireless mobile phone indoors. C. Swimming in the community outdoor pool. D. Standing beside open bedroom windows. 24. How do scientists predict thunderstorms in advance? A. By watching cloud changes with telescopes. B. By checking daily temperature records. C. By using satellites and radar equipment. D. By collecting reports from local villagers. 25. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The formation, effects and safety knowledge of thunderstorms. B. Different kinds of natural disasters and their damage. C. Ways for scientists to study all forces of nature. D. Daily bad weather and its influence on students. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述雷暴的形成过程、利弊影响、雷雨安全注意事项以及科学家监测预警雷暴的方式。 【21题详解】 原文第一段：A thunderstorm begins when warm, wet air rises quickly into the cold upper sky. 句中begins对应the first step，说明雷暴形成的第一步是温暖潮湿的空气快速上升。 【22题详解】 原文第二段：Lightning also helps fix nitrogen in the soil, which works as a natural fertilizer for plants. 这句话表明闪电可为土壤制造天然肥料，是雷暴带来的益处。答案选B。 【23题详解】 原文第三段：户外不能站树下、不能露天游泳；室内不要触碰有线电器、不要开窗看闪电。无线手机不连接有线线路，在室内使用是安全行为。答案选B。 【24题详解】 原文第四段：Scientists use weather satellites and radar machines to watch thunderstorms these days. 说明科学家依靠卫星和雷达设备提前监测、预判雷暴。答案选C。 【25题详解】 文章依次介绍雷暴形成、雷暴的好坏影响、雷雨安全准则、科学家监测雷暴，整体围绕雷暴的形成、影响与安全知识展开。答案选A。 B Volunteer Work After a Landslide Last month, a heavy week-long rainfall caused a landslide in Green Hills Village, a small mountain village two hours away from our city. Rocks and mud rushed down the hillside, blocking the main road, burying several farm fields and damaging twelve wooden houses. Our school organized a volunteer team of thirty Grade Eight students to offer help last weekend. Before setting off, our geography teacher gave us a 90-minute training course. He taught us how to move small fallen stones safely without getting hit by rolling rocks, how to pack clean drinking water and instant food for homeless villagers, and basic first-aid skills for minor cuts and bruises. He stressed that we must follow adult volunteers’ orders strictly and never walk alone on the slippery hillside. When we arrived at the village, we divided ourselves into three groups. Group One cleared small stones and branches on the temporary walking path to make it passable for rescue vehicles. My group, Group Two, visited homeless families staying in community tents. We handed out blankets, disinfectant wipes and kids’ stationery. I talked with an old grandma whose vegetable garden was completely buried. She did not complain too much; she said she was thankful that no one in her family was injured. Group Three worked with firemen to check hidden risks of secondary landslides after rainfall. We worked from 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. with only a one-hour lunch break. We felt tired with sore arms and legs when we returned home, but none of us regretted the activity. This volunteer experience taught me two important lessons. First, forces of nature can destroy people’s living environments quickly, so disaster prevention education is vital for every community. Second, small efforts from teenagers can bring warmth and practical help to people in trouble. Next month, our school will set up a long-term disaster volunteer club, and I plan to sign up right away. 26. What directly led to the landslide in Green Hills Village? A. A powerful earthquake. B. Non-stop heavy rain for seven days. C. Excessive tree cutting on mountains. D. Sudden melting mountain snow. 27. What did students learn in the pre-volunteer training? A. How to rebuild damaged wooden houses. B. Professional medical treatment for serious wounds. C. Safe rock clearing and simple first-aid knowledge. D. How to drive rescue transport vehicles. 28. What was the duty of Group Two? A. Clearing the blocked main highway of the village. B. Distributing supplies to villagers living in tents. C. Checking potential secondary geological disasters. D. Planting new trees on the bare hillside. 29. What can we learn about the old grandma? A. She lost all her family members in the landslide. B. She was grateful that her family stayed safe and sound. C. She refused the supplies offered by student volunteers. D. She planned to move away from the mountain village forever. 30. Why does the writer want to join the school volunteer club? A. To earn extra scores for geography courses. B. To gain more experience in disaster volunteer service. C. To take free professional driving lessons from firemen. D. To rebuild the buried vegetable gardens for villagers. 【答案】26. B 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者所在学校组织八年级学生志愿者团队，在山体滑坡灾害后前往绿山村进行援助的经历。文章介绍了灾害成因、志愿者培训内容、分组任务以及作者的感悟和未来计划。 【26题详解】 根据第一段第一句“Last month, a heavy week-long rainfall caused a landslide in Green Hills Village...”可知，持续一周的强降雨直接导致了山体滑坡。选项B与文中“heavy week-long rainfall”意思一致。 【27题详解】 根据第二段第二句“He taught us how to move small fallen stones safely... and basic first-aid skills for minor cuts and bruises.”可知，学生在培训中学习了如何安全移动落石以及基本的急救技能。选项C“安全清理落石以及基础急救知识”符合文意。 【28题详解】 根据第三段第三、四句“My group, Group Two, visited homeless families staying in community tents. We handed out blankets, disinfectant wipes and kids'stationery.”可知，第二组的任务是探访住在帐篷里的无家可归者并分发物资。选项B“分发供给给住在帐篷里的村民”与此相符。 【29题详解】 根据第三段最后一句“She did not complain too much; she said she was thankful that no one in her family was injured.”可知，老奶奶虽然菜园被埋，但很感激家人没有受伤。选项B“她很感激她的家人安全无事”符合文意。 【30题详解】 根据最后一段作者提到的感悟“small efforts from teenagers can bring warmth and practical help to people in trouble”以及计划“Next month, our school will set up a long-term disaster volunteer club, and I plan to sign up right away.”可知，作者认识到志愿服务的意义，希望继续参与灾害志愿服务。选项B“为了收获更多的在灾难中志愿服务的经验”最符合作者加入俱乐部的初衷。 C The Value of Emergency Survival Kits When learning Unit 9 Forces of Nature, our English teacher asked each student to prepare a personal emergency survival kit and share it in class. Most students only put snacks and bottled water in their bags at first, but after watching disaster rescue videos, we realized what real emergency supplies should include. A standard emergency kit is designed for sudden natural disasters such as floods, sandstorms, volcanic ash falls and earthquakes. It should support one person’s basic needs for at least 72 hours, because professional rescue teams usually take three days to reach remote disaster areas. First, drinking water and high-energy food like nuts, dried beef and energy bars are necessary. Canned food needs a can opener, which many people easily forget to prepare. Second, medical items are essential: bandages, antiseptic liquid, painkillers and medicine for personal chronic illnesses. Besides food and medicine, tools and communication equipment cannot be ignored. A hand-cranked flashlight works without batteries, which is much more reliable than common electric torches that run out of power quickly. A loud emergency whistle can help rescuers find your position when you are trapped under ruins. A waterproof notebook and pencil allow you to write down important information such as family phone numbers and personal medical history. Some students added disposable raincoats and thick gloves to protect themselves from sharp broken objects and bad weather. Some classmates argued that emergency kits were useless because natural disasters rarely happen in our city. However, our teacher explained that preparation does not mean waiting for disasters, but learning self-rescue ability. Last winter, a heavy snowstorm blocked city roads for two days; families with emergency supplies lived much more comfortably than those without. Preparing survival kits helps us respect the power of nature and stay calm in unexpected dangerous situations. 31. What was students’ initial mistake when preparing kits? A. They made the kits too heavy to carry outdoors. B. They only filled kits with food and drinking water simply. C. They put too much expensive electronic equipment inside. D. They copied other classmates’ kit contents completely. 32. Why should emergency kits support 72-hour survival? A. National law sets this standard for middle school students. B. Most natural disasters last exactly three days on average. C. Rescuers may spend three days arriving at remote disaster zones. D. Human bodies can only survive three days without fresh supplies. 33. Which tool is the best choice for power-free lighting? A. Battery-powered flashlights. B. Hand-cranked flashlights. C. Mobile phone screen lights. D. Candle lamps with open fire. 34. What is the teacher’s opinion on emergency kits? A. They are totally unnecessary for cities with few disasters. B. They train students’ self-rescue skills against natural disasters. C. They should only be prepared by families living in mountain areas. D. Students must take their kits with them every school day. 35. What type of writing is this passage? A. A class activity report. B. A science fiction story. C. A travel journal. D. A product advertisement. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述英语老师布置准备个人应急求生包的课堂任务，介绍标准应急包所需物品，同时说明了准备应急包能够锻炼学生自救能力的道理。 【31题详解】 根据第一段第二句“Most students only put snacks and bottled water in their bags at first”可知，学生们起初只在包里放了零食和瓶装水，准备过于简单。 【32题详解】 根据第二段第二句“...because professional rescue teams usually take three days to reach remote disaster areas”可知，专业救援队通常需要三天才能到达偏远灾区，因此应急包需支持72小时生存。 【33题详解】 根据第三段第三句“A hand-cranked flashlight works without batteries, which is much more reliable...”可知，手摇手电筒不需要电池，是无电源照明的最佳选择。 【34题详解】 根据第四段第二句“However, our teacher explained that preparation does not mean waiting for disasters, but learning self-rescue ability”可知，老师认为准备应急包是为了学习战胜自然灾害的自救能力。 【35题详解】 文章开头提到“When learning Unit 9... our English teacher asked each student...”，全文围绕班级准备应急包的活动展开，记录了过程、内容及老师的评价，属于班级活动报告。 D From Fear to Understanding: Studying Volcanic Activity Volcanic eruptions are one of the most shocking forces of nature. For centuries, human beings feared volcanoes because sudden eruptions could bury towns under lava and volcanic ash, destroy farmland and pollute air for hundreds of kilometers. With the development of geological science, scientists no longer only fear volcanoes but study them carefully to discover their hidden value. Volcanoes form when high-temperature magma under the earth’s crust breaks through weak rock layers on the surface. Active volcanoes may erupt at any time, while dormant volcanoes have not erupted for hundreds of years but still have potential risks, and extinct volcanoes will never erupt again. Geologists use temperature sensors, gas detectors and ground vibration monitors to track active volcanoes. They can forecast possible eruptions weeks or even months ahead, giving local residents enough time to evacuate safely. Though volcanic eruptions bring short-term destruction, they create long-term natural advantages. Volcanic rock weathers into extremely fertile soil rich in minerals. Many famous agricultural regions around the world are built on volcanic soil, producing high-quality fruits, grapes and grains. Volcanic hot springs carry dissolved minerals, which are good for human skin and physical relaxation. In Iceland, people even use volcanic geothermal heat to warm houses and generate clean electricity, greatly reducing fossil fuel consumption. In our Unit 11 project task, we were divided into groups to make posters about volcanoes. My group focused on volcanic disaster prevention measures, including staying away from low-lying lava flow areas, covering mouths and noses with wet cloth against ash smoke, and following official evacuation routes instead of running blindly. This project changed my old view: nature’s powerful forces are not just enemies of humans. If we learn scientific knowledge, observe natural rules and make reasonable preparations, we can live in harmony with volcanoes and other natural phenomena. 36. Why did ancient people fear volcanic eruptions? A. Volcanoes produced terrible loud noises continuously. B. Eruptions would destroy living areas and pollute wide areas. C. Volcanic magma could change local climate permanently. D. No plant could grow on land affected by volcanoes forever. 37. What equipment do scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions? A. Weather balloons and rainfall gauges. B. Ground vibration monitors and gas detectors. C. Telescope cameras and seawater testers. D. Wind speed meters and soil moisture sensors. 38. What benefit does volcanic soil bring? A. It can stop flood water from spreading. B. It is highly fertile for crop planting. C. It can be made into building bricks directly. D. It absorbs harmful gases in the air. 39. Which safety measure is correct during a volcanic eruption? A. Run down to low valleys to avoid volcanic ash. B. Breathe fresh air without any covering on the face. C. Leave dangerous areas along official evacuation paths. D. Stay at home and watch lava flows through open windows. 40. What is the theme of the passage? A. The formation, influence and human coping methods of volcanoes. B. Different types of natural geological disasters on Earth. C. How students finish English project posters at school. D. Clean energy developed from all natural forces. 【答案】36. B 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火山的形成原理、带来的影响以及人类如何科学监测和应对火山活动。 【36题详解】 根据第一段“For centuries, human beings feared volcanoes because sudden eruptions could bury towns under lava and volcanic ash, destroy farmland and pollute air for hundreds of kilometers.”可知，火山爆发会掩埋城镇、破坏农田并污染方圆数百公里范围内的空气，即破坏生存区域并污染广泛区域。 【37题详解】 根据第二段“Geologists use temperature sensors, gas detectors and ground vibration monitors to track active volcanoes.”可知，地质学家使用温度传感器、气体探测器和地面振动监测器。 【38题详解】 根据第三段“Volcanic rock weathers into extremely fertile soil rich in minerals. Many famous agricultural regions around the world are built on volcanic soil, producing high-quality fruits, grapes and grains.”可知，火山岩风化成的土壤极其肥沃，富含矿物质，适合农作物种植。 【39题详解】 根据第四段“...following official evacuation routes instead of running blindly.”可知，应遵循官方疏散路线而不是盲目奔跑。 【40题详解】 文章第一段引出火山话题，第二段介绍火山形成及监测设备，第三段介绍火山的益处，第四段介绍应对措施及总结。“火山的形成、影响及人类应对方法”涵盖了全文主要内容。 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Last month, our city experienced a strong sandstorm, which made me realize the great power of natural forces. Before that day, I only learned about sandstorms in Unit 9 textbooks and thought they were far away from my daily life. Early in the morning, the sky turned dark yellow suddenly. Strong winds ____41____ street trees and blew plastic bags everywhere. My mother quickly closed all doors and windows, and covered window gaps with wet towels to stop sand from ____42____ indoors. My father took out our family emergency kit, which we had prepared after the school safety lecture. Inside there were bottled water, high-energy biscuits, bandages and a hand-cranked flashlight ____43____ batteries. At school, teachers canceled outdoor PE class and organized us to review sandstorm self-rescue knowledge. Our geography teacher told us that sandstorms mainly form because of long-time drought and serious soil erosion. Human activities such as overgrazing and blind tree cutting ____44____ this natural disaster to worsen. Many students took notes carefully, because we understood that knowing prevention skills was much more ____45____ than only reading textbook sentences. In the afternoon, the sandstorm weakened slowly. We walked home with masks covering our noses and mouths. On the way, we saw street cleaners working hard to ____46____ sand piles on roads. Some community volunteers helped the elderly clean sand from their balconies. I joined them without hesitation, and my desk mate ____47____ me together. We spent one hour sweeping the sidewalk, tired but satisfied. This unusual experience changed my attitude toward forces of nature. I used to think natural disasters were just exam topics, but now I know they can directly influence public safety. Our class decided to start a small environmental project: we would make leaflets about ____48____ sandstorm risks and hand them out in the community on weekends. We also planned to plant saplings on the hills on the city edge to ____49____ soil and reduce wind damage. Teachers told us teenagers could not stop natural disasters alone, but we could do small things to lower risks. Saving water, protecting green plants and learning disaster skills are simple actions, yet they make a big ____50____. From Unit 9 to Unit 11, every lesson about nature teaches us to respect natural rules, instead of trying to control powerful natural forces blindly. Several weeks later, we held a class speech contest about natural disaster prevention. I wrote my speech based on the sandstorm experience and won the third prize. When standing on the platform, I told classmates that understanding nature is the best way to ____51____ ourselves. Many students said they would prepare personal emergency kits and take part in environmental volunteer activities. Life always brings unexpected natural challenges. Textbook knowledge builds our theoretical foundation, while real-life experiences ____52____ our practical abilities. We should not wait for disasters to arrive before making preparations. Instead, we should take action ____53____ so that we can keep safe when thunderstorms, floods or sandstorms come. Finally, I keep my mask and emergency whistle in my schoolbag every day as a ____54____. It reminds me never to ignore the power of nature and always stay ready. Studying Units 9—11 not only improves my English grades, but also shapes my safety awareness, which is the most ____55____ lesson I have learned this term. 41. A. pulled down B. put down C. cut down D. turned down 42. A. blowing B. entering C. falling D. pouring 43. A. with B. for C. without D. over 44. A. help B. make C. let D. cause 45. A. boring B. valuable C. difficult D. strange 46. A. clear B. build C. move D. cover 47. A. stopped B. followed C. refused D. doubted 48. A. increasing B. avoiding C. judging D. spreading 49. A. loosen B. dig C. fix D. carry 50. A. mistake B. promise C. difference D. decision 51. A. protect B. introduce C. enjoy D. improve 52. A. check B. develop C. waste D. test 53. A. in time B. at last C. once again D. from time to time 54. A. toy B. gift C. reminder D. treasure 55. A. traditional B. basic C. common D. valuable 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过亲身经历一场强沙尘暴，从最初认为自然灾害离自己很远，到后来认识到自然力量的强大和预防的重要性。文章描述了沙尘暴发生时的场景、学校的应对措施、作者参与社区志愿服务的经历，以及由此引发的对环境保护和安全意识的深刻反思。 【41题详解】 句意：强风刮倒了街边的树木，把塑料袋吹得到处都是。 根据后文“blew plastic bags everywhere”可知，风力很大，对树木造成了破坏。“pull down”意为“拉倒、拆毁”，符合强风将树刮倒的语境，“put down”意为“放下”，不符合语境。“cut down”意为“砍倒”，通常指人为动作，“turn down”意为“拒绝、调低”，均不符合语境。 【42题详解】 句意：我的母亲迅速关好所有门窗，并用湿毛巾堵住窗户缝隙，以防止沙子进入室内。 根据前文“covered window gaps with wet towels”可知，目的是阻止沙子从缝隙中进来，“entering”意为“进入”，符合语境。“blowing”意为“吹”，“falling”意为“落下”，“pouring”意为“倾倒”均不符合语境。 【43题详解】 句意：里面有瓶装水、高能饼干、绷带和一个不需要电池的手摇手电筒。 根据常识及“hand-cranked”可知，这种手电筒的特点是不需要电池，“without”意为“没有、无需”，符合语境。“with”意为“带有”，“for”意为“为了”，“over”意为“在……上方”不符合语境。 【44题详解】 句意：人类活动如过度放牧和盲目砍伐树木会加剧这种自然灾害。 “this natural disaster to worsen”提示上文提到的人类活动会造成这种自然灾害加剧，“cause sth. to do sth.”意为“导致某事发生/使某物做某事”，符合语境中人类活动导致灾害恶化的逻辑。“help”意为“帮助”；“make”后接不带to的不定式（make sb. do sth.），结构不符；“let”后也接不带to的不定式。 【45题详解】 句意：许多学生认真做笔记，因为我们明白了解预防技能比只读课本句子更有价值。 前文提到老师们讲解成因，学生们认真记录，说明他们认识到这些知识的重要性，“valuable”意为“有价值的、宝贵的”，符合语境；“boring”意为“无聊的”，“difficult”意为“困难的”，“strange”意为“奇怪的”，均不符合语境。 【46题详解】 句意：在路上，我们看到环卫工人在努力清理道路上的沙堆。 “street cleaners working hard”和“sand piles on roads”表明是清除沙堆，应用clear。build“建造”、move“移动”、cover“覆盖”均不符合逻辑。 【47题详解】 句意：我毫不犹豫地加入了他们，我的同桌也跟着我一起。 前文说“I joined them”，同桌也跟随加入，应用followed。“stopped”意为“停止”，“refused”意为“拒绝”，“doubted”意为“怀疑”，均不符合语境。 【48题详解】 句意：我们将制作关于避免沙尘暴风险的宣传单，并在周末在社区分发。 “sandstorm risks and hand them out in the community on weekends.”提示是制作关于避免沙尘暴风险的宣传单，应用avoiding“避免”。increasing“增加”、judging“判断”、spreading“传播”均不符合语境。 【49题详解】 句意：我们还计划在城市边缘的山坡上种植树苗以固定土壤并减少风害。 “plant saplings on the hills”提示种树的目的是固定土壤防止风蚀，应用fix“固定”。loosen“松开”、dig“挖”、carry“搬运”均不符合语境。 【50题详解】 句意：节节约用水、保护绿色植物和学习灾害技能是简单的行动，但它们能产生巨大的影响。 “Saving water, protecting green plants and learning disaster skills”这些行动能产生影响，“make a big difference”是固定搭配，意为“产生巨大影响、起重要作用”，符合语境。mistake“错误”、promise“承诺”、decision“决定”均不符合搭配。 【51题详解】 句意：当我站在讲台上时，我告诉同学们，了解自然是保护我们自己的最好方式。 防灾的最终目的是保护自己，应用protect“保护”。introduce“介绍”、enjoy“享受”、improve“改善”均不符合语境。 【52题详解】 句意：教科书知识构建了我们的理论基础，而现实生活经验培养了我们的实践能力。 此处与“builds theoretical foundation”对应，生活经验对实践能力的作用是“培养、发展”，“develop”意为“发展、培养”，符合语境。check“检查”、waste“浪费”、test“测试”均不符合逻辑。 【53题详解】 句意：相反，我们应该及时采取行动，以便在暴风雨、洪水或沙尘暴来临时保持安全。 “we should take action”提示为了在灾害来临时能保持安全，需要及时行动，应用in time“及时”。at last“最终”、once again“再一次”、from time to time“偶尔”均不符合语境。 【54题详解】 句意：最后，我每天把口罩和应急哨子放在书包里作为一个提醒。 “It reminds me never to ignore the power of nature”表明这是一个提醒物，应用reminder。toy“玩具”、gift“礼物”、treasure“珍宝”均不符合语境。 【55题详解】 句意：学习第9至11单元不仅提高了我的英语成绩，还塑造了我的安全意识，这是我本学期学到的最有价值的一课。 全文强调防灾意识的重要性，说明这是最有价值的一课，应用valuable“珍贵的，有价值的”。traditional“传统的”、basic“基本的”、common“普通的”均不符合语境。 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 word, safe, sudden, heavy, they, hide, warn, equip, nature, use Flood Prevention Tips for Students Floods are common ____56____ disasters in low-lying cities. Our school has released a set of tips to keep students ____57____ when flood water rises ____58____. First, listen to official weather ____59____ through mobile phones or school broadcasts. Do not believe false ____60____ from online unknown sources. Second, prepare basic emergency ____61____ such as waterproof bags and high-heeled rain boots. Keep important personal documents in sealed plastic bags to prevent ____62____ from getting wet. When flood water enters buildings, move quickly to higher floors and never ____63____ in basements or ground-floor rooms. Avoid walking through ____64____ flooded streets, because underground damaged manhole covers are extremely dangerous. After the flood passes, do not drink unboiled tap water; ____65____ boiled water only to stop infectious diseases. 【答案】56. natural 57. safe 58. suddenly 59. warnings 60. words 61. equipment 62. them 63. hide 64. heavily 65. use 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了面向学生的防汛小贴士，从提前接收预警、准备应急物资、洪水发生时避险、洪水过后饮水规范几个方面给出建议，帮助学生在洪涝灾害里做好防护、规避风险。 【56题详解】 句意：洪水在低洼城市是常见的自然灾害。空格修饰名词disasters，需用形容词，给出的nature应变为形容词natural“自然的”，natural disasters是固定搭配意为“自然灾害”。 【57题详解】 句意：当洪水水位突然上涨时，我校发布了一套小贴士来保障学生安全。“keep sb. + 形容词”是固定结构，表示“使某人保持某种状态”，用形容词safe“安全的”，构成keep students safe“保障学生安全”。 【58题详解】 句意：当洪水水位突然上涨时，我校发布了一套小贴士来保障学生安全。空格修饰动词rises，需用副词，sudden变为副词suddenly“突然地”，用来描述水位上涨的状态。 【59题详解】 句意：首先，通过手机或校园广播收听官方气象预警。weather warnings是固定搭配“气象预警”，warn变为名词复数warnings，表示多条预警信息。 【60题详解】 句意：不要轻信网络不明来源的虚假言论。false words表示“不实言论”，word变为复数words，泛指各类不实消息。 【61题详解】 句意：第二，准备基础应急装备，比如防水包和高跟雨靴。emergency equipment是固定搭配“应急装备”，equip变为不可数名词equipment。 【62题详解】 句意：把重要个人文件放进密封塑料袋，防止它们被打湿。prevent后接宾格代词指代前面的documents，主格they变为宾格them。 【63题详解】 句意：洪水涌入建筑时，快速转移到高层，绝不要躲藏在地下室或一楼房间。and前后是并列祈使句，应用动词原形hide“躲藏”。 【64题详解】 句意：避免徒步穿过积水严重的街道，因为地下破损的井盖存在极大安全隐患。此处修饰形容词flooded，需用副词形式。heavy的副词为heavily意为“严重地”。 【65题详解】 句意：洪水退去后，不要喝未煮沸的自来水，只使用煮沸过的水来预防传染病。分号后为祈使句，表示建议，动词用原形use“使用”给出饮水规范指令。 第二节 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Volcanic ash falls will influence daily life greatly. When ash floats in the air, we need ____66____ (wear) wet masks outdoors. It is necessary ____67____ (close) air-conditioners to stop ash from entering rooms. Farmers must cover vegetable fields with cloth ____68____ (protect) crops. Scientists keep monitoring volcanic activities and send early warnings to reduce ____69____ (lose). Learning these skills helps us deal with powerful ____70____ (force) of nature properly. 【答案】66. to wear 67. to close 68. to protect 69. losses 70. forces 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述火山灰降落会严重影响日常生活，并分别介绍人们、农民、科学家应对火山灰灾害的各类防护措施，同时说明掌握相关应对技巧能够妥善应对大自然带来的强大灾害。 【66题详解】 句意：当火山灰漂浮在空中时，我们在户外需要戴上湿口罩。固定搭配need to do sth. 需要做某事，后跟动词不定式，故填to wear。 【67题详解】 句意：关掉空调防止火山灰进入室内是很有必要的。固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.，it 作形式主语，真正主语用不定式，故填to close。 【68题详解】 句意：农民必须用布盖住菜地来保护农作物。不定式作目的状语，盖布的目的是保护庄稼，故用不定式to protect。 【69题详解】 句意：科学家持续监测火山活动并发布预警以减少损失。reduce是动词，后接名词作宾语；loss表示各类经济、作物损失时常用复数losses。 【70题详解】 句意：掌握这些方法能帮助我们妥善应对强大的自然力量。 固定短语forces of nature大自然的力量，force表多种力量时用复数形式。 五、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，从五个选项中选出最佳句子补全对话，有一个多余选项。 Tom: Hi, Lisa. ____71____ Lisa: Sure, I made a poster about volcanic eruption safety rules. Tom: That sounds great. I am stuck on making my emergency survival kit homework. ____72____ Lisa: We need drinking water, high-energy food, first-aid medicine and a hand flashlight. Tom: ____73____ Lisa: Because sudden floods or thunderstorms may cut off power and traffic, rescuers cannot arrive right away. Tom: I still feel unclear about some self-rescue steps. Lisa: ____74____ They will show standard operations for natural disasters. Tom: Good idea. What’s your plan after finishing this unit? Lisa: ____75____ I want to practice real disaster assistance skills. Tom: Can I sign up with you? Lisa: Of course! A. What should we put in the emergency kit? B. Did you finish the Unit 11 project about volcanoes? C. I plan to join the school disaster prevention volunteer group. D. Why do we need to prepare emergency supplies? E. We can watch professional rescue videos together this weekend. F. Volcanic ash will hurt our breathing system without masks. 【答案】71. B 72. A 73. D 74. E 75. C 【解析】 【导语】本对话主要讲述了Tom和Lisa围绕火山主题作业、应急求生装备、应急物资准备原因、自救学习方式以及课后志愿计划展开的校园交流对话。 【71题详解】 根据下文Lisa的回答“Sure, I made a poster about volcanic eruption safety rules.”可知，Tom询问的是否完成了关于火山的项目。选项B“你完成关于火山的第 11 单元项目了吗？”符合语境。 【72题详解】 根据下文Lisa的回答“We need drinking water, high-energy food...”列举了物品清单可知，Tom询问的是急救包里应该放什么。选项A“我们应该在急救包里放什么？”符合语境。 【73题详解】 根据下文Lisa的回答以“Because”开头，解释了需要准备物资的原因，可知Tom询问的是原因。选项D“我们为什么需要准备应急物资？”符合语境。 【74题详解】 根据上文Tom说对自救步骤不清楚，以及下文Lisa说“They will show standard operations...”，可知Lisa建议看某种展示操作的材料。选项E“这个周末我们可以一起看专业救援视频。”中“videos”与下文“They”对应，且符合学习自救步骤的情境。 【75题详解】 根据上文Tom问“What’s your plan after finishing this unit?”可知，Lisa应回答具体的计划。选项C“我计划加入学校防灾志愿者小组。”与下文“我想练习真实的灾难援助技能”逻辑连贯。 六、书面表达（共20分） 76. 假定你是八年级学生李华，你们学校英文公众号正在开展主题征文活动，题目为What I Learn from Natural Forces。请你根据要点提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 要点： 1.学习内容：雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量，掌握基础自救常识； 2.个人经历：上周班级模拟暴雨疏散演练的过程与感受； 3.个人感悟：敬畏自然，做好应急准备，青少年学习防灾知识的意义。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确； 3.不得出现真实校名、人名，紧扣单元话题原创写作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 What I Learn from Natural Forces In Units 9 to 11, I have learned various powerful natural forces such as thunderstorms, floods and volcanic activities, and mastered basic self-rescue knowledge against terrible disasters. Last week, our class held a heavy rain evacuation drill. We followed teachers’ clear orders, moved to higher floors orderly and practiced hiding away from windows. I felt nervous at first but calmed down after knowing standard safety steps. From these studies, I realize we must respect nature deeply. Teenagers should learn disaster prevention skills and prepare emergency kits. The knowledge can protect us when dangerous natural events happen around us. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：征文，一般现在时（介绍所学知识）、一般过去时（讲述演练经历） 明确要点：1. 学习雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量与自救常识；2. 上周暴雨疏散演练过程与个人感受；3. 敬畏自然、做好应急准备、青少年学习防灾知识的意义 确定人称：第一人称 (I/we/my) 注意事项：不得出现真实校名、人名，词数控制100词左右，紧扣自然灾害单元话题原创写作 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：点明课堂所学，介绍各类自然力量与基础自救知识 主体段：记叙上周班级暴雨疏散演练完整过程，写出自身前后心情变化 结尾段：抒发感悟，阐述敬畏自然、常备应急物资、青少年学习防灾知识的重要意义 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：学习各类自然力量与自救常识 自然力量：thunderstorms/floods/volcanic activities/typhoon/earthquake/mudslide等 自救知识：basic self-rescue knowledge/disaster prevention skills/safety rules等 学习途径：learn from textbooks/study in class/take safety lessons/watch disaster videos等 学习收获：master useful skills/know how to escape danger/keep safe in disasters等 要点二：暴雨疏散演练经历 演练名称：heavy rain evacuation drill/flood escape practice等 演练过程：follow teachers’ orders/move to higher floors orderly/hide away from windows/line up quietly/avoid low-lying areas/stay away from glass等 内心感受：felt nervous at first/calmed down/worried at the beginning/felt safe after practice等 要点三：个人感悟与防灾意义 对待自然：respect nature deeply/be in awe of natural power等 应急准备：prepare emergency kits/store food and water/make safety plans等 青少年意义：protect ourselves when disasters happen/help family stay safe/pass on safety knowledge等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级英语下期学情自测（三） 注意事项 1.本试卷共六大题，满分：120分 考试时间：100分钟 2.答题前务必将姓名、班级填写清楚；听力每题播放两遍，请仔细作答； 3.所有答案写在答题卡对应区域，试卷上作答无效；考试结束只交答题卡。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1. What natural disaster did the girl experience last week? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A flood B. A thunderstorm C. A wildfire 2. Where will the boy put his emergency supplies? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Under his bed. B. In the living room cabinet. C. On the balcony. 3. How does the woman feel about volcanic eruptions? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Scared. B. Curious. C. Uninterested. 4. What does the boy want to borrow from his classmate? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A geography notebook. B. A disaster reference book. C. A weather report. 5. When will the school safety lecture start? 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At 2:00 p.m. B. At 2:15 p.m. C. At 2:30 p.m. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段内容读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答两个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Why did the town suffer from a landslide? A. Heavy continuous rain. B. Tree cutting on hills. C. Strong earthquake. 7. What volunteer work will the two speakers take part in? A. Distributing drinking water. B. Clearing fallen rocks. C. Building temporary shelters. 听下面一段对话，回答三个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Which instrument does Tom learn after the natural disaster camp? A. The guitar B. The violin C. The drum 9. How long did the sandstorm last last Saturday? A. Two hours B. Three hours C. Four hours 10. What advice does the girl give Tom? A. Wear a mask outdoors B. Stay at home all day C. Collect sandstorm samples 听下面一段独白，完成五个小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Where did the speaker spend his summer vacation? A. A coastal city B. A mountain village C. A grassland area 12. What natural event happened on the third day? A. A tsunami warning B. A heavy hailstorm C. A mudslide 13. Who taught the villagers self-rescue skills? A. Local firemen B. Tour guides C. Geography teachers 14. What thing was destroyed by the bad weather? A. Fruit trees B. Wooden houses C. Farm crops 15. What lesson did the speaker learn? A. Never travel to mountain areas B. Master basic disaster prevention skills C. Trust weather forecasts completely 第三节 你将听到下面一段短文，根据短文内容完成下面表格，每空一词。短文读两遍。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Natural Disaster Safety Tips Items Details Dangerous weather Heavy ____16____ First preparation Pack a small emergency ____17____ with food and medicine Indoor safety rule Keep away from ____18____, doors and windows Outdoor action Move to high ____19____ when flood comes Final suggestion Take a safety ____20____ course at school 二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A How Thunderstorms Shape Our World Thunderstorms are one of the most common forces of nature, yet few people fully understand how they form and influence human life. A thunderstorm begins when warm, wet air rises quickly into the cold upper sky. As the air cools down, water drops gather together to form clouds. Inside the clouds, ice pieces rub against each other and build up electric charges. When the charges become too strong, lightning flashes, and the rapid heating of air around lightning creates thunder. Most thunderstorms only last 30 to 45 minutes, but strong ones can turn into severe storms that bring heavy rain, strong winds and even hail. Every year, thunderstorms cause billions of dollars in damage around the world. They can knock down power lines, flood low-lying streets and damage farm crops. However, thunderstorms are not all bad. The heavy rainfall they bring supplies fresh water to lakes, rivers and farmlands, especially in dry inland areas. Lightning also helps fix nitrogen in the soil, which works as a natural fertilizer for plants. For teenagers, learning thunderstorm safety rules is necessary. If you are outdoors during a thunderstorm, never stand under tall trees or metal fences. Do not swim in open water because water easily carries electricity. When staying indoors, avoid touching wired electronic products like desktop computers and wired telephones. Many students make the mistake of opening windows to watch lightning; strong wind and flying broken things may hurt them. Scientists use weather satellites and radar machines to watch thunderstorms these days. They can send warnings 1 to 3 hours before a bad thunderstorm arrives, giving people time to get ready. As we study forces of nature more deeply, we can reduce harm and make good use of natural events. 21. What is the first step of thunderstorm formation? A. Ice pieces rub inside clouds. B. Warm wet air rises rapidly upwards. C. Lightning produces loud thunder. D. Water drops fall down as rain. 22. What good influence do thunderstorms have? A. They cut down human daily costs. B. They produce natural fertilizer for soil. C. They clear waste water in cities. D. They cool down seawater in summer. 23. Which action is safe during a thunderstorm? A. Standing under a big oak tree. B. Making calls with a wireless mobile phone indoors. C. Swimming in the community outdoor pool. D. Standing beside open bedroom windows. 24. How do scientists predict thunderstorms in advance? A. By watching cloud changes with telescopes. B. By checking daily temperature records. C. By using satellites and radar equipment. D. By collecting reports from local villagers. 25. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The formation, effects and safety knowledge of thunderstorms. B. Different kinds of natural disasters and their damage. C. Ways for scientists to study all forces of nature. D. Daily bad weather and its influence on students. B Volunteer Work After a Landslide Last month, a heavy week-long rainfall caused a landslide in Green Hills Village, a small mountain village two hours away from our city. Rocks and mud rushed down the hillside, blocking the main road, burying several farm fields and damaging twelve wooden houses. Our school organized a volunteer team of thirty Grade Eight students to offer help last weekend. Before setting off, our geography teacher gave us a 90-minute training course. He taught us how to move small fallen stones safely without getting hit by rolling rocks, how to pack clean drinking water and instant food for homeless villagers, and basic first-aid skills for minor cuts and bruises. He stressed that we must follow adult volunteers’ orders strictly and never walk alone on the slippery hillside. When we arrived at the village, we divided ourselves into three groups. Group One cleared small stones and branches on the temporary walking path to make it passable for rescue vehicles. My group, Group Two, visited homeless families staying in community tents. We handed out blankets, disinfectant wipes and kids’ stationery. I talked with an old grandma whose vegetable garden was completely buried. She did not complain too much; she said she was thankful that no one in her family was injured. Group Three worked with firemen to check hidden risks of secondary landslides after rainfall. We worked from 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. with only a one-hour lunch break. We felt tired with sore arms and legs when we returned home, but none of us regretted the activity. This volunteer experience taught me two important lessons. First, forces of nature can destroy people’s living environments quickly, so disaster prevention education is vital for every community. Second, small efforts from teenagers can bring warmth and practical help to people in trouble. Next month, our school will set up a long-term disaster volunteer club, and I plan to sign up right away. 26. What directly led to the landslide in Green Hills Village? A. A powerful earthquake. B. Non-stop heavy rain for seven days. C. Excessive tree cutting on mountains. D. Sudden melting mountain snow. 27. What did students learn in the pre-volunteer training? A. How to rebuild damaged wooden houses. B. Professional medical treatment for serious wounds. C. Safe rock clearing and simple first-aid knowledge. D. How to drive rescue transport vehicles. 28. What was the duty of Group Two? A. Clearing the blocked main highway of the village. B. Distributing supplies to villagers living in tents. C. Checking potential secondary geological disasters. D. Planting new trees on the bare hillside. 29. What can we learn about the old grandma? A. She lost all her family members in the landslide. B. She was grateful that her family stayed safe and sound. C. She refused the supplies offered by student volunteers. D. She planned to move away from the mountain village forever. 30. Why does the writer want to join the school volunteer club? A. To earn extra scores for geography courses. B. To gain more experience in disaster volunteer service. C. To take free professional driving lessons from firemen. D. To rebuild the buried vegetable gardens for villagers. C The Value of Emergency Survival Kits When learning Unit 9 Forces of Nature, our English teacher asked each student to prepare a personal emergency survival kit and share it in class. Most students only put snacks and bottled water in their bags at first, but after watching disaster rescue videos, we realized what real emergency supplies should include. A standard emergency kit is designed for sudden natural disasters such as floods, sandstorms, volcanic ash falls and earthquakes. It should support one person’s basic needs for at least 72 hours, because professional rescue teams usually take three days to reach remote disaster areas. First, drinking water and high-energy food like nuts, dried beef and energy bars are necessary. Canned food needs a can opener, which many people easily forget to prepare. Second, medical items are essential: bandages, antiseptic liquid, painkillers and medicine for personal chronic illnesses. Besides food and medicine, tools and communication equipment cannot be ignored. A hand-cranked flashlight works without batteries, which is much more reliable than common electric torches that run out of power quickly. A loud emergency whistle can help rescuers find your position when you are trapped under ruins. A waterproof notebook and pencil allow you to write down important information such as family phone numbers and personal medical history. Some students added disposable raincoats and thick gloves to protect themselves from sharp broken objects and bad weather. Some classmates argued that emergency kits were useless because natural disasters rarely happen in our city. However, our teacher explained that preparation does not mean waiting for disasters, but learning self-rescue ability. Last winter, a heavy snowstorm blocked city roads for two days; families with emergency supplies lived much more comfortably than those without. Preparing survival kits helps us respect the power of nature and stay calm in unexpected dangerous situations. 31. What was students’ initial mistake when preparing kits? A. They made the kits too heavy to carry outdoors. B. They only filled kits with food and drinking water simply. C. They put too much expensive electronic equipment inside. D. They copied other classmates’ kit contents completely. 32. Why should emergency kits support 72-hour survival? A. National law sets this standard for middle school students. B. Most natural disasters last exactly three days on average. C. Rescuers may spend three days arriving at remote disaster zones. D. Human bodies can only survive three days without fresh supplies. 33. Which tool is the best choice for power-free lighting? A. Battery-powered flashlights. B. Hand-cranked flashlights. C. Mobile phone screen lights. D. Candle lamps with open fire. 34. What is the teacher’s opinion on emergency kits? A. They are totally unnecessary for cities with few disasters. B. They train students’ self-rescue skills against natural disasters. C. They should only be prepared by families living in mountain areas. D. Students must take their kits with them every school day. 35. What type of writing is this passage? A. A class activity report. B. A science fiction story. C. A travel journal. D. A product advertisement. D From Fear to Understanding: Studying Volcanic Activity Volcanic eruptions are one of the most shocking forces of nature. For centuries, human beings feared volcanoes because sudden eruptions could bury towns under lava and volcanic ash, destroy farmland and pollute air for hundreds of kilometers. With the development of geological science, scientists no longer only fear volcanoes but study them carefully to discover their hidden value. Volcanoes form when high-temperature magma under the earth’s crust breaks through weak rock layers on the surface. Active volcanoes may erupt at any time, while dormant volcanoes have not erupted for hundreds of years but still have potential risks, and extinct volcanoes will never erupt again. Geologists use temperature sensors, gas detectors and ground vibration monitors to track active volcanoes. They can forecast possible eruptions weeks or even months ahead, giving local residents enough time to evacuate safely. Though volcanic eruptions bring short-term destruction, they create long-term natural advantages. Volcanic rock weathers into extremely fertile soil rich in minerals. Many famous agricultural regions around the world are built on volcanic soil, producing high-quality fruits, grapes and grains. Volcanic hot springs carry dissolved minerals, which are good for human skin and physical relaxation. In Iceland, people even use volcanic geothermal heat to warm houses and generate clean electricity, greatly reducing fossil fuel consumption. In our Unit 11 project task, we were divided into groups to make posters about volcanoes. My group focused on volcanic disaster prevention measures, including staying away from low-lying lava flow areas, covering mouths and noses with wet cloth against ash smoke, and following official evacuation routes instead of running blindly. This project changed my old view: nature’s powerful forces are not just enemies of humans. If we learn scientific knowledge, observe natural rules and make reasonable preparations, we can live in harmony with volcanoes and other natural phenomena. 36. Why did ancient people fear volcanic eruptions? A. Volcanoes produced terrible loud noises continuously. B. Eruptions would destroy living areas and pollute wide areas. C. Volcanic magma could change local climate permanently. D. No plant could grow on land affected by volcanoes forever. 37. What equipment do scientists use to predict volcanic eruptions? A. Weather balloons and rainfall gauges. B. Ground vibration monitors and gas detectors. C. Telescope cameras and seawater testers. D. Wind speed meters and soil moisture sensors. 38. What benefit does volcanic soil bring? A. It can stop flood water from spreading. B. It is highly fertile for crop planting. C. It can be made into building bricks directly. D. It absorbs harmful gases in the air. 39. Which safety measure is correct during a volcanic eruption? A. Run down to low valleys to avoid volcanic ash. B. Breathe fresh air without any covering on the face. C. Leave dangerous areas along official evacuation paths. D. Stay at home and watch lava flows through open windows. 40. What is the theme of the passage? A. The formation, influence and human coping methods of volcanoes. B. Different types of natural geological disasters on Earth. C. How students finish English project posters at school. D. Clean energy developed from all natural forces. 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Last month, our city experienced a strong sandstorm, which made me realize the great power of natural forces. Before that day, I only learned about sandstorms in Unit 9 textbooks and thought they were far away from my daily life. Early in the morning, the sky turned dark yellow suddenly. Strong winds ____41____ street trees and blew plastic bags everywhere. My mother quickly closed all doors and windows, and covered window gaps with wet towels to stop sand from ____42____ indoors. My father took out our family emergency kit, which we had prepared after the school safety lecture. Inside there were bottled water, high-energy biscuits, bandages and a hand-cranked flashlight ____43____ batteries. At school, teachers canceled outdoor PE class and organized us to review sandstorm self-rescue knowledge. Our geography teacher told us that sandstorms mainly form because of long-time drought and serious soil erosion. Human activities such as overgrazing and blind tree cutting ____44____ this natural disaster to worsen. Many students took notes carefully, because we understood that knowing prevention skills was much more ____45____ than only reading textbook sentences. In the afternoon, the sandstorm weakened slowly. We walked home with masks covering our noses and mouths. On the way, we saw street cleaners working hard to ____46____ sand piles on roads. Some community volunteers helped the elderly clean sand from their balconies. I joined them without hesitation, and my desk mate ____47____ me together. We spent one hour sweeping the sidewalk, tired but satisfied. This unusual experience changed my attitude toward forces of nature. I used to think natural disasters were just exam topics, but now I know they can directly influence public safety. Our class decided to start a small environmental project: we would make leaflets about ____48____ sandstorm risks and hand them out in the community on weekends. We also planned to plant saplings on the hills on the city edge to ____49____ soil and reduce wind damage. Teachers told us teenagers could not stop natural disasters alone, but we could do small things to lower risks. Saving water, protecting green plants and learning disaster skills are simple actions, yet they make a big ____50____. From Unit 9 to Unit 11, every lesson about nature teaches us to respect natural rules, instead of trying to control powerful natural forces blindly. Several weeks later, we held a class speech contest about natural disaster prevention. I wrote my speech based on the sandstorm experience and won the third prize. When standing on the platform, I told classmates that understanding nature is the best way to ____51____ ourselves. Many students said they would prepare personal emergency kits and take part in environmental volunteer activities. Life always brings unexpected natural challenges. Textbook knowledge builds our theoretical foundation, while real-life experiences ____52____ our practical abilities. We should not wait for disasters to arrive before making preparations. Instead, we should take action ____53____ so that we can keep safe when thunderstorms, floods or sandstorms come. Finally, I keep my mask and emergency whistle in my schoolbag every day as a ____54____. It reminds me never to ignore the power of nature and always stay ready. Studying Units 9—11 not only improves my English grades, but also shapes my safety awareness, which is the most ____55____ lesson I have learned this term. 41. A. pulled down B. put down C. cut down D. turned down 42. A. blowing B. entering C. falling D. pouring 43. A. with B. for C. without D. over 44. A. help B. make C. let D. cause 45. A. boring B. valuable C. difficult D. strange 46. A. clear B. build C. move D. cover 47. A. stopped B. followed C. refused D. doubted 48. A. increasing B. avoiding C. judging D. spreading 49. A. loosen B. dig C. fix D. carry 50. A. mistake B. promise C. difference D. decision 51. A. protect B. introduce C. enjoy D. improve 52. A. check B. develop C. waste D. test 53. A. in time B. at last C. once again D. from time to time 54. A. toy B. gift C. reminder D. treasure 55. A. traditional B. basic C. common D. valuable 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 word, safe, sudden, heavy, they, hide, warn, equip, nature, use Flood Prevention Tips for Students Floods are common ____56____ disasters in low-lying cities. Our school has released a set of tips to keep students ____57____ when flood water rises ____58____. First, listen to official weather ____59____ through mobile phones or school broadcasts. Do not believe false ____60____ from online unknown sources. Second, prepare basic emergency ____61____ such as waterproof bags and high-heeled rain boots. Keep important personal documents in sealed plastic bags to prevent ____62____ from getting wet. When flood water enters buildings, move quickly to higher floors and never ____63____ in basements or ground-floor rooms. Avoid walking through ____64____ flooded streets, because underground damaged manhole covers are extremely dangerous. After the flood passes, do not drink unboiled tap water; ____65____ boiled water only to stop infectious diseases. 第二节 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Volcanic ash falls will influence daily life greatly. When ash floats in the air, we need ____66____ (wear) wet masks outdoors. It is necessary ____67____ (close) air-conditioners to stop ash from entering rooms. Farmers must cover vegetable fields with cloth ____68____ (protect) crops. Scientists keep monitoring volcanic activities and send early warnings to reduce ____69____ (lose). Learning these skills helps us deal with powerful ____70____ (force) of nature properly. 五、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，从五个选项中选出最佳句子补全对话，有一个多余选项。 Tom: Hi, Lisa. ____71____ Lisa: Sure, I made a poster about volcanic eruption safety rules. Tom: That sounds great. I am stuck on making my emergency survival kit homework. ____72____ Lisa: We need drinking water, high-energy food, first-aid medicine and a hand flashlight. Tom: ____73____ Lisa: Because sudden floods or thunderstorms may cut off power and traffic, rescuers cannot arrive right away. Tom: I still feel unclear about some self-rescue steps. Lisa: ____74____ They will show standard operations for natural disasters. Tom: Good idea. What’s your plan after finishing this unit? Lisa: ____75____ I want to practice real disaster assistance skills. Tom: Can I sign up with you? Lisa: Of course! A. What should we put in the emergency kit? B. Did you finish the Unit 11 project about volcanoes? C. I plan to join the school disaster prevention volunteer group. D. Why do we need to prepare emergency supplies? E. We can watch professional rescue videos together this weekend. F. Volcanic ash will hurt our breathing system without masks. 六、书面表达（共20分） 76. 假定你是八年级学生李华，你们学校英文公众号正在开展主题征文活动，题目为What I Learn from Natural Forces。请你根据要点提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 要点： 1.学习内容：雷电、山洪、火山等自然力量，掌握基础自救常识； 2.个人经历：上周班级模拟暴雨疏散演练的过程与感受； 3.个人感悟：敬畏自然，做好应急准备，青少年学习防灾知识的意义。 要求： 1.词数100左右； 2.条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确； 3.不得出现真实校名、人名，紧扣单元话题原创写作。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $八年级英语下期学情自测三听力材料。第一节听下面。5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给BC三个选项中选出最佳答案，每段对话读两遍。One. did you meet any . natural disaster last week? Yes, is john thurston hit our neighbor? Hop wave, heavy lightning. One. did you meet any . natural disaster last week? Yes, is john. Thunderstorm hit our neighbor hope wave, heavy lightning. I will put my emergency . food and water in the living room cabinet for sudden bad weather. That's a proper place, not under the bed or balcony. Two, I will put my emergency . food and water in the living room cabinet for sudden bad weather. That's a proper place, not under the bed or balcony. Three, do you feel . afraid of volcanic reactions? One learning unit 10。A little scared. They look really powerful and destructive. Three, do you feel . afraid of volcanic reactions? One learning unit 10。A little scared. They look really powerful and destructive. For could I borrow . your disaster reference book? I need IT for my english. Sure, here you are. My geography notebook is not suitable for you. For could I borrow your disaster reference book? I need IT for my english的。Sure, here you are. My geography notebook is not suitable for you. Five, when does the school natural safety lecture begin 2点到2点15分？It's put off fifteen minutes later. I will start at下午两点半。Fine, when does the school natural safety lecture begin 2点到2点15分？It's put off fifty minutes later. IT will start at下午两点半。第二节，听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从例BC3个选项中选出最佳答案，每段内容读两遍，听下面一段对话，回答第六至第7两个小题。A landslide happened in the mountain town because of nonstop heavy rain. This days, terrible, many roads fell down and blocked roads. Shall we join student volunteers? Yes, we will help clear fAllen rocks on mountain pets instead of distributing water. A landslide happened in the mountain town because of nonstop heavy rain these days, terrible many rocks fell down and blocked roads. Shall we join student volunteers? Yes, we will help clear fAllen rock on mountain pets instead of distributing water. 听下面一段对话，回答第八第至第13个小题。How was your natural disaster summer camp town? wonderful. I began to learn the dream there. Last saturday, a sensor m struck our town. And less three hours. you Better wear . a mask whenever you go out on windy days like this. How was your natural disaster summer camp town? wonderful. I began to learn the drone there last saturday is same storm struck our town and lasted three hours. You Better wear a mess whenever you go out on windy days like this. 听下面一段独白，完成第11至第15 5个小题。Last summer, we, I stayed in a mountain village with my family. On the third day, a hilly houston protect this area. Local fireman taught villagers, lots are self rescue skills. Many fruit trees were broken by hailstones. From this experience, I learned that mastering basic disaster prevention skills is really important for everyone. Last summer vacation, I stayed in a mountain village with my family. On the third day, a hey, houston attack, this area local fireman taught villager's lots are self rescue skills. Many fruit trees were broken by hailstones. From this experience, I learned that mastering basic disaster prevention skills is really important for everyone. 第三节你将听到下面一段短文，根据短文内容完成下面表格，每空一词，短文读两遍。Now I will introduce some safety tips. One, heavy rain causes floods. First of all, you should pack a small emergency kit with enough foot and common medicine at home. One, rain pose heavily, stay indoors and tip far away from glass doors and windows to avoid hit by broken pieces. Once flood water rises fast, live low areas and move to high ground as quickly as possible. The most useful way is to take a safety training course at school to improve yourself protection ability. Now I will introduce some safety tips. One, heavy rain causes floods. First of all, you should take a small emergency kit with enough foot and common medicine at home. One, rainin POS heavily stay in and keep far away from glass and windows. A voban hit by broken pieces. Once flood water rises, live low areas and move to high ground as quickly as possible. The most useful way is to take a safety training course at school to improve yourself protective ability. 听力到此结束，请继续完成笔试部分。