内容正文:
编写说明:基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点,为了更好地提高学生的学习效率,辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节,本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》,匠心打造了契合山西职教高考命题特色的【山西专用】《英语 拓展模块》(外研版第二版)《一课一练》专辑,专辑共40练。
本卷为《英语 拓展模块》(外研版第二版)Unit 2 It’s Always Nice to Be Polite(Grammar in Use)的课前预习和课堂检测。
《英语 拓展模块》(外研版第二版)
Unit 2 It’s Always Nice to Be Polite
一课一练(8)Grammar in Use
【课前预习】
1、 课前预习
状语从句
一、定义
状语从句就是在句子中充当状语的从句,用来修饰主句的动词、形容词或整个句子,表达时间、条件、结果、地点、原因等逻辑关系。
它由连词引导,可放在句首或句末;放在句首时,从句后通常用逗号与主句隔开。
例:Take a breath before you hit “Send”.
(主句:Take a breath;时间状语从句:before you hit “Send”,修饰主句动作发生的时间)
二、核心结构
状语从句的基础结构为:
状语从句引导词 + 从句 + 主句或 主句 + 状语从句引导词 + 从句
1. 主句:包含主语和谓语的完整句子,是表达核心信息的主体。
2. 引导词:用来引导状语从句的连词,如if, when, before, so, unless, where, because等,体现从句与主句的逻辑关系。
3. 从句:用陈述句语序,表达补充说明的信息,在句中作状语。
三、常见类型与规则讲解
1. 结果状语从句
功能:表达主句动作导致的结果。
常见引导词:so, so that, so/such...that...等
用法说明:
so直接连接两个分句,表示因果关系,意为“所以、因此”。
so that引导结果状语从句时,意为“以至于”,从句常表示主句动作的直接结果。
so/such...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,so后接形容词/副词,such后接名词短语。
例句:I’ve got an internship for this summer, so I’m busy preparing for it.
2. 条件状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的前提条件。
常见引导词:if, unless, as long as, in case等
用法说明:
if表示“如果”,引导真实条件或虚拟条件;主句为将来时态时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
unless表示“除非、如果不”,相当于 if...not,引导否定条件。
as long as表示“只要”,引导肯定条件。
例句:But if you do make an effort during the internship, things will work out.
3. 时间状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的时间背景。
常见引导词:when, as, while, before, after, since, as soon as等
用法说明:
when/while/as表示“当……时候”,引导同时发生的动作;while常接延续性动作。
before/after表示“在……之前/之后”,引导先后发生的动作。
since表示“自从”,从句用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时。
例句:Take a breath before you hit “Send”.
4. 地点状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的地点或范围。
常见引导词:where, wherever等
用法说明:
where表示“在……地方”,引导特定地点。
wherever表示“无论哪里”,引导泛指的地点,强调“任何地方”。
例句:You can sit where you like.
5. 原因状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的原因或理由。
常见引导词:because, since, as等
用法说明:
because表示直接原因,语气最强,常用来回答why引导的问题。
since/as表示已知的、显而易见的原因,语气较弱,常放在句首。
例句:He didn’t go to work because he was ill.
四、课文原文示例
1. I’ve got an internship for this summer, so I’m busy preparing for it.
(so引导结果状语从句,说明主句带来的结果)
2. But if you do make an effort during the internship, things will work out.
(if引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来时)
3. Take a breath before you hit “Send”.
(before引导时间状语从句,说明主句动作发生的时间)
4. She lowered her voice so other colleagues wouldn’t be disturbed.
(so引导结果状语从句,说明低声说话的目的/结果)
5. Unless some extra money is found, the factory will close.
(unless引导条件状语从句,相当于 if no extra money is found)
6. When I could say anything more, he had left.
(when引导时间状语从句,说明从句动作发生时主句动作已完成)
7. Where there is a will, there is a way.
(where引导地点状语从句,说明主句动作发生的地点)
8. He didn’t attend the meeting because he had a fever.
(because引导原因状语从句,说明未参会的直接原因)
【课堂检测】
1、 单项选择。从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
1.She is _________ a kind person _________ everyone likes her.
A.such; that B.so; that C.too; to D.as; as
2.Please remind me of the meeting _________ I forget.
A.so that B.in case C.even if D.as if
3.We were having a picnic ________ it began to pour.
A.while B.once C.when D.since
4.________ he arrives, we can start the meeting.
A.As soon as B.Although C.Unless D.Until
5.If you don’t go, ________.
A.don’t I B.neither do I C.nor shall I D.I don’t either
6.Criticism and self-criticism are necessary ________ they may help us to find out and correct our mistakes.
A.by that B.on that C.at that D.in that
7.________ a dog may be for the elderly, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.No matter how good a companion B.No matter what good companion
C.Whatever a good companion D.However good companion
8.We had hardly got to the station ________ it began to rain.
A.until B.since C.while D.when
9.We won’t give up ________ we should fail ten times.
A.even if B.since C.whether D.until
10.No sooner ________ at the company ________ he found he had left his smartphone at home.
A.he had arrived; than B.had he arrived; when
C.he arrived; when D.had he arrived; than
11.I go for a walk every day ________ bad weather stops me.
A.unless B.until C.if D.when
12.As a policeman, Tom’s father is too busy to play with him ________ he expects to.
A.even though B.so that C.as soon as D.as long as
13.I didn’t believe he could drive ________ he told me.
A.once B.since C.while D.until
14.Kitty, you’ll fail the English exam ________ you study hard.
A.because B.when C.if D.unless
15._________ the traffic was heavy, we arrived on time.
A.Because B.Since C.Although D.If
16._________ I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
A.While B.Since C.Once D.When
17.He worked day and night _________ he could pay off his debts.
A.in order to B.so as to C.so that D.as if
18.________ you say, I won’t change my mind.
A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whenever D.Wherever
19.________ you need help, don’t hesitate to call me.
A.Whenever B.Whatever C.Whoever D.Wherever
20.________ the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor activity.
A.If B.Unless C.Because D.When
2、 句型转换(每空一词)。
1. I will go out. It stops raining.
I will go out ________ it stops raining.
2. He didn’t come. He was busy.
He didn’t come ________ he was busy.
3. You will fail. You work hard.
You will fail ________ you work hard.
4. You can choose any place. You want to stay there.
You can stay ________ you want.
5. She ran fast. She caught the bus.
She ran so fast ________ she caught the bus.
6. I’ll tell him the news. I see him.
I’ll tell him the news ________ I see him.
7. You will get good grades. You keep trying.
You will get good grades ________ you keep trying.
8. I wash hands. I have meals.
I wash hands ________ I have meals.
9. He lost his way. He cried loudly.
He lost his way, ________ he cried loudly.
10. I have lived here. I left school.
I have lived here ________ I left school.
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编写说明:基于中职学生英语知识不牢固、学习内驱力不够的学情特点,为了更好地提高学生的学习效率,辅助教师们抓好课前、课中、课后三个教学环节,本专辑深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》,匠心打造了契合山西职教高考命题特色的【山西专用】《英语 拓展模块》(外研版第二版)《一课一练》专辑,专辑共40练。
本卷为《英语 拓展模块》(外研版第二版)Unit 2 It’s Always Nice to Be Polite(Grammar in Use)的课前预习和课堂检测。
《英语 拓展模块》(外研版第二版)
Unit 2 It’s Always Nice to Be Polite
一课一练(8)Grammar in Use
【课前预习】
1、 课前预习
状语从句
一、定义
状语从句就是在句子中充当状语的从句,用来修饰主句的动词、形容词或整个句子,表达时间、条件、结果、地点、原因等逻辑关系。
它由连词引导,可放在句首或句末;放在句首时,从句后通常用逗号与主句隔开。
例:Take a breath before you hit “Send”.
(主句:Take a breath;时间状语从句:before you hit “Send”,修饰主句动作发生的时间)
二、核心结构
状语从句的基础结构为:
状语从句引导词 + 从句 + 主句或 主句 + 状语从句引导词 + 从句
1. 主句:包含主语和谓语的完整句子,是表达核心信息的主体。
2. 引导词:用来引导状语从句的连词,如if, when, before, so, unless, where, because等,体现从句与主句的逻辑关系。
3. 从句:用陈述句语序,表达补充说明的信息,在句中作状语。
三、常见类型与规则讲解
1. 结果状语从句
功能:表达主句动作导致的结果。
常见引导词:so, so that, so/such...that...等
用法说明:
so直接连接两个分句,表示因果关系,意为“所以、因此”。
so that引导结果状语从句时,意为“以至于”,从句常表示主句动作的直接结果。
so/such...that...表示“如此……以至于……”,so后接形容词/副词,such后接名词短语。
例句:I’ve got an internship for this summer, so I’m busy preparing for it.
2. 条件状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的前提条件。
常见引导词:if, unless, as long as, in case等
用法说明:
if表示“如果”,引导真实条件或虚拟条件;主句为将来时态时,从句用一般现在时表将来。
unless表示“除非、如果不”,相当于 if...not,引导否定条件。
as long as表示“只要”,引导肯定条件。
例句:But if you do make an effort during the internship, things will work out.
3. 时间状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的时间背景。
常见引导词:when, as, while, before, after, since, as soon as等
用法说明:
when/while/as表示“当……时候”,引导同时发生的动作;while常接延续性动作。
before/after表示“在……之前/之后”,引导先后发生的动作。
since表示“自从”,从句用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时。
例句:Take a breath before you hit “Send”.
4. 地点状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的地点或范围。
常见引导词:where, wherever等
用法说明:
where表示“在……地方”,引导特定地点。
wherever表示“无论哪里”,引导泛指的地点,强调“任何地方”。
例句:You can sit where you like.
5. 原因状语从句
功能:表达主句动作发生的原因或理由。
常见引导词:because, since, as等
用法说明:
because表示直接原因,语气最强,常用来回答why引导的问题。
since/as表示已知的、显而易见的原因,语气较弱,常放在句首。
例句:He didn’t go to work because he was ill.
四、课文原文示例
1. I’ve got an internship for this summer, so I’m busy preparing for it.
(so引导结果状语从句,说明主句带来的结果)
2. But if you do make an effort during the internship, things will work out.
(if引导条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来时)
3. Take a breath before you hit “Send”.
(before引导时间状语从句,说明主句动作发生的时间)
4. She lowered her voice so other colleagues wouldn’t be disturbed.
(so引导结果状语从句,说明低声说话的目的/结果)
5. Unless some extra money is found, the factory will close.
(unless引导条件状语从句,相当于 if no extra money is found)
6. When I could say anything more, he had left.
(when引导时间状语从句,说明从句动作发生时主句动作已完成)
7. Where there is a will, there is a way.
(where引导地点状语从句,说明主句动作发生的地点)
8. He didn’t attend the meeting because he had a fever.
(because引导原因状语从句,说明未参会的直接原因)
【课堂检测】
1、 单项选择。从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
1.She is _________ a kind person _________ everyone likes her.
A.such; that B.so; that C.too; to D.as; as
【答案】A
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意:她是一个如此善良的人,以至于每个人都喜欢她。A. such … that如此……以至于……(such后接名词或名词短语,that后接从句);B. so … that如此……以至于……(so后接形容词或副词,that后接从句);C. too … to太……而不能……(too后接形容词或副词,to后动词原形);D. as ... as和……一样(as+形容词/副词原级+as)。分析句子可知, “a kind person”是名词短语,“everyone likes her”是完整句子,需用such ... that ...引导结果状语从句。故选A。
2.Please remind me of the meeting _________ I forget.
A.so that B.in case C.even if D.as if
【答案】B
【详解】考查连词(短语)辨析。句意:请提醒我开会的事,以防我忘了。A. so that以便,为了;B. in case以防,万一;C. even if即使,虽然;D. as if好像,仿佛。根据“Please remind me of the meeting … I forget.”可知,“请提醒我开会”是为了防止“我忘了”,in case的含义是“以防、万一”,符合语境。故选B。
3.We were having a picnic ________ it began to pour.
A.while B.once C.when D.since
【答案】C
【详解】考查连词的用法及固定句式。句意:我们正在野餐,突然下起了瓢泼大雨。A. while当……时;B. once一旦;C. when当……时;D. since自从。分析句子结构可知,从句动作发生时,主句的动作正在进行,设空处应用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。
4.________ he arrives, we can start the meeting.
A.As soon as B.Although C.Unless D.Until
【答案】A
【详解】考查状语从句连词辨析。句意:他一到,我们就能开始会议了。A. As soon as一……就……;B. Although尽管;C. Unless除非;D. Until直到。根据“he arrives”和“we can start the meeting”可知,句子需表达“他到达”与“开始会议”之间的时间关联,即主句动作(开始会议)紧随从句动作(到达)发生,应用as soon as引导时间状语从句。故选A。
5.If you don’t go, ________.
A.don’t I B.neither do I C.nor shall I D.I don’t either
【答案】C
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:如果你不去,我也不去。根据“If you don’t go”可知,此处为条件状语从句,从句是一般现在时,主句应用一般将来时,遵循“主将从现”时态原则,空处需要用一般将来时的倒装句“nor shall I”。故选C。
6.Criticism and self-criticism are necessary ________ they may help us to find out and correct our mistakes.
A.by that B.on that C.at that D.in that
【答案】D
【详解】考查状从连词辨析。句意:批评与自我批评是必要的,因为它们可以帮助我们发现并改正错误。A. by that(无此固定搭配);B. on that(无此固定搭配);C. at that而且,此外(不能引导从句);D. in that因为,在于。根据“they may help us to find out and correct our mistakes”可知,空处引导原因状语从句,此处解释了批评与自我批评是必要的原因,空处表示“因为”。故选D。
7.________ a dog may be for the elderly, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.No matter how good a companion B.No matter what good companion
C.Whatever a good companion D.However good companion
【答案】B
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然狗对老年人是一个很好的伴侣,但它需要遛狗的这个缺点可能会带来困扰。分析句子结构及前后逻辑关系可知,此句是一个主从复合句,“________ a dog may be for the elderly”是让步状语从句;此让步状从由感叹句转化而来,其句型为“No matter how/However + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 ”。故选A。
8.We had hardly got to the station ________ it began to rain.
A.until B.since C.while D.when
【答案】D
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:我们刚到车站就开始下雨了。A. until直到;B. since自从;C. while当……时候;D. when当……时候。“hardly...when...”是固定搭配,表示“一……就……”。故选D。
9.We won’t give up ________ we should fail ten times.
A.even if B.since C.whether D.until
【答案】A
【详解】考查连词及状语从句。句意:即使失败十次,我们也不会放弃。A. even if即使;B. since自从;C. whether是否;D. until直到……才……。分析句子可知,前后分句是让步关系,应用even if。故选A。
10.No sooner ________ at the company ________ he found he had left his smartphone at home.
A.he had arrived; than B.had he arrived; when
C.he arrived; when D.had he arrived; than
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他一到公司就发现把智能手机落在家里了。
分析句子结构可知,句子为固定句型No sooner ... than ... 表达“刚……就……”,且No sooner置于句首时需用部分倒装结构,故第一空用had he arrived,第二空用than。
11.I go for a walk every day ________ bad weather stops me.
A.unless B.until C.if D.when
【答案】A
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:我每天都去散步,除非坏天气阻止我。A. unless除非;B. until直到;C. if如果;D. when当……时候。根据“I go for a walk every day ... bad weather stops me.”可知,后句是前句的否定条件,故用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。
12.As a policeman, Tom’s father is too busy to play with him ________ he expects to.
A.even though B.so that C.as soon as D.as long as
【答案】A
【详解】考查连词。句意:作为一名警察,汤姆的爸爸太忙了而不能和他玩耍,即使他期望能这样。A. even though即使;B. so that因此;C. as soon as一……就……;D. as long as只要。分析句子可知,前后句意是让步转折关系,即表示“虽然……但是……”,应用even though引导让步状语从句。故选A。
13.I didn’t believe he could drive ________ he told me.
A.once B.since C.while D.until
【答案】D
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:我原本不相信他会开车,直到他告诉我。A. once曾经;B. since自从;C. while然而;D. until直到。根据“I didn’t believe he could drive ... he told me.”可知,此处是“not... until...”结构,意为“直到……才……”。故选D。
14.Kitty, you’ll fail the English exam ________ you study hard.
A.because B.when C.if D.unless
【答案】D
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:凯蒂,如果你不努力学习,你将无法通过英语考试。A. because因为;B. when当……时候;C. if如果;D. unless除非。分析句子可知,后句是前句的否定条件,故用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。
15._________ the traffic was heavy, we arrived on time.
A.Because B.Since C.Although D.If
【答案】C
【详解】考查让步状语从句的引导词。句意:尽管交通很拥堵,我们还是准时到达了。A. Because因为,引导原因状语从句;B. Since既然/自从,引导原因或时间状语从句;C. Although尽管,引导让步状语从句;D. If如果,引导条件状语从句。根据“the traffic was heavy”与“we arrived on time”之间的转折关系,此处需要表达让步含义,Although符合语境。故选C。
16._________ I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
A.While B.Since C.Once D.When
【答案】D
【详解】考查连词。句意:当我走进办公室的时候,老师们正在开会。A. While 虽然,在……的同时(引导时间状语从句时,从句谓语是延续性动词);B. Since 自从(引导时间状语从句时,主句多用完成时态);C. Once 一旦(引导条件状语从句);D. When 当……的时候(引导时间状语从句时,从句谓语可以是延续性动词,也可以是短暂性动词)。分析句子结构可知,主句“the teachers were having a meeting” 使用过去进行时(were having),表示在过去某个时间点正在进行的动作(开会),从句“I came into the office” 使用一般过去时(came),表示一个瞬间完成的动作(走进办公室);When意为“当……时”,用于表示一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行(尤其当主句是进行时);本句中,“came”(瞬间动作)发生时,“were having”(进行动作)正在发生,完全符合When的用法。故选D。
17.He worked day and night _________ he could pay off his debts.
A.in order to B.so as to C.so that D.as if
【答案】C
【详解】考查目的状语从句的引导词。句意:他日夜工作,以便能还清债务。A. in order to后接动词原形,不能引导从句;B. so as to后接动词原形,不能引导从句;C. so that以便,为了,可引导目的状语从句;D. as if 好像,引导方式状语从句。根据“worked day and night”和“he could pay off his debts”的逻辑关系可知,此处表示工作的目的,且空格后是完整的句子,so that符合语境。故选C。
18.________ you say, I won’t change my mind.
A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whenever D.Wherever
【答案】B
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意:不管你说什么,我都不会改变主意。A. Whoever无论谁,强调人;B. Whatever无论什么,强调事物或内容;C. Whenever无论何时,强调时间;D. Wherever无论何地,强调地点。分析句子可知,空处作say的宾语,指代说的“内容”,应用Whatever引导让步状语从句。故选B。
19.________ you need help, don’t hesitate to call me.
A.Whenever B.Whatever C.Whoever D.Wherever
【答案】A
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意:无论你何时需要帮助,都不要犹豫给我打电话。A. Whenever无论何时;B. Whatever无论什么;C. Whoever无论谁;D. Wherever无论哪里。结合语境可知,设空处表“无论何时”,应用Whenever引导时间状语从句。故选A。
20.________ the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor activity.
A.If B.Unless C.Because D.When
【答案】B
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意:除非天气好转,否则我们将不得不取消户外活动。A. If如果;B. Unless除非;C. Because因为;D. When当……时候。结合语境可知,从句表主句动作发生的否定条件,即“天气不改善时,才需要取消户外活动”,应用Unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。故选B。
2、 句型转换(每空一词)。
1. I will go out. It stops raining.
I will go out ________ it stops raining.
【答案】when
2. He didn’t come. He was busy.
He didn’t come ________ he was busy.
【答案】because
3. You will fail. You work hard.
You will fail ________ you work hard.
【答案】unless
4. You can choose any place. You want to stay there.
You can stay ________ you want.
【答案】wherever
5. She ran fast. She caught the bus.
She ran so fast ________ she caught the bus.
【答案】that
6. I’ll tell him the news. I see him.
I’ll tell him the news ________ I see him.
【答案】as soon as
7. You will get good grades. You keep trying.
You will get good grades ________ you keep trying.
【答案】if
8. I wash hands. I have meals.
I wash hands ________ I have meals.
【答案】before
9. He lost his way. He cried loudly.
He lost his way, ________ he cried loudly.
【答案】so
10. I have lived here. I left school.
I have lived here ________ I left school.
【答案】since
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