3.专题三 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（PPT课件）-【高考突破新方案】2027年高考英语大一轮复习语法篇

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦动词的时态、语态和主谓一致核心考点，覆盖高考要求的10种时态、常见被动语态及主谓一致三大原则。依据高考评价体系，通过梳理近五年考点分布，明确现在完成时、被动语态转换等高频考点权重，归纳语法填空、短文改错等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题语境训练+应试技巧指导”，精选30道教材真题实例，如解析“since+过去时间点”用现在完成时、“sell well”主动表被动等考点突破方法，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设易错警示（如非延续性动词与时间段连用），帮助学生掌握答题规律，教师可据此精准教学，提升复习效率。

专题三　动词的时态、 语态和主谓一致 返回目录 语法清单 一、时态 1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时和过去将来时 4.现在进行时和过去进行时 5. 将来进行时 6. 现在完成时 7. 过去完成时 8.现在完成进行时 目 录 CONTENTS 二、语态 1.常见时态的被动语态 2.含情态动词的被动语态 3.主动与被动的转换 4.主动形式表示被动意义 三、主谓一致 综合提升练 返回目录 一、时态 　　在英语中,时态表示一个动作在某一时间所处的状态。英语时态中的时间有4种 (现在、过去、将来、过去将来),状态有4种(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。将4种时 间和4种状态进行排列组合,就构成了16种不同的动词时态(高中阶段和高考要求掌握 10种时态)。 语法清单 返回目录 时间 状态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 一般现在时    do/does 现在进行时   am/is/are doing 现在完成时    have/has done 现在完成进行时  have/has been doing 过去 一般过去时    did 过去进行时   was/were doing 过去完成时   had done 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将来 一般将来时  will/shall do 将来进行时  will/shall be doing 将来完成时 will/shall have done 将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing 过去将来 过去将来时  would/should do 过去将来进行时 would/should be do- ing 过去将来完成时 would/should have done 过去将来完成进行时 would/should have been doing 返回目录 1. 一般现在时 (1)构成:动词原形(do)/动词的第三人称单数形式(does)或be动词(am/is/are) (2)基本用法 返回目录 用法 示例 表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态 I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。 She always takes a walk in the evening.她总是在晚间散步。 表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等 We are very busy these days.这些天我们很忙。 The dangerous situation calls for a calm head.危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。 表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。 用于新闻标题、历史简介、小说章节标题或小说、电影、戏剧情节介绍、图片说明等 Bank Robbery: Robbers take $10,000银行劫案:匪徒抢走一万美金(新闻标题) The Queen arrives for the opening ceremony.女王出席了开幕式。(照片说明) 返回目录 温馨提示　常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有: ①频度副词:never从不、seldom很少、sometimes有时、often经常、usually通常、al- ways总是; ②其他时间状语:once in a while偶尔、once a week一周一次、twice a month每月两 次、from time to time时不时、at weekends在周末、every day/week/month/year每天/周/ 月/年等。 返回目录 (3)特殊用法 用法 示例 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态(常用于以here、there等开头的倒 装句) Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 表示将来 用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句 或让步状语从句,代替一般将来时 When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。 按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的 动作(一般不会轻易改变) The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。 温馨提示　常用一般现在时表将来的动词有come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、 return等。 返回目录 2. 一般过去时 (1)构成:动词的过去式(did)或be动词(was/were) (2)用法 返回目录 用法 示例 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态 I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes. 我把卧室的门开着,我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。 表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态(常与频度副词连用) When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我小的时候,我经常在街上踢足球。 Wherever he traveled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard. 那些年里,他每到一个地方旅行,总会把所见所闻记下来。 用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或原因状语从句,代替过去将来时 Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 阿丽娜说如果我答应等她,她就会来。 I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn. 那天晚上我没有去参加聚会,因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。 返回目录 温馨提示　常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/af- ternoon/evening(昨天早上/下午/晚上)、once(曾经)、last night/year(昨晚/去年)、a few days ago(几天前)、the other day(几天前)、at that time(当时)、at that moment(在那一 刻)、just now(刚刚)、in 2005(在2005年)、in the old days(在过去的岁月里)等。 返回目录 3. 一般将来时和过去将来时 (1)构成和用法 一般将来时 过去将来时 构成 will/shall+动词原形 (shall用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称) would/should+动词原形 用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态(立足现在),常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, soon, in the future, next week/month/ year等 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生 的动作或存在的状态(立足过去),常 用于宾语从句 示例 When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer.当我还是个孩子的时候,我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案,但现在我明白,未来的生活并没有标准答案。(would know立足过去,won't have立足现在) 返回目录 (2)表示将来意义的其他方式 形式 意义 示例 be going to+动词原形 决定、打算要做(事先思考过或计划好,主观色彩较强) They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project.他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。 I was going to buy a car then.我当时正打算买一部车。 有迹象表明将要发生的事(有趋势) It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad. 看起来天气好像要变糟了。 be about to+动词原形 马上或眼下就要发生,不与表示具体时间的状语连用(说话时就是时间状语) Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家请坐下,电影马上开始。 He was about to say something more, and then checked himself.他还想说几句,却又止住了。 返回目录 形式 意义 示例 be to+动词原形 表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图 When is the opening ceremony to be? 开幕式什么时候举行? 表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性(有感情色彩,相当于情态动词) What am I to tell her when she finds out? 要是她发现了,我将怎样对她说呢? The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room. 杂志不准带出阅览室。 As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do. 作为军人,他必须执行命令。 用于if引导的条件状语从句,表示意图、打算,意为“如果想”,相当于want to或should Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive.如果人类要继续生存下去,就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。 返回目录 形式 意义 示例 进行时 用于表示位置转移的动词(如come、 go、leave、arrive、return、begin等), 表示已计划或安排好的事 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 我们明天一早就出发。 We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。 返回目录 4. 现在进行时和过去进行时 (1)构成及基本用法 现在进行时 过去进行时 构成 am/is/are doing was/were doing 图示     基本用法 ①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存 在的状态 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存 在的状态,但说话时动作不一定在进 行 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内 正在发生的动作或存在的状态 返回目录 现在进行时 过去进行时 标志词 now, just now, at present, at the mo- ment, these days, look, listen等 then, at that time, the whole morning, this time yesterday, last night等 示例 I'm waiting to have a word with you. 我在等着和你说句话。 He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days. 他这些日子通常11点睡觉。 We were discussing the plan this time yesterday.昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。 We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。 返回目录 (2)特殊用法 用法 示例 表达感情色彩:与always, constantly, frequently, forever等 副词连用,表示重复的动作使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得 不合情理,有时也可表示赞赏、满意 She is constantly disturbing me in class.她在课上不停地 打扰我。(厌烦) Maria is always thinking of others.玛丽亚总为别人着想。(赞美) He was forever complaining.他总是抱怨。(不满) 表示将来:一些非延续性动词(come, go, leave, arrive, die, start, stop等)可以用进行时态表示按照计划动作即将发 生 Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿!火车很快就要到了。 They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing. 他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。 返回目录 用法 示例 表示变化过程:begin, start, become, grow, get, lose等的进行时态可以表示从一种状态逐渐变化到另一种状态 It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry. 等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。 温馨提示　有些动词(短语)通常不用于进行时态。 ①感官动词:see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste, notice等; ②表示情感, 想法的动词:love, like, hate, understand, believe, think(认为), mind, agree等; ③表示状态的动词(短语):have, want, own, possess, seem, belong to等; ④某些非延续性动词:accept, allow, decide, receive, promise等。 返回目录 5. 将来进行时 (1)构成:will/shall be doing (2)用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态,或按计划、安排将要发生的 事情。常用的时间状语有soon, then, in two days, this time tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at 9:00 next Monday, from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow等。 返回目录 I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。 This time tomorrow we 'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。 6. 现在完成时 返回目录 (1)构成:have/has+过去分词(done) (2)用法 用法 示例 表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在并有可能持续下去 He has worked here for over 20 years.他在这里工作已有二十多年了。 Bows and arrows have long since been out of use. 弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。 用在固定句型This/That/It is the first/second/...time+that从句 It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner.这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。 用在固定句型It is/has been+时间段+since从句 It is/has been two years and a half since we began to study in this school. 自我们开始在这所学校学习已经有两年半了。 返回目录 温馨提示     ①常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, before, lately, recently, up to now, so far, since+过去的时间点/从句, for+时间段, during/in the past/last+时间段等。 ②在现在完成时的肯定句中,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词必须是延续性动 词;非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,若要连用,须将非延续性动词替换成 相应的延续性动词。 Harry has got married for six years.[×] Harry got married six years ago.哈里六年前结的婚。[√] Harry has been married for six years.哈里结婚已经六年了。[√] 返回目录 7. 过去完成时 (1)构成:had+过去分词(done) (2)用法 返回目录 用法 示例 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,强调“过去的过去” By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world.到昨天为止,我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态,并有可能持续下去 It had rained for five hours by 11:00.到11点,已下了五个小时的雨。 He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时,他已经病了一个星期了。 表示过去原本想做但事实上并未完成的事(expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, want等) We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她,但是我们发现她不在家。 用在固定句型had hardly done...when...和 had no sooner done...than...,意为“一……就……” His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears. 他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。 We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下,电话铃就响了。 返回目录 用法 示例 用在固定句型This/That/It was the first/second/...time+ that从句 It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。 用在固定句型It was+时间段+since从句 It was ten years since he had left Beijing.他离开北京已经 十年了。 温馨提示　常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有by+过去时间点、by the end of+过去时 间点、before+过去时间点/从句、when引导的表示过去时间的从句等。 返回目录 8. 现在完成进行时 (1)构成:have/has been doing (2)用法:表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能 仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。 It has been raining heavily all day.大雨下了一整天了。 You are out of breath. Have you been running?你气喘吁吁的,你刚刚一直在跑步吗? 返回目录 二、语态 1. 常见时态的被动语态 时态 主动形式 被动形式 时态 主动形式 被动形式 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 一般过去时 did was/were done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 返回目录 We were given much help by the old workers. 老工人们给我们许多帮助。 I'm afraid I am being followed. 恐怕我被人跟踪了。 The case has recently been tried. 案子最近已经审过了。 All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived. 他们到达时,所有的票已经售完。 返回目录 2. 含情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词+be+过去分词(done) This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。 The environment should be improved. 环境应当改善。 返回目录 3. 主动与被动的转换 　　将主动语态转换为被动语态的核心是将主动句中的宾语转换成主语。以下介绍 几种常见结构的主动语态与被动语态之间的转换。 (1)主语+谓语+宾语 返回目录   返回目录 (2)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 ①将间接宾语变为被动句的主语时,保留直接宾语。   返回目录 ②将直接宾语变为被动句的主语时,间接宾语的前面要加上介词to或for。   温馨提示    并非所有双宾语结构都能变成两种形式的被动句。当直接宾语是从句时, 就不能变为被动句的主语。 返回目录 (3)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 　　用于这种结构的常考动词包括know, suppose, expect等。 将宾语变为被动句的主 语时,宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 Education is supposed to be the most important issue faced by the government. 教育被认为是该政府面临的最重要的问题。 返回目录 4. 主动形式表示被动意义 情况 示例 系动词(feel, taste, sound, smell, look, prove, turn out等) This material feels very soft.这块材料摸上去很柔软。 表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词(sell, read, write, wash, wear等)与well、easily等副词连用时 The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of food sells well.这种食物很畅销。 worth, deserve, need, want, require等词后常用动名词的 主动形式表示被动意义 This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。 Your room needs cleaning.你的房间需要打扫一下。 某些作表语的形容词后用不定式的主动形式表示被动 意义 This question is hard to answer.这个问题很难回答。 English is easy to learn.英语很好学。 返回目录 三、主谓一致 　　主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致遵循三个基本原则:   返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 可数名词单数或不可数名词 单数 The course allows students to progress at their own speed. 本课程允许学生按各自的速度学习。 Work on the new road is progressing slowly. 新路的修建工作在缓慢进行。 可数名词复数 复数 These toys are designed for children under 3. 这些玩具是专门为三岁以下的儿童设计的。 单复数同形的名词(means, series, species, deer, sheep等) 遵循意义 一致原则 The sheep is running.羊在跑。(指一只) The sheep are running.羊在跑。(指多只) 返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 集体 名词 people, cattle, police等 复数 The police are running after a thief.警察正在追赶一个小偷。 People live much longer than they used to.和过去相比,人们的寿命大大延长了。 audience, class, committee, company, crew, crowd, family, group, team等 遵循意义 一致原则 The class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls. 这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。(强调整体) The whole class were told to stay behind after school. 全班的学生被告知放学后留下。(强调单个成员) baggage, clothing, equip- ment, furniture, jewelry, machinery, scenery等 单数 The furniture was easy to transport.这些家具易于运输。 The scenery of the lake is just breathtaking. 湖上的风景美不胜收。 返回目录 the+形容词/分词 遵循意义 一致原则 The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 美的事物给所有人带来快乐。(指事物) The sick have been treated and the lost have been found. 病人已得到救治,失踪者已被找到。(指人) 不定 代词 neither, either, each, the other, another等及复合不定代词 单数 Is there anything else you want to say?你有没有别的话要说? Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition.没有人知道谁会在竞赛中获胜。 none/neither/either of +复数名词或代词 单数/复数 Neither of the books is/are of any use to him.两本书他都用不着。 None of us has/have ever been to Beijing.我们谁都没去过北京。 all, more, most, some, any, none等 遵循意义 一致原则 All of the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都腐烂了。 All of the apple is rotten.整个苹果都腐烂了。 返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 动名词、不定式、从句 单数 To finish the task on time is hard.按时完成这项任务很难。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 Who will take over the job has not been decided yet.由谁承接这项工作尚未决定。 “分数/百分数+of+名词”或“the rest of/half of/part of/the majority of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词” 取决于of后面的名词所表示的意义 About 60% of the students in our school are boys. 我校大约60%的学生是男孩。 About 60% of the work is done.这项工作大约完成了60%。 Half of the students have finished their compositions. 半数学生写完作文了。 返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡的复数名词或短语作为一个整体 单数 Ten miles isn't a long distance.十英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Four hours is enough to do the experiment. 做这项实验四个小时足够了。 某些以-s结尾的名词(news, maths, politics, physics等)以及书刊名、国家名、组织名等专有名词 单数 Politics is his favorite subject.政治是他最喜欢的学科。 The New York Times has a large circulation.《纽约时报》销量很大。 (both...)and...连接并列主语 遵循意义 一致原则 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.那位歌舞演员将会参加我们的晚会。(指同一个人) Cool and fresh wind is blowing from the south.凉爽而清新的风正从南方吹来。(指一种事物) To work and to live are two different things but they're always together.工作和生活是两件不同的事情,但它们永远相伴。(表达两件事) 返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 more than one/many a+可数名词单数 单数 More than one student was late for school this morning. 今天早晨,不止一个学生上学迟到了。 Many a scientist has been trying to research into the way to cure cancer. 许多科学家一直在努力研究治愈癌症的方法。 each/every/no+名词+ and(+each/every/no)+名词 单数 Every man and woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有充分的理由为他们的先辈所做的工作感到骄傲。 No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.很长时间没有听到一点声音。 a number of+复数名词 复数 A number of books are lent out from the library every day. 每天有许多书从图书馆被借走。 the number of+名词 单数 The number of the students present is not known.没人知道出席的学生的数量。 返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not... but...等连接并列主语 遵循就近 一致原则 Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand. 你或者简将被派往新西兰。 Not only the students but also their teacher doesn't know about it. 不仅学生,老师对此也一无所知。 当主语后有with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, including等引导的短语时 与主语 保持一致 Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任应由亨利来承担,而不是由简和约翰承担。 The man, together with his wife and children, is visiting the Great Wall. 那个人正和他的妻子和孩子们游览长城。 Researchers including Professor Brown are expected to attend the meeting.包括布朗教授在内的研究人员预计会参会。 返回目录 主语 谓语形式 示例 there be句型中 遵循就近 一致原则 There have been some fresh developments.有了一些新的进展。 There is beef and vegetables for lunch.午餐有牛肉和蔬菜。 定语从句的引导词 与先行词 保持一致 Here is a letter from Mr. Brown, who wants to come to Paris. 这是布朗先生的来信,他想来巴黎。 Here is a letter from the Browns, who want to come to Paris. 这是布朗一家的来信,他们想来巴黎。 It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.这是她第三次赢得比赛了,这令我们所有人感到惊讶。 返回目录 1. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people ____ _______________(become) accustomed to the notion of space travel. (外研XB4U6) 综合提升练 解析　句意:自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来,人们已习惯太空旅行 这个概念。根据时间状语从句Ever since...可知,此处应使用现在完成时。 have become     返回目录 2. On 7 May 1824, a crowd of music lovers _____________(stream) into a theatre in Vienna to hear the first-ever performance of the great Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9.  (译林XB1U2) 解析　句意:1824年5月7日,一群音乐爱好者涌入维也纳的一座剧院,聆听伟大的路德维 希·凡·贝多芬《第九交响曲》的首演。根据时间状语On 7 May 1824可知,本句应使用 一般过去时。 　streamed     返回目录 3. Today, On the Origin of Species ________________(regard) as one of the most important works ever written. (外研XB1U5) 解析　句意:如今,《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。设空处作句子 的谓语,与句子主语On the Origin of Species构成被动关系(《物种起源》被认为是……), 应使用被动语态。根据时间状语Today可知,应使用一般现在时。主语为书名,视为 单数,故填is regarded。 　is regarded     返回目录 4. A famous art collector ________________(walk) through the city when he noticed a dirty cat lapping milk from a saucer in the doorway of a store. (北师大XB2U4) 解析　句意:一位著名艺术品收藏家在步行穿过城市时看见一只脏猫在一家商店门口 舔着喝浅碟中的牛奶。此处为be doing...when...结构,意为“正在做某事,另一个动作突 然发生”。 　was walking     返回目录 5. It was the first time Helen ___________________(understand) such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch. (北师大XB2U5) 解析　句意:那是海伦第一次明白一个复杂词语的意思——一个她触摸不到的抽象词 语。本句为固定句型It was the first time+(that)从句,从句应使用过去完成时。 　had understood     返回目录 6. In the winter of AD 759, Du Fu and his family _________(flee) to Chengdu in order to seek refuge from the An Lushan Rebellion. 解析　句意:公元759年冬天,杜甫及其家人为躲避安史之乱逃往成都。由In the winter of AD 759可知,此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,故填fled。 　fled     返回目录 7. With engraved seals gaining worldwide appreciation in recent years, an increasing num- ber of people ________________(become) fascinated with the items. 解析　句意:近年来,随着雕刻印章在全球范围内获得欣赏,越来越多的人开始痴迷于这 些物件。由in recent years可知,设空处应用现在完成时,且an increasing number of peo- ple为复数概念,故填have become。 注意　“a number of+复数名词”表示“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 “the number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 　have become     返回目录 8. With technology's advancement, what was once a purely traditional craft now stands as a scientific practice, and these conservators ________(be) the guardians of the dialogue between past and future generations. 解析　句意:随着技术的进步,曾经纯粹的传统工艺如今已成为科学实践,而这些修复师 是过去与未来世代之间对话的守护者。此处描述当前状态(修复师现在的角色),应用 一般现在时,且conservators为复数,故填are。 　are     返回目录 9. A philosopher commented that nobody knew what _________________(happen) to the Earth in a century's time. 解析　句意:一位哲学家评论道,没有人知道一个世纪后地球将会发生什么。根据时间 状语in a century's time可知,设空处应使用将来时态。再根据commented和knew可知,设 空处应使用过去将来时。故填would happen。 　would happen     返回目录 10. We went out for hotpot and Hunan cuisine that were so spicy that my eyes ____________ (water) for a while afterward, and we ate pork dumplings in what could have easily been mistaken for someone's home, but I guess it was a type of very low-key restaurant. 解析　句意:我们出去吃了火锅和湘菜,辣得我之后流了一阵子泪。我们还在一个很容 易被误认为是民居的地方吃了猪肉饺子,但我猜那是一种非常低调的餐馆。water在此 处作动词,意为“流泪”。此处描述过去发生的一次经历(吃辣后流泪),应用一般过去 时,故填watered。 熟词生义　water 熟义:n.水　生义:v.流泪 　watered     返回目录 11. So far, alongside the green belt, efforts ___________________(make) to promote the de- velopment of sand-related industries, such as ceramics and pottery. 解析　句意:迄今为止,沿着绿化地带,与沙相关的产业,例如陶瓷业的发展已被努力推 动。根据So far判断,设空处应用现在完成时,且efforts(复数)与make为被动关系,应用被 动语态,故填have been made。 　have been made     返回目录 12. We have decided that the headmaster _______________(award) the prize to those gifted students at the meeting tomorrow. 解析　句意:我们决定,在明天的会议上,校长将为那些有天赋的学生颁奖。设空处作宾 语从句的谓语。根据at the meeting tomorrow可知,应使用一般将来时。故填will award。 　will award     返回目录 13. During that period, he dissected(解剖) the human eye on dead bodies and was able to understand that the center of the retina (视网膜) _________(see) detail, but the edges see shadows and shapes better. 解析　句意:在此期间,他解剖了尸体上的人眼,并了解到视网膜中心能看清细节,而边 缘则能更好地感知阴影和形状。此处描述客观事实(视网膜的视觉功能),应用一般现 在时,且the center of the retina为单数,故填sees。 　sees     返回目录 14. Nowadays, mail, as well as cellphones, _______________(play) a more and more impor- tant part in our daily communication. 解析　句意:现在,邮件和手机在我们的日常交流中扮演着越来越重要的角色。根据时 间状语Nowadays可知,此处应用现在进行时。主语mail为不可数名词,as well as cell- phones是主语后的附加成分,因此谓语的人称和数应与主语mail保持一致,故填is play- ing。 　is playing     返回目录 15. The festival proved economically significant: by the morning of July 21, the main venue alone ________________(welcome) over 200,000 visits, generating revenue exceed- ing 60 million yuan ($8.4 million)—a 40% year-on-year increase. 解析　句意:该节日被证明具有重要经济意义:截至7月21日上午,仅主会场就已接待游 客超过20万人次,产生超过6000万元(合840万美元)的收入——同比增长40%。根据by the morning of July 21可知,设空处应用过去完成时,强调动作(welcome)在过去的某一 时间点之前已完成,故填had welcomed。 　had welcomed     返回目录 16. Their task begins with what professionals call “book bricks”, a term used for ancient books that _________________(harden) into solid blocks over decades of improper storage. 解析　句意:他们的任务始于被专业人士称为“书砖”的东西——这个术语指因数十 年不当存放而硬化成坚固块状物的古籍。由over decades可知,此处应用现在完成时,且 that指代ancient books(复数概念)。故填have hardened。 　have hardened     返回目录 17. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work to- gether to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural(壁画) which ______________________(display) in public for all to see. 解析　句意:露营者将互相分享他们丰富多彩的想法和想象力,并一起用非传统的技术 来想象、素描和绘画,创造出最酷的壁画,这幅壁画将在公共场所展出,供所有人观赏。 设空处作从句中的谓语,which指代mural,设空处与which构成被动关系(壁画被展出),应 使用被动语态。结合上文可知,此处应用一般将来时。故填will be displayed。 　will be displayed     返回目录 18. It is a day dedicated to poetry: an art form that ______________(exist) for centuries and continues to enrich our understanding of the human condition to this day. 解析　句意:这是一个献给诗歌的日子:一种已存在多个世纪并至今仍在丰富我们对人 类处境理解的艺术形式。由空后for centuries可知,设空处表示从过去持续存在(exist) 到现在的状态,应用现在完成时,且that指代an art form,为单数,故填has existed。 　has existed     返回目录 19. Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she _________________ ____(teach) a class at that time. 解析　句意:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为她那个时候将在教课。此处表示 在将来的某一时刻正在发生的动作,应使用将来进行时。故填will be teaching。 　will be teaching 返回目录 20. The spokesman said that the rescue workers ___________________________(leave) for the small flooded village the next day. 解析　句意:发言人称救援人员第二天就要动身去那个被洪水淹没的小村庄了。设空 处为宾语从句的谓语,主句为一般过去时,从句也需用过去的某种时态;结合时间状语 the next day可知,设空处表示过去将来,故填would leave。也可以用过去进行时表示过 去将来,主语rescue workers为复数形式,故也可填were leaving。 　would leave/were leaving     返回目录 21. The highly anticipated addition of Bao Li and Qing Bao follows the momentous coming of Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in June, which was the first time pandas ______________(enter) the U.S. in 21 years, after a period of diplomatic strain with China. 解析　句意:备受期待的宝力和青宝的到来,是继云川和鑫宝6月抵达圣迭戈动物园后 的又一盛事。云川和鑫宝的到来是21年来大熊猫首次进入美国,此前中美经历了一段 外交紧张期。由句意可知,从句动作(进入美国)发生在主句动作(“是第一次”这一判 断)之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时,故填had entered。 注意　It is the first time that...has done... It was the first time that...had done... 　had entered     返回目录 22. It ______________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 解析　句意:它最初建于唐代以保护城市,现已完全修复。由originally和in the Tang dy- nasty可知,此处应用一般过去时。主语It与动词build为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被 动语态,故填was built。 　was built     返回目录 23. Better item management ______________(make) everyday life easier for hoarders in the future. 解析　句意:更好的物品管理将使囤积者未来的日常生活更加轻松。根据in the future 判断,此处描述未来发生的动作,应用一般将来时。故填will make。 　will make     返回目录 24. On show ________(be) life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts, super- vised by the Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2.6-meter bronze statues, 3.8-meter-wide bronze masks and “the holy tree” standing nearly 4 meters. 解析　句意:展出的是由三星堆博物馆监制的数十件惊人文物的同尺寸复制品,例如2.6 米高的青铜雕像、3.8米宽的青铜面具以及近4米高的“神树”。本句为倒装结构,主 语是life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts(复数形式)。句子描述当前 展览的客观事实,应用一般现在时。故填are。 　are     返回目录 25. At present, a project involving digitizing the temple's immovable cultural relics _____________________(plan). 解析　句意:目前,一个涉及该寺庙不可移动文物数字化的项目正在规划中。根据At present可知,此处描述的是正在发生的动作,且设空处与句子主语a project之间构成被 动关系(项目被规划),应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为单数,故填is being planned。 　is being planned     返回目录 26. In February 2025, Wang Hong, together with her collaborator Joshua Zahl, _________ ____(release) a 127-page paper formally announcing their achievement, which has gained considerable attention from the global mathematical community. 解析　句意:2025年2月,王虹与其合作者约书亚·扎尔(Joshua Zahl)发布了一篇127页的 论文,正式公布了他们的研究成果,该成果已获得全球数学界的广泛关注。设空处作谓 语,根据时间状语“In February 2025”可知,描述的是过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。 故填released。 　released 返回目录 27. In 2009, China and the US signed a key intergovernmental agreement on fighting the theft and illegal trade of cultural relics. Since then, 504 lost artifacts(手工艺品) ______ _________________(return) successfully to China from the US. 解析　句意:2009年,中美两国签署了一项打击文物盗窃与非法交易的重要政府间协 议。自那以后,已有504件遗失的手工艺品成功从美国被归还给中国。根据空前的 “Since then”可知,设空处应用现在完成时,遗失的手工艺品是被归还的, return 和主 语504 lost artifacts为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 have been returned。 been returned     　have 返回目录 28. Among the oldest of these treasures _______(be) the 2,800-year-old bronze vessel(青铜 器) known as Feng Xingshu Gui(丰邢叔簋). 解析　句意:在这些珍贵文物中,年代最久远的一件是有着2,800年历史的青铜器——丰 邢叔簋。此句为倒装句,主语为 the 2,800-year-old bronze vessel,谓语动词应用单数形 式;此处描述的是一般情况,所以应用一般现在时。故填 is。 　is     返回目录 29. A new technological milestone ________________(reach) on Saturday in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area as humanoid robots completed a half-marathon for the first time globally. 解析　句意:周六,在北京经济技术开发区,随着人形机器人完成了全球首次半程马拉 松,一项新的技术里程碑得以到达。主语A new technological milestone与动词reach之 间是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,be动词使 用was。故填was reached。 　was reached     返回目录 30. Xuanzang was still officially a fugitive (逃亡者) in his homeland, China, because he ____ ____________(leave) without permission. 解析　句意:玄奘在他的祖国,中国,仍然是一个法律上的逃亡者,因为他是未经允许离 开的。leave的动作发生在“成为逃亡者”之前,应用过去完成时。故填had left。 had left     返回目录 $