精品解析：湖南衡阳市第八中学2025-2026学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题

绝密★启用前 衡阳市八中高二下学期第一次月考试题 英语 考试时间：120分钟 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A You already know and love Zion National Park in Utah, US for hiking, camping, mountain biking, scenic drives, and stunning landscapes. But if you’re going to bed right after sunset, you’re really only experiencing half the park. Come to experience the other half. As soon as the sun goes down below the Navajo Sandstone canyon (峡谷) walls of Zion National Park, the entire region falls into darkness. That’s because, although there are a handful of communities around Zion National Park, there’s very little light pollution here. The closest big city is Las Vegas, which is about 160 miles away — more than enough distance to keep Zion National Park’s skies dark. The 229-square-mile park became an official International Dark Sky Park in 2021, and the nearby town of Springdale followed suit in summer 2023. The tour to book Though you can easily stargaze (观星) on your own, we recommend letting the guides at Stargazing Zion show you around the night sky. Their two-hour tours are guided by professional astronomers who give every guest a pair of stargazing binoculars and use their high-powered telescopes to bring distant wonders right before your eyes, like far-away galaxies or nebulae. Where to stay Stay overnight at one of Zion National Park’s comfortable camping resorts, such as Open Sky Zion, AutoCamp Zion, Under Canvas Zion, or Zion Wildflower Resort. While there are plenty of great hotels in the area, at these places you’ll be more willing to stay up late to watch stars while gathering by a campfire, relaxing in your own wooden hot tub (桶) or just hanging out in front of your tent. 1. What makes Zion National Park have very dark skies at night? A. Increasing light pollution. B. Its closeness to Springdale. C. Surrounding communities. D. Its distance from major cities. 2. What can visitors experience during a tour with Stargazing Zion? A. Renting a high-powered telescope. B. Enjoying the tour for over two hours. C. Being accompanied by astronomy experts. D. Observing lights from distant Las Vegas. 3. What is the text? A. A guide to tour a national park at night. B. An announcement on updates of a park. C. A review of a tour experience in a park. D. An introduction to the history of a park. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国犹他州的锡安国家公园，指出其夜晚因远离大城市光污染少，是观星的好地方，并推荐了观星之旅及住宿地点，引导游客体验公园夜晚的魅力。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The closest big city is Las Vegas, which is about 160 miles away — more than enough distance to keep Zion National Park’s skies dark.(最近的大城市是拉斯维加斯，距离约160英里，这段距离足以让锡安国家公园的天空保持黑暗)”可知，与大城市的距离使得锡安国家公园夜晚天空很暗，故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Though you can easily stargaze (观星) on your own, we recommend letting the guides at Stargazing Zion show you around the night sky. Their two-hour tours are guided by professional astronomers who give every guest a pair of stargazing binoculars and use their high-powered telescopes to bring distant wonders right before your eyes, like far-away galaxies or nebulae.(虽然你可以轻松地自行观星，但我们还是推荐让“锡安观星”的导游带你领略夜空的魅力。他们为时两小时的旅行由专业天文学家带领，每位游客会得到一副观星双筒望远镜，天文学家还会使用高倍望远镜将遥远的奇观呈现在你眼前，比如遥远的星系或星云)”可知，游客在与“锡安观星”的旅行中会有天文学专家陪同，故选C项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国犹他州的锡安国家公园，指出其夜晚因远离大城市光污染少，是观星的好地方，并推荐了观星之旅及住宿地点，引导游客体验公园夜晚的魅力。整体是关于在夜晚游览该国家公园的指南，故选A项。 B Tian Wangui and his wife Lu Min are villagers in Qiantian Village, Liaoning Province. They began planting trees over forty years ago. With their hard work, the two barren (贫瘠的) mountains are covered by trees now. After leaving the army in the 1980s, Tian got back home and began planting fruit trees on the hills. In 1982, the couple got the contract rights (承包经营权) of two mountains. At first, they planted some young fruit trees on part of the land. In order to water them, they had to carry water up to the top of the mountains many times a day by themselves. Looking at the “lonely” fruit trees, the couple came up with a new idea — to plant more trees to keep company with the fruit trees. Now, the two mountains are covered by more than 50,000 trees of over 20 kinds. More than 2,000 birds live in the trees in the mountains. “We cared for the mountains and trees as we cared for our children,” said Lu. “Even as we grow old, our children will protect the woods, watch over the birds and keep our dream alive.” 4. What did Tian Wangui do before he began planting trees? A. He served in the army. B. He watched over the birds. C. He cared for the children. D. He carried water up to the mountains. 5. Why did the couple decide to plant more trees on the mountains? A. To create a beautiful landscape. B. To attract rare birds to the mountains. C. To increase the value of the mountains. D. To provide company for the “lonely” fruit trees. 6. Which word can best describe the couple? A. Determined. B. Friendly. C. Curious. D. Brave. 7. What is the passage mainly about? A. A couple got the contract rights by planting trees. B. A couple taught their children to plant trees for over forty years. C. A couple kept planting trees on the mountains for over forty years. D. A couple helped the villagers plant trees on the mountains for over forty years. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了田万贵和陆敏这一对夫妇在四十多年的时间里，坚持在山上种树，把荒山变为青山的故事。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“After leaving the army in the 1980s, Tian got back home and began planting fruit trees on the hills.(上世纪80年代退伍后，田回到家乡，开始在山上种果树。)”可知，田万贵在开始种树之前是在军队服役。故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Looking at the “lonely” fruit trees, the couple came up with a new idea—to plant more trees to keep company with the fruit trees.(看着这些“孤独”的果树，这对夫妇想出了一个新主意——种更多的树来陪伴果树。)”可知，这对夫妇决定在山上种更多的树是为了给“孤独”的果树提供陪伴。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“They began planting trees over forty years ago. With their hard work, the two barren (贫瘠的) mountains are covered by trees now.(他们四十多年前开始种树。经过他们的努力，两座荒山现在都被树木覆盖了。)”和第二段中“In order to water them, they had to carry water up to the top of the mountains many times a day by themselves.(为了给它们浇水，他们不得不自己每天多次把水搬到山顶。)”可知，这对夫妇坚持种树四十年，不辞辛苦。因此，他们是意志坚定的人。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“They began planting trees over forty years ago. With their hard work, the two barren (贫瘠的) mountains are covered by trees now.(他们四十多年前开始种树。经过他们的努力，两座荒山现在都被树木覆盖了。)”可知，文章主要讲述了田万贵和陆敏这一对夫妇在四十多年的时间里，坚持在山上种树，把荒山变为青山的故事。故选C。 C Chinese AI Model DeepSeek-R1 Stuns the World On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek unveiled its groundbreaking AI model, DeepSeek-R1. This advanced program, capable of solving complex math problems, writing code, and answering questions with remarkable accuracy, has been compared to top-tier models like Open AI’s GPT-40. However, what sets DeepSeek-R1 apart is its cost-effectiveness. The development team spent only $5.58 million — just 1/70 of Open AI’s budget-and utilized 2,048 computer chips over two months. This achievement demonstrates that innovation and ingenuity can triumph over massive financial resources. DeepSeek-R1 employs a unique learning method. Unlike traditional AI models that rely heavily on pre-prepared datasets, R1 learns through trial and error, much like how students practice math problems. This self-improving capability allows it to outperform other models in certain areas. For instance, in a global math test, DeepSeek-R1 scored 79.8%, slightly higher than Open AI’s model. Additionally, a simplified version of R1 can run on low-cost computers, making it accessible to schools and small businesses, thereby democratizing AI technology. One of the most remarkable features of DeepSeek-R1 is its open-source nature. It is free to use and modify, encouraging global collaboration. On its first day online, over 19,000 programmers worldwide initiated projects to study and improve the model. A German scientist noted that experiments with R1 cost only 10 instead of $300 with other AI models. Even a top scientist from Meta, a leading U.S. tech company, praised R1, stating, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” The success of DeepSeek-R1 has raised concerns among U.S. tech giants. Meta, for example, has announced plans to invest an additional $65 billion in AI research to stay competitive. Experts believe that China is rapidly closing the gap in AI technology. A report in Nature magazine hailed R1 as a “big step forward”, emphasizing that smart ideas can outperform expensive tools. As one DeepSeek engineer said, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.” R1 exemplifies China’s commitment to making AI accessible and affordable for all. It sends a powerful message to the world: Great achievements stem from creativity and hard work, not just financial power. With R1, China has not only advanced AI technology but also inspired a global movement toward inclusive and innovative solutions. 8. What is the main advantage of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models? A. It is more expensive to develop. B. It requires more computer chips. C. It is cost-effective and accessible. D. It relies on pre-prepared datasets. 9. What does “improves by itself” mean in the article? A. It copies answers from other AIs. B. It becomes better through practice. C. It needs programmers to fix mistakes. D. It only works with expensive tools. 10. What does the Nature magazine report say about DeepSeek-R1? A. It is a step backward in AI development. B. It is too complex for global collaboration. C. It proves that smart ideas can beat expensive tools. D. It is only useful for schools and small companies. 11. What message does DeepSeek-R1 send to the world? A. Great achievements require only money. B. U.S. tech companies are unbeatable. C. AI technology should remain exclusive. D. Innovation and hard work lead to great things. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科技公司DeepSeek推出的AI模型DeepSeek R1，它具有成本效益高、可获取性强等特点，其成功引发了美国科技巨头的担忧。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, what sets DeepSeek R1 apart is its cost effectiveness. (然而，让DeepSeek R1脱颖而出的是它的成本效益)”以及第二段中“Additionally, a simplified version of R1 can run on low cost computers, making it accessible to schools and small businesses, thereby democratizing AI technology. (此外，R1的简化版本可以在低成本计算机上运行，使学校和小企业都能使用，从而使人工智能技术更普及)”可知，与其他AI模型相比，DeepSeek R1的主要优势是成本效益高且容易获取。故选C项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional AI models that rely heavily on pre prepared datasets, R1 learns through trial and error, much like how students practice math problems. This self-improving capability allows it to outperform other models in certain areas. (与严重依赖预先准备好的数据集的传统人工智能模型不同，R1通过反复试验来学习，就像学生做数学题一样。这种自我提升的能力使它在某些方面优于其他模型)”可知，R1可以通过反复试验来学习，进而达到自我提升，由此推知， “improves by itself”指的是它通过练习变得更好。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“A report in Nature magazine hailed R1 as a ‘big step forward’, emphasizing that smart ideas can outperform expensive tools. (《自然》杂志的一篇报道称R1是‘向前迈出的一大步’，强调聪明的想法可以胜过昂贵的工具)”可知，《自然》杂志的报道表明DeepSeek R1证明了聪明的想法可以战胜昂贵的工具。故选C项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It sends a powerful message to the world: Great achievements stem from creativity and hard work, not just financial power. (它向世界传递了一个强有力的信息：伟大的成就源于创造力和努力工作，而不仅仅是财力)”可知，DeepSeek R1向世界传达的信息是创新和努力工作能带来伟大的成就。故选D项。 D In the field of higher education, where fairness and objectivity are considered essential, it’s easy to assume that factors such as the order of students’ surnames have no bearing on their academic performance. However, recent studies suggest that this assumption may not be entirely correct. Research from the University of Michigan, which examined over 30 million grading records, uncovered an unexpected pattern: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet generally receive higher grades than those with surnames placed later. This effect is particularly noticeable in large courses or classes where assignments are submitted electronically through platforms like Canvas, which automatically lists students in alphabetical order. Consequently, students whose surnames fall toward the end of the alphabet, such as those beginning with Y or Z, are more likely to receive lower grades than those whose names come earlier. This bias (偏见) is explained by a phenomenon known as “sequential grading bias”. It occurs when students are unintentionally advanced or disadvantaged based on the order in which their work is assessed. For example, applicants in a job interview who are interviewed later in the day may be rated more severely than those who are interviewed first. In academic settings, instructors often begin grading with the first papers in the list, which tend to be from students with surnames starting with letters like A or B. This gives those students a small advantage, as their work may be graded more favorably. However, when exams are graded in the opposite order, this prejudice can change, and the later submissions may receive better evaluations. To address this issue, educators and policymakers are urged to consider alternative grading methods that minimize the influence of alphabetical order. Ideas include randomizing the order in which papers are graded, using anonymous (匿名的) submissions, or encouraging more comprehensive evaluation practices that reduce the impact of initial impressions. By addressing these biases, educational institutions can create a fairer and welcoming environment where students’ academic achievements are judged only on their performance rather than their surnames’ position in the alphabet. 12. Why does the author mention Canvas in the study? A. To suggest Canvas could reduce grading biases. B. To explain how Canvas randomly assigns students. C. To show how Canvas’s alphabetical order affects grading. D. To interpret Canvas is the most effective in grading platforms. 13. What does “sequential grading bias” refer to? A. A grading system based on students’ performance. B. The effect of the order in grading students’ work. C. An intentional effort to grade papers in a certain order. D. The preference for grading early submissions more seriously. 14. How might the issue of alphabetical bias be addressed? A. By removing digital submission platforms like Canvas. B. By grading papers based on students' performance in class. C. By grading in random order or using anonymous submissions. D. By ensuring that only top-performing students are graded first. 15. What is the purpose in writing the article? A. To suggest larger courses. B. To explain grading systems. C. To recommend using Canvas. D. To discuss grading bias and solutions. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了姓氏字母顺序对学生成绩评定的影响及解决办法。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Research from the University of Michigan, which examined over 30 million grading records, uncovered an unexpected pattern: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet generally receive higher grades than those with surnames placed later. This effect is particularly noticeable in large courses or classes where assignments are submitted electronically through platforms like Canvas, which automatically lists students in alphabetical order. Consequently, students whose surnames fall toward the end of the alphabet, such as those beginning with Y or Z, are more likely to receive lower grades than those whose names come earlier.(密歇根大学的研究检查了超过 3000 万份评分记录，发现了一个意想不到的模式：姓氏在字母表中出现得较早的学生通常比姓氏出现得较晚的学生获得更高的分数。这种影响在大型课程或班级中尤其明显，在这些课程或班级中，作业是通过像Canvas这样的平台以电子方式提交的，该平台会自动按字母顺序列出学生。因此，姓氏在字母表中靠后的学生，比如那些姓氏以Y或Z开头的学生，比起姓氏在字母表中位置更靠前的学生，更有可能得到较低的分数)” 可知，提到Canvas是为了展示字母顺序是如何影响评分的。故选C。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“This bias is explained by a phenomenon known as “sequential grading bias”. It occurs when students are unintentionally advanced or disadvantaged based on the order in which their work is assessed.(这种偏见可以用一种被称为“顺序评分偏见”的现象来解释。当学生根据他们的作业被评估的顺序无意中获得优势或处于劣势时，就会出现这种情况)”可知，“顺序评分偏见”指的是评分顺序对学生作业评分的影响。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To address this issue, educators and policymakers are urged to consider alternative grading methods that minimize the influence of alphabetical order. Ideas include randomizing the order in which papers are graded, using anonymous (匿名的) submissions, or encouraging more comprehensive evaluation practices that reduce the impact of initial impressions.(为了解决这个问题，教育工作者和政策制定者被敦促考虑替代评分方法，以尽量减少字母顺序的影响。这些方法包括随机化论文评分的顺序，使用匿名提交，或鼓励更全面的评估实践，以减少第一印象的影响)” 可知，通过随机顺序评分或使用匿名提交可以解决字母顺序偏见的问题。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章先指出姓氏字母顺序可能影响学生成绩，接着介绍“顺序评分偏见”的现象，最后提出了解决这一问题的方法。故文章的目的是讨论评分偏见及解决办法。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Robot bees, or mechanical bees, are machines designed to do the work of actual bees, like pollinating (给……授粉) plants, as well as monitoring the health of bee houses. ___16___ And as expected, many robot bee projects have been successful so far. One of the advantages of robot bees is that they are more productive than real bees. Farmers using robot bees can yield about 20 to 40 percent more crops than if they use commercial honey bees. Meanwhile, these robots are good at collecting and analyzing critical crop data along the way. ___17___ In this sense, robot bees have the potential to achieve a big economic impact. Robot bees can also act as wild pollinators in greenhouses, without requiring that the whole greenhouse be opened up to the actual wild. ___18___ These are closely monitored environments, so there is no need for pesticides (杀虫剂), offering robot bees a promising prospect as they are more se cure for food quality. ___19___ Unless they are given accurate commands to do it, robot bees likely won’t pollinate things like wildflowers the way bees do. As the whole food web is secured by having bees pollinate wildflowers, if you were to replace those bees, then the wildflower communities would start to break down, which would then impact other species like birds. And yet, we may not have much of a choice. The global population is expected to grow by 25 percent to about 10 billion people by 2050. To meet the demand, food production will need to increase greatly. So will the number of honey bees, which are already facing their own unique challenges in the face of habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change. ___20___ A. There is still a long way for robot bees to go. B. This enables growers to make better farming decisions. C. We may need the help of robot bees to ensure our survival. D. But the ways they are used are not environmentally friendly. E. However, robot bees could affect the given area’s biodiversity. F. They are used to increase productivity in the agriculture industry. G. That matters as greenhouses are becoming more popular than outdoor farms. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. G 19. E 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器蜜蜂的设计目的、功能、优点以及可能带来的问题，旨在向读者说明机器蜜蜂在农业产业中的应用及其潜在影响。 【16题详解】 根据空前内容“Robot bees, or mechanical bees, are machines designed to do the work of actual bees, like pollinating plants, as well as monitoring the health of bee houses. (机器蜜蜂，或称机械蜜蜂，是设计用来执行实际蜜蜂的工作的机器，比如给植物授粉，以及监测蜂房的健康状况。)”可知，上文提到了机器蜜蜂的设计意图。选项F“They are used to increase productivity in the agriculture industry. (它们被用来提高农业产业的生产力。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指出机器蜜蜂被用来提高农业产业的生产力。故选F。 【17题详解】 根据空前内容“Meanwhile, these robots are good at collecting and analyzing critical crop data along the way. (同时，这些机器人在沿途还擅长收集和分析关键的作物数据。)”可知，上文提到这些机器人还擅长收集和分析关键的作物数据。而根据空后内容“In this sense, robot bees have the potential to achieve a big economic impact. (说从这个意义上说，机器蜜蜂有可能产生巨大的经济影响。)”可推测，空处应该描述这些机器人收集和分析作物数据后所带来的好处或影响。选项B“This enables growers to make better farming decisions. (这使得种植者能够做出更好的农业决策。)”符合语境，能够解释为什么机器蜜蜂会产生经济影响。故选B。 【18题详解】 根据空前“Robot bees can also act as wild pollinators in greenhouses, without requiring that the whole greenhouse be opened up to the actual wild. (机器蜜蜂还可以在温室里充当野生授粉者，而不需要把整个温室开放给真正的野外。)”以及空后“These are closely monitored environments, so there is no need for pesticides, offering robot bees a promising prospect as they are more se cure for food quality. (这些是密切监控的环境，所以不需要使用农药，这为机器蜜蜂提供了一个有前景的展望，因为它们在食品安全方面更为安全。)”可推测，空处应该描述温室的特点或优势，并与后一句形成对比，说明为什么温室不需要农药。选项G“That matters as greenhouses are becoming more popular than outdoor farms. (这很重要，因为温室比户外农场越来越受欢迎。)”符合语境，能够引出温室的优势。故选G。 【19题详解】 空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Unless they are given accurate commands to do it, robot bees likely won’t pollinate things like wildflowers the way bees do. As the whole food web is secured by having bees pollinate wildflowers, if you were to replace those bees, then the wildflower communities would start to break down, which would then impact other species like birds. (除非给它们准确的指令，否则机器蜜蜂可能不会像蜜蜂那样给野花授粉。由于整个食物网是由蜜蜂给野花授粉来保障的，如果你要用机器蜜蜂来取代它们，那么野花群落就会开始崩溃，从而影响其他物种，比如鸟类。)”可知，机器蜜蜂不会 自主给野花授粉，久而久之，野花群落就会开始崩溃，从而影响其他物种，比如鸟类。由此可知，本段主要讲述了机器蜜蜂存在的问题。选项E“However, robot bees could affect the given area’s biodiversity. (然而，机器蜜蜂可能会影响特定区域的生物多样性。)”符合语境，能够引出后文关于机器蜜蜂可能带来的问题的讨论。故选E。 【20题详解】 根据空前内容“So will the number of honey bees, which are already facing their own unique challenges in the face of habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change. (同样，蜜蜂的数量也会增加，但它们已经面临着栖息地丧失、农药使用和气候变化等独特挑战。)”可知，空处应该描述蜜蜂面临的挑战以及为什么我们需要寻找其他替代方案，比如机器蜜蜂。选项C“We may need the help of robot bees to ensure our survival. (我们可能需要机器蜜蜂的帮助来确保我们的生存。)”符合语境，能够承接上文并引出对机器蜜蜂的需求。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Failing Successfully Two years ago, I took part in a speech competition. It was a hard time for me when the judge ____21____ the winners. At last, the moment of truth came. I got the worst. After not being placed in the competition, I wanted to try again. I realized that finding the right topic was the most important part of the whole ____22____. It needs to be motivational and inspirational to the ____23____. So I reworked my speech, ____24____ a different topic and spending many hours preparing. Then I worked through the speech, line by line, word by word, making it ____25____ better. The next year I competed again, dividing my speech into two parts: my own experience and the common feelings about public speaking — how ____26____ it is, standing on a stage all alone, with everyone watching them. My speech ____27____ well and I was hoping to do that better. ____28____, my wish didn’t come true. The competition was so fierce and again I wasn’t ____29____. I was deeply disappointed, since I couldn’t accept the fact that I had failed twice in something. However, I knew that losing is ____30____ and part of life. One of the judges told me that my topic was good, but it needed to be better if I wanted to go any ____31____. He advised me to ____32____ my gestures and delivery. While I didn’t earn ____33____ in the competition, I discovered that I could fail successfully. Now, whenever I’m faced with a defeat, I ____34____ myself of what a famous person said, “The path was worn and slippery. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself that it’s a slip and not a ____35____.” 21. A. interviewed B. predicted C. observed D. announced 22. A. range B. condition C. system D. process 23. A. companion B. audience C. director D. author 24. A. reviewing B. supposing C. picking D. comparing 25. A. roll B. move C. expose D. flow 26. A. annoying B. surprising C. frightening D. confusing 27. A. went across B. went over C. went down D. went off 28. A. Angrily B. Sadly C. Strangely D. Eagerly 29. A. placed B. treated C. settled D. affected 30. A. difficult B. natural C. appropriate D. flexible 31. A. further B. harder C. happier D. stronger 32. A. assume B. reflect C. perfect D. acquire 33. A. awards B. profits C. comments D. qualities 34. A. allow B. inform C. accuse D. remind 35. A. fall B. push C. kick D. walk 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者两次参加演讲比赛，虽然精心准备仍然没有拿到奖项，但是作者感到虽败犹荣，他时刻提醒自己，失败只是自己滑了一跤，而不是跌倒。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当裁判宣布优胜者时，我感到很难过。A. interviewed采访；B. predicted预测；C. observed观察；D. announced宣布。根据后文“the winners”指裁判宣布获胜者。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到找到合适的话题是整个过程中最重要的部分。A. range范围；B. condition条件；C. system系统；D. process程序。根据上文“At last, the moment of truth came. I got the worst. After not being placed in the competition, I wanted to try again.(最后，关键时刻来了。我得到了最差的。在没有被安排参加比赛后，我想再试一次)”和后文“It needs to be motivational and inspirational”可知，作者意识到话题是过程中最重要的部分。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它需要能够激励和鼓舞观众。A. companion伴侣；B. audience观众；C. director导演；D. author作者。根据后文“So I reworked my speech”可知这里指激励和鼓舞观众。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我重新修改了我的演讲，选择了一个不同的主题，花了很多时间准备。A. reviewing复习；B. supposing认为；C. picking选择；D. comparing比较。根据后文“a different topic”可知，作者选择了一个不同的主题。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我逐字逐句地复习演讲稿，使它更流畅。A. roll滚动；B. move移动；C. expose暴露；D. flow流动，流畅。根据上文“Then I worked through the speech, line by line, word by word, making it”可知，作者逐字逐句地复习演讲稿，使它更流畅。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二年，我又参加了比赛，我的演讲分为两部分：我自己的经历和公众演讲的共同感受——独自站在舞台上，所有人都在看着他们，这是多么可怕。A. annoying令人恼火的；B. surprising惊人的；C. frightening可怕的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“standing on a stage all alone, with everyone watching them.”可知，独自站在舞台上被观众凝视是可怕的。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的演讲很受欢迎，我希望能做得更好。A. went across穿过；B. went over仔细检查；C. went down下降；D. went off爆炸。根据后文“I was hoping to do that better.”可知，演讲受欢迎，短语go down well表示“受欢迎”。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：遗憾的是，我的愿望没有实现。A. Angrily生气地；B. Sadly悲伤地，遗憾的是；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Eagerly渴望地。根据后文“my wish didn’t come true.”可知，遗憾地是，作者的愿望没有实现。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：竞争如此激烈，我又一次落榜了。A. placed排名，放置；B. treated对待；C. settled解决；D. affected影响。根据后文“I was deeply disappointed”指作者没有取得排名，十分失望。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我知道失败是很自然的，是生活的一部分。A. difficult困难的；B. natural自然的；C. appropriate合适的；D. flexible灵活的。根据后文“and part of life”可知，失败是自然的，是生活的一部分。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：一位评委告诉我，我的题目很好，但是如果我想更进一步的话，还需要做得更好。A. further进一步，更远的；B. harder更难的；C. happier更快乐的；D. stronger更强壮的。根据上文“it needed to be better if I wanted to go any”指作者想要更进一步，需要更好。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议我改进我的手势和表达方式。A. assume认为；B. reflect反思；C. perfect完善；D. acquire获得。根据上文“it needed to be better”可知，想要更好，作者需要改善手势和表达方式。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：虽然我没有在比赛中获得任何奖项，但我发现我也可能成功地失败。A. awards奖励；B. profits利益；C. comments评论；D. qualities质量。根据上文“I was deeply disappointed, since I couldn’t accept the fact that I had failed twice in something.(我非常失望，因为我不能接受我在某件事上失败了两次的事实)”可知，作者没有在比赛中获得任何奖项，故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我面临失败时，我都会提醒自己一位名人说过的话：“道路是磨损和滑的。”A. allow允许；B. inform通知；C. accuse控告；D. remind提醒。根据后文“myself of what a famous person said, “The path was worn and slippery.”指作者用名人名言提醒自己。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的一只脚从我身下滑了下去，把另一只脚撞倒了，但我回过神来，对自己说这是滑倒，不是摔下去。”A. fall摔倒；B. push推；C. kick踢腿；D. walk散步。根据上文“My foot slipped from under me”可知，指脚滑摔倒了。故选A。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station ___36___(make)the universe’s first space-baked cookies. They are ___37___ very first kind of food to be baked in space from raw ingredients. The astronauts said ___38___(eat) freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting ___39___(remind) of home. This will be important for astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars. Baking the space cookies once ___40___(think) extremely difficult. On Earth, cookies take about 20 minutes ___41___(bake) in an oven heated to 150 degrees Celsius(302 degrees Fahrenheit). That was not long enough in space. The first cookie came out ___42___(total) undercooked. The space bakers turned ___43___the oven’s temperature and baked the dough for ___44___(long)until they were successful. The fifth cookie they made took 130 minutes to bake. The space-baked cookies are now in a laboratory in Houston, Texas. Scientists will test them to see ____45____ they are safe to eat. 【答案】36. have made 37. the 38. eating 39. reminder 40. was thought 41. to bake 42. totally 43. up 44. longer 45. if/whether 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道类文章。国际空间站的宇航员制作了宇宙中第一块太空烘焙饼干。 【36题详解】 考查时态。时间状语是so far（迄今为止），句子应用现在完成时态。故填have made。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它们是第一种在太空中由原料烘焙而成的食物。序数词first前要用定冠词,表示“第一”。故填the。 【38题详解】 考查动名词。句意：宇航员们说，在空间站吃新鲜出炉的食物会让他们很开心。该空作主语，常用动名词。故填eating。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：在太空吃到现烤的饼干将会使人想到家。空前有不定冠词和形容词，故该空应用单数名词。该处表示“引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物”。故填reminder。 【40题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在太空中烹饪曾被认为是极其困难的。baking the space cookies和think之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且根据once(曾经)可知，该句应用一般过去时态。且动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was thought。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在地球上，用加热到150度的烤箱花20分钟就可以烤好饼干，it /sth take time to do sth.是固定句式，意为“花时间做某事”，故填to bake。 【42题详解】 考查副词。该空修饰形容词undercooked（煎（或烤、炸） 得火候不足的）应用副词。故填totally。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：太空烘焙师调高了烤箱的温度，烤面团的时间也变长了，直到他们成功。turn up：调高，是固定短语。符合句意。故填up。 【44题详解】 考查比较级。句意：太空烘焙师调高了烤箱的温度，烤面团的时间也变长了，直到他们成功。根据句意，该处应用long的比较级，故填longer。 【45题详解】 考查连词。句意：这种太空烘焙饼干目前在德克萨斯州休斯敦的一个实验室里。科学家将对它们进行测试，看它们是否可以安全食用。该空引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，故填whether/if。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，上周你市博物馆举办了一场题为“遇见中国画Meet the Chinese Painting”的画展，请你为校英文报写一篇活动报道 ，内容包括： 1. 介绍画展；2.活动评价 注意： (1)写作词数为80词左右； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； A Chinese Painting Exhibition ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version A Chinese Painting Exhibition Last week our city museum witnessed an art exhibition themed Meet the Chinese Paintings to fuel our passion for traditional Chinese art and appreciation of Chinese paintings. Running from April 17 to April 20, the exhibition showed the charm of Chinese paintings from different dynasties, bringing a feast for the eyes of art lovers and presenting the history of traditional Chinese paintings. The highlight of the exhibition was Qingming Shang He Tu，showing life along the Yellow River during the Qingming Festival, which was thought to be one of the most excellent works worthy to be enjoyed. Through the exhibition, the art lovers had a deep insight into the development of Chinese painting. The exhibition was highly thought of by all the art lovers. It was well worth a visit. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生要求考生以李华的名义，针对上周市博物馆举办的“遇见中国画”画展撰写一篇80词左右的英文报道，内容涵盖画展概况及活动评价。 【详解】1.词汇积累 以……为主题：theme → title 魅力：charm → glamour 杰出的：excellent → outstanding 高度评价：think highly of → speak highly of 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Running from April 17 to April 20, the exhibition showed the charm of Chinese paintings from different dynasties, bringing a feast for the eyes of art lovers and presenting the history of traditional Chinese paintings. 拓展句：The exhibition, which ran from April 17 to April 20, showed the charm of Chinese paintings from different dynasties, bringing a feast for the eyes of art lovers and presenting the history of traditional Chinese paintings. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last week our city museum witnessed an art exhibition themed Meet the Chinese Paintings to fuel our passion for traditional Chinese art and appreciation of Chinese paintings.(运用了过去分词短语作后置定语)  【高分句型2】The highlight of the exhibition was Qingming Shang He Tu，showing life along the Yellow River during the Qingming Festival, which was thought to be one of the most excellent works worthy to be enjoyed.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)   第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mr. Hopkins’ bookstore was a quiet island in the noisy stream of the modern city. For decades, it had been a shelter for book lovers. The wooden sign above the door, weathered but proud, read “Hopkins’ Books” in brick red. It had been a constant place where time moved slower with the first turn of a page. Now, it was closing. The news felt like a physical blow to David, a quiet college student who had grown up reading in the cozy corners of the shop. The smell of old paper was the smell of his childhood, witnessing his growth. He couldn’t imagine the street without its warm, inviting light. When the news spread throughout the entire neighborhood, worry was written all over everyone’s faces. The reason for the closure was a woman named Sarah Chen. Representing a large development company, she had made a generous offer to buy the building. She saw the space not for its shelves of stories, but for its potential as a trendy café, a profitable upgrade. To her, it was just business. Mr. Hopkins, now old and tired, felt defeated. “Maybe it’s time, David,” he sighed, his hand resting on a dusty copy of his favorite novel. “The world has moved on.” On the day of the final meeting, David arrived early, his backpack filled with items he had collected over the years from the store: a bookmark from his tenth birthday, a receipt from the first book he had bought with his own money, a photograph of himself and Mr. Hopkins taken during a summer reading program. He walked to the children’s section and drew a small, worn copy of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The cover was faded, the pages yellowed, but the spine still held strong. Sarah arrived precisely at 2:00 p.m. She wasted no time getting down to business, reviewing the contract with Mr. Hopkins. David watched from the sidelines, his heart pounding in his chest. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: He couldn’t let this happen — not without trying to make his voice heard. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: A decision was made to combine a bookstore and a café in one project, and the construction began. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: He couldn’t let this happen — not without trying to make his voice heard. As Sarah flipped through the contract, David gripped The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, stepping forward with courage. “Ms. Chen, may I show you something?” He laid out a bookmark, and faded photos — tangible threads of the neighborhood’s memories. “This store isn’t just wood and shelves: here I learned to dream, Mrs. Henderson reads to kids weekly, and Mr. Hopkins found my first poetry book.” His eyes glistened as children glanced from the corner, clutching books. “It’s a living legacy, not just profit.” Sarah’s pen froze, her gaze softening and hesitation flickering across her face. A decision was made to combine a bookstore and a café in one project, and the construction began. Workers handled the store with utmost care crafting a cozy café bar bathed in warm light. David volunteered diligently, sorting books and hanging lights that cast gentle glows on pages. When the doors reopened, joy filled the air: kids stretched on cushions reading, and elders chatted over the bar. Mr. Hopkins smiled by the door as the store breathed new life — no longer just a book lovers’ shelter, but a vibrant harbour where memories endured and new stories unfolded. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Hopkins先生的书店多年来一直是书迷们的避风港，如今却面临关闭，原因是Sarah Chen要收购这座建筑用于商业行为，心灰意冷的Hopkins先生也决定放手，但这对其中一名顾客David来说犹如晴天霹雳，书店承载着他童年的记忆，见证了他成长的历程，在最终会议的那天，David背着多年来从书店里收集来的物品早早到达，看着Sarah与Hopkins先生一起审查合同，他的心在胸膛里剧烈地跳动着。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“如果他没有努力让自己的声音被听到，他绝不能让这种情况发生”可知，第一段可描写David向Sarah展示自己带的东西，讲述书店的意义，Sarah态度变得缓和。 ②由第二段首句内容“最终决定将书店和咖啡馆合二为一，开始进行建设。”可知，第二段可描写书店和咖啡馆建成，焕发出新的生机。 2.续写线索：走向Sarah——讲述书店的意义——态度变得柔和——最终决定——书店和咖啡馆建成——焕发新的生机 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①浏览，草草翻阅：flip through/flick through ②铺开，展开：lay out/spread out ③闪闪发光：glisten/shine 情绪类 ①勇气：courage/bravery ②欢乐：joy/delight 【点睛】[高分句型1] As Sarah flipped through the contract, David gripped The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, stepping forward with courage.（由连词as引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2] David volunteered diligently, sorting books and hanging lights that cast gentle glows on pages.  （由关系代词that引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★启用前 衡阳市八中高二下学期第一次月考试题 英语 考试时间：120分钟 注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A You already know and love Zion National Park in Utah, US for hiking, camping, mountain biking, scenic drives, and stunning landscapes. But if you’re going to bed right after sunset, you’re really only experiencing half the park. Come to experience the other half. As soon as the sun goes down below the Navajo Sandstone canyon (峡谷) walls of Zion National Park, the entire region falls into darkness. That’s because, although there are a handful of communities around Zion National Park, there’s very little light pollution here. The closest big city is Las Vegas, which is about 160 miles away — more than enough distance to keep Zion National Park’s skies dark. The 229-square-mile park became an official International Dark Sky Park in 2021, and the nearby town of Springdale followed suit in summer 2023. The tour to book Though you can easily stargaze (观星) on your own, we recommend letting the guides at Stargazing Zion show you around the night sky. Their two-hour tours are guided by professional astronomers who give every guest a pair of stargazing binoculars and use their high-powered telescopes to bring distant wonders right before your eyes, like far-away galaxies or nebulae. Where to stay Stay overnight at one of Zion National Park’s comfortable camping resorts, such as Open Sky Zion, AutoCamp Zion, Under Canvas Zion, or Zion Wildflower Resort. While there are plenty of great hotels in the area, at these places you’ll be more willing to stay up late to watch stars while gathering by a campfire, relaxing in your own wooden hot tub (桶) or just hanging out in front of your tent. 1. What makes Zion National Park have very dark skies at night? A. Increasing light pollution. B. Its closeness to Springdale. C. Surrounding communities. D. Its distance from major cities. 2. What can visitors experience during a tour with Stargazing Zion? A. Renting a high-powered telescope. B. Enjoying the tour for over two hours. C. Being accompanied by astronomy experts. D. Observing lights from distant Las Vegas. 3. What is the text? A. A guide to tour a national park at night. B. An announcement on updates of a park. C. A review of a tour experience in a park. D. An introduction to the history of a park. B Tian Wangui and his wife Lu Min are villagers in Qiantian Village, Liaoning Province. They began planting trees over forty years ago. With their hard work, the two barren (贫瘠的) mountains are covered by trees now. After leaving the army in the 1980s, Tian got back home and began planting fruit trees on the hills. In 1982, the couple got the contract rights (承包经营权) of two mountains. At first, they planted some young fruit trees on part of the land. In order to water them, they had to carry water up to the top of the mountains many times a day by themselves. Looking at the “lonely” fruit trees, the couple came up with a new idea — to plant more trees to keep company with the fruit trees. Now, the two mountains are covered by more than 50,000 trees of over 20 kinds. More than 2,000 birds live in the trees in the mountains. “We cared for the mountains and trees as we cared for our children,” said Lu. “Even as we grow old, our children will protect the woods, watch over the birds and keep our dream alive.” 4. What did Tian Wangui do before he began planting trees? A. He served in the army. B. He watched over the birds. C. He cared for the children. D. He carried water up to the mountains. 5. Why did the couple decide to plant more trees on the mountains? A. To create a beautiful landscape. B. To attract rare birds to the mountains. C. To increase the value of the mountains. D. To provide company for the “lonely” fruit trees. 6. Which word can best describe the couple? A. Determined. B. Friendly. C. Curious. D. Brave. 7. What is the passage mainly about? A. A couple got the contract rights by planting trees. B. A couple taught their children to plant trees for over forty years. C. A couple kept planting trees on the mountains for over forty years. D. A couple helped the villagers plant trees on the mountains for over forty years. C Chinese AI Model DeepSeek-R1 Stuns the World On January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek unveiled its groundbreaking AI model, DeepSeek-R1. This advanced program, capable of solving complex math problems, writing code, and answering questions with remarkable accuracy, has been compared to top-tier models like Open AI’s GPT-40. However, what sets DeepSeek-R1 apart is its cost-effectiveness. The development team spent only $5.58 million — just 1/70 of Open AI’s budget-and utilized 2,048 computer chips over two months. This achievement demonstrates that innovation and ingenuity can triumph over massive financial resources. DeepSeek-R1 employs a unique learning method. Unlike traditional AI models that rely heavily on pre-prepared datasets, R1 learns through trial and error, much like how students practice math problems. This self-improving capability allows it to outperform other models in certain areas. For instance, in a global math test, DeepSeek-R1 scored 79.8%, slightly higher than Open AI’s model. Additionally, a simplified version of R1 can run on low-cost computers, making it accessible to schools and small businesses, thereby democratizing AI technology. One of the most remarkable features of DeepSeek-R1 is its open-source nature. It is free to use and modify, encouraging global collaboration. On its first day online, over 19,000 programmers worldwide initiated projects to study and improve the model. A German scientist noted that experiments with R1 cost only 10 instead of $300 with other AI models. Even a top scientist from Meta, a leading U.S. tech company, praised R1, stating, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” The success of DeepSeek-R1 has raised concerns among U.S. tech giants. Meta, for example, has announced plans to invest an additional $65 billion in AI research to stay competitive. Experts believe that China is rapidly closing the gap in AI technology. A report in Nature magazine hailed R1 as a “big step forward”, emphasizing that smart ideas can outperform expensive tools. As one DeepSeek engineer said, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.” R1 exemplifies China’s commitment to making AI accessible and affordable for all. It sends a powerful message to the world: Great achievements stem from creativity and hard work, not just financial power. With R1, China has not only advanced AI technology but also inspired a global movement toward inclusive and innovative solutions. 8. What is the main advantage of DeepSeek-R1 compared to other AI models? A. It is more expensive to develop. B. It requires more computer chips. C. It is cost-effective and accessible. D. It relies on pre-prepared datasets. 9. What does “improves by itself” mean in the article? A. It copies answers from other AIs. B. It becomes better through practice. C. It needs programmers to fix mistakes. D. It only works with expensive tools. 10. What does the Nature magazine report say about DeepSeek-R1? A. It is a step backward in AI development. B. It is too complex for global collaboration. C. It proves that smart ideas can beat expensive tools. D. It is only useful for schools and small companies. 11. What message does DeepSeek-R1 send to the world? A. Great achievements require only money. B. U.S. tech companies are unbeatable. C. AI technology should remain exclusive. D. Innovation and hard work lead to great things. D In the field of higher education, where fairness and objectivity are considered essential, it’s easy to assume that factors such as the order of students’ surnames have no bearing on their academic performance. However, recent studies suggest that this assumption may not be entirely correct. Research from the University of Michigan, which examined over 30 million grading records, uncovered an unexpected pattern: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet generally receive higher grades than those with surnames placed later. This effect is particularly noticeable in large courses or classes where assignments are submitted electronically through platforms like Canvas, which automatically lists students in alphabetical order. Consequently, students whose surnames fall toward the end of the alphabet, such as those beginning with Y or Z, are more likely to receive lower grades than those whose names come earlier. This bias (偏见) is explained by a phenomenon known as “sequential grading bias”. It occurs when students are unintentionally advanced or disadvantaged based on the order in which their work is assessed. For example, applicants in a job interview who are interviewed later in the day may be rated more severely than those who are interviewed first. In academic settings, instructors often begin grading with the first papers in the list, which tend to be from students with surnames starting with letters like A or B. This gives those students a small advantage, as their work may be graded more favorably. However, when exams are graded in the opposite order, this prejudice can change, and the later submissions may receive better evaluations. To address this issue, educators and policymakers are urged to consider alternative grading methods that minimize the influence of alphabetical order. Ideas include randomizing the order in which papers are graded, using anonymous (匿名的) submissions, or encouraging more comprehensive evaluation practices that reduce the impact of initial impressions. By addressing these biases, educational institutions can create a fairer and welcoming environment where students’ academic achievements are judged only on their performance rather than their surnames’ position in the alphabet. 12. Why does the author mention Canvas in the study? A. To suggest Canvas could reduce grading biases. B. To explain how Canvas randomly assigns students. C. To show how Canvas’s alphabetical order affects grading. D. To interpret Canvas is the most effective in grading platforms. 13. What does “sequential grading bias” refer to? A. A grading system based on students’ performance. B. The effect of the order in grading students’ work. C. An intentional effort to grade papers in a certain order. D. The preference for grading early submissions more seriously. 14. How might the issue of alphabetical bias be addressed? A. By removing digital submission platforms like Canvas. B. By grading papers based on students' performance in class. C. By grading in random order or using anonymous submissions. D. By ensuring that only top-performing students are graded first. 15. What is the purpose in writing the article? A. To suggest larger courses. B. To explain grading systems. C. To recommend using Canvas. D. To discuss grading bias and solutions. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Robot bees, or mechanical bees, are machines designed to do the work of actual bees, like pollinating (给……授粉) plants, as well as monitoring the health of bee houses. ___16___ And as expected, many robot bee projects have been successful so far. One of the advantages of robot bees is that they are more productive than real bees. Farmers using robot bees can yield about 20 to 40 percent more crops than if they use commercial honey bees. Meanwhile, these robots are good at collecting and analyzing critical crop data along the way. ___17___ In this sense, robot bees have the potential to achieve a big economic impact. Robot bees can also act as wild pollinators in greenhouses, without requiring that the whole greenhouse be opened up to the actual wild. ___18___ These are closely monitored environments, so there is no need for pesticides (杀虫剂), offering robot bees a promising prospect as they are more se cure for food quality. ___19___ Unless they are given accurate commands to do it, robot bees likely won’t pollinate things like wildflowers the way bees do. As the whole food web is secured by having bees pollinate wildflowers, if you were to replace those bees, then the wildflower communities would start to break down, which would then impact other species like birds. And yet, we may not have much of a choice. The global population is expected to grow by 25 percent to about 10 billion people by 2050. To meet the demand, food production will need to increase greatly. So will the number of honey bees, which are already facing their own unique challenges in the face of habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change. ___20___ A. There is still a long way for robot bees to go. B. This enables growers to make better farming decisions. C. We may need the help of robot bees to ensure our survival. D. But the ways they are used are not environmentally friendly. E. However, robot bees could affect the given area’s biodiversity. F. They are used to increase productivity in the agriculture industry. G. That matters as greenhouses are becoming more popular than outdoor farms. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Failing Successfully Two years ago, I took part in a speech competition. It was a hard time for me when the judge ____21____ the winners. At last, the moment of truth came. I got the worst. After not being placed in the competition, I wanted to try again. I realized that finding the right topic was the most important part of the whole ____22____. It needs to be motivational and inspirational to the ____23____. So I reworked my speech, ____24____ a different topic and spending many hours preparing. Then I worked through the speech, line by line, word by word, making it ____25____ better. The next year I competed again, dividing my speech into two parts: my own experience and the common feelings about public speaking — how ____26____ it is, standing on a stage all alone, with everyone watching them. My speech ____27____ well and I was hoping to do that better. ____28____, my wish didn’t come true. The competition was so fierce and again I wasn’t ____29____. I was deeply disappointed, since I couldn’t accept the fact that I had failed twice in something. However, I knew that losing is ____30____ and part of life. One of the judges told me that my topic was good, but it needed to be better if I wanted to go any ____31____. He advised me to ____32____ my gestures and delivery. While I didn’t earn ____33____ in the competition, I discovered that I could fail successfully. Now, whenever I’m faced with a defeat, I ____34____ myself of what a famous person said, “The path was worn and slippery. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself that it’s a slip and not a ____35____.” 21. A. interviewed B. predicted C. observed D. announced 22. A. range B. condition C. system D. process 23. A. companion B. audience C. director D. author 24. A. reviewing B. supposing C. picking D. comparing 25. A. roll B. move C. expose D. flow 26. A. annoying B. surprising C. frightening D. confusing 27. A. went across B. went over C. went down D. went off 28. A. Angrily B. Sadly C. Strangely D. Eagerly 29. A. placed B. treated C. settled D. affected 30. A. difficult B. natural C. appropriate D. flexible 31. A. further B. harder C. happier D. stronger 32. A. assume B. reflect C. perfect D. acquire 33. A. awards B. profits C. comments D. qualities 34. A. allow B. inform C. accuse D. remind 35. A. fall B. push C. kick D. walk 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station ___36___(make)the universe’s first space-baked cookies. They are ___37___ very first kind of food to be baked in space from raw ingredients. The astronauts said ___38___(eat) freshly baked food will make them happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting ___39___(remind) of home. This will be important for astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars. Baking the space cookies once ___40___(think) extremely difficult. On Earth, cookies take about 20 minutes ___41___(bake) in an oven heated to 150 degrees Celsius(302 degrees Fahrenheit). That was not long enough in space. The first cookie came out ___42___(total) undercooked. The space bakers turned ___43___the oven’s temperature and baked the dough for ___44___(long)until they were successful. The fifth cookie they made took 130 minutes to bake. The space-baked cookies are now in a laboratory in Houston, Texas. Scientists will test them to see ____45____ they are safe to eat. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，上周你市博物馆举办了一场题为“遇见中国画Meet the Chinese Painting”的画展，请你为校英文报写一篇活动报道 ，内容包括： 1. 介绍画展；2.活动评价 注意： (1)写作词数为80词左右； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； A Chinese Painting Exhibition ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mr. Hopkins’ bookstore was a quiet island in the noisy stream of the modern city. For decades, it had been a shelter for book lovers. The wooden sign above the door, weathered but proud, read “Hopkins’ Books” in brick red. It had been a constant place where time moved slower with the first turn of a page. Now, it was closing. The news felt like a physical blow to David, a quiet college student who had grown up reading in the cozy corners of the shop. The smell of old paper was the smell of his childhood, witnessing his growth. He couldn’t imagine the street without its warm, inviting light. When the news spread throughout the entire neighborhood, worry was written all over everyone’s faces. The reason for the closure was a woman named Sarah Chen. Representing a large development company, she had made a generous offer to buy the building. She saw the space not for its shelves of stories, but for its potential as a trendy café, a profitable upgrade. To her, it was just business. Mr. Hopkins, now old and tired, felt defeated. “Maybe it’s time, David,” he sighed, his hand resting on a dusty copy of his favorite novel. “The world has moved on.” On the day of the final meeting, David arrived early, his backpack filled with items he had collected over the years from the store: a bookmark from his tenth birthday, a receipt from the first book he had bought with his own money, a photograph of himself and Mr. Hopkins taken during a summer reading program. He walked to the children’s section and drew a small, worn copy of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The cover was faded, the pages yellowed, but the spine still held strong. Sarah arrived precisely at 2:00 p.m. She wasted no time getting down to business, reviewing the contract with Mr. Hopkins. David watched from the sidelines, his heart pounding in his chest. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1: He couldn’t let this happen — not without trying to make his voice heard. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: A decision was made to combine a bookstore and a café in one project, and the construction began. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $