内容正文:
衔接点10 简单句及主谓一致(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
初中展望
1. 掌握一般疑问句和常用的特殊疑问句
2. What/How的感叹句基本形式
3. There be句型及就近原则
1.6种简单句的基本句型
2. 陈述句的构成及用法
3. 疑问句的构成及用法
4. 祈使句的构成及用法
5. 由What/How引导的感叹句的用法及区别
衔接引导
小学阶段:小学阶段主要侧重认识六大基础简单句句型,直观区分单数主语、复数主语对应的 be 动词和实义动词形式,依靠主语单复数直观判断动词变化,仅接触基础主谓一致规则。题目以基础识记类题型为主,考点单一直白。
常见题型为:
①用所给单词的正确形式填空。
②选词填空。
③单项选择题。
④按要求改写简单句。
初中阶段:初中阶段要求熟练掌握六种简单句完整结构,系统梳理全套主谓一致规则(语法一致、意义一致、就近一致),能结合语境、特殊主语判断谓语动词形式,区分易混特殊主语,题型综合性更强,出题灵活且设置易错陷阱。主要的题型为:
①用所给单词的适当形式填空。
②单项选择题(侧重主谓一致易混辨析)。
③句型转换题。
④句子改错。
⑤短文填空、完形填空。
小学现在进行时考点梳理
考点一 简单句 6 大基本句型(小学必考基础)
1. 主谓(主语 + 不及物动词,无宾语)
动词本身意思完整,后面不用加东西,常加时间 / 地点副词。
例句:The bus is coming. 公交车来了。
拓展:Birds fly. 鸟儿飞翔。
2. 主系表(主语 + be / 感官动词 + 表语)
系动词:be (am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词 look/sound/smell/taste/feel
表语:名词、形容词
例句:My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是一名老师。
拓展:You look happy. 你看起来很开心。
3. 主谓宾(主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语)
动词后必须接动作对象(名词 / 代词)。
例句:She speaks English well. 她英语说得很好。
4. 主谓间宾直宾(双宾语:人 + 物)
结构:主语 + give/tell/show 等 + 人(间接宾语)+ 物(直接宾语)
例句:He gave me an apple. 他给了我一个苹果。
5. 主谓宾宾补(宾语 + 补充说明宾语)
宾语补足语多为形容词,用来描述宾语状态。
例句:I found the story interesting. 我觉得这个故事很有趣。
6. There be 存在句型
含义:某地 / 某时有某物 / 某人
例句:There is a cat in the room. 房间里有一只猫。
核心规则:就近原则,be 动词单复数看离它最近的名词。
例:There is a pen and two books. / There are two books and a pen.
考点二 陈述句(肯定句 + 否定句)
(一)肯定句 3 种结构
①主语 + be 动词 + 其他He is tall.
②主语 + 实义动词 + 其他I like apples.
③主语 + 情态动词 (can/may/must) + 动词原形 + 其他I can swim.
(二)否定句 3 种变形
①be 动词后直接加 not:主语 + be+not + 其他She is not late.
②实义动词加助动词 don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + 动词原形He doesn’t like milk.
③情态动词后加 not:主语 + 情态 + not + 动词原形I can’t jump high.
考点三 疑问句三类
1. 一般疑问句(用 Yes / No 回答)
变法:把 be / 情态 / 助动词提前
例:Is she a student? — Yes, she is.
Does he get up early? — No, he doesn’t.
2. 特殊疑问句(what/who/where/when/why/how 开头)
结构:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问语序
例:Where do you live? How old are you?
3. 选择疑问句(二选一回答,不用 Yes/No)
结构:一般问句 + or + 备选内容
例:Do you like tea or coffee? I like coffee.
考点四 祈使句(表命令、请求、建议)
分 3 类,全部省略主语 you:
①Do 型:动词原形开头Open the door. 开门。
②Be 型:Be + 形容词 / 名词 Be quiet. 安静。
③Let 型:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形Let me help you. 让我帮你。
否定:Don’t + 动词原形 / Let’s not…
考点五 感叹句(what /how 两种引导)
1. What 引导:修饰名词
公式:What (+a/an + 形容词) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
What a lovely day! 多美好的一天!
What great news it is! 多么棒的消息!(不可数名词不加 a/an)
2. How 引导:修饰形容词 / 副词
公式:How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How lovely it is today! 今天真美好!
How fast he runs! 他跑得好快!
考点六 主谓一致三大核心原则(小学重难点)
1. 语法一致原则(最基础)
主语单数 → 动词单数(is/does/ 动词 + s/es)
主语复数 → 动词复数(are/do/ 动词原形)
The cat likes fish.(单数主语,like 加 s)
The cats like fish.(复数主语,原形 like)
2. 意义一致原则(看实际人数,不看单词形式)
集合名词 family/class:表 “整体” 用单数;表 “所有人” 用复数
My family is big.(家,整体)
My family all like sports.(家人,个体)
不定代词 everyone/something/nobody 等,永远作单数
Everyone is here.
3. 就近一致原则(只考 There be /or/either…or…)
谓语动词单复数,只看离它最近的主语
There be 句型:
There is one desk and three chairs.
There are three chairs and one desk.
or 连接主语:You or your mum is wrong.
即学即练习
1.He ________ go to the zoo during the festival holiday.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.isn’t D.aren’t
2.Tom doesn’t ________ a tennis ball, but he ________ a basketball.
A.has; has B.has; have C.have; has D.have; have
3.—________ is the sports centre closed today?
—Here’s a notice. Let’s have a look.
A.Why B.How C.What D.Where
4.________ late for school again, Tom!
A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not be D.Be not
5.________ great fun it is to be with close friends in our free time!
A.What a B.How a C.What D.How
6.—It is clear today. Why not ________ a mountain?
—________ good.
A.climb; Sounds B.climbs; Sounds C.to climb; Sound D.climbing; Sounds
7.Sarah ________ kind to everyone.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
8.There ________ a football match in our school next week.
A.will have B.is C.will be D.has
易混易错
1.There be 不能和 have 同时使用,二者都表 “有”;
2.第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单个人名)一般现在时动词加 s/es;
3.感叹句区分:后面是名词用 what,只有形容词用 how;
4.否定句、疑问句中,实义动词必须变回原形;
5.主谓一致做题技巧:先找主语,再判断单复数,匹配动词。
解题方略
1.There be 和 have 二选一,绝不共存;表 “存在” 用 There be,表 “拥有” 用人 + have;
2.实义动词否定、疑问中,助动词后动词必须变回原形,三单 s 全部去掉;
3.感叹句先删主谓再判断 what/how,不用死记公式;
4.主谓一致先找真正主语,with、together with 连接的名词不影响主语单复数;
5.双宾语动词后用人称宾格(me/him/her),不用主格 I/he/she;
6.祈使句无主语,一律动词原形开头,不受单复数干扰。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择
1.He ________ sports. He only ________ them on TV.
A.doesn’t play; watches B.doesn’t play; watch
C.Not play; watches D.don’t play; watch
2.—__________ volleyball is this?
—It’s Tom’s.
A.Which B.Who C.Whose D.Whom
3.—Is Mr Hu your English teacher?
—________. He teaches us very well.
A.Yes, he isn’t B.No, he is C.Yes, he is. D.No, he isn’t
4.—Does your mother have black hair or brown hair?
—________
A.She has black hair. B.Yes, she does.
C.Yes, she has black hair. D.No, she has brown hair.
5.________ smoking here. Can’t you see the sign?
A.Not B.Don’t C.No D.Not any
6.________ the window. It’s too cold outside.
A.Closing B.Closed C.To close D.Close
7.Be quick, ________ you will miss the plane.
A.and B.then C.or D.that
8.________ enjoyable trip we had last week! We really had fun.
A.What a B.What an C.What D.How
9.Which is the pattern (句型) of the sentence “Wendy always helps me.”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+C D.V+O
10.There ________ a very interesting talk show about Chinese history at seven tonight.
A.is going to be B.will have C.will D.is going to
二、完形填空
In a small village there lives a kind boy named Leo. He has a great 11 for animals.
One rainy afternoon, Leo walks home from school. On the way, he hears a small weak sound. He 12 the sound and finds a little dog in the corner. The dog looks very 13 . Leo picks him up and puts his jacket around the dog.
14 Leo gets home, he gives the dog some food and makes a bed for him. In the next few days, Leo 15 the dog. The dog grows healthy and strong day by day. Leo names him Buddy and soon they are 16 friends.
One day, Leo plays outside 17 Buddy. Buddy suddenly barks (吠叫) and runs to the 18 . Buddy sees a little child standing in the middle of the street, and a car comes. Buddy runs out to 19 the child. The child’s parents see this and come over to 20 Buddy.
The story tells us that love is a circle. The love we give to animals always finds its way back to us.
11.A.time B.wish C.love D.need
12.A.leaves B.celebrates C.breaks D.follows
13.A.funny B.cold C.busy D.tidy
14.A.Why B.When C.What D.Where
15.A.listens to B.makes full use of
C.prepares for D.takes good care of
16.A.huge B.different C.close D.meaningful
17.A.for B.with C.on D.off
18.A.shop B.street C.school D.hospital
19.A.save B.visit C.greet D.carry
20.A.thank B.choose C.share D.keep
三、补全对话
阅读下面对话,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案完成对话。
A: The school welcome party is coming, Lisa. Let’s go shopping for it this afternoon!
B: Great idea!
A: We need some nice lights, small toys and snacks.
B: OK. Look, there’s a party shop over there!
[At the shop.]
A: Wow, these lights look really good.
B: I like the warm yellow and light pink ones. They’ll make the party so nice and warm.
A: Good choice. How many should we buy?
B:
A: That should be enough. And what snacks should we get?
B:
A: That sounds great. Oh, the price of cakes is a little high.
B: Sure. Let’s go!
21.A.When is the party? B.Who is your class teacher?
C.Where is your home? D.What do we need to buy?
22.A.Where is he from? B.Who will buy them?
C.What colour do you like? D.Are they big or small?
23.A.We need about twenty. B.I don’t like cakes.
C.He is 14 years old. D.They are very beautiful.
24.A.How long do you study? B.How about cakes and juice?
C.Who will come to the party? D.How old are you?
25.A.We can take some candies. B.I want to sing a song.
C.I like taking photos. D.Let’s play basketball together.
【培优提升】
四、选词填空
teaches; well; interesting; the; using; for; friends; and; Why; a; everything
I’m a lazy boy. I always spend most of my time 26 mobile phones and playing computer games. My parents often say, “ 27 not go out to play sports with your friends?” One day when I try playing basketball in the neighborhood (社区), I find it’s really 28 and fall in love with the sport.
I start playing basketball with my friends. We often meet up after school and play together 29 hours. I also join the basketball club 30 it really helps improve (提高) my skills.
Playing sports not only helps me stay healthy, but also 31 me some important things such as teamwork (团队合作). I learn that winning is not 32 . It’s more important to respect each other and enjoy the sport.
Thanks to basketball, I begin to feel more confident (自信的) and make more 33 . I can also focus on learning and do 34 in class. Playing sports makes 35 good change to my life. I will keep active and healthy and try my best to live a meaningful life.
五、短文填空
I’m Bob. My uncle 36 (have) a beautiful farm with many 37 (kind) of animals and plants. He has two cute little pigs. The pigs run around the farm happily. He also has some 38 (chicken). They lay fresh eggs (下新鲜的蛋) every day. My uncle says eggs 39 (be) healthy food. He has eggs every morning. Look! Some cows are eating grass there. Let 40 (I) count. Oh, thirteen cows. My uncle milks (挤奶) the cows every day. And then he sells the milk in the market.
There are also many vegetable and fruit plants 41 the farm, like tomato and orange 42 (plant). My uncle is very hard-working (辛勤的) and takes care of the animals and plants carefully (仔细地). He feeds the animals and waters the plants. He also teaches me the farm work. I feel happy and relaxed here. It is 43 great place to play and learn. I love my 44 (uncle) farm. It is cute and 45 (fun) for me.
初中现在进行时考点梳理
考点一 英语6种基本句型
一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
二、英语6种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S+V(主+谓)
基本句型二: S+V+P(主+系+表)
基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型六: there be句型
基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:
动作本身已完整,不需要宾语。
谓语动词为不及物动词。
例1. The sun rises. (rise-rose-risen 是vi,不能带O.)
例2. My brother works in a bank.
例3. The car stopped.
例4. They first met at the age of 20.
基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)
此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类:
(1)表示状态的系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The lunch smells good.
基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词(词组)叫做及物动词(词组)。
谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
例1.Who knows the answer?
例2.She laugh at her.
例3.He understands English.
例4.He made cakes.
例5.They ate some apples.
易错题型 1 :只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有:
suggest,advise,stop,resist,enjoy,imagine,finish,admit, excuse,delay,practise, consider, keep,mind, understand,avoid,miss,risk ,succeed in,be busy,be worth,be used to,give up,look
forward to
易错提醒 2 :带 to do 做宾语的动词有:
offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help,prepare,decide, determine,refuse, dare,manage,wish, hope, want, expect, fail,pretend,choose, seem,agree, etc.
基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。
注意:有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。
★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand, play等。
★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。
1. He gave me a book/a book to me.
2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
3. He’s warned me of the danger. (特殊例子——直宾前加介词,只有这一种形式,不能对调)
基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型句子的共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
1. We keep the table clean.
2. Bill ordered him to leave.
基本句型六:There be句型
例1. There is a book on the desk.
例2. I think there is a problem with the engine.
结构和含义
There be句型也叫存现句。be动词必须和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循“就近原则”,be动词也有时态上的变化。
结构: There be + 主语 + 地点状语
含义:在某地或某时有某人或某物”,强调的是存在的关系。
例如:
1. There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
2. There are some students in the classroom.(教室里有一些学生。)
be 动词的选择
当主语是可数名词单数或者不可数名词时,be 动词用 is。
There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。)“water” 是不可数名词,所以用 is。
There is a dog in the yard.(院子里有一只狗。)“a dog” 是可数名词单数,用 is。
当主语是可数名词复数时,be 动词用 are。
There are many trees in the park.(公园里有许多树。)“many trees” 是可数名词复数,用 are。
考点二 疑问句
疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
(1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher?
(2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to school?
(3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a ping-pong bat?
2.特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?
特殊疑
问词
who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置
特殊疑
问词组
how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点)
3.选择疑问句
(1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:
-Is he tall or short?
-He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height.
(2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:
-Which season do you like better,summer or winter?
-I like winter better.
考点三 祈使句
祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。其具体结构如下:
类型
肯定结构及例句
否定结构及例句
Do型
动词原形+其他:Open the door.
Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型
Be+表语:Be quiet!
Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try.
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.
Never型
——
Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.
No型
——
No+名词/动名词:No parking!
【拓展】
1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如:
-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.
-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.
2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如:
Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。
考点四 感叹句
感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。
1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词)
①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如:
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊!
2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词)
①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩!
③How+主语+谓语!如:
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
考点五 There be句型
1.There be句型的结构及用法
结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。
用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如:
There is a pen and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.
2.There be句型的不同句式
肯定句式:There be+主语+地点/时间状语。如: There is some water in the glass.
否定句式:There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语。如:There isn’t any water in the glass.
一般疑问句:Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语?如:Is there any water in the glass?
特殊疑问句:对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room?
对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer?
对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?如:How much water is there in the glass?
3.常见含There be的句型
There is a lot to see/to do/to finish.
4.There be 句型和have的区别
(1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关系。如:
There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。
There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以上的解法。
(2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如:
Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的街角有一家大餐馆。
考点六 主谓一致
主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数)
谓语动词
用单数
谓语动词用复数
【特殊情况】
1.主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的数。如:
The woman with two children is her aunt.
All the students except Li Hua have seen the film.
The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year.
My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai.
2.a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如:
Lots of money is needed for the project.
3.名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一致。如:
This pair of trousers is a little expensive.
Three kinds of cake are provided.
2.意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数)
①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成员,用复数。如:
Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。
Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。
②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are running after the thief.
③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The sick need to be looked after.
The Greens enjoy working in China.
④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
More than three weeks has passed since we came here.
⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
More than one student agrees on the plan.
3.就近一致原则
由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如:
Not only Jim but also his parents are coming.
Neither you nor I am going there.
典例示范
1.—Did they play games yesterday?
—________. They played basketball.
A.Yes, they did B.No, they didn’t C.Yes, they do D.No, they don’t
2.—________ is the black jacket?
—It’s 88 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.How old D.How about
3.________ run in the hallways. It’s dangerous.
A.Not B.Don’t C.No D.Doesn’t
4.________ interesting the cycling trip is!
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
5.The basic sentence structure of “The temperature drops.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
6.Dad sent us gifts from Japan. 此句句子结构是________。
A.主语+系动词+表语
B.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
C.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
即学即练习
1.—Excuse me, sir. I’m afraid you can’t park here. This is a non-parking area.
—Oh, sorry. I ________ the sign.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.didn’t saw D.saw
2.My brother ________ a ping-pong, but I ________.
A.doesn’t have; do B.don’t have; has C.doesn’t have; am D.don’t have; do
3.—Tom, do you want to join the art club or the chess club?
—________. I like drawing pictures.
A.Yes, I do B.The art club C.No, I don’t D.The chess club
4.________ beautiful natural scenery it is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
5.There ________ some flowers in our classroom. We should water them every day.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
6.The sentence structure of “I often hear him read books in the morning.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+O+O
易混易错
1.系动词后只用形容词,实义动词用副词修饰,永远不混用;
2.不及物动词后无宾语,接名词必须搭配固定介词;
3.There be 绝对不和 have/has/will have 连用;
4.with/together with 不改变主语单复数,谓语跟随最前面主语;
5.不定代词 everyone/something 一律作单数主语;
6.pair 类名词:谓语单复数由 pair 决定,不由 trousers/shoes 决定;
7.被动语态中 make/see/hear 后的不定式必须还原 to;
8.I think 否定要前移,不能否定从句;
9.集合名词分 “整体单数、成员复数”;
10.就近一致只用于 there be、or、either…or、neither…nor。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择
1.Peter ________ a ping-pong ball, but Linda ________.
A.don’t has; has B.doesn’t has; have C.doesn’t have; does D.don’t have; do
2.— ________ everyone in your family ________ Mid-Autumn Festival?
—Yes, of course.
A.Do, like B.Is, like C.Does, like D.Are, like
3.—________ kilos of meat do you want?
—Two. ________ should I pay you?
A. How much; How much B.How many; How many
C.How many; How much D.How much; How many
4.— Hey, John!________ news do you know about the English club activities next week?
— There ________a singing match and an English book market.
A.How much; is B.How many; are
C.How much; will be D.How many; will have
5.—________ would you like to buy for your family, Nanjing Salted Duck or Yuhua Tea?
—Yuhua Tea. All of my family members love drinking tea.
A.Which B.Where C.What D.When
6.________. It’s time for class. Let’s ________ English!
A.Don’t talk; read B.Don’t talk; reading C.Doesn’t talk; read D.Doesn’t talk; reading
7.________ exciting it is to explore the mountains on a bike!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
8.It’s rainy today. The ________ of the rain ________ a nice song.
A.sound; is like B.sound; likes C.voice; is like D.voice; likes
9.The sentence structure of “My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
10.The sentence structure of “The students all showed us their creative models.” is “________”.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+O+O
二、完成句子
11.成立一个写作小组怎么样?咱们星期三午饭后在这儿见。
________ starting a writing group? Let’s meet here on Wednesday after lunch.
12.这些单词很重要,请把它们写下来。
These words are important, please ________ ________ ________.
13.不要熬夜, 否则第二天你会困的。
________, or you will feel sleepy the next day.
14.你需要多少千克牛肉?
_______ _______ _______ of _______ _______ you need?
15.多么精彩的表演啊!我真的很喜欢它。
________ ________ ________ ________ ! I really enjoy it.
16.你想喝点什么,果汁还是来点别的?
What ________ you like to drink, juice ________ something else?
17.请带我参观一下你的学校。
Please ________ your school.
18.你还能在农场看到什么其它东西?
________ ________ can you see on the farm?
19.鸽子能在镜子里认出自己。多么令人惊讶!
Pigeons can recognise themselves in mirrors. ________!
20.你建议朋友这周末和你一起去远足,可以这样表达:
Why not _________________________________ this weekend?
三、完形填空
Tony is always complaining (抱怨). Every day there is something he 21 .
“ wish it wasn’t raining,” he said one rainy day. “I want to play football 22 I can’t because of the rain.”
The next day he complained about the 23 again. This time it was too hot. “I wish it wasn’t so hot,” he said. “It’s too hot to do anything. I just want to 24 and sleep.”
Tony’s food is 25 right.
“I wish we could have beef for dinner,” he said one evening when his mother cooked chicken. “I don’t like 26 .”
The next day his mother made beef with tomatoes. “I don’t like the beef you 27 in this way,” Tony said. “I wish it was beef with potatoes.”
The TV programmes are also always 28 for Tony. “I wish there was a(n) 29 programme,” he said one evening. “I love football. I don’t like these old films.”
“You are always wishing for something different,” his mother said to him. “Why don’t you 30 me what I’m wishing for?”
21.A.enjoys B.needs C.dislikes D.borrows
22.A.and B.but C.so D.or
23.A.weather B.food C.clothes D.homework
24.A.dress up B.take a look C.get up D.lie down
25.A.never B.sometimes C.often D.always
26.A.beef B.pork C.chicken D.fish
27.A.bought B.painted C.designed D.cooked
28.A.good B.right C.wrong D.important
29.A.news B.animal C.music D.sports
30.A.tell B.ask C.show D.thank
【培优提升】
四、语法选择
阅读下面短文,从短文后各小题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hello, I am David. This is a picture of my friend Lucy and me. Lucy is 13 years old. Look at our classroom. There 31 a map of the world and some pictures on the wall. The pictures are very beautiful. I have some books about animals. I like reading 32 after class. Lucy has a brother. 33 name is Tom. Tom is good at playing 34 basketball. He often helps me 35 sports. On Sundays, I usually spend an hour 36 English. Lucy sings really 37 . She has many 38 . In her room, there 39 some flowers and a guitar. I often listen to 40 . We are good friends.
31.A.is B.are C.have D.has
32.A.it B.they C.them D.its
33.A.My B.Her C.His D.Its
34.A.an B.the C./ D.a
35.A.with B.to C.in D.on
36.A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading
37.A.well B.good C.fun D.amazing
38.A.songbook B.songbooks C.a songbook D.the songbook
39.A.is B.are C.have D.has
40.A.she B.her C.he D.him
五、选词填空
将下列单词的适当形式填入空格。每词只能填一次。
and with help she answer magic together problem fun count
Mr Green is a maths teacher at Star Primary School. He loves making maths 41 for his students. One afternoon, he walks into the classroom happily.
“Let’s have a classroom treasure hunt (寻宝)!” Mr Green says. “Three clues (线索) can 42 you find the treasure. Clue 1 is on the bookcase. Answer the problem there, 43 it will tell you where Clue 2 is!”
The students run to the bookcase and find a problem: “5 red pencils + 3 blue pencils = ?” Lily 44 her fingers (手指) and says, “8!” She sees the number “8” next to the window. “Clue 2 is by the window!” she says.
The students then run to the window. A 45 waits there: “10 oranges - 7 oranges = ?” Sam answers, “3!” Then they look around and find the number “3” on the teacher’s desk!
On Mr Green’s desk, the students see the last problem: “Multiply (乘) your two 46 and get a new number. Find the desk with that number!” They answer 47 , “8 × 3 = 24!”
“Linda’s desk has ‘24’!” Amy calls. The students run over and find a box of star badges (徽章) under 48 desk.
“Maths feels like 49 !” Mia laughs.
From that day on, the students fall in love 50 maths—every answer brings them more fun.
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My name is Emma Miller. I come from the UK, but I live in China 51 my family. There are six people in my family. Look! There are two nice photos of my family.
Look! They are my parents, Fred and Tina. My mother is a teacher. She is beautiful 52 kind. She teaches English in a middle school. All her students like 53 (she) very much. My father is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. 54 (do) he like sports? Yes, he likes sports very much. He plays tennis 55 (real) well. This tall girl is me. I am always happy. I have a sister. She is in the middle. Her name is Ella Miller. We are in the same school. She has many 56 (hobby), such as drawing, singing and swimming.
My grandparents are in the next photo. They have three children. My grandfather and grandmother 57 (be) nice to us. My grandmother often cooks delicious food for us. Those fishing rods are my grandfather’s. He often spends a lot of time 58 (fish). Look at this boy. He is my cousin. He is handsome and clever. His 59 (one) name is Yaming, and his last name is Wang. He comes from Taiwan, China. Now he lives in Linyi. He has a pet dog. It is lovely. We all like Chinese food and Chinese people very much. Would you like 60 (make) friends with us?
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$衔接点10 简单句及主谓一致(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
初中展望
1. 掌握一般疑问句和常用的特殊疑问句
2. What/How的感叹句基本形式
3. There be句型及就近原则
1.6种简单句的基本句型
2. 陈述句的构成及用法
3. 疑问句的构成及用法
4. 祈使句的构成及用法
5. 由What/How引导的感叹句的用法及区别
衔接引导
小学阶段:小学阶段主要侧重认识六大基础简单句句型,直观区分单数主语、复数主语对应的 be 动词和实义动词形式,依靠主语单复数直观判断动词变化,仅接触基础主谓一致规则。题目以基础识记类题型为主,考点单一直白。
常见题型为:
①用所给单词的正确形式填空。
②选词填空。
③单项选择题。
④按要求改写简单句。
初中阶段:初中阶段要求熟练掌握六种简单句完整结构,系统梳理全套主谓一致规则(语法一致、意义一致、就近一致),能结合语境、特殊主语判断谓语动词形式,区分易混特殊主语,题型综合性更强,出题灵活且设置易错陷阱。主要的题型为:
①用所给单词的适当形式填空。
②单项选择题(侧重主谓一致易混辨析)。
③句型转换题。
④句子改错。
⑤短文填空、完形填空。
小学现在进行时考点梳理
考点一 简单句 6 大基本句型(小学必考基础)
1. 主谓(主语 + 不及物动词,无宾语)
动词本身意思完整,后面不用加东西,常加时间 / 地点副词。
例句:The bus is coming. 公交车来了。
拓展:Birds fly. 鸟儿飞翔。
2. 主系表(主语 + be / 感官动词 + 表语)
系动词:be (am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词 look/sound/smell/taste/feel
表语:名词、形容词
例句:My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是一名老师。
拓展:You look happy. 你看起来很开心。
3. 主谓宾(主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语)
动词后必须接动作对象(名词 / 代词)。
例句:She speaks English well. 她英语说得很好。
4. 主谓间宾直宾(双宾语:人 + 物)
结构:主语 + give/tell/show 等 + 人(间接宾语)+ 物(直接宾语)
例句:He gave me an apple. 他给了我一个苹果。
5. 主谓宾宾补(宾语 + 补充说明宾语)
宾语补足语多为形容词,用来描述宾语状态。
例句:I found the story interesting. 我觉得这个故事很有趣。
6. There be 存在句型
含义:某地 / 某时有某物 / 某人
例句:There is a cat in the room. 房间里有一只猫。
核心规则:就近原则,be 动词单复数看离它最近的名词。
例:There is a pen and two books. / There are two books and a pen.
考点二 陈述句(肯定句 + 否定句)
(一)肯定句 3 种结构
①主语 + be 动词 + 其他He is tall.
②主语 + 实义动词 + 其他I like apples.
③主语 + 情态动词 (can/may/must) + 动词原形 + 其他I can swim.
(二)否定句 3 种变形
①be 动词后直接加 not:主语 + be+not + 其他She is not late.
②实义动词加助动词 don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + 动词原形He doesn’t like milk.
③情态动词后加 not:主语 + 情态 + not + 动词原形I can’t jump high.
考点三 疑问句三类
1. 一般疑问句(用 Yes / No 回答)
变法:把 be / 情态 / 助动词提前
例:Is she a student? — Yes, she is.
Does he get up early? — No, he doesn’t.
2. 特殊疑问句(what/who/where/when/why/how 开头)
结构:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问语序
例:Where do you live? How old are you?
3. 选择疑问句(二选一回答,不用 Yes/No)
结构:一般问句 + or + 备选内容
例:Do you like tea or coffee? I like coffee.
考点四 祈使句(表命令、请求、建议)
分 3 类,全部省略主语 you:
①Do 型:动词原形开头Open the door. 开门。
②Be 型:Be + 形容词 / 名词 Be quiet. 安静。
③Let 型:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形Let me help you. 让我帮你。
否定:Don’t + 动词原形 / Let’s not…
考点五 感叹句(what /how 两种引导)
1. What 引导:修饰名词
公式:What (+a/an + 形容词) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
What a lovely day! 多美好的一天!
What great news it is! 多么棒的消息!(不可数名词不加 a/an)
2. How 引导:修饰形容词 / 副词
公式:How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
How lovely it is today! 今天真美好!
How fast he runs! 他跑得好快!
考点六 主谓一致三大核心原则(小学重难点)
1. 语法一致原则(最基础)
主语单数 → 动词单数(is/does/ 动词 + s/es)
主语复数 → 动词复数(are/do/ 动词原形)
The cat likes fish.(单数主语,like 加 s)
The cats like fish.(复数主语,原形 like)
2. 意义一致原则(看实际人数,不看单词形式)
集合名词 family/class:表 “整体” 用单数;表 “所有人” 用复数
My family is big.(家,整体)
My family all like sports.(家人,个体)
不定代词 everyone/something/nobody 等,永远作单数
Everyone is here.
3. 就近一致原则(只考 There be /or/either…or…)
谓语动词单复数,只看离它最近的主语
There be 句型:
There is one desk and three chairs.
There are three chairs and one desk.
or 连接主语:You or your mum is wrong.
即学即练习
1.He ________ go to the zoo during the festival holiday.
A.don’t B.doesn’t C.isn’t D.aren’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他在节日假期不去动物园。 don’t(用于非第三人称单数主语的否定);doesn’t(用于第三人称单数主语的否定,后接动词原形);isn’t(be动词否定,后接形容词或名词);aren’t(be动词复数否定)。根据主语“He”为第三人称单数,且谓语动词“go”为实义动词原形,其否定形式需借助助动词doesn’t,doesn’t符合语法规则及语境。
2.Tom doesn’t ________ a tennis ball, but he ________ a basketball.
A.has; has B.has; have C.have; has D.have; have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆没有网球,但他有一个篮球。has有,动词单三形式,主语是第三人称单数;have有,动词原形,主语是第一人称、第二人称或第三人称复数。前半句为否定句,助动词doesn’t后第一空用动词原形have;后半句主语为he,是第三人称单数,第二空应用has。
3.—________ is the sports centre closed today?
—Here’s a notice. Let’s have a look.
A.Why B.How C.What D.Where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——为什么今天体育中心关门了? ——这儿有个通知。我们看看吧。why为什么;how如何;what什么;where哪里。根据答句“Here’s a notice. Let’s have a look.”可知,问句是在询问体育中心关门的原因,应填why。
4.________ late for school again, Tom!
A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not be D.Be not
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆,上学不要再迟到了!late是形容词,前面需要系动词be构成系表结构。祈使句的否定形式通常在动词原形前加Don’t。因此,正确的结构是Don’t be late。应填Don’t be。
5.________ great fun it is to be with close friends in our free time!
A.What a B.How a C.What D.How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在空闲时间和亲密朋友在一起是多么有趣啊!中心词fun是不可数名词,应用What引导感叹句,结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓”,不可数名词前不加冠词a/an。
6.—It is clear today. Why not ________ a mountain?
—________ good.
A.climb; Sounds B.climbs; Sounds C.to climb; Sound D.climbing; Sounds
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——今天天气晴朗。为什么不去爬山呢? ——听起来不错。Why not+do…?表示“为什么不做某事呢?”用于提建议,因此这里需要用动词原形climb。答语是省略句,完整表达为It/That sounds good,此处主语省略了第三人称单数,一般现在时中谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式Sounds。应用climb;Sounds。
7.Sarah ________ kind to everyone.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:莎拉对每个人都很友善。is是,主语应是第三人称单数形式;are是,主语应是第二人称或复数形式;has有,主语应是第三人称单数;have有,主语应是第一、二人称或复数形式。主语Sarah是第三人称单数,且kind是形容词,前面应用系动词is。
8.There ________ a football match in our school next week.
A.will have B.is C.will be D.has
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下周在我们学校将有一场足球比赛。此句为there be句型,表示“存在”,不能与have/has连用;根据时间状语“next week” 可知,句子要用一般将来时,结构为there will be。空处填will be。
易混易错
1.There be 不能和 have 同时使用,二者都表 “有”;
2.第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单个人名)一般现在时动词加 s/es;
3.感叹句区分:后面是名词用 what,只有形容词用 how;
4.否定句、疑问句中,实义动词必须变回原形;
5.主谓一致做题技巧:先找主语,再判断单复数,匹配动词。
解题方略
1.There be 和 have 二选一,绝不共存;表 “存在” 用 There be,表 “拥有” 用人 + have;
2.实义动词否定、疑问中,助动词后动词必须变回原形,三单 s 全部去掉;
3.感叹句先删主谓再判断 what/how,不用死记公式;
4.主谓一致先找真正主语,with、together with 连接的名词不影响主语单复数;
5.双宾语动词后用人称宾格(me/him/her),不用主格 I/he/she;
6.祈使句无主语,一律动词原形开头,不受单复数干扰。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择
1.He ________ sports. He only ________ them on TV.
A.doesn’t play; watches B.doesn’t play; watch
C.Not play; watches D.don’t play; watch
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他不做运动。他只在电视上看它们。句子描述的是客观事实,时态用一般现在时,第一个空,主语He是第三人称单数,否定形式用doesn’t play;第二个空,主语He是第三人称单数,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式watches。
2.—__________ volleyball is this?
—It’s Tom’s.
A.Which B.Who C.Whose D.Whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这是谁的排球? ——它是汤姆的。Which哪一个;Who谁;Whose谁的;Whom谁(宾格)。根据答句“It’s Tom’s”可知,此处询问所属关系,表示“谁的排球”,应填Whose。
3.—Is Mr Hu your English teacher?
—________. He teaches us very well.
A.Yes, he isn’t B.No, he is C.Yes, he is. D.No, he isn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——胡先生是你的英语老师吗?——是的,他是。他教我们教得很好。
根据答句后半句“He teaches us very well.”说明胡老师确实是英语老师,做肯定回答Yes, he is.;A、B回答格式本身自相矛盾,D是否定回答,均排除。
4.—Does your mother have black hair or brown hair?
—________
A.She has black hair. B.Yes, she does.
C.Yes, she has black hair. D.No, she has brown hair.
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你妈妈是黑头发还是棕色头发?——她是黑头发。问句中含有or,属于选择疑问句,不能用Yes或No回答,应直接选择其中一项或陈述事实。
5.________ smoking here. Can’t you see the sign?
A.Not B.Don’t C.No D.Not any
【答案】C
【详解】句意:此处禁止吸烟。难道你没看到标志吗?Not不;Don’t不要;No禁止/不要(用于提醒标志);Not any没有任何。根据后句“Can’t you see the sign”可知,标志上通常用“No + 动名词”表示“禁止做某事”,No smoking是固定用法,应填No。
6.________ the window. It’s too cold outside.
A.Closing B.Closed C.To close D.Close
【答案】D
【详解】句意:关上窗户。外面太冷了。Closing动名词或现在分词;Closed过去式或过去分词;To close动词不定式;Close动词原形。根据“...the window.”可知,本句是肯定的祈使句,以动词原形开头。
7.Be quick, ________ you will miss the plane.
A.and B.then C.or D.that
【答案】C
【详解】句意:快点,否则你会错过飞机。and和,并且;then然后;or或者,否则;that那个。根据“Be quick”和“you will miss the plane”可知,前句是祈使句,后句是不执行前句动作的后果,表示“否则”,构成“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。应选or。
8.________ enjoyable trip we had last week! We really had fun.
A.What a B.What an C.What D.How
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上周我们度过了一次多么愉快的旅行啊!我们真的很开心。What a多么(用于可数名词单数,辅音音素前);What an多么(用于可数名词单数,元音音素前);What多么(用于不可数名词或复数名词);How多么(用于形容词或副词)。根据题干“enjoyable trip”可知,trip是可数名词单数,enjoyable以元音音素开头,感叹句结构为What an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语,应填What an。
9.Which is the pattern (句型) of the sentence “Wendy always helps me.”?
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+C D.V+O
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下列哪一项是“温迪总是帮助我”这句话的句型结构?考查基本句型结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+C主语+系动词+表语;V+O谓语+宾语。根据“Wendy always helps me.”可知,Wendy为句子的主语,helps“帮助”,谓语动词;me“我”,宾语。故选B。
10.There ________ a very interesting talk show about Chinese history at seven tonight.
A.is going to be B.will have C.will D.is going to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今晚七点将有一个关于中国历史的非常有趣的脱口秀节目。根据“at seven tonight”可知,句子时态是一般将来时,there be句型的一般将来时结构是“there will be/there is(或are) going to be”;主语“a very interesting talk show”是单数,be动词用is,所以应是is going to be。
二、完形填空
In a small village there lives a kind boy named Leo. He has a great 11 for animals.
One rainy afternoon, Leo walks home from school. On the way, he hears a small weak sound. He 12 the sound and finds a little dog in the corner. The dog looks very 13 . Leo picks him up and puts his jacket around the dog.
14 Leo gets home, he gives the dog some food and makes a bed for him. In the next few days, Leo 15 the dog. The dog grows healthy and strong day by day. Leo names him Buddy and soon they are 16 friends.
One day, Leo plays outside 17 Buddy. Buddy suddenly barks (吠叫) and runs to the 18 . Buddy sees a little child standing in the middle of the street, and a car comes. Buddy runs out to 19 the child. The child’s parents see this and come over to 20 Buddy.
The story tells us that love is a circle. The love we give to animals always finds its way back to us.
11.A.time B.wish C.love D.need
12.A.leaves B.celebrates C.breaks D.follows
13.A.funny B.cold C.busy D.tidy
14.A.Why B.When C.What D.Where
15.A.listens to B.makes full use of
C.prepares for D.takes good care of
16.A.huge B.different C.close D.meaningful
17.A.for B.with C.on D.off
18.A.shop B.street C.school D.hospital
19.A.save B.visit C.greet D.carry
20.A.thank B.choose C.share D.keep
【答案】
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.A
【导语】本文讲述了男孩Leo救助并悉心照顾流浪小狗Buddy,后来Buddy反过来保护了小孩的故事,诠释了爱的循环。
【详解】11.句意:他非常喜爱动物。
结合原文“In a small village there lives a kind boy named Leo. He has a great…for animals.”,后文Leo救助小狗的行为体现了他对动物的喜爱,固定搭配“have a great love for”表示“非常喜爱……”,应选用love。time“时间”、wish“愿望”、need“需要”均不符合语境。
12.句意:他循着声音,在角落里发现了一只小狗。
结合原文“On the way, he hears a small weak sound. He…the sound and finds a little dog in the corner.”,Leo听到声音后,顺着声音找过去,应选用follows。leaves“离开”、celebrates“庆祝”、breaks“打破”均不符合语境。
13.句意:这只狗看起来很冷。
结合前文“It’s a rainy afternoon”和后文“Leo picks him up and puts his jacket around the dog.”,下雨天的小狗被Leo用衣服裹住,说明它“很冷”,应选用cold。funny“有趣的”、busy“忙碌的”、tidy“整洁的”均不符合语境。
14.句意:当Leo到家时,他给了小狗一些食物,并为它做了一张床。
结合语境,此处表示“当Leo到家时”,应选用When。Why“为什么”、What“什么”、Where“哪里”均不符合逻辑。
15.句意:在接下来的几天里,Leo细心照顾这只狗。
结合后文“The dog grows healthy and strong day by day.”,说明Leo对小狗照顾得很好,应选用takes good care of。listens to“听”、makes full use of“充分利用”、prepares for“准备”均不符合语境。
16.句意:Leo给它起名叫Buddy,很快他们就成了亲密的朋友。
结合语境,Leo和小狗感情深厚,成为了“亲密的”朋友,应选用close。huge“巨大的”、different“不同的”、meaningful“有意义的”均不符合语境。
17.句意:一天,Leo带着Buddy出去玩。
结合原文“Leo plays outside…Buddy”,固定搭配“play with”表示“和……一起玩”,应选用with。for“为了”、on“在……上”、off“离开”均不符合搭配。
18.句意:Buddy突然吠叫并跑到街上。
结合后文“Buddy sees a little child standing in the middle of the street, and a car comes.”,说明小狗跑到了“街上”,应选用street。shop“商店”、school“学校”、hospital“医院”均不符合语境。
19.句意:Buddy跑出去救那个孩子。
结合后文“the child is safe”,说明小狗的目的是“救”孩子,应选用save。visit“拜访”、greet“问候”、carry“携带”均不符合语境。
20.句意:孩子的父母看到了这一幕,过来感谢Buddy。
结合语境,Buddy救了孩子,父母应该过来“感谢”它,应选用thank。choose“选择”、share“分享”、keep“保持”均不符合语境。
三、补全对话
阅读下面对话,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案完成对话。
A: The school welcome party is coming, Lisa. Let’s go shopping for it this afternoon!
B: Great idea!
A: We need some nice lights, small toys and snacks.
B: OK. Look, there’s a party shop over there!
[At the shop.]
A: Wow, these lights look really good.
B: I like the warm yellow and light pink ones. They’ll make the party so nice and warm.
A: Good choice. How many should we buy?
B:
A: That should be enough. And what snacks should we get?
B:
A: That sounds great. Oh, the price of cakes is a little high.
B: Sure. Let’s go!
21.A.When is the party? B.Who is your class teacher?
C.Where is your home? D.What do we need to buy?
22.A.Where is he from? B.Who will buy them?
C.What colour do you like? D.Are they big or small?
23.A.We need about twenty. B.I don’t like cakes.
C.He is 14 years old. D.They are very beautiful.
24.A.How long do you study? B.How about cakes and juice?
C.Who will come to the party? D.How old are you?
25.A.We can take some candies. B.I want to sing a song.
C.I like taking photos. D.Let’s play basketball together.
【答案】21.D 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.A
【导语】本文是一段关于为学校欢迎派对采购物品的对话,围绕派对所需物品的讨论、选购偏好、采购数量、零食选择及备选方案展开,体现了对话双方对派对准备的用心与协作。
【详解】21.句意:根据下文A的回答“We need some nice lights, small toys and snacks.”,我们需要一些漂亮的灯、小玩具和零食,此处应询问需要购买什么物品。“What do we need to buy?”(我们需要买什么?)符合上下文逻辑。
22.句意:根据下文B的回答“I like the warm yellow and light pink ones.”(我喜欢暖黄色和浅粉色的。),此处应是询问对方喜欢的颜色。“What colour do you like?”(你喜欢什么颜色?)符合上下文逻辑。
23.句意:根据上文A的提问“How many should we buy?”(我们应该买多少?),此处应回答购买的数量。“We need about twenty.”(我们大约需要二十个。)符合上下文逻辑。
24.句意:根据上文A的提问“And what snacks should we get?”(我们应该买什么零食?),以及下文A 回应“That sounds great.”(听起来很棒),此处应是提出具体的零食建议。“How about cakes and juice?”(蛋糕和果汁怎么样?)符合上下文逻辑。
25.句意:根据上文A的表述“Oh, the price of cakes is a little high.”(哦,蛋糕的价格有点高。),以及下文B的回应“Sure. Let’s go!”(好的,我们走吧。),此处应是提出替代方案。“We can take some candies.”(我们可以买些糖果。)符合上下文逻辑。
【培优提升】
四、选词填空
teaches; well; interesting; the; using; for; friends; and; Why; a; everything
I’m a lazy boy. I always spend most of my time 26 mobile phones and playing computer games. My parents often say, “ 27 not go out to play sports with your friends?” One day when I try playing basketball in the neighborhood (社区), I find it’s really 28 and fall in love with the sport.
I start playing basketball with my friends. We often meet up after school and play together 29 hours. I also join the basketball club 30 it really helps improve (提高) my skills.
Playing sports not only helps me stay healthy, but also 31 me some important things such as teamwork (团队合作). I learn that winning is not 32 . It’s more important to respect each other and enjoy the sport.
Thanks to basketball, I begin to feel more confident (自信的) and make more 33 . I can also focus on learning and do 34 in class. Playing sports makes 35 good change to my life. I will keep active and healthy and try my best to live a meaningful life.
【答案】
26.using 27.Why 28.interesting 29.for 30.and 31.teaches 32.everything 33.friends 34.well 35.a
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一个原本懒惰、沉迷手机游戏的男孩,因接触篮球而发生改变的故事,他不仅爱上运动、收获健康与自信,还学会了团队合作,生活也变得更积极有意义。
【详解】26.句意:我总是把大部分时间花在玩手机和玩电脑游戏上。固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth.”(花费时间做某事),因此用动名词“using”。
27.句意:我的父母经常说:“为什么不和你的朋友们出去做运动呢?”固定句型“Why not do sth.?”(为什么不做某事?),用于提出建议,因此填“Why”。
28.句意:有一天我在社区尝试打篮球,发现它真的很有趣,于是爱上了这项运动。“is”后接形容词作表语,根据上下文“爱上这项运动”,用“interesting”(有趣的)。
29.句意:我们经常放学后见面,一起打好几个小时。表示动作持续的时间长度,用介词“for+时间段”,因此填“for”。
30.句意:我还加入了篮球俱乐部,这确实帮助我提升了球技。前后两个分句是顺承关系,用并列连词“and”连接,因此填“and”。
31.句意:做运动不仅帮助我保持健康,还教会了我一些重要的东西,比如团队合作。主语“Playing sports”是动名词短语,视为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“teaches”。
32.句意:我明白了胜利不是一切。根据后句“互相尊重、享受运动更重要”,可知此处表达“胜利不是全部”,因此填“everything”。
33.句意:多亏了篮球,我开始变得更自信,也交到了更多朋友。固定搭配“make friends”(交朋友),“more”后接复数名词,因此填“friends”。
34.句意:我也能专注于学习,在课堂上表现得很好。固定搭配“do well in”(在……方面做得好),因此填“well”。
35.句意:做运动给我的生活带来了很好的改变。“make a change to…”(给……带来改变),因此填不定冠词“a”。
五、短文填空
I’m Bob. My uncle 36 (have) a beautiful farm with many 37 (kind) of animals and plants. He has two cute little pigs. The pigs run around the farm happily. He also has some 38 (chicken). They lay fresh eggs (下新鲜的蛋) every day. My uncle says eggs 39 (be) healthy food. He has eggs every morning. Look! Some cows are eating grass there. Let 40 (I) count. Oh, thirteen cows. My uncle milks (挤奶) the cows every day. And then he sells the milk in the market.
There are also many vegetable and fruit plants 41 the farm, like tomato and orange 42 (plant). My uncle is very hard-working (辛勤的) and takes care of the animals and plants carefully (仔细地). He feeds the animals and waters the plants. He also teaches me the farm work. I feel happy and relaxed here. It is 43 great place to play and learn. I love my 44 (uncle) farm. It is cute and 45 (fun) for me.
【答案】
36.has 37.kinds 38.chickens 39.are 40.me 41.on 42.plants 43.a 44.uncle’s 45.fun
【导语】本文以鲍勃的视角,介绍了叔叔的农场,描写农场里饲养的各类家畜、种植的蔬果,讲述叔叔日常照料动植物、教自己农活的日常,抒发了鲍勃在农场感到轻松快乐、十分喜爱叔叔农场的真挚情感,展现出乡村农场有趣美好的生活。
【详解】36.句意:我的叔叔有一座漂亮的农场,里面有各种各样的动植物。主语My uncle是第三人称单数,全文为一般现在时,动词have变三单形式has。
37.句意:我的叔叔有一座漂亮的农场,里面有各种各样的动植物。many“许多”后接可数名词复数;固定搭配many kinds of“各种各样的”。
38.句意:他还养了一些小鸡。 some后接可数名词复数;chicken表示“小鸡”时可数,复数chickens;表示鸡肉时不可数。后文“They lay fresh eggs”说明是小鸡,故变复数。
39.句意:叔叔说鸡蛋是健康的食物。宾语从句主语eggs是复数,句子是一般现在时,be动词用are。
40.句意:让我数一数。let是动词,动词后用人称代词宾格;I的宾格是me。固定句型Let me…“让我……”。
41.句意:农场上还有许多蔬菜和水果作物,比如番茄植株和橙子植株。固定介词搭配on the farm“在农场”。
42.句意:农场上还有许多蔬菜和水果作物,比如番茄植株和橙子植株。tomato and orange修饰后面名词,前面无限定词,泛指一类,用复数plants“作物”。
43.句意:这是一个玩耍和学习的好地方。place是可数名词单数;great辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。a great place“一个很棒的地方”。
44.句意:我爱我叔叔的农场。修饰后面名词farm,用名词所有格,表示“叔叔的农场”,uncle后加’s。
45.句意:对我来说这里可爱又好玩。and连接并列形容词,cute是形容词,fun本身可作形容词,意为“有趣的、好玩的”,无需变形。
初中现在进行时考点梳理
考点一 英语6种基本句型
一、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
二、英语6种基本句型列式如下:
基本句型一: S+V(主+谓)
基本句型二: S+V+P(主+系+表)
基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型六: there be句型
基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:
动作本身已完整,不需要宾语。
谓语动词为不及物动词。
例1. The sun rises. (rise-rose-risen 是vi,不能带O.)
例2. My brother works in a bank.
例3. The car stopped.
例4. They first met at the age of 20.
基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)
此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类:
(1)表示状态的系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The lunch smells good.
基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词(词组)叫做及物动词(词组)。
谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
例1.Who knows the answer?
例2.She laugh at her.
例3.He understands English.
例4.He made cakes.
例5.They ate some apples.
易错题型 1 :只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有:
suggest,advise,stop,resist,enjoy,imagine,finish,admit, excuse,delay,practise, consider, keep,mind, understand,avoid,miss,risk ,succeed in,be busy,be worth,be used to,give up,look
forward to
易错提醒 2 :带 to do 做宾语的动词有:
offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help,prepare,decide, determine,refuse, dare,manage,wish, hope, want, expect, fail,pretend,choose, seem,agree, etc.
基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。
注意:有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。
★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand, play等。
★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。
1. He gave me a book/a book to me.
2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
3. He’s warned me of the danger. (特殊例子——直宾前加介词,只有这一种形式,不能对调)
基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型句子的共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
1. We keep the table clean.
2. Bill ordered him to leave.
基本句型六:There be句型
例1. There is a book on the desk.
例2. I think there is a problem with the engine.
结构和含义
There be句型也叫存现句。be动词必须和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循“就近原则”,be动词也有时态上的变化。
结构: There be + 主语 + 地点状语
含义:在某地或某时有某人或某物”,强调的是存在的关系。
例如:
1. There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。)
2. There are some students in the classroom.(教室里有一些学生。)
be 动词的选择
当主语是可数名词单数或者不可数名词时,be 动词用 is。
There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。)“water” 是不可数名词,所以用 is。
There is a dog in the yard.(院子里有一只狗。)“a dog” 是可数名词单数,用 is。
当主语是可数名词复数时,be 动词用 are。
There are many trees in the park.(公园里有许多树。)“many trees” 是可数名词复数,用 are。
考点二 疑问句
疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
(1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher?
(2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to school?
(3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a ping-pong bat?
2.特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?
特殊疑
问词
who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置
特殊疑
问词组
how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点)
3.选择疑问句
(1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:
-Is he tall or short?
-He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height.
(2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:
-Which season do you like better,summer or winter?
-I like winter better.
考点三 祈使句
祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。其具体结构如下:
类型
肯定结构及例句
否定结构及例句
Do型
动词原形+其他:Open the door.
Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型
Be+表语:Be quiet!
Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
Let型
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try.
Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.
Never型
——
Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.
No型
——
No+名词/动名词:No parking!
【拓展】
1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如:
-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.
-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.
2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如:
Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。
考点四 感叹句
感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。
1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词)
①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如:
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊!
2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词)
①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩!
③How+主语+谓语!如:
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;
3.其他一般用how。
口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
考点五 There be句型
1.There be句型的结构及用法
结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。
用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如:
There is a pen and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.
2.There be句型的不同句式
肯定句式:There be+主语+地点/时间状语。如: There is some water in the glass.
否定句式:There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语。如:There isn’t any water in the glass.
一般疑问句:Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语?如:Is there any water in the glass?
特殊疑问句:对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room?
对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer?
对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?如:How much water is there in the glass?
3.常见含There be的句型
There is a lot to see/to do/to finish.
4.There be 句型和have的区别
(1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关系。如:
There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。
There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以上的解法。
(2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如:
Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的街角有一家大餐馆。
考点六 主谓一致
主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数)
谓语动词
用单数
谓语动词用复数
【特殊情况】
1.主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的数。如:
The woman with two children is her aunt.
All the students except Li Hua have seen the film.
The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year.
My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai.
2.a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如:
Lots of money is needed for the project.
3.名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一致。如:
This pair of trousers is a little expensive.
Three kinds of cake are provided.
2.意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数)
①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成员,用复数。如:
Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。
Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。
②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are running after the thief.
③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The sick need to be looked after.
The Greens enjoy working in China.
④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
More than three weeks has passed since we came here.
⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
More than one student agrees on the plan.
3.就近一致原则
由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如:
Not only Jim but also his parents are coming.
Neither you nor I am going there.
典例示范
1.—Did they play games yesterday?
—________. They played basketball.
A.Yes, they did B.No, they didn’t C.Yes, they do D.No, they don’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——他们昨天玩游戏了吗?——没有。他们打篮球了。助动词Did提问应用did回答,排除C和D;结合“They played basketball.”,说明并没有玩游戏,而是打篮球了,排除A。应填No, they didn’t。
2.—________ is the black jacket?
—It’s 88 yuan.
A.How many B.How much C.How old D.How about
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这件黑色夹克衫多少钱?——88 元。How many多少;How much多少钱;How old多大;How about……怎么样。根据“It’s 88 yuan.”可知,句子要用询问价格的疑问词,因此需用How much提问价格。
3.________ run in the hallways. It’s dangerous.
A.Not B.Don’t C.No D.Doesn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不要在走廊里奔跑。这很危险。Not不;Don’t不要;No不;Doesn’t不。根据“________ run in the hallways.”可知,本句为否定祈使句,结构是“Don’t + 动词原形”,用来表示禁止或命令。
4.________ interesting the cycling trip is!
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这次自行车旅行多么有趣啊!感叹句主要由What和How引导,中心词是名词用What,中心词是形容词或副词用How。本句中interesting是形容词,符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语”的结构,且How后不加冠词。故选C。
5.The basic sentence structure of “The temperature drops.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
【答案】A
【详解】句意:“The temperature drops.”的基本句子结构是S+V。考查句子结构分析。原句“The temperature drops.”中,“The temperature”是主语(S),“drops”是不及物动词作谓语(V),后面没有宾语、表语或补语成分,因此属于“主语+谓语”结构。故选A。
6.Dad sent us gifts from Japan. 此句句子结构是________。
A.主语+系动词+表语
B.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
C.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爸爸从日本给我们寄来了礼物。此句句子结构是主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
考查句子结构。分析句子可知,Dad作主语,sent作谓语,us是间接宾语,gifts是直接宾语,from Japan是状语,故此句句子结构是:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。故选C。
即学即练习
1.—Excuse me, sir. I’m afraid you can’t park here. This is a non-parking area.
—Oh, sorry. I ________ the sign.
A.don’t see B.didn’t see C.didn’t saw D.saw
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——对不起,先生。恐怕你不能在这里停车。这是非停车区。——哦,对不起。我刚才没看见这个标识。根据“I’m afraid you can’t park here.”及“Oh, sorry.”可知,应该是没看见禁停标识,是发生在对方提醒之前的过去动作,因此用一般过去时;一般过去时的否定句结构为“didn’t+动词原形”,应填didn’t see。
2.My brother ________ a ping-pong, but I ________.
A.doesn’t have; do B.don’t have; has C.doesn’t have; am D.don’t have; do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我哥哥没有乒乓球,但我有。考查否定句和肯定句。根据“My brother…a ping-pong”可知,主语是第三人称单数,第一空使用doesn’t have;第二空使用助动词do,代替动词have,避免重复。故选A。
3.—Tom, do you want to join the art club or the chess club?
—________. I like drawing pictures.
A.Yes, I do B.The art club C.No, I don’t D.The chess club
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——汤姆,你想加入艺术俱乐部还是国际象棋俱乐部?——艺术俱乐部。我喜欢画画。
Yes, I do是的,我想(选择疑问句不能用Yes/No回答);The art club艺术俱乐部;No, I don’t不,我不想;The chess club国际象棋俱乐部。根据问句中的“...the art club or the chess club?”可知这是一个选择疑问句,不能用Yes或No回答,应直接选择其一;再根据后句“I like drawing pictures”(我喜欢画画)的语境,可知他想加入的是艺术俱乐部,The art club符合题意。
4.________ beautiful natural scenery it is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:多么美丽的自然风景啊!感叹句中心词是名词scenery,且为不可数名词,应用What引导,前面不加冠词a。
5.There ________ some flowers in our classroom. We should water them every day.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们教室里有一些花。我们应该每天给它们浇水。is是,单数;are是,复数;was是,单数过去式;were是,复数过去式。根据后文“every day(每天)”可知时态为一般现在时,主语some flowers是可数名词复数,故be动词用are。
6.The sentence structure of “I often hear him read books in the morning.” is ________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+O+O
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“我经常听到他早上读书。”这句话的句子结构是________。 考查句子成分结构。“S + V + O”表示“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”;“S + V + P”表示“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”;“S + V + O + C”表示“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”;“S + V + O + O”表示“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。在句子“I often hear him read books in the morning.”中,“I”是主语,“hear”是谓语动词,“him”是宾语,“read books in the morning”是对宾语“him”进行补充说明,是宾语补足语,所以该句的句子结构是“S + V + O + C”。故选C。
易混易错
1.系动词后只用形容词,实义动词用副词修饰,永远不混用;
2.不及物动词后无宾语,接名词必须搭配固定介词;
3.There be 绝对不和 have/has/will have 连用;
4.with/together with 不改变主语单复数,谓语跟随最前面主语;
5.不定代词 everyone/something 一律作单数主语;
6.pair 类名词:谓语单复数由 pair 决定,不由 trousers/shoes 决定;
7.被动语态中 make/see/hear 后的不定式必须还原 to;
8.I think 否定要前移,不能否定从句;
9.集合名词分 “整体单数、成员复数”;
10.就近一致只用于 there be、or、either…or、neither…nor。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择
1.Peter ________ a ping-pong ball, but Linda ________.
A.don’t has; has B.doesn’t has; have C.doesn’t have; does D.don’t have; do
【答案】C
【详解】句意:彼得没有乒乓球,但是琳达有。第一空主语Peter是第三人称单数,否定句需借助助动词doesn’t,后接动词原形have;第二空主语Linda是第三人称单数,为了避免重复,用助动词does代替前面的动词短语。应填doesn’t have; does。
2.— ________ everyone in your family ________ Mid-Autumn Festival?
—Yes, of course.
A.Do, like B.Is, like C.Does, like D.Are, like
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你家每个人都喜欢中秋节吗?——是的,当然。Do助动词,主语为复数;Is系动词,主语为第三人称单数;Does助动词,主语为第三人称单数;Are系动词,主语为复数。like“喜欢”,实义动词;问句中主语“everyone”为第三人称单数,因此一般疑问句需借助助动词does构成。应填Does;like。
3.—________ kilos of meat do you want?
—Two. ________ should I pay you?
A. How much; How much B.How many; How many
C.How many; How much D.How much; How many
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你要多少千克肉?——两千克。我应该付给你多少钱?How many多少,提问可数名词复数数量;How much多少、多少钱,提问不可数名词数量或询问价格。根据第一句“…kilos of meat…”可知,此处修饰的中心词为可数名词复数“kilos”,提问可数名词复数的数量应用How many;根据第二句“…should I pay you?”以及前文语境可知,此处是在询问应该付多少钱,提问价格应用How much。应填How many;How much。
4.— Hey, John!________ news do you know about the English club activities next week?
— There ________a singing match and an English book market.
A.How much; is B.How many; are
C.How much; will be D.How many; will have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——嘿,约翰!关于下周英语俱乐部的活动你知道多少消息?——将有一场歌唱比赛和一个英语书市。How much多少,修饰不可数名词;How many多少,修饰可数名词复数。news是不可数名词,询问数量需用How much,排除 B、D 选项;根据时间状语next week可知句子时态为一般将来时,There be句型的将来时结构为There will be,排除A选项。
5.—________ would you like to buy for your family, Nanjing Salted Duck or Yuhua Tea?
—Yuhua Tea. All of my family members love drinking tea.
A.Which B.Where C.What D.When
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你想为你的家人买哪一个,南京盐水鸭还是雨花茶?——雨花茶。我家所有人都爱喝茶。考查选择疑问句和疑问词辨析。Which哪一个;Where哪里;What什么;When什么时候。根据“Yuhua Tea”以及问句中给出的两个具体选项“Nanjing Salted Duck or Yuhua Tea”可知,这是典型的选择疑问句,在两者之间进行选择,应使用Which提问。故选A。
6.________. It’s time for class. Let’s ________ English!
A.Don’t talk; read B.Don’t talk; reading C.Doesn’t talk; read D.Doesn’t talk; reading
【答案】A
【详解】句意:别说话。上课时间到了。让我们朗读英语吧!第一空为否定祈使句,结构是“Don’t+ 动词原形”;第二空Let’s后接动词原形read。应填Don’t talk;read。
7.________ exciting it is to explore the mountains on a bike!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:骑自行车去山里探险多么令人兴奋啊!How后接形容词/副词;What后接名词;What an后接可数名词单数;How an不可引导感叹句。根据空后的“exciting it is”可知,此处使用感叹句的句型How +形容词+主语+谓语!
8.It’s rainy today. The ________ of the rain ________ a nice song.
A.sound; is like B.sound; likes C.voice; is like D.voice; likes
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天下雨了。雨的声音像一首好听的歌。sound声音;voice嗓音;is like像;likes喜欢。sound泛指自然界等各种声音,voice特指人的嗓音;like作介词意为“像”,常与be动词连用,作动词意为“喜欢”。根据语境,雨声是自然界声音,第一空用sound;句意表示雨声像歌曲,第二空用is like。应选sound; is like。
9.The sentence structure of “My grandpa always walks his dog in the morning.” is ________.
A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
【答案】B
【详解】句意:“我爷爷总是在早上遛狗。”这句话的句型是主语+谓语+宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语;S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+O+C主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子,My grandpa是主语,是动作发出者,walks是谓语,是核心动作,his dog是宾语,是动作作用对象,句子无系动词和宾语补足语,符合S+V+O结构,故选B。
10.The sentence structure of “The students all showed us their creative models.” is “________”.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+O+C D.S+V+O+O
【答案】D
【详解】句意:“学生们都给我们展示了他们有创意的模型。”这个句子的结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语;S+V+P主语+系动词+表语;S+V+O+C主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。The students是主语(S),showed是谓语动词(V),us是间接宾语(IO),their creative models是直接宾语(DO)。故选D。
二、完成句子
11.成立一个写作小组怎么样?咱们星期三午饭后在这儿见。
________ starting a writing group? Let’s meet here on Wednesday after lunch.
【答案】How about/What about
【详解】原句中“怎么样”是关键词,表示提出建议,“怎么样”对应的英文表达是“How about”或“What about”,两者都用于向对方提出建议或征求意见,后接动名词形式(doing),位于句首注意首字母大写。
12.这些单词很重要,请把它们写下来。
These words are important, please ________ ________ ________.
【答案】 write them down
【详解】原文中“写下来”是翻译的关键,对应的固定短语是write down。“它们”指代前文的复数名词“words”,作宾语时需用宾格them。write down是“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,当宾语是人称代词(如them)时,必须放在动词和副词中间。please后接动词原形构成祈使句,故write用原形。故填write;them;down。
13.不要熬夜, 否则第二天你会困的。
________, or you will feel sleepy the next day.
【答案】Don’t stay up late
【详解】原句中的“不要熬夜”是关键词,本句使用“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,横线处需填入祈使句的否定形式,结构是“Don’t+动词原形”,stay up late意为“熬夜”,固定短语。
14.你需要多少千克牛肉?
_______ _______ _______ of _______ _______ you need?
【答案】 How many kilos beef do
【详解】原句中“多少千克牛肉”是关键词。表示“多少”的短语是How many;表示“……千克牛肉”的短语是kilos of beef,many后接可数名词复数kilos,beef“牛肉”为不可数名词;need为实义动词,一般现在时,主语you为第二人称,疑问句中,需借用助动词do,放在主语you前。
15.多么精彩的表演啊!我真的很喜欢它。
________ ________ ________ ________ ! I really enjoy it.
【答案】 What a great show
【详解】原句中“多么精彩的表演啊”是关键词,分析语境,本句是感叹句,中心词是名词“表演”(performance),修饰名词应用What引导,且位于句首,需大写首字母,表示“精彩的”单词是“great”,表示“表演”的单词是show,后文“I really enjoy it.”提示此处用可数名词单数,且show以辅音音素开头,用冠词a。故填What;a;great;show。
16.你想喝点什么,果汁还是来点别的?
What ________ you like to drink, juice ________ something else?
【答案】 would or
【详解】原句中“想要”和“还是”是关键词,“想要”对应的固定搭配是would like,“还是”用or,用于选择疑问句中连接选项。
17.请带我参观一下你的学校。
Please ________ your school.
【答案】show me around
【详解】原句中“带我参观”是关键词,表示“带某人参观”的固定搭配是show sb. around。句子是以Please开头的祈使句,谓语动词需要使用动词原形,此处“我”用me。
18.你还能在农场看到什么其它东西?
________ ________ can you see on the farm?
【答案】 What else
【详解】原句中“什么其它东西”是关键词,表示“什么其它东西”的短语是“what else”。“else”意为“别的、其他的”,修饰疑问词“what”。短语位于句首,故填What;else。
19.鸽子能在镜子里认出自己。多么令人惊讶!
Pigeons can recognise themselves in mirrors. ________!
【答案】How amazing!/How surprising!
【详解】原句中“多么令人惊讶”是关键词,表示感叹句用How引导,修饰形容词amazing或surprising,结构为“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”,此处主语和谓语省略。
20.你建议朋友这周末和你一起去远足,可以这样表达:
Why not _________________________________ this weekend?
【答案】go hiking with me
【详解】原句中的“和我一起去远足”是关键词,“Why not”后接动词原形,“去远足”用go hiking表示,“和我一起”用with me表示。
三、完形填空
Tony is always complaining (抱怨). Every day there is something he 21 .
“ wish it wasn’t raining,” he said one rainy day. “I want to play football 22 I can’t because of the rain.”
The next day he complained about the 23 again. This time it was too hot. “I wish it wasn’t so hot,” he said. “It’s too hot to do anything. I just want to 24 and sleep.”
Tony’s food is 25 right.
“I wish we could have beef for dinner,” he said one evening when his mother cooked chicken. “I don’t like 26 .”
The next day his mother made beef with tomatoes. “I don’t like the beef you 27 in this way,” Tony said. “I wish it was beef with potatoes.”
The TV programmes are also always 28 for Tony. “I wish there was a(n) 29 programme,” he said one evening. “I love football. I don’t like these old films.”
“You are always wishing for something different,” his mother said to him. “Why don’t you 30 me what I’m wishing for?”
21.A.enjoys B.needs C.dislikes D.borrows
22.A.and B.but C.so D.or
23.A.weather B.food C.clothes D.homework
24.A.dress up B.take a look C.get up D.lie down
25.A.never B.sometimes C.often D.always
26.A.beef B.pork C.chicken D.fish
27.A.bought B.painted C.designed D.cooked
28.A.good B.right C.wrong D.important
29.A.news B.animal C.music D.sports
30.A.tell B.ask C.show D.thank
【答案】
21.C 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.C 29.D 30.B
【导语】本文讲述总是抱怨的Tony的故事。他对天气、食物和电视节目都不满意,总希望事物不同,母亲最后反问他愿望是什么。
【详解】21.句意:托尼总爱抱怨,每天都有他不喜欢的事。
全文围绕托尼抱怨、厌恶各类事物展开,dislikes“不喜欢”符合主线;enjoys“喜爱”、needs“需要”、borrows“借”均与“抱怨”主题相反。
22.句意:我想踢足球,但是因为下雨我不能去。
前半句想踢球,后半句受雨水阻碍无法实现,存在转折关系,but“但是”符合逻辑;and表并列,so表因果,or表选择。
23.句意:第二天,他又抱怨起天气。
前文前一天抱怨下雨,此处再次吐槽太热,都属于天气范畴,weather“天气”符合语境;food“食物”、clothes“衣服”、homework“作业”均不符合上下文。
24.句意:天太热了什么事都不想做,我只想躺下睡觉。
后文搭配sleep“睡觉”,lie down“躺下”贴合睡觉前的动作;dress up“打扮”、take a look“看一看”、get up“起床”语义矛盾。
25.句意:托尼的饭菜从来没有合他心意的时候。
下文不管妈妈做鸡肉还是牛肉,托尼都挑剔不满,never“从不”体现他永远不满意饭菜;sometimes“有时”、often“经常”、always“总是”不符合次次嫌弃的情节。
26.句意:我晚餐想吃牛肉,我不喜欢鸡肉。
前文点明妈妈当晚做的是鸡肉,托尼想要牛肉,因此嫌弃鸡肉,chicken“鸡肉” 符合语境;beef“牛肉”、pork“猪肉”、fish“鱼肉”均不是当晚菜品。
27.句意:我不喜欢你这样做出来的牛肉。
主语是妈妈,搭配菜品使用cooked烹饪、煮”;bought“购买”、painted“绘画”、designed“设计”均和做饭无关。
28.句意:电视节目对托尼来说也总是不合心意。
后文托尼嫌弃老电影、想看体育节目,说明节目不合他意,wrong此处表示 “不合心意、不对胃口”;good“好的”、right“合适的”、important“重要的”与抱怨情节相反。
29.句意:真希望能有体育类节目,我喜欢足球。
后文点明他热爱足球,属于体育范畴,sports“体育”符合语境;news“新闻”、animal“动物”、music“音乐”均和足球无关。
30.句意:你总盼着不一样的东西,你怎么不问问我心里期盼的是什么呢?
ask sb. sth.固定搭配,意为 “询问某人某事”,母亲让托尼来问问自己心中的愿望,更强调问,ask符合语境;tell“告诉”、show“展示”、thank“感谢”无法匹配“探寻、询问内心所想”的句意。
【培优提升】
四、语法选择
阅读下面短文,从短文后各小题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hello, I am David. This is a picture of my friend Lucy and me. Lucy is 13 years old. Look at our classroom. There 31 a map of the world and some pictures on the wall. The pictures are very beautiful. I have some books about animals. I like reading 32 after class. Lucy has a brother. 33 name is Tom. Tom is good at playing 34 basketball. He often helps me 35 sports. On Sundays, I usually spend an hour 36 English. Lucy sings really 37 . She has many 38 . In her room, there 39 some flowers and a guitar. I often listen to 40 . We are good friends.
31.A.is B.are C.have D.has
32.A.it B.they C.them D.its
33.A.My B.Her C.His D.Its
34.A.an B.the C./ D.a
35.A.with B.to C.in D.on
36.A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading
37.A.well B.good C.fun D.amazing
38.A.songbook B.songbooks C.a songbook D.the songbook
39.A.is B.are C.have D.has
40.A.she B.her C.he D.him
【答案】
31.A 32.C 33.C 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.B 39.B 40.B
【导语】本文以David的视角,介绍了他与好友Lucy的校园环境、个人爱好,以及Lucy弟弟Tom对自己的帮助,展现了三人友好相处的日常与真挚情谊。
【详解】31.句意:墙上有一张世界地图和一些图片。
there be句型遵循就近原则,离be动词最近的名词a map为单数,用is。are为复数形式,与就近的单数主语不符;have/has不能用于there be句型。
32.句意:我课后喜欢读它们。
代词指代前文的复数名词some books,作read的宾语,用复数宾格them。they为主格形式,不能作宾语;it只能指代单数名词,不符合语境。
33.句意:他的名字叫Tom。
前文提到Lucy的弟弟,此处修饰名词name,用男性形容词性物主代词His。Her为女性物主代词,与Tom的男性身份不符;Its指代事物,不用于人。
34.句意:Tom擅长打篮球。
球类运动名称前不加冠词,play basketball为固定搭配,因此用零冠词。
35.句意:他经常在运动方面帮助我。
固定搭配help sb. with sth.表示“在某方面帮助某人”,用介词with。
36.句意:我通常花一小时读英语。
spend time (in) doing sth. 表示“花费时间做某事”,用动名词reading。to read为不定式形式,不符合spend的用法规则;read/reads为谓语动词形式,不能用于该结构。
37.句意:Lucy唱歌真的很好。
此处修饰动词sings,需用副词well。good/fun/amazing均为形容词,不能修饰动词。
38.句意:她有许多歌本。
many后接可数名词复数,用songbooks。songbook为单数形式,不符合many的用法;a songbook/the songbook为单数表达,不能与many搭配。
39.句意:在她的房间里,有一些花和一把吉他。
there be句型遵循就近原则,离be动词最近的名词some flowers为复数,用are。is为单数形式,与就近的复数主语不符;have/has不能用于there be句型。
40.句意:我经常听她唱歌。
指代前文的Lucy,作listen to的宾语,用女性宾格her。she为主格形式,不能作宾语;he/him为男性代词,与Lucy的女性身份不符。
五、选词填空
将下列单词的适当形式填入空格。每词只能填一次。
and with help she answer magic together problem fun count
Mr Green is a maths teacher at Star Primary School. He loves making maths 41 for his students. One afternoon, he walks into the classroom happily.
“Let’s have a classroom treasure hunt (寻宝)!” Mr Green says. “Three clues (线索) can 42 you find the treasure. Clue 1 is on the bookcase. Answer the problem there, 43 it will tell you where Clue 2 is!”
The students run to the bookcase and find a problem: “5 red pencils + 3 blue pencils = ?” Lily 44 her fingers (手指) and says, “8!” She sees the number “8” next to the window. “Clue 2 is by the window!” she says.
The students then run to the window. A 45 waits there: “10 oranges - 7 oranges = ?” Sam answers, “3!” Then they look around and find the number “3” on the teacher’s desk!
On Mr Green’s desk, the students see the last problem: “Multiply (乘) your two 46 and get a new number. Find the desk with that number!” They answer 47 , “8 × 3 = 24!”
“Linda’s desk has ‘24’!” Amy calls. The students run over and find a box of star badges (徽章) under 48 desk.
“Maths feels like 49 !” Mia laughs.
From that day on, the students fall in love 50 maths—every answer brings them more fun.
【答案】
41.fun 42.help 43.and 44.counts 45.problem 46.answers 47.together 48.her 49.magic 50.with
【导语】本文讲述了数学老师Green先生通过课堂寻宝游戏,让学生们在解题过程中感受到数学的乐趣,最终爱上数学的故事。
【详解】41.句意:他喜欢为他的学生们让数学变得有趣。此处需要一个形容词,作宾语补足语;结合后文学生们通过寻宝游戏爱上数学,可知老师是想让数学变得有趣,方框中fun的形容词形式fun意为“有趣的”,make maths fun意为“让数学变得有趣”,故填fun。
42.句意:三条线索可以帮助你找到宝藏。此处需要一个动词,情态动词can后接动词原形;结合语境“线索帮助找到宝藏”,方框中help意为“帮助”,help sb. do sth. 是固定搭配,意为“帮助某人做某事”,故填help。
43.句意:解答那里的问题,它会告诉你线索2在哪里!此处需要一个连词;“Answer the problem there”与“it will tell you where Clue 2 is!”是顺承关系,方框中and意为“并且、然后”,连接两个并列的句子,故填and。
44.句意:Lily数着她的手指说:“8!”此处需要一个动词,句子主语Lily是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时;结合后文“5 red pencils + 3 blue pencils = ?”,Lily需要数手指计算,方框中count意为“数”,第三人称单数形式counts符合语境,故填counts。
45.句意:那里有一个问题:“10 oranges-7 oranges = ?”此处需要一个名词;结合后文的数学题“10 oranges - 7 oranges = ?”,这是一道题目,方框中problem意为“问题、题目”,前面有不定冠词a,用单数形式,故填problem。
46.句意:用你的两个答案相乘,得到一个新数字。此处需要一个名词复数;结合前文出现的两个答案“8”和“3”,此处指两个答案,方框中answer意为“答案”,复数形式answers符合语境,故填answers。
47.句意:他们一起回答:“8×3=24!”此处需要一个副词,修饰动词answer;结合语境学生们一起回答问题,方框中together意为“一起”,作状语修饰answer,故填together。
48.句意:学生们跑过去,在她的桌子下发现了一盒星星徽章。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词,修饰名词desk;结合前文“Linda’s desk has ’24’!”,此处指代Linda的桌子,方框中she的形容词性物主代词her意为“她的”,故填her。
49.句意:“数学感觉像魔法!”Mia笑着说。此处需要一个名词;结合前文学生们通过解题找到宝藏的奇妙经历,学生觉得数学像魔法,方框中magic意为“魔法”,作介词like的宾语,故填magic。
50.句意:从那天起,学生们爱上了数学——每个答案都给他们带来更多乐趣。此处需要一个介词;fall in love with是固定搭配,意为“爱上……”,方框中with符合语境,故填with。
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My name is Emma Miller. I come from the UK, but I live in China 51 my family. There are six people in my family. Look! There are two nice photos of my family.
Look! They are my parents, Fred and Tina. My mother is a teacher. She is beautiful 52 kind. She teaches English in a middle school. All her students like 53 (she) very much. My father is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. 54 (do) he like sports? Yes, he likes sports very much. He plays tennis 55 (real) well. This tall girl is me. I am always happy. I have a sister. She is in the middle. Her name is Ella Miller. We are in the same school. She has many 56 (hobby), such as drawing, singing and swimming.
My grandparents are in the next photo. They have three children. My grandfather and grandmother 57 (be) nice to us. My grandmother often cooks delicious food for us. Those fishing rods are my grandfather’s. He often spends a lot of time 58 (fish). Look at this boy. He is my cousin. He is handsome and clever. His 59 (one) name is Yaming, and his last name is Wang. He comes from Taiwan, China. Now he lives in Linyi. He has a pet dog. It is lovely. We all like Chinese food and Chinese people very much. Would you like 60 (make) friends with us?
【答案】
51.with 52.and 53.her 54.Does 55.really 56.hobbies 57.are 58.fishing 59.first 60.to make
【导语】本文主要介绍了Emma一家。
【详解】51.句意:我来自英国,但我现在和家人一起住在中国。此处指和家人一起住在中国,用介词with引导伴随方式状语。
52.句意:她漂亮又善良。beautiful和kind是形容妈妈的两个形容词,属于并列关系,应填连词and。
53.句意:她的学生都很喜欢她。like是动词,后接介词宾格,she的宾格形式为her。
54.句意:他喜欢运动吗?句子是一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,助动词用Does,句首字母大写。
55.句意:他打网球打得非常好。修饰副词well,应填副词;real的副词形式为really,意为“非常”。
56.句意:她有很多爱好。many后接可数名词复数,hobby的复数形式为hobbies。
57.句意:我的爷爷奶奶对我们非常好。主语my grandfather and grandmother属于复数名词,句子是一般现在时,be动词用are。
58.句意:他经常花费很多时间钓鱼。spend后接动名词作宾语,fish的动名词形式为fishing。
59.句意:他的名字是亚明。first name指名字。
60.句意:你想要和我们做朋友吗?would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”,故填to make。
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