人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 1 The Changing World 暑假预习知识练习单（解析版+原卷版）

人教版九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 暑假预习单 - 学生版（预习练习用） 姓名：______________ 班级：______________ 日期：______________ ① 知识梳理 A. 核心词汇 1. ______________ n.高速公路；公路 • 词形变换：复数 ________________ • 搭配：a new ______________ 一条新高速公路；build a ______________ 修建高速公路；______________ system 高速公路网 • 例句：A new ______________ has been built, and the travel time has been cut to just half an hour. （一条新高速公路建成了，出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。） 2. ______________ n.铁路 • 词形变换：复数 ________________ • 搭配：a new ______________ 一条新铁路；______________ station 火车站；by ______________ 乘火车 • 例句：The new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi ______________ was opened in 2017. （新的480公里蒙内铁路于2017年通车。） 3. ____________ n.桥；桥梁 • 词形变换：复数 ______________ • 搭配：cross the ____________ 过桥；build a ____________ 建桥；high ____________ 高架桥 • 例句：The ____________ made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city. （这座桥让村民们过河进城变得方便了。） 4. ______________ n.首都；省会；大写字母 • 词形变换：复数 ________________ • 搭配：the ______________ of... ……的首都；______________ city 首都城市；______________ letter 大写字母 • 例句：Beijing, China's ______________, hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. （中国首都北京举办了2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会。） 5. __________________ n./v.交通；运输；运送 • 词形变换：三单 ____________________；过去式/过去分词 ______________________；现在分词 ________________________；名词形式 ____________________________（交通运输） • 搭配：__________________ links 交通连接；public __________________ 公共交通；__________________ of food 食物运输 • 例句：The railway has also made the __________________ of food easier. （这条铁路也让食物运输变得更方便了。） 6. __________________ n.沙尘暴 • 词形变换：复数 ____________________ • 搭配：a terrible __________________ 一场可怕的沙尘暴；__________________ weather 沙尘暴天气 • 例句：There used to be ____________________ all the time in that area. （那个地区过去总是有沙尘暴。） 7. ________ n.灌木；灌木丛 • 词形变换：复数 ____________ • 搭配：plant ____________ 种植灌木；hold the soil together 把土壤固定在一起 • 例句：Locals found a ________ that had roots that could hold the soil together. （当地人发现了一种灌木，它的根能把土壤固定在一起。） 8. ________ n.根；根源 • 词形变换：复数 __________ • 搭配：the __________ of the trees 树根；hold the soil together 固定土壤；the ________ of the problem 问题的根源 • 例句：The __________ of bushes and trees hold the soil together. （灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。） 9. ________ n.土壤；土地 • 搭配：hold the ________ together 固定土壤；sandy ________ 沙质土壤；rich ________ 肥沃的土壤 • 例句：The roots of the trees hold the ________ together, and the environment has greatly improved. （树根把土壤固定在一起，环境也得到了极大的改善。） 10. ______________________ n.环境；自然环境 • 词形变换：形容词形式 __________________________（环境的） • 搭配：protect the ______________________ 保护环境；improve the ______________________ 改善环境；__________________________ protection 环境保护 • 例句：The ______________________ has greatly improved since they planted trees. （自从他们种树以来，环境已经大大改善了。） 11. ________________ adj.极冷的；冰冻的 • 词形变换：动词形式 ____________（冻结；结冰）；过去式 __________；过去分词 ____________（冷冻的） • 搭配：below ________________ 零度以下；________________ cold 极其寒冷；________________ point 冰点 • 例句：Temperatures were below ________________ during the winter. （冬天的时候气温在零度以下。） 12. ______________ n.产品；制品 • 词形变换：复数 ________________；动词形式 ______________（生产；制造）；名词形式 ____________________（生产；产量） • 搭配：local ________________ 当地产品；digital ______________ 数字产品；sell ________________ online 在网上销售产品 • 例句：A digital ______________ is something you sell online and doesn't have a physical form. （数字产品是你在网上销售的、没有实体形态的东西。） 13. ________ n.玉米；谷物 • 搭配：________ fields 玉米田；grow ________ 种玉米 • 例句：The ________ fields are now covered with green plants. （玉米田现在覆盖着绿色的植物。） 14. ________ adj.宽的；宽阔的；广泛的 • 词形变换：比较级 __________；最高级 ____________；副词形式 ____________（广泛地）；反义词 narrow（窄的） • 搭配：________ road 宽阔的道路；____________ used 被广泛使用；________ open 大敞着 • 例句：The road used to be narrow and dirty. Now, it is ________ and clean. （这条路过去又窄又脏。现在，它又宽又干净。） 15. __________ adj.沙的；多沙的 • 词形变换：名词形式 ________（沙子）；比较级 sandier；最高级 sandiest • 搭配：__________ soil 沙质土壤；__________ beach 沙滩 • 例句：The hills used to be covered with __________ soil, but now they are covered with green plants. （山丘过去覆盖着沙质土壤，现在覆盖着绿色植物。） 16. __________ n.卡车；（英式）运货汽车 • 词形变换：复数 ______________ • 搭配：drive a __________ 开卡车；a heavy __________ 重型卡车；__________ driver 卡车司机 • 例句：In the past, ______________ carried goods along the narrow roads. （过去，卡车沿着狭窄的道路运输货物。） 17. ______________ v.吸引；引起 • 词形变换：名词形式 ____________________（吸引力；景点）；形容词形式 ____________________（有吸引力的）；过去式/过去分词 __________________ • 搭配：______________ tourists 吸引游客；tourist ____________________ 旅游景点；feel __________________ to 被吸引 • 例句：The village has become a tourist ____________________ and attracts many visitors every year. （这个村庄成了一个旅游景点，每年吸引许多游客。） 18. ____________________ n.政府 • 词形变换：动词形式 ____________（统治；管理）；形容词形式 ________________________（政府的） • 搭配：the ____________________ 政府；____________________ support 政府支持；local ____________________ 地方政府 • 例句：The ____________________ has given a lot of support to the village. （政府给了这个村庄很多支持。） 19. ______________________ 结果；因此 • 搭配：______________________ 结果；因此；as a result of... 由于…… • 例句：Great changes have taken place ______________________, and people's lives have improved. （结果发生了巨大的变化，人们的生活得到了改善。） 20. ____________________________________ 旅游景点；名胜 • 词形变换：复数 ______________________________________ • 搭配：a famous ____________________________________ 著名景点；become a ____________________________________ 成为旅游景点 • 例句：The old town has become a popular ____________________________________. （这座古镇成了一个受欢迎的旅游景点。） B. 核心词组 1. ____________________ 过去常常做（现在不做了） • 例句：We ______________ have to travel far to see a doctor. （我们过去常常要跑很远才能看医生。） 2. ________________________________ 习惯于做（to是介词，后接doing） • 例句：He is ______________ getting up early. （他习惯于早起。） 3. ____________________ 发生；举行（无被动语态） • 例句：Great changes have ______________________ in our city. （我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。） 4. ______________________________________ 缩短出行时间 • 例句：The new highway has ________ the travel time to just half an hour. （新高速公路把出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。） 5. ____________________________________________ 把土壤固定在一起 • 例句：The roots of trees can ________ the soil together. （树根可以把土壤固定在一起。） 6. ______________________________ 被……覆盖 • 例句：The hills are ________________________ green plants. （山丘被绿色植物覆盖。） 7. ______________________ 结果；因此 • 例句：People planted many trees. ______________________, the environment has improved. （人们种了很多树。结果，环境改善了。） 8. ____________________________________ 旅游景点；名胜 • 例句：The village has become a famous ____________________________________. （这个村庄成了著名的旅游景点。） 9. ______________________________________ 在……的支持下 • 例句：______________________________________ the government, the village has developed rapidly. （在政府的支持下，村庄发展迅速。） 10. ______________________________________________ 改善环境 • 例句：Planting trees is a good way to ______________ the environment. （种树是改善环境的好方法。） C. 语法要点 (一) ____________________ 过去常常做 ★ 定义：____________________ 用来表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态，暗含"现在已经不再这样了"的意思。 ★ 基本结构：主语 + ______________ + 动词原形 例句：We ______________ have to travel far to see a doctor. ★ 否定形式：主语 + ____________________________ + 动词原形（借助did后，used还原为use） 例句：He __________________________ like vegetables, but now he loves them. ★ 疑问形式：________ + 主语 + ____________ + 动词原形？ 例句：________ you ____________ walk to school? ★ 易错：____________________ vs ________________________________ ____________________ = 过去常常做（现在不做了） ________________________________ = 习惯于做（现在仍然在做，to是介词，后接doing） 对比：I ____________________________ early.（过去常常早起，但现在不了） 　　　I __________________________________________ early.（现在已经习惯了早起） (二) __________ Present Perfect Tense ★ 定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，或从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 ★ 基本结构：主语 + ________________ + ________ 例句：Our village ____________________________ a new hospital. ★ 常见时间标志词：______________, ________, ________, ________, __________, ________+时间段, __________+时间点/从句, ____________________________________+时间段 ★ ________________________ vs ________________________：________________________ + 地点 = 曾经去过某地（已回来） ________________________ + 地点 = 已经去了某地（还没回来） 对比：I ________________________ Beijing twice.（去过，已回来） 　　　He ______________________ Beijing. He'll be back next week.（去了，还没回来） ★ ________ vs __________：________ + 时间段（回答"多久"）/ __________ + 时间点或从句（回答"从什么时候开始"） ★ 易错：不能与过去具体时间连用；短暂性动词需换延续性动词 ❌ I __________________ him yesterday. → ✅ I ________ him yesterday. ❌ I ______________________ this book for two years. → ✅ I ________________ this book for two years. (三) __________ Simple Past Tense ★ 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，和现在没有直接联系。 ★ 基本结构：主语 + __________ 例句：The new hospital ____________ last Friday. ★ 常见时间标志词：__________________, ________________________________________, ____________, ______________, ________________等 ★ 与现在完成时的核心区别：__________：只陈述过去的事实，不强调对现在的影响 __________：强调过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果 对比：The railway ____________ in 2017.（陈述2017年的事实） 　　　The railway ______________ the travel time.（强调变化的结果） ② 基础闯关 A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词） 1. The new _______________（高速公路）has made travel much faster. 2. The _______________（铁路）was opened in 2017 and cut travel time between the two cities. 3. The _______________（桥）made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river. 4. Temperatures were below _______________（冰冻的）last winter. It was very cold. 5. The farmers grow _______________（玉米）in the fields every year. 6. The road is much _______________（宽的）now than before. It used to be very narrow. 7. The hills around our village were covered with _______________（沙的）soil. 8. Our village has become a tourist _______________（景点）and many visitors come here. 9. The _______________（政府）has given a lot of support to the village. 10. Great changes have taken place _______________（结果；因此）, and people's lives have improved. B. 单项选择 11. ______ you ______ to school by bike? A. Did; use B. Did; used C. Do; use D. Were; used 12. Great changes ______ in our city over the last ten years. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. were taken place 13. He is used to ______ early and taking a walk in the park. A. getting up B. get up C. got up D. gets up 14. The new library ______ last Friday. I ______ there twice. A. opened; have been B. has opened; went C. opened; have gone D. has opened; have been 15. I ______ this book for two weeks. I ______ it in a bookstore. A. have had; bought B. have bought; bought C. had; have bought D. bought; have bought 16. — Where is your brother? — He ______ the supermarket. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 17. There ______ no shops here in the past. Now there ______ a big shopping street. A. used to be; is B. used to be; has C. were; has been D. are; is 18. I haven't seen her ______ she moved to Shanghai. A. since B. for C. before D. after 19. The new highway ______ in 2018, which greatly improved the transport. A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built 20. — Have you ever ______ to Beijing? — Yes, I ______ there twice. A. been; have been B. gone; have gone C. been; went D. gone; was ③ 点拨培优 A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 21.My hometown _______________ (change) a lot in the last five years. 22.We _______________ (use to) ride bikes to school, but now we take the bus. 23.The new school _______________ (open) last September. 24.I _______________ never _______________ (travel) abroad, but I want to go next year. 25.He is used to _______________ (get) up early every morning. 26.The railway _______________ (cut) the travel time since it opened. 27.Great changes _______________ (take place) in the village over the years. 28.She _______________ (live) in this city for ten years since she moved here. B. 句型转换 29.He used to play basketball after school.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ ______ basketball after school? 30.The new bridge was built in 2020.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the new bridge ______? 31.I have lived here since 2018.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ have you lived here? 32.She has gone to the library. She will be back soon.（合并为一句） She ______ ______ ______ the library and will be back soon. 33.They have been married for five years.（改为同义句） They ______ ______ five years ______ they got married. 34.The old man used to smoke a lot.（改为否定句） The old man ______ ______ ______ ______ a lot. 35.I bought this book two weeks ago.（改为同义句，用for改写） I ______ ______ this book ______ two weeks. 36.He has already finished his homework.（改为否定句） He ______ finished his homework ______. ④ 高分冲刺 A. 完形填空 China's high-speed railway network has grown (1)______ over the past two decades. In 2008, the country opened its first high-speed line between Beijing and Tianjin. Since then, the network (2)______ rapidly, connecting major cities across the nation. One of the most important projects is the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya, (3)______ was built with China's help and opened in 2017. Before the railway, (4)______ from Mombasa to Nairobi took over ten hours by road. Now, the train ride takes only about five hours, (5)______ the travel time by half. The railway has also made the (6)______ of goods much easier and cheaper. In China itself, high-speed trains have changed people's daily lives. Passengers used to (7)______ long hours on slow trains. Today, they can travel between cities in a fraction of the time. The trains are comfortable and (8)______, and ticket prices are affordable for most people. However, building these railways is not without challenges. Some people worry about the (9)______ impact on local communities and the environment. Despite these concerns, the Chinese government continues to (10)______ in railway development, believing that better transport will bring more opportunities for everyone. ( ) 1. A. rapidly B. slowly C. quietly D. secretly ( ) 2. A. grew B. has grown C. is growing D. was growing ( ) 3. A. that B. what C. which D. where ( ) 4. A. travelling B. travel C. travelled D. to travelling ( ) 5. A. cutting B. to cut C. cut D. cutted ( ) 6. A. transport B. product C. attraction D. environment ( ) 7. A. spend B. spending C. spent D. have spent ( ) 8. A. freezing B. convenient C. sandy D. narrow ( ) 9. A. freezing B. convenient C. environmental D. wide ( ) 10.A. attract B. invest C. improve D. transport B. 阅读理解 What makes a city "smart"? A smart city uses digital technology to collect data and manage resources more efficiently. Around the world, cities are using smart technology to solve traffic problems, improve public services, and protect the environment. In Hangzhou, the "City Brain" system uses artificial intelligence (AI) to control traffic lights in real time. Before the system was introduced, traffic jams were a major problem during rush hours. Now, the average travel time has been cut by 15%, and traffic accidents have decreased significantly. Smart technology is also transforming public services. In some Chinese cities, residents can pay bills, book hospital appointments, and even report problems through a single app. This has greatly improved the efficiency of city services and saved people a lot of time. Environmental protection is another key area. Smart sensors monitor air quality across the city and send warnings when pollution levels are too high. Streetlights that can adjust their brightness based on the number of people nearby help save energy. Some cities have even started using AI to sort waste more effectively. However, building smart cities is not without challenges. Privacy concerns have attracted public attention, as large amounts of personal data are collected every day. Some people worry that their information might be misused. City planners must find a balance between convenience and privacy protection. Despite these challenges, the trend towards smarter cities seems unstoppable. As technology continues to develop, our cities will become more convenient, more efficient, and hopefully more people-friendly. ( )11. What does the "City Brain" system in Hangzhou do? A. It collects money from drivers. B. It uses AI to control traffic lights. C. It teaches people how to drive. D. It builds new roads automatically. ( )12. How has the City Brain changed traffic in Hangzhou? A. The number of cars has decreased. B. All traffic jams have disappeared. C. The average travel time has been reduced by 15%. D. People no longer drive during rush hours. ( )13. What can residents do through the smart city app according to the passage? A. Buy houses and cars. B. Pay bills and book hospital appointments. C. Control traffic lights at home. D. Build their own smart systems. ( )14. What is the main concern about smart cities mentioned in the passage? A. The technology is too expensive. B. Smart streetlights waste too much energy. C. Personal data might be misused. D. People prefer long queues at government offices. ( )15. What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Chinese Railways B. How to Build a New City C. Smart Cities: Technology Changing Urban Life D. Why People Move to Big Cities ⑤ 书面表达 书面表达 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom发来邮件，想了解你的家乡近几年的变化。请根据以下提示，给他回一封邮件，介绍你家乡的变化。 内容包括： 1. 交通方面的变化（如道路、公交等）； 2. 环境方面的变化（如绿化、空气等）； 3. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 词数80-100词； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇（可选用）：highway railway environment improve as a result tourist attraction Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last few years. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版九年级上册 Unit 1 The Changing World 暑假预习单 - 解析版（教师/家长用） ① 学习目标 • 掌握本单元20个核心词汇的词形变换、常用搭配及用法 • 掌握10个核心词组的意义、用法并能熟练运用 • 掌握三种时态（used to do、现在完成时、一般过去时）的用法区别 • 能运用所学时态和词汇描述家乡或生活的变化 • 能运用对比手法完成关于"变化"的书面表达 ② 核心词汇精讲 1. highway n.高速公路；公路 • 词形变换：复数 highways • 搭配：a new highway 一条新高速公路；build a highway 修建高速公路；highway system 高速公路网 • 例句：A new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut to just half an hour. （一条新高速公路建成了，出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。） 2. railway n.铁路 • 词形变换：复数 railways • 搭配：a new railway 一条新铁路；railway station 火车站；by railway 乘火车 • 例句：The new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened in 2017. （新的480公里蒙内铁路于2017年通车。） 3. bridge n.桥；桥梁 • 词形变换：复数 bridges • 搭配：cross the bridge 过桥；build a bridge 建桥；high bridge 高架桥 • 例句：The bridge made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river to the city. （这座桥让村民们过河进城变得方便了。） 4. capital n.首都；省会；大写字母 • 词形变换：复数 capitals • 搭配：the capital of... ……的首都；capital city 首都城市；capital letter 大写字母 • 例句：Beijing, China's capital, hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. （中国首都北京举办了2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会。） 5. transport n./v.交通；运输；运送 • 词形变换：三单 transports；过去式/过去分词 transported；现在分词 transporting；名词形式 transportation（交通运输） • 搭配：transport links 交通连接；public transport 公共交通；transport of food 食物运输 • 例句：The railway has also made the transport of food easier. （这条铁路也让食物运输变得更方便了。） 6. sandstorm n.沙尘暴 • 词形变换：复数 sandstorms • 搭配：a terrible sandstorm 一场可怕的沙尘暴；sandstorm weather 沙尘暴天气 • 例句：There used to be sandstorms all the time in that area. （那个地区过去总是有沙尘暴。） 7. bush n.灌木；灌木丛 • 词形变换：复数 bushes • 搭配：plant bushes 种植灌木；hold the soil together 把土壤固定在一起 • 例句：Locals found a bush that had roots that could hold the soil together. （当地人发现了一种灌木，它的根能把土壤固定在一起。） 8. root n.根；根源 • 词形变换：复数 roots • 搭配：the roots of the trees 树根；hold the soil together 固定土壤；the root of the problem 问题的根源 • 例句：The roots of bushes and trees hold the soil together. （灌木和树木的根把土壤固定在一起。） 9. soil n.土壤；土地 • 搭配：hold the soil together 固定土壤；sandy soil 沙质土壤；rich soil 肥沃的土壤 • 例句：The roots of the trees hold the soil together, and the environment has greatly improved. （树根把土壤固定在一起，环境也得到了极大的改善。） 10. environment n.环境；自然环境 • 词形变换：形容词形式 environmental（环境的） • 搭配：protect the environment 保护环境；improve the environment 改善环境；environmental protection 环境保护 • 例句：The environment has greatly improved since they planted trees. （自从他们种树以来，环境已经大大改善了。） 11. freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 • 词形变换：动词形式 freeze（冻结；结冰）；过去式 froze；过去分词 frozen（冷冻的） • 搭配：below freezing 零度以下；freezing cold 极其寒冷；freezing point 冰点 • 例句：Temperatures were below freezing during the winter. （冬天的时候气温在零度以下。） 12. product n.产品；制品 • 词形变换：复数 products；动词形式 produce（生产；制造）；名词形式 production（生产；产量） • 搭配：local products 当地产品；digital product 数字产品；sell products online 在网上销售产品 • 例句：A digital product is something you sell online and doesn't have a physical form. （数字产品是你在网上销售的、没有实体形态的东西。） 13. corn n.玉米；谷物 • 搭配：corn fields 玉米田；grow corn 种玉米 • 例句：The corn fields are now covered with green plants. （玉米田现在覆盖着绿色的植物。） 14. wide adj.宽的；宽阔的；广泛的 • 词形变换：比较级 wider；最高级 widest；副词形式 widely（广泛地）；反义词 narrow（窄的） • 搭配：wide road 宽阔的道路；widely used 被广泛使用；wide open 大敞着 • 例句：The road used to be narrow and dirty. Now, it is wide and clean. （这条路过去又窄又脏。现在，它又宽又干净。） 15. sandy adj.沙的；多沙的 • 词形变换：名词形式 sand（沙子）；比较级 sandier；最高级 sandiest • 搭配：sandy soil 沙质土壤；sandy beach 沙滩 • 例句：The hills used to be covered with sandy soil, but now they are covered with green plants. （山丘过去覆盖着沙质土壤，现在覆盖着绿色植物。） 16. lorry n.卡车；（英式）运货汽车 • 词形变换：复数 lorries • 搭配：drive a lorry 开卡车；a heavy lorry 重型卡车；lorry driver 卡车司机 • 例句：In the past, lorries carried goods along the narrow roads. （过去，卡车沿着狭窄的道路运输货物。） 17. attract v.吸引；引起 • 词形变换：名词形式 attraction（吸引力；景点）；形容词形式 attractive（有吸引力的）；过去式/过去分词 attracted • 搭配：attract tourists 吸引游客；tourist attraction 旅游景点；feel attracted to 被吸引 • 例句：The village has become a tourist attraction and attracts many visitors every year. （这个村庄成了一个旅游景点，每年吸引许多游客。） 18. government n.政府 • 词形变换：动词形式 govern（统治；管理）；形容词形式 governmental（政府的） • 搭配：the government 政府；government support 政府支持；local government 地方政府 • 例句：The government has given a lot of support to the village. （政府给了这个村庄很多支持。） 19. as a result 结果；因此 • 搭配：as a result 结果；因此；as a result of... 由于…… • 例句：Great changes have taken place as a result, and people's lives have improved. （结果发生了巨大的变化，人们的生活得到了改善。） 20. tourist attraction 旅游景点；名胜 • 词形变换：复数 tourist attractions • 搭配：a famous tourist attraction 著名景点；become a tourist attraction 成为旅游景点 • 例句：The old town has become a popular tourist attraction. （这座古镇成了一个受欢迎的旅游景点。） ③ 核心词组精讲 1. used to do 过去常常做（现在不做了） • 例句：We used to have to travel far to see a doctor. （我们过去常常要跑很远才能看医生。） 2. be used to doing 习惯于做（to是介词，后接doing） • 例句：He is used to getting up early. （他习惯于早起。） 3. take place 发生；举行（无被动语态） • 例句：Great changes have taken place in our city. （我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。） 4. cut the travel time 缩短出行时间 • 例句：The new highway has cut the travel time to just half an hour. （新高速公路把出行时间缩短到了仅仅半小时。） 5. hold the soil together 把土壤固定在一起 • 例句：The roots of trees can hold the soil together. （树根可以把土壤固定在一起。） 6. be covered with 被……覆盖 • 例句：The hills are covered with green plants. （山丘被绿色植物覆盖。） 7. as a result 结果；因此 • 例句：People planted many trees. As a result, the environment has improved. （人们种了很多树。结果，环境改善了。） 8. tourist attraction 旅游景点；名胜 • 例句：The village has become a famous tourist attraction. （这个村庄成了著名的旅游景点。） 9. with the support of 在……的支持下 • 例句：With the support of the government, the village has developed rapidly. （在政府的支持下，村庄发展迅速。） 10. improve the environment 改善环境 • 例句：Planting trees is a good way to improve the environment. （种树是改善环境的好方法。） ④ 语法精讲 (一) used to do 过去常常做 ★ 定义：used to do 用来表示过去常常做某事或过去存在的状态，暗含"现在已经不再这样了"的意思。 ★ 基本结构：主语 + used to + 动词原形 例句：We used to have to travel far to see a doctor. ★ 否定形式：主语 + did not use to + 动词原形（借助did后，used还原为use） 例句：He didn't use to like vegetables, but now he loves them. ★ 疑问形式：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ 例句：Did you use to walk to school? ★ 易错：used to do vs be used to doing used to do = 过去常常做（现在不做了） be used to doing = 习惯于做（现在仍然在做，to是介词，后接doing） 对比：I used to get up early.（过去常常早起，但现在不了） 　　　I am used to getting up early.（现在已经习惯了早起） (二) 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense ★ 定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响，或从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 ★ 基本结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 例句：Our village has just built a new hospital. ★ 常见时间标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, for+时间段, since+时间点/从句, over the last/past+时间段 ★ have been to vs have gone to：have been to + 地点 = 曾经去过某地（已回来） have gone to + 地点 = 已经去了某地（还没回来） 对比：I have been to Beijing twice.（去过，已回来） 　　　He has gone to Beijing. He'll be back next week.（去了，还没回来） ★ for vs since：for + 时间段（回答"多久"）/ since + 时间点或从句（回答"从什么时候开始"） ★ 易错：不能与过去具体时间连用；短暂性动词需换延续性动词 ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✅ I saw him yesterday. ❌ I have bought this book for two years. → ✅ I have had this book for two years. (三) 一般过去时 Simple Past Tense ★ 定义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，和现在没有直接联系。 ★ 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式 例句：The new hospital opened last Friday. ★ 常见时间标志词：yesterday, last week/month/year, ...ago, in 2020, just now等 ★ 与现在完成时的核心区别：一般过去时：只陈述过去的事实，不强调对现在的影响 现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果 对比：The railway opened in 2017.（陈述2017年的事实） 　　　The railway has cut the travel time.（强调变化的结果） ⑤ 基础闯关 A. 根据句意及中文提示完成单词（每空一词） 1. The new _______________（高速公路）has made travel much faster. 答案：highway 解析：highway意为"高速公路"，根据中文提示填写。 2.The _______________（铁路）was opened in 2017 and cut travel time between the two cities. 答案：railway 解析：railway意为"铁路"，过去时opened提示此处填名词。 3.The _______________（桥）made it convenient for the villagers to travel across the river. 答案：bridge 解析：bridge意为"桥"，作主语用单数形式。 4.Temperatures were below _______________（冰冻的）last winter. It was very cold. 答案：freezing 解析：freezing意为"极冷的；冰冻的"，below freezing表示"零度以下"。 5.The farmers grow _______________（玉米）in the fields every year. 答案：corn 解析：corn意为"玉米"，不可数名词，用原形。 6.The road is much _______________（宽的）now than before. It used to be very narrow. 答案：wider 解析：wide意为"宽的"，than提示用比较级wider。 7.The hills around our village were covered with _______________（沙的）soil. 答案：sandy 解析：sandy意为"沙的"，修饰名词soil用形容词形式。 8.Our village has become a tourist _______________（景点）and many visitors come here. 答案：attraction 解析：tourist attraction是固定搭配，attraction是attract的名词形式。 9.The _______________（政府）has given a lot of support to the village. 答案：government 解析：government意为"政府"，作主语用单数。 10.Great changes have taken place _______________（结果；因此）, and people's lives have improved. 答案：as a result 解析：as a result意为"结果；因此"，表示因果关系。 B. 单项选择 11. ______ you ______ to school by bike? A. Did; use B. Did; used C. Do; use D. Were; used 答案：A 解析：考查used to的疑问形式。借助Did时，used要还原为use，故选A。 12.Great changes ______ in our city over the last ten years. A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. were taken place 答案：A 解析：over the last ten years是现在完成时标志词，take place无被动语态，故选A。 13.He is used to ______ early and taking a walk in the park. A. getting up B. get up C. got up D. gets up 答案：A 解析：be used to doing表示"习惯于做某事"，to是介词，后接doing，故选A。 14. The new library ______ last Friday. I ______ there twice. A. opened; have been B. has opened; went C. opened; have gone D. has opened; have been 答案：A 解析：last Friday是过去时间，用一般过去时opened；twice表示去过两次，用have been to，故选A。 15.I ______ this book for two weeks. I ______ it in a bookstore. A. have had; bought B. have bought; bought C. had; have bought D. bought; have bought 答案：A 解析：for two weeks是现在完成时标志词，buy是短暂性动词需换延续性动词have had；in a bookstore是过去时间，用bought。 16.— Where is your brother? — He ______ the supermarket. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 答案：A 解析：has gone to表示去了还没回来，符合"Where is your brother?"的语境。 17.There ______ no shops here in the past. Now there ______ a big shopping street. A. used to be; is B. used to be; has C. were; has been D. are; is 答案：A 解析：in the past提示用used to be表示过去的状态；now there is是存在句型。 18.I haven't seen her ______ she moved to Shanghai. A. since B. for C. before D. after 答案：A 解析：since引导过去的时间点/从句，与现在完成时连用。 19.The new highway ______ in 2018, which greatly improved the transport. A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built 答案：B 解析：in 2018是过去时间，highway与build之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。 20.— Have you ever ______ to Beijing? — Yes, I ______ there twice. A. been; have been B. gone; have gone C. been; went D. gone; was 答案：A 解析：Have you ever been to表示"去过"；twice用have been to表示去过几次。 ⑥ 点拨培优 A. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 21. My hometown _______________ (change) a lot in the last five years. 答案：has changed 解析：in the last five years是现在完成时标志词，主语是单数，用has changed。 22.We _______________ (use to) ride bikes to school, but now we take the bus. 答案：used to 解析：used to do表示过去常常做，后接动词原形ride。 23.The new school _______________ (open) last September. 答案：opened 解析：last September是过去时间，用一般过去时opened。 24.I _______________ never _______________ (travel) abroad, but I want to go next year. 答案：have; travelled 解析：never常与现在完成时连用，主语I用have travelled。 25.He is used to _______________ (get) up early every morning. 答案：getting 解析：be used to doing表示"习惯于做"，to是介词，后接动名词getting。 26.The railway _______________ (cut) the travel time since it opened. 答案：has cut 解析：since引导从句，主句用现在完成时has cut。 27.Great changes _______________ (take place) in the village over the years. 答案：have taken place 解析：over the years是现在完成时标志词，take place无被动语态。 28.She _______________ (live) in this city for ten years since she moved here. 答案：has lived 解析：for ten years是现在完成时标志词，用has lived。 B. 句型转换 29. He used to play basketball after school.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ ______ basketball after school? 答案：Did; use to play 解析：used to的疑问句借助did，used还原为use。 30. The new bridge was built in 2020.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the new bridge ______? 答案：When was; built 解析：对时间提问用when，被动语态was built保持不变。 31. I have lived here since 2018.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ have you lived here? 答案：How long 解析：对时间段提问用how long。 32. She has gone to the library. She will be back soon.（合并为一句） She ______ ______ ______ the library and will be back soon. 答案：has gone to 解析：has gone to表示去了还没回来，符合will be back soon的语境。 33. They have been married for five years.（改为同义句） They ______ ______ five years ______ they got married. 答案：have been; since 解析：for+时间段=since+时间点，five years ago转为since从句。 34. The old man used to smoke a lot.（改为否定句） The old man ______ ______ ______ ______ a lot. 答案：didn't use to smoke / used not to smoke 解析：used to的否定借助did，used还原为use；也可直接用used not to。 35. I bought this book two weeks ago.（改为同义句，用for改写） I ______ ______ this book ______ two weeks. 答案：have had; for 解析：buy是短暂性动词，需换延续性动词have had；for+时间段。 36. He has already finished his homework.（改为否定句） He ______ finished his homework ______. 答案：hasn't; yet 解析：already在否定句中变为yet，位于句末。 ⑦ 高分冲刺 A. 完形填空 China's high-speed railway network has grown (1)______ over the past two decades. In 2008, the country opened its first high-speed line between Beijing and Tianjin. Since then, the network (2)______ rapidly, connecting major cities across the nation. One of the most important projects is the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya, (3)______ was built with China's help and opened in 2017. Before the railway, (4)______ from Mombasa to Nairobi took over ten hours by road. Now, the train ride takes only about five hours, (5)______ the travel time by half. The railway has also made the (6)______ of goods much easier and cheaper. In China itself, high-speed trains have changed people's daily lives. Passengers used to (7)______ long hours on slow trains. Today, they can travel between cities in a fraction of the time. The trains are comfortable and (8)______, and ticket prices are affordable for most people. However, building these railways is not without challenges. Some people worry about the (9)______ impact on local communities and the environment. Despite these concerns, the Chinese government continues to (10)______ in railway development, believing that better transport will bring more opportunities for everyone. ( ) 1. A. rapidly B. slowly C. quietly D. secretly ( ) 2. A. grew B. has grown C. is growing D. was growing ( ) 3. A. that B. what C. which D. where ( ) 4. A. travelling B. travel C. travelled D. to travelling ( ) 5. A. cutting B. to cut C. cut D. cutted ( ) 6. A. transport B. product C. attraction D. environment ( ) 7. A. spend B. spending C. spent D. have spent ( ) 8. A. freezing B. convenient C. sandy D. narrow ( ) 9. A. freezing B. convenient C. environmental D. wide ( ) 10.A. attract B. invest C. improve D. transport 【答案与解析】 (1) A rapidly修饰动词grown，表示"迅速地"，符合高铁网络快速发展的语境。 (2) B Since then是现在完成时标志词，主语network是单数，用has grown。 (3) C which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的railway。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 (4) A travelling作动名词作主语，表示"从蒙巴萨到内罗毕的旅行"。 (5) A cutting the travel time by half是现在分词作伴随状语，表示主语动作带来的结果。 (6) A transport of goods表示"货物运输"，与前文语境一致。 (7) A used to后接动词原形，spend time doing sth.表示"花费时间做某事"。 (8) B convenient意为"方便的"，与comfortable并列，描述高铁的优点。 (9) C environmental impact表示"环境影响"，与后面的environment呼应。 (10) B invest in表示"投资于"，政府继续投资铁路发展。 B. 阅读理解 What makes a city "smart"? A smart city uses digital technology to collect data and manage resources more efficiently. Around the world, cities are using smart technology to solve traffic problems, improve public services, and protect the environment. In Hangzhou, the "City Brain" system uses artificial intelligence (AI) to control traffic lights in real time. Before the system was introduced, traffic jams were a major problem during rush hours. Now, the average travel time has been cut by 15%, and traffic accidents have decreased significantly. Smart technology is also transforming public services. In some Chinese cities, residents can pay bills, book hospital appointments, and even report problems through a single app. This has greatly improved the efficiency of city services and saved people a lot of time. Environmental protection is another key area. Smart sensors monitor air quality across the city and send warnings when pollution levels are too high. Streetlights that can adjust their brightness based on the number of people nearby help save energy. Some cities have even started using AI to sort waste more effectively. However, building smart cities is not without challenges. Privacy concerns have attracted public attention, as large amounts of personal data are collected every day. Some people worry that their information might be misused. City planners must find a balance between convenience and privacy protection. Despite these challenges, the trend towards smarter cities seems unstoppable. As technology continues to develop, our cities will become more convenient, more efficient, and hopefully more people-friendly. ( )11. What does the "City Brain" system in Hangzhou do? A. It collects money from drivers. B. It uses AI to control traffic lights. C. It teaches people how to drive. D. It builds new roads automatically. 答案：B 解析：第二段明确提到"the City Brain system uses artificial intelligence (AI) to control traffic lights in real time"。 ( )12. How has the City Brain changed traffic in Hangzhou? A. The number of cars has decreased. B. All traffic jams have disappeared. C. The average travel time has been reduced by 15%. D. People no longer drive during rush hours. 答案：C 解析：第二段指出"the average travel time has been cut by 15%"，cut等于reduced。 ( )13. What can residents do through the smart city app according to the passage? A. Buy houses and cars. B. Pay bills and book hospital appointments. C. Control traffic lights at home. D. Build their own smart systems. 答案：B 解析：第三段提到"residents can pay bills, book hospital appointments, and even report problems through a single app"。 ( )14. What is the main concern about smart cities mentioned in the passage? A. The technology is too expensive. B. Smart streetlights waste too much energy. C. Personal data might be misused. D. People prefer long queues at government offices. 答案：C 解析：第五段提到"Some people worry that their information might be misused"，即隐私数据可能被滥用的担忧。 ( )15. What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Chinese Railways B. How to Build a New City C. Smart Cities: Technology Changing Urban Life D. Why People Move to Big Cities 答案：C 解析：全文围绕"智慧城市如何用科技改变城市生活"展开，C项最全面概括了文章主旨。 ⑧ 书面表达 书面表达 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom发来邮件，想了解你的家乡近几年的变化。请根据以下提示，给他回一封邮件，介绍你家乡的变化。 内容包括： 1. 交通方面的变化（如道路、公交等）； 2. 环境方面的变化（如绿化、空气等）； 3. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 词数80-100词； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇（可选用）：highway railway environment improve as a result tourist attraction Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last few years. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the last few years. In the past, the roads were narrow and dirty. It used to take us over two hours to travel to the city centre. However, a new highway has been built, and the travel time has been cut to just half an hour. The railway station has also been improved, making it more convenient to travel to other cities. The environment has improved as well. The hills used to be covered with sandy soil, but now they are covered with green trees and bushes. As a result, sandstorms are much less common than before. I'm proud of the changes in my hometown. I believe it will become even better in the future. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【写作要点分析】 1. 开头：回应对方来信，点明主题——Great changes have taken place（现在完成时点题） 2. 交通变化：用used to描述过去（过去常常花费2小时）+ 现在完成时描述变化（has been built, has been cut） 3. 环境变化：用used to be描述过去（沙质土壤）+ 被动语态are covered with描述现在 + as a result引出结果 4. 结尾：表达感受（I'm proud of...）+ 展望未来（will become even better） 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $