内容正文:
小升初英语总复习·语篇语法填空(知识点梳理)
一、语篇语法填空的定义
语篇语法填空是一种综合性的题型,要求在理解短文的基础上,根据上下文和语法知识,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
二、考查内容
1. 词形变化
(1)名词:单复数、所有格
(2)代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
(3)形容词副词:原级、比较级、最高级
(4)动词:时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时等)、语态、非谓语动词
(5)数词:基数词、序数词
2. 虚词填空
(1)冠词:a, an, the
(2)介词:in, on, at, for, with, by等
(3)连词:and, but, or, so, because, if, when等
(4)代词:it, they, this, that等
三、解题技巧
1. 通读全文,理解大意
首先快速通读全文,了解文章的主题和大意,为填空做好准备。
2. 分析句子结构,判断词性
根据空白处所在句子的结构,判断需要填入什么词性的词。
(1)名词前一般用形容词或冠词修饰
(2)动词前后一般用副词修饰
(3)主语和宾语一般用名词或代词
(4)两个句子之间一般用连词连接
3. 根据语法规则,确定词形
如果是给出提示词的填空题,要根据语法规则变化词形。
(1)动词:注意时态、语态、主谓一致
(2)名词:注意单复数、所有格
(3)形容词副词:注意原级、比较级、最高级
4. 结合上下文,确定词义
根据上下文的语境和逻辑关系,确定填入的词义。
(1)注意前后文的照应关系
(2)注意逻辑关系(因果、转折、并列等)
(3)注意固定搭配和习惯用法
5. 复读全文,检查验证
填完所有空白后,再读一遍全文,检查语法是否正确、语义是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。
四、常考语法点
1. 时态
(1)一般现在时:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态
(2)一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
(3)一般将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态
(4)现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作
(5)现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
2. 非谓语动词
(1)动词不定式:to + 动词原形
(2)动名词:动词 + -ing
(3)分词:现在分词和过去分词
3. 名词
(1)可数名词的单复数变化
(2)不可数名词的用法
(3)名词所有格
4. 代词
(1)人称代词的主格和宾格
(2)物主代词的形容词性和名词性
(3)反身代词
5. 形容词和副词
(1)形容词和副词的区别
(2)比较级和最高级的构成和用法
6. 冠词
(1)不定冠词a/an的用法
(2)定冠词the的用法
(3)零冠词的用法
7. 介词
(1)时间介词:in, on, at, for, since等
(2)地点介词:in, on, at, under, over等
(3)方式介词:by, with, in等
8. 连词
(1)并列连词:and, but, or, so等
(2)从属连词:because, if, when, while等
五、常见固定搭配
1. 动词+介词
look at 看, listen to 听, wait for 等待, look for 寻找, think about 考虑
worry about 担心, talk about 谈论, agree with 同意, depend on 依靠, arrive at/in 到达
2. 动词+副词
put on 穿上, take off 脱下, turn on 打开, turn off 关掉, pick up 捡起
give up 放弃, look up 查阅, write down 写下, put up 张贴, take away 拿走
3. 形容词+介词
be good at 擅长, be interested in 对……感兴趣, be afraid of 害怕
be proud of 为……骄傲, be strict with 对……严格, be different from 与……不同
4. 名词+介词
the key to ……的答案/钥匙, the way to 去……的路, a photo of 一张……的照片
六、解题步骤总结
1. 通读全文,了解大意
2. 逐句分析,判断词性
3. 根据语法,变化词形
4. 结合语境,确定词义
5. 复读全文,检查验证
七、注意事项
1. 注意大小写:句首单词首字母要大写
2. 注意拼写:单词拼写要正确
3. 注意主谓一致:谓语动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致
4. 注意时态一致:全文时态要保持一致
5. 注意固定搭配:要牢记常见的固定搭配
练习题
一、语篇语法填空(共100分)
(一)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(每空5分,共50分)
My name is Li Ming. I am a student. I ____1____ (study) in No. 1 Middle School. I go to school from Monday to Friday. I usually get up ____2____ 6:30 in the morning. Then I have breakfast. I often eat bread and milk ____3____ breakfast.
My favorite subject is English. I think English is very ____4____ (interest). My English teacher is Miss Wang. She is ____5____ kind teacher. We all like ____6____ (she).
After school, I often play basketball with my friends. It's my favorite sport. I want ____7____ (be) a basketball player when I grow up.
On weekends, I usually go to the park with my family. We often have ____8____ good time there. Sometimes I help my mother ____9____ (do) housework. I am a good boy, ____10____ I?
1.________
2.________
3.________
4.________
5.________
6.________
7.________
8.________
9.________
10.________
(二)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(每空5分,共50分)
Last Sunday, I ____1____ (go) to the zoo with my parents. We ____2____ (see) many animals there. The pandas were very cute. They liked ____3____ (eat) bamboo. The monkeys were very funny. They jumped up and down.
We watched the elephant show. The elephants could ____4____ (play) basketball. They were very smart. We also saw some tigers. They were very strong and ____5____ (danger).
We ____6____ (take) many photos. We had lunch in a restaurant near the zoo. The food was delicious. We went home at 4:00 in the afternoon. We ____7____ (be) very tired but happy.
Next weekend, I ____8____ (visit) my grandparents. I miss ____9____ (they) very much. I will help them ____10____ the housework.
1.________
2.________
3.________
4.________
5.________
6.________
7.________
8.________
9.________
10.________
参考答案
(一)
1. study 2. at 3. for 4. interesting 5. a
6. her 7. to be 8. a 9. (to) do 10. aren't
(二)
1. went 2. saw 3. eating/to eat 4. play 5. dangerous
6. took 7. were 8. will visit/am going to visit 9. them 10. with
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$