内容正文:
小升初英语总复习·数词(知识点梳理)
一、数词的定义
数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
二、基数词
1. 定义
基数词是表示数目多少的数词,如:one, two, three等。
2. 基数词的构成
(1)1-12:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
(2)13-19:以-teen结尾:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
(3)20-90整十:以-ty结尾:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
(4)21-99:整十加个位数,中间用连字符:twenty-one, thirty-five, ninety-nine
(5)101-999:几百and几十几:one hundred and one, three hundred and twenty-five
(6)1000以上:从右向左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读thousand,第二个读million,第三个读billion
例:1,234,567,890 → one billion, two hundred and thirty-four million, five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninety
3. 基数词的用法
(1)表示数量:I have three books. 我有三本书。
(2)表示编号:Lesson One 第一课, Room 302 302房间
(3)表示年份:in 2025 在2025年
(4)表示时间:at 7:30 在七点半
(5)表示年龄:at the age of ten 在十岁时
4. 易错点
(1)hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有具体数字时,不加-s。
例:two hundred(正确), two hundreds(错误)
(2)表示不确定的数目时,加-s和of:hundreds of 成百上千的, thousands of 成千上万的
(3)注意forty(四十)的拼写,不是fourty。
三、序数词
1. 定义
序数词是表示顺序先后的数词,如:first, second, third等。
2. 序数词的构成
(1)一般在基数词后加-th:four-fourth, six-sixth, seven-seventh
(2)特殊变化:one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth
(3)以-ty结尾的整十,变y为i加-eth:twenty-twentieth, thirty-thirtieth
(4)两位数或多位数,只把个位数变成序数词:twenty-first, one hundred and first
3. 序数词的用法
(1)表示顺序:the first lesson 第一课
(2)表示日期:June 1st 六月一日
(3)表示楼层:on the third floor 在三楼
4. 易错点
(1)序数词前一般要加the,但如果有物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,不加the。
例:my first time(正确), the my first time(错误)
(2)序数词前加a/an表示"又一、再一"。
例:a second time 再一次
四、时间的表达
1. 整点的表达
基数词 + o'clock:seven o'clock 七点钟
2. 顺读法
先读小时,再读分钟:7:30 → seven thirty
3. 逆读法
(1)分钟数小于等于30:分钟 + past + 小时:7:20 → twenty past seven
(2)分钟数大于30:(60-分钟) + to + (小时+1):7:40 → twenty to eight
(3)半小时用half:7:30 → half past seven
(4)一刻钟用quarter:7:15 → a quarter past seven; 7:45 → a quarter to eight
五、日期的表达
1. 年份的表达
(1)一般两位两位读:1990 → nineteen ninety
(2)整千年:2000 → two thousand
(3)2000年后的年份:2025 → two thousand and twenty-five 或 twenty twenty-five
2. 月份的表达
一月January, 二月February, 三月March, 四月April, 五月May, 六月June
七月July, 八月August, 九月September, 十月October, 十一月November, 十二月December
注意:月份首字母必须大写。
3. 日期的表达
(1)英式:日 + 月 + 年:1st June, 2025
(2)美式:月 + 日 + 年:June 1st, 2025
六、编号的表达
1. 事物名词 + 基数词
Lesson One 第一课, Class Three 三班, Grade Six 六年级
2. the + 序数词 + 事物名词
the first lesson 第一课, the third floor 三楼
3. 编号的缩写
1st = first, 2nd = second, 3rd = third, 4th = fourth, 5th = fifth...
七、分数、小数和百分数
1. 分数的表达
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时分母加-s。
例:1/3 → one third, 2/3 → two thirds, 1/2 → a half, 1/4 → a quarter
2. 小数的表达
小数点读point:0.5 → zero point five, 3.14 → three point one four
3. 百分数的表达
基数词 + percent:50% → fifty percent
八、常见考点
1. 基数词和序数词的区别及用法
2. hundred, thousand, million的用法
3. 时间和日期的表达
4. 编号的表达
5. 分数的表达
练习题
一、数词(共100分)
(一)单项选择(每题3分,共30分)
( ) 1. There are ______ students in our class.
A. fourty B. forty C. fourtieth
( ) 2. Sunday is the ______ day of a week.
A. first B. one C. once
( ) 3. There are ______ books in the library.
A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. hundreds
( ) 4. My birthday is on May ______.
A. five B. fifth C. fiveth
( ) 5. There are two ______ students in our school.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of
( ) 6. What time is it? It's ______ (7:15).
A. a quarter past seven B. a quarter to seven C. seven past quarter
( ) 7. He lives on the ______ floor.
A. nine B. ninth C. nineth
( ) 8. ______ people visited the museum yesterday.
A. Three hundreds B. Three hundred C. Hundred of
( ) 9. The film starts at ______ (8:30).
A. half past eight B. eight past half C. half to eight
( ) 10. This is my ______ time to visit Beijing.
A. two B. second C. the second
(二)写出下列数字的英文表达(每题2分,共20分)
1. 12 ________________
2. 20 ________________
3. 35 ________________
4. 100 ________________
5. 第一 ________________
6. 第五 ________________
7. 第十二 ________________
8. 第二十 ________________
9. 第三十五 ________________
10. 第一百 ________________
(三)用所给词的适当形式填空(每题3分,共30分)
1. There are ______ (twelfth) months in a year.
2. January is the ______ (one) month of the year.
3. I have ______ (third) books.
4. He lives on the ______ (five) floor.
5. There are ______ (hundred) of people in the park.
6. Today is his ______ (twelve) birthday.
7. There are two ______ (thousand) students in our school.
8. This is the ______ (three) time I have been here.
9. December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year.
10. ______ (thousand) of people come to visit the Great Wall every year.
(四)找出下列句子中的错误并改正(每题5分,共20分)
1. There are fourty students in our class.
______改为______
2. He lives in the five floor.
______改为______
3. There are three hundreds books in the library.
______改为______
4. This is my the first time to come here.
______改为______
参考答案
(一)1-5: BAABA 6-10: ABBAB
(二)
1. twelve 2. twenty 3. thirty-five 4. one hundred 5. first
6. fifth 7. twelfth 8. twentieth 9. thirty-fifth 10. one hundredth
(三)
1. twelve 2. first 3. three 4. fifth 5. hundreds
6. twelfth 7. thousand 8. third 9. twelfth 10. Thousands
(四)
1. fourty → forty 2. five → fifth 3. hundreds → hundred 4. 去掉the
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