专题01 必修三Units 1～4 教材核心知识串讲（期末复习课件）高一英语下学期译林版

这是一份高中英语期末复习课件，针对译林版必修第三册Units 1~4，包含考情透视、知识梳理、语法串讲、考场练兵四大模块。通过课标要求与考情分析明确复习方向，系统梳理单元重点词汇、短语、句型，详解省略和非谓语动词语法，辅以多样化实战训练。 资料特色突出核心素养培养，考情分析融入环保、科学等主题提升文化意识，知识梳理结合词形变化和写作句式强化语言能力，语法串讲通过规则总结与即时检测发展思维品质，实战训练任务驱动培养学习能力。实例丰富如非谓语动词作状语讲解，能帮助高一学生夯实基础提升应试能力，为教师提供系统复习方案，助力学生适应高中学习节奏。

期末复习考点串讲 Units 1~4 译林版·英语·必修第三册 01 考情透视·目标导航 目 录 语法串讲·融会贯通 知识梳理·夯实基础 考场练兵·实战训练 02 03 04 （人称代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格） （单词、短语、句型积累） 课标要求 考情分析 第一部分 考情透视·目标导航 考情透视·目标导航 课标要求 掌握和运用环境保护，与自然灾害以及自救知识，网络，科学相关的词汇；探究归纳省略，非谓语动词等语法现象的规则并在语境中正确使用 。 了解热带雨林、动物保护的相关知识，培养人和自然和谐相处的意识。了解自然灾害的类型、危害和逃生知识；从文学作品中了解火山爆发导致庞培古城消亡的历史；思考互联网的发展与用户使用习惯的关系；感受中外科学家的优秀品质,精神,相同点和不同点 掌握纪录片脚本和电视访谈节目脚本的结构和行文特征，学会分辨观点和论据并创造性地表达自己的观点 。正确认识自然灾害并学会如何自救；正确看待互联网和智能手机，培养辩证思维能力；引导学生认识科学的两面性 。 01 语言能力 02 文化意识 03 思维品质 04 学习能力 小组合作，制作关于环境问题的小册子。续写关于洪灾的故事；合作完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹。是否应该携带手机上学这一话题 以及校园科学节的设计方案 。 考情透视·目标导航 考情分析 考情分析 语法与词汇 复习省略和非谓语动词的用法；掌握和运用环境保护，与自然灾害以及自救知识，网络，科学相关的词汇；探究归纳省略，非谓语动词等语法现象的规则并在语境中正确使用。 阅读理解 掌握纪录片脚本和电视访谈节目脚本的结构和行文特征，学会分辨观点和论据并创造性地表达自己的观点 。正确认识自然灾害并学会如何自救；正确看待互联网和智能手机，培养辩证思维能力；引导学生认识科学的两面性 。 写作与表达 1.制作关于环境问题的小册子。 2. 续写关于洪灾的故事；合作完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹。 3. 是否应该携带手机上学这一话题 4. 校园科学节的设计方案 。 单词、短语、句型 第二部分 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点词汇会写 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 1. mass　　 n. 大量;团,块,堆;一大群adj. 大批的,广泛的 2. towering  adj. 高大的;高耸的;出色的 3. impact n. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 vt. &vi. 有影响,冲击 4. damage vt. & n. 损害,伤害,破坏,损坏 5. track n. 足迹,踪迹;小道;轨道;跑道;路线 vt. & vi. 跟踪,追踪 6. protest vi. 反对,抗议 vt. 反对;坚持声称,申辩 n. 抗议,反对 7. profit n. 利润,收益;好处 v. 获益,得到好处 8. process n. 过程,进程;步骤,流程 vt. 加工,处理 9. recycle vt. 回收利用,再利用 10. former adj. 昔日的,前任的;以前的,从前的 11. further adj. 更多的,更进一步的 adv. 较远,更远;进一步 vt. 促进,增进 一、重点词汇会写 词形变化 1. harm n. & vi. 损害;危害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的 2. region n. 地区,区域;行政区→regional adj. 地区的,区域的 3. long adj. 长的;冗长的→length n. 长度;长→lengthen vt. 加长 4. vary vi. 变化;变动→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n. 变化;多样(化);多变(性) 5. survive vi. & vt. 幸存;幸免;生还→survival n. 幸免;幸存;生还→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者  词形变化 6. appear v. 出现→appearance n. 外貌,出现→disappear v. 消失→disappearance n. 消失 7. apply vt. 涂;敷;搽;应用;运用 vi. 申请;请求;使用→application n. 申请→applicant n. 申请人 8. organize vt. 组织;成立→organizer n. 组织者→organized adj. 有组织的→organization n. 组织 9. absolute adj. 绝对的,完全的→absolutely adv. 绝对地,完全地 10. entire adj. 完全的,彻底的→entirely adv. 完全地,全部地 词形变化 11. defend v. 防卫,保护→defence n. 辩护;防御 12. economy n. 经济→economic adj. 经济的  13. official n. 官员adj. 公务的,正式的→officially adv. 官方地 14. poison n. 毒药;毒害 vt. 毒害;使中毒→poisonous adj. 有毒的 15. chemical n. 化学制品adj. 化学的→chemistry n. 化学→chemically adv. 用化学,以化学方法 16. consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之发生的→consequence n. 结果;后果;重要性→consequently adv. 结果 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 1. in turn　　　　 相应地,转而  2. break down  使分解(为),使变化(成)  3. breathe life into 给……带来起色,注入活力  4. due to 由于,因为  5. build up 逐渐增加,扩大  6. come up with 想出,想到  7. call for  (公开)要求,需要  8. spring to mind  突然记起(或想到)  9. get rid of 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉  10. give rise to 使发生(或存在)  知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 1. 倍数关系句型 With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,是中国国土面积的一半以上。 2. judging from. . . 根据……判断 What do you think this script is about judging from the title and pictures?  根据标题和图片,你认为这个节选讲了什么? 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 3. 独立主格结构 The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. 亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。  4. even though 引导的从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.   我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术,以减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。 知识梳理·夯实基础 一、重点单词会写 Unit 2 Natural disasters crash 　　n. 碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃 vi. & vt. 碰撞,撞击;崩溃 2. signal n. 信号,暗号;标志;信号灯 vi. & vt. 发信号,示意;标志 3. supply vt. 供应,供给,提供 n. 补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 一、重点单词会写 4. flood  n. 洪水,水灾;大量 vi. & vt. 淹没,泛滥;大量涌入;充满 5. otherwise  adv. 否则,不然,除此以外 6. rescue n. & vt. 救援,营救,抢救 词形变化 1. injure v. 伤害→injured adj. 受伤的→injury n. 伤害  2. react vi. 作出反应,回应→reaction n. 反应;抗拒 3. confirm vt. 证实,确认;使确信,批准→confirmation n. 证实,确认,批准 4. occur v. (occurred, occurred)发生,出现,存在于→occurrence n. 发生;发生的事情  5. relief n. 宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济→relieve vt. 减轻或解除(痛苦、困苦或忧虑等)→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的,放心的 词形变化 6. destroy v. 破坏→destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的,破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruction n. 破坏 7. inform vt. 了解,熟悉;通知→information n. 信息→informed adj. 有学问的;有见识的 8. shock vt. 使震惊 n. 震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 9. scare v. 惊吓,害怕n. 恐慌;惊吓→scared adj. 害怕的→scary adj. 恐怖的,吓人的 10. power n. 电力;权力;政权→powerful adj. 强大的,强有力的→powerless adj. 无力的 词形变化 11. donate v. 捐赠,赠送;献(血)→donation n. 捐赠,赠送  12. curious adj. 好奇的,奇特的→curiosity n. 好奇→curiously adv. 好奇地 13. distant adj. 遥远的,久远的→distance n. 遥远,久远;距离;疏远;差异 14. sharp adj. 灵敏的,锋利的→sharply adv. 急剧地,锋利地→sharpen v. 使锋利 15. locate vt. 找出……的准确位置→location n. 位置 16. retire v. 退休→retirement n. 退休 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 2 Natural disasters 1. at large 　　 整个,全部   2. roll call　　 点名  3. safe and sound  安然无恙的  4. occur to 被想到,浮现在脑中  5. keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静  6. run out of 用完,耗尽  7. take the form of 呈现……的形状,采取……的形式  8. break out 突然开始,爆发  9. far and wide 到处,各处  知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 2 Natural disasters 1. be doing sth. when. . . 正在做某事就在这时…… Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,这时地板开始摇晃起来。  2. in case 引导目的状语从句 At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 同时布朗女士迅速打开了教室的门,以防门在摇晃中损坏而无法打开。 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 2 Natural disasters 3. It occurred to sb. that. . . 某人突然想到…… It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的前兆。 4. as if 引导的状语从句,省略了主语和be动词 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday. 它的墙壁焕然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。 5. The moment 引导时间状语从句 The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 晃动一停止,布朗女士意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 一、重点词汇会写 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 The world online 1. affair n. 事情;事件;公共事务,政治事务 2. comment n. 评论,议论;指责;批评 vi. & vt. 表达意见 3. request vt. 要求,请求 n. 请求,要求;要求的事 4. remove vt. 删除;移走;开除 5. quit vt. & vi. 离开;放弃;停止;戒掉 6. reveal vt. 显出;透露;揭示;展示 词形变化 1. obvious adj. 明显的;显著的→obviously adv. 显然,明显地 2. commerce n. 贸易;商业;商务→commercial adj. 商业的;营利的 n. 广告 3. deliver vt. 传送;宣布;发表;递送→delivery n. 交付;分娩;递送 4. arrange vt. 安排;整理→arrangement n. 布置;安排;约定;排列 词形变化 5. establish vt. 建立(关系或联系),创立;确立;查实;确定;使得到认可→establishment n. 确立,制定;公司 6. instant adj. 立即的;立刻的;方便的→instantly conj. 一……就…… 7. access n. 机会,权利;入径,通道 vt. 到达,进入,使用→accessible adj. 可达到的;易接近的;易懂的 8. addict n. 对……入迷的人;瘾君子→addicted adj. 沉溺于某种(尤其是不良的)嗜好的;入了迷的 词形变化 9. scare v. (使)害怕;受惊吓;吓跑→scary adj. (事物)可怕的;恐怖的;吓人的 10. appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;领会;赏识→appreciation n. 欣赏,鉴别;感谢 11. entertain vt. 使快乐;款待,招待→entertainment n. 娱乐活动;招待,娱乐 12. aware adj. 知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的→awareness n. 认识,意识 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 The world online 1. take off 　　　　　 起飞;脱下;突然大受欢迎,迅速流行 2. to a certain extent 在一定程度上  3. at one’s fingertips 掌握(信息);熟悉、精通(知识等),了如指掌  4. bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上,调出,提出  5. above all else 最重要的是,尤其是  6. belong to 属于,归……所有 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 The world online 7. set up 创建;建立  8. be glued to sth. 全神贯注看着某物,离某物很近  9. shoot past 飞驰而过  10. knock sb. off one’s feet   撞倒某人,使某人双脚离地 11. be lost in 全神贯注,沉浸于  12. cut back on 减少;削减 三、写作句式积累 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 The world online 1. 独立主格结构 Head down, eyes on my smartphone, I stepped into the road and a car shot past, nearly knocking me off my feet!  我低着头,眼睛盯着我的智能手机,走到路上,一辆汽车从我身边飞驰而过,差点把我撞倒! 2. 形容词比较级的否定形式表示最高级意义 We had never felt closer to each other. 我们从未感到彼此如此亲密过。 3. with复合结构 The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient, with all sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce, more commonly known as e-commerce. 互联网通过电子商务——也就是通常所说的电商——提供应有尽有的商品和服务,给我们的生活带来了难以置信的便利。 三、写作句式积累 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 3 The world online 4. 完全倒装句 Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots. 为了买一双理想的靴子,一家店接一家店去找的日子已经一去不复返了。 5. only引导倒装句 Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discovery, wonder and inspiration for everyone. 唯有如此,互联网才能成为每个人的发现之地、奇妙之所、灵感之源。 一、重点词汇会写 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 4Scientists who changed the world 1. deadly adj. 致命的;非常的;十足的;彻底的 2. experiment n. 实验,试验;尝试 vi. 尝试;做试验;进行实验 3. postpone vt. 延期;延迟 4. sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的 5. illustrate vt. 阐明,举例说明;加插图于 一、重点词汇会写 6. accident n. 事故;意外; 意外事件,偶然的事 7. credit n. 信用;学分;信任;认可 vt. 存入金额;把……归于 8. negate vt. 否定;取消,使无效 9. charge vt. & vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管 10. publish vt. 出版;发表;公布 词形变化 1. survive vt. 幸存;生还;幸免于→survival n. 幸存,残存物;生存→survivor n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物 2. broad adj. 宽的,辽阔的→broaden vi. 扩大,变阔;变宽 vt. 使扩大;使变宽 3. refer vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→reference n. 参考,参照;涉及,提及 4. benefit n. 利益,好处 vt. 有益于→beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的 5. intelligent adj. 智能的;聪明的→intelligence n. 智力;理解力;才智,智慧 词形变化 6. favour n. 偏爱;赞同,帮助 vt. 赞成;较喜欢;有助于→favourable adj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的 7. involve vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于→involvement n. 参与;牵连;包含 8. apply vt. & vi. 申请;涂,敷;应用→application n. 应用;申请;应用程序;敷 9. ignore vt. 驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬→ignorant adj. 无知的;愚昧的→ignorance n. 无知,愚昧;不知 10. permit vi. & vt. 许可;允许n. 许可证,执照 →permission n. 允许,许可 词形变化 11. responsible adj. 负责的,可靠的→responsibility n. 责任,职责;义务 12. intend vt. & vi. 想要,计划;意指→intended adj. 预期的,计划的,打算的→intention n. 打算,计划,目的 13. limit vt. & n. 限制,限定;界限,限度 →limited adj. 有限的→ limitation n. 限制,局限 14. contain vt. 包含;容纳;克制→container n. 容器;集装箱,货柜 15. wise adj. 明智的,英明的,充满智慧的→wisdom n. 智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智→wisely adv. 明智地,英明地 词形变化 16. conduct vt. & vi. 组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止→conductor n. 指挥;售票员;导体 17. surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的事物;环境 18. free adj. 自由的;免费的→freedom n. 自由→freely adv. 自由地;畅通地 19. declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→declaration n. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布 20. nation n. 国家;民族→national adj. 国家的;民族的→nationality n. 国籍;民族 21. marry vi. & vt. 结婚;嫁;娶;把……嫁给→marriage n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 1. refer to　　　　　　 参考;查阅;涉及;指的是  2. speed up (使)加速  3. pay off 成功;奏效;达到目的  4. through trial and error 反复试验  5. by accident 偶然;意外地 二、重点短语 知识梳理·夯实基础 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 6. with a bang 很成功;引人注意;有强烈影响  7. let sb. down 使某人失望  8. as to 至于;关于  9. take it for granted 想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然   10. put forward 提出;提议;建议  知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 1. 序数词后不定式作定语 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.   屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,她获奖是因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——疟疾方面做出的贡献。 2. 过去分词短语作状语 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取这种草药。 知识梳理·夯实基础 三、写作句式积累 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 3. It is/was + adj. +to do However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而,由于研究资源有限,很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 4. find+宾语+宾语补足语 The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, believing it was actually electricity. 故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。  5. be of +名词 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。 语法串讲 即时检测 第三部分 语法串讲·融会贯通 注意：本部分尽量结构化展示语法，体现与讲义的不同。不能只是Word的PPT版。可以有交互动画辅助教学 省略 Work out the rules Work out the rules We sometimes use ellipsis to avoid _________ (stressing/repeating) one or more words when the meaning is clear. We can use ellipsis: in short ___________; in infinitives; after some conjunctions like _,____ and_____ ; in ______ with the same pattern and the same ____; at the beginning of a sentence in ___________ (informal/formal) speech. responses if when while clauses verb informal 语法串讲·融会贯通 语法串讲·融会贯通 省略 运用省略手法，可以避免重复，使句子简练。 常见的省略现象有以下几种情况: 1. 在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语和动词。如： (It) Sounds a good idea. (Are you) Ready? 2. 在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。如： —Did you go to the museum yesterday? —No, I didn't (go to the museum yesterday). 语法串讲·融会贯通 省略 3. 在并列句结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、谓语或其他成分。如： Peter entered the classroom and (Peter) sat at his desk. I like dancing but my brother (likes) singing. What I said made Jack happy but (what I said made) Jane angry. 语法串讲·融会贯通 省略 4. 从属连词when、where、if、than等后常用省略结构。如： You should be careful when (__________) crossing the road. You need to make improvements where (_________) necessary. Please call me back if (_________) possible. I love English more than (____) ever (_____________). you are it is it is I loved English 语法串讲·融会贯通 省略 5. 动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，在后句的动词不定式结构中，常省略与前句重复的to后面的内容。如： You don’t have to do it if you don’t want to (_________). You’d better not take medicine unless your doctor told you to (____________). 在to be或to have done结构中，省略时往往保留be或have。如： I am busier now than I used to _____(busy). —Has Mike finished his project? —He seems to _______ (finished his project)。 do it take medicine be have 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作主语和宾语 1.不定式作________ 主语 To find a best friend is difficult. =It is difficult to find a best friend. 动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡， 通常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作主语和宾语 it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语常见句型： ①It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth. (常用的形容词有：_________________________________) difficult, easy, hard, important… ②It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.(常用的形容词有： ____________________________________________________________________________________________…) right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly ③It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame, bad/good manners…) + to do sth. ④It takes + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + to do sth. 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作主语和宾语 动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。  To catch fish with your hands only _____(be) not easy. To complete the building in one year ____(be) a difficult task in ancient times is is 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作主语和宾语 2.不定式作________ 宾语 The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” a)直接用不定式作宾语的动词: agree, afford, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等。 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded A 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作主语和宾语 b)只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except之前有do, does, did时, 通常省略to。即有do无to, 无do带to． We have no choice but________(wait). to wait We can do nothing but_______(wait). wait 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词不定式作主语和宾语 c)当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 He found it easy to solve the problem. 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 I. V–ing形式作定语。 V-ing形式作定语时,可分为 _______ 和 ________ 作定语。 1. 动名词作定语时, 表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途。 materials for building = ______ materials ; water for drinking = _______ water a room for reading =a ________ room ; a stick for walking = a _________ stick 动名词 现在分词 building drinking reading walking 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 2. 现在分词作定语，与被修饰词之间是______关系, 用_______ 形式 ;若强调动作与被修饰词之间是 被动关系且正在进行, 用_________ 形式，单个的现在分词作定语，放在被修饰词前面，若现在分词短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之_______ , 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 1) leaves that are falling = ______ leaves; 2) a volcano that is erupting = an ______volcano 3) The man who is standing there is Peter’s father . The man __________ _________ is Peter’s father. 4) Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. Anybody ____ ____ ______ ______ will be fined. 主动 doing being done 后 falling erupting standing there swimming in this river 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 5)The tall building that/which is being built now is our new school. The tall building ______ ______ now is our new school. 6) The question that/which is being discussed now was presented by the headmaster. The question _____ ______ now was presented by the headmaster. being built being discussed 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 3. 单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之 _____ , 有些动词-ing形式作定语，已转化成 __________，表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有： amazing, astonishing, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, pleasing, striking（引人注目的/显著的）, touching, moving, terrifying（令人恐惧的）等。 如果单个的动词-ing形式修饰的词为those, something, everything, nothing等代词时，则动词-ing形式要放在其 ______。 前 形容词 后 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1. 作_______状语(相当于一个______ 状语从句) _________ they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking. __________ the knock on the door, they stopped talking. 2. 作_______ 状语(相当于一个______ 状语从句) ________ he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. _______ ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. 时间 时间 When Hearing 原因 原因 As Being 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 3. 作_______ 状语(动词-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作____ 发生, 相当于一个______ 谓语) 1) They stood there and ________ for the bus. 2)They stood there, ___________ for the bus. (wait) 伴随 同时 并列 waited waiting 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 4. 作________ 状语 ( 表示_______ 的结果, having done不作结果状语, ____________作结果状语表示意想不到结果) 1)The troops tried many times to break into the city,  ____each time. A. beaten back             B. only to be beaten back    C. being beaten back   D. having been beaten back 2) The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, ______________ (injure) herself in the head. 结果 自然 动词不定式 B injuring 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 5. 作________ 状语(相当于一个________ 状语从句) 1) _______ you turn to the left, you will see the shop. 2) _______ to the left, you will see the shop. 条件 条件 If Turning 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 V–ing forms as object complements 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1. doing放在表示“感觉”的感官和心理状态的动词:feel, smell, listen to, hear, watch, see, notice, observe等之后表示动作_______________, 用动词原形do , 表示动作____________。 1) I felt someone _____ (pat) me on the shoulder. 2) I noticed a stranger ______ (slide) into the manager’s office. 3) We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher _________ (make) the experiment. （正在进行） 4) We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher _________ (make) the experiment. （全过程） 正在进行 全过程 patting sliding making make 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 2. 表示“使，让”的使役动词:have, keep, leave, set等之后用doing 表示与宾语之间是主动关系。 The teacher’s words set me ______ (think). I won’t have you ________ (do) that again. 3. 用于with的复合结构中，doing表示与宾语之间是主动关系。 I couldn’t do my homework with the noise ______ (go) on. With so many people ______(look) at her, she felt nervous. thinking doing going looking 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1. 作定语 过去分词作定语时, 与其修饰的词是_____关系,相当于一个________的定语从句。单个的过去分词作定语放在所修饰的名词______, 过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词___。 被动 被动语态 前 后 the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set _____ _____ ______ last year 定从） that was produced 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1) v-ed of a vt.表示______含义或者动作的_____，v-ed of a vi表示仅动作______。比较： the escaped criminal　_________ the risen sun　___________ fallen leaves _________ the retired worker __________ the highly praised scientist _______________ a widely- used language 被动 完成 完成 已经逃跑的罪犯 已经升起的太阳 落叶 退休工人 评价很高的科学家 广泛使用的语言 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 3) being done 表示正在进行的被动动作； done 表示完成了的被动动作； to be done 表示即将进行的被动动作。 The meeting _____________ (hold) now has something important to do with the housing price. The meeting ______ (hold) yesterday has something important to do with the housing price. The meeting __________ (hold) tomorrow will promote rapid economic development. . being held held to be held 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1. There was an ________ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. It’s wrong for the ___________ (develop) countries to control the world. 3. I have collected the money ______ (need). 4. This is the problem _________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. excited developed needed discussed 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 2. 做宾语补足语 When you speak English, you should make yourself __________.(understand) He found his house __________(闯入)when he got back home. 过去分词作宾语补足语时与前面的宾语形成______关系, 常见动词有感官动词和使役动词如：see, hear, notice, watch, feel，get, have, make, leave, keep，set，stand等。 understood broken into 被动 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 3. 过去分词短语通常作状语 １）作伴随或方式状语 ________(follow) by a dog, the hunter entered the woods． _________(follow) a dog, the hunter entered the woods． Followed Following ２）作时间状语 ________about his success, he always owes it to his family. ＝＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, he always owes it to his family. When___________, the museum will be open to the public. ＝＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，the museum will be open to the public. Asked When he is asked … completed When it is completed 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 3) 作原因状语 Seriously________(injure) himself, he was sent to hospital immediately. Seriously ___________(injure), he was sent to hospital immediately. 4) 作条件状语 __________(give) more attention, the trees could have grown better. = __________________ more attention , the trees could have grown better. Unless _______(invited) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. injuring injured Given If they had been given invited 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 5) 作让步状语 Though _______(speak) to, the shy girl still didn’t say anything. =___________________________, the shy girl still didn’t say anything. spoken Though she had been spoken to 语法串讲·融会贯通 动词-ing和动词-ed作定语、状语和宾语补足语 Attention 现在分词作状语时，相当于一个___从句分词与其主句的主语形成逻辑上的____关系；过去分词作状语时，分词与其主句的主语形成逻辑上的________________关系。 状语 主谓 动宾（被动） 语法串讲 即时检测 第四部分 考场练兵·实战训练 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 1. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question. 【答案】extinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着人类活动的影响不断扩大，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长，我们面临着一个问题。介词“of”后需接名词作宾语，所给词“extinct”为形容词，意为“灭绝的”，其名词形式是extinction，意为“灭绝”，in danger of extinction表示“濒临灭绝”，符合语境。故填extinction。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 2. The mall offers a wide (vary) of entertainment facilities. 【答案】variety 【详解】句意：这家商场提供各种各样的娱乐设施。空前为不定冠词a以及形容词wide，所以此处为名词，vary为动词，其名词形式为variety，意为“种类”，a wide variety of意为“各种各样的”。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 3. It is advisable to settle down on Qianmen Street which is 800 meters in (long). 4. Although the two books are on similar topics, they are (entire) different in style and audience. 3.【答案】length 【详解】句意：建议在前门大街定居，这条街全长800米。介词in后面需要接名词作宾语，long的名词形式为length，表“长度”；in length，是固定搭配，意为“在长度上”，符合语境。 4.【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：尽管这两本书的话题相同，但风格和受众群体却完全不同。此处修饰形容词different，故应用副词entirely“完全地”作状语。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 5. Many international organizations help people living in extreme (poor) in remote mountain areas. 6. The broadcasting system in Canada is famous and advanced, which serves (variety) purposes. 5.【答案】poverty 【详解】句意：许多国际组织帮助生活在偏远山区极端贫困环境中的人们。提示词作宾语，用名词形式poverty，表示“贫困”，不可数名词。 6.【答案】various 【详解】句意：加拿大的广播系统闻名遐迩且技术先进，其功能多样。修饰名词purposes用形容词various，作定语。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 7. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲) environmental protection to promote (economy) growth. 8. The medicine he took provided immediate (relieve) from the pain that had troubled him for days. 【答案】economic 【详解】句意：当地政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。此处需用形容词修饰名词growth，economy的形容词为economic意为“经济的”。 【答案】relief 【详解】​ 句意：他服用的药立刻缓解了他困扰多日的疼痛。空处需填名词作provided的宾语，提示词relieve的名词形式为relief，表示“缓解，减轻”，不可数。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 9. Cutting down many trees has a (destroy) effect on the local ecosystem. 10. The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 【答案】destructive 【详解】句意：砍伐大量树木会对当地生态系统造成破坏性的影响。此处需要形容词修饰名词effect，destroy为动词，其形容词为destructive作定语，意为“具有破坏性的”。 【答案】unbearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座城市的夏季酷热简直让人难以忍受，以至于许多居民白天都不得不待在室内。空处应填形容词作表语，结合“forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime”可知，此处指夏季酷热让人难以忍受，使用形容词unbearable，故填unbearable。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 11. The (distant) between the two villages is about 10 kilometers. 12. Due to (curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意：两个村庄之间的距离大约是10公里。空处需要名词作主语，distant的名词形式是distance，意为“距离”，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填distance。 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于好奇，他挤进人群，想看看发生了什么事。分析可知，空前“to”为介词，所填应是名词，作其宾语。“curious”，形容词，意为“好奇的”，其名词形式为“curiosity(好奇心)”。故填curiosity。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 13.(2024-2025学年重庆西南大学附属中学校高一下学期期末)The (major) of employees support flexible working hours, according to the survey. 14．The exact date for the conference (arrange) will be set next week. 【答案】majority 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据调查，大多数员工支持弹性工作制。本空在句子中作主语，表示“大多数”，用名词majority，the majority of...表示“……中的大多数”。故填majority。 【答案】arrangements 【详解】考查名词。句意：会议安排的确切日期将于下周确定。空格处用名词作宾语，arrange的名词形式arrangement“安排”符合题意，常用复数，故填arrangements。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 15. The only access the farm house is across the fields. 16. The movie is so (scare) that I dare not watch it alone at night. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：通往农舍的唯一通道是穿过田野。名词access与介词to的固定搭配 access to 意为“去……的通路，通向……的入口”,符合句意。故填to。 【答案】scary 【详解】句意：这部电影太恐怖了，以至于我晚上不敢独自观看。作表语，主语为movie，用形容词scary。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 17．The laboratory has a set of specialized (contain) for storing dangerous chemicals safely. 18．We should always learn from the profound (wise) of the older generation. 【答案】containers 【详解】句意：这个实验室有一套专门用来安全存放危险化学品的容器。空处作宾语，需填名词container，a set of修饰可数名词复数形式，空处需填containers。 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：我们应该总是从老一辈的深刻智慧中学习。提示词作宾语，且有形容词profound修饰，应用名词wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。 考场练兵·实战训练 一、单句语法填空 19．Regular exercise is highly (benefit) to our physical and mental health, helping us stay fit and reducing stress effectively. 20. Unluckily, we still have no idea how important it is to raise the (aware) of environmental protection. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】句意：经常锻炼对我们的身心健康非常有益，有助于我们保持健康并有效减轻压力。空处作表语，需填形容词beneficial。 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：不幸的是，我们仍然不知道提高环境保护意识是多么重要。空处作动词raise的宾语，表示“意识”用名词awareness，为不可数名词。故填awareness。 二、完成句子 考场练兵·实战训练 1. The attendance this year is 6,000. Last year it was 2,000.  (改为倍数关系句式) 改写： ________________________________________________ 【答案】This year’s attendance is three times as large as last year’s./This year’s attendance is three times that of last year. 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：今年的出席人数是 6000 人。而去年是 2000 人。根据句意可知，句子可改写为“今年的出席人数是去年的三倍之多”，“今年的出席人数”翻译为this year’s attendance，“三倍”的表达法是three times as large as...或three times that of...，“去年”是last year，故答案为This year’s attendance is three times as large as last year’s./This year’s attendance is three times that of last year. 二、完成句子 考场练兵·实战训练 2. 他们正在搭帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨把他们吓坏了。(be doing...when...) They ________________a loud whistle frightened them. 【答案】were putting up the tent when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表达“正在做某事，这时……”用固定句型be doing...when...，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用过去进行时，主语they是复数，be用were，“搭帐篷”用put up the tent。故填were putting up the tent when。 二、完成句子 考场练兵·实战训练 3. He fell in love with you the moment he saw you. (1) ________. (用as soon as改写) (2) ________. (用以-ly结尾的连词改写) 【答案】(1)He fell in love with you as soon as he saw you; (2)He fell in love with you immediately he saw you/He fell in love with you directly he saw you/He fell in love with you instantly he saw you 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他见到你的那一刻就爱上你了。根据句意，表示“一……就……”应为the moment，as soon as和immediately/directly/instantly，所以按要求第一句可以将the moment替换为as soon as；第二句将the moment替换为immediately/directly/instantly。故填He fell in love with you as soon as he saw you/He fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly he saw you 二、完成句子 考场练兵·实战训练 4. The leader said to him, “Please write your report as soon as possible.” (改为间接引语) →The leader requested him___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ as soon as possible. 【答案】to write his report 【详解】考查不定式。句意：领导对他说:“请尽快写报告。”直接引语改为间接引语，祈使句中的动词变为不定式，please去掉，并将say改为request，tell，order等表示命令的动词，由上文的him，直接引语中的物主代词your改为his，故填①to② write ③his④ report。 二、完成句子 考场练兵·实战训练 5．努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。 ________ production and reduce the number of things________. 【答案】It is our duty to try to cut back on; we make and buy. 【详解】考查固定短语、固定句型和定语从句。表示“……是我们的义务”用固定句型It is our duty to do sth.；表示“努力做某事”应用try to do sth.，此处使用动词不定式作真正的主语；表示“减少”用动词短语cut back on；表示“我们作和购买的”使用定语从句，此处引导词that作宾语，可以省略；表示“我们”应用we作主语；表示“制作和购买”应用make and buy，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词使用原形。故填①It is our duty to try to cut back on②we make and buy。 二、完成句子 考场练兵·实战训练 6. He is in charge of the newspaper’s advertisement section. (同义句转换) →The newspaper’s advertisement section ________. →The newspaper’s advertisement section ________. 【答案】is in the charge of him; is in his charge 【详解】考查时态和介词短语。句意：他负责报纸的广告部。原句中he做主语，用be in charge of sth。此处考查sth为主语，后接be in one's charge，或者be in the charge of sb，意为“由……负责；由……掌管”；原句为一般现在时态，设空所在的句子主语The newspaper’s advertisement section为单数，故be用is。故填①is in the charge of him；②is in his charge。 考场练兵·实战训练 三、语法填空 Passage 1 Xizang autonomous region adds another place to visit The Lhalu Wetland National Nature Reserve in Lhasa 1 (recognize) officially by the World Record Certification Agency (WRCA) recently as the world’s highest-altitude urban natural wetland, authorities announced on 20th Dec. 2025. In the heart of Lhasa lies the Lhalu wetland 2 houses boundless ecological treasures and boasts diverse wildlife. It covers 12.2 square kilometers at an average altitude of 3,649 meters above sea level. As the sun 3 (bathe) the Potala Palace in golden light every morning, it also sets the nearby Lhalu wetland shining, 4 the cold air giving way to the warmth of a new day. This ecological landmark, often 5 (refer) to as the “Lungs of Lhasa”, highlights China’s achievements in high-altitude environmental protection and 6 (serve) as a global model of sustainable conservation. Till now, the vegetation coverage of the Lhalu Wetland has reached over 95 percent. Over the past 20 years, the government has poured over 900 million yuan in total for wetland 7 (restore), biodiversity monitoring, and other protection and management efforts. The Lhalu Wetland has 8 (systematic) established a mechanism led by the government, coordinated (协作) by various departments, and 9 (involve) community participation. With joint efforts the ecological functions of the Lhalu Wetland have continuously improved, biodiversity has smoothly increased, 10 ecological protection has developed alongside the improvement of local livelihoods. 考场练兵·实战训练 三、语法填空 【答案】1. has been recognized 2. that/which 3. bathes 4. with 5. referred 6. serves 7. restoration 8. systematically 9. involving 10. And 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍拉萨拉鲁湿地被认证为世界最高海拔城市天然湿地。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：2025年12月20日，有关部门宣布，拉萨拉鲁湿地国家自然保护区近日被世界纪录认证机构正式认证为世界海拔最高的城市自然湿地。根据时间状语recently可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语The Lhalu Wetland National Nature Reserve与动词recognize之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been recognized。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：拉萨市中心的拉鲁湿地拥有无尽的生态宝藏和多样的野生动物。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是“the Lhalu wetland”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天早晨，当阳光将布达拉宫沐浴在金色的光芒中时，它也让附近的拉鲁湿地闪闪发光，寒冷的空气让位于新一天的温暖。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词。根据时间状语“every morning”可知，句子描述经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语the sun是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填bathes。 4. 考查介词。句意：每天早晨，当阳光将布达拉宫沐浴在金色的光芒中时，它也让附近的拉鲁湿地闪闪发光，寒冷的空气让位于新一天的温暖。此处为with复合结构作伴随状语，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。故填with。 考场练兵·实战训练 三、语法填空 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个生态地标经常被称为“拉萨之肺”，突显了中国在高海拔环境保护方面的成就，并成为可持续保护的全球典范。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语refer to...as...表示“把……称为……”，逻辑主语This ecological landmark和动词refer之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填referred。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个生态地标经常被称为“拉萨之肺”，突显了中国在高海拔环境保护方面的成就，并成为可持续保护的全球典范。空处为句子的并列谓语动词，根据上文highlights可知，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语This ecological landmark是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填serves。 7. 考查名词。句意：过去20年来，政府共投入9亿多元用于湿地恢复、生物多样性监测以及其他保护和管理工作。空处作介词for的宾语，应用名词restoration，意为“恢复”，不可数名词。故填restoration。 8. 考查副词。句意：拉鲁湿地系统建立了政府主导、各部门协调、社区参与的机制。空处修饰动词established，应用副词systematically，意为“系统地”。故填systematically。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：拉鲁湿地系统建立了政府主导、各部门协调、社区参与的机制。分析句子结构可知，空处与led、coordinated并列作定语，逻辑主语a mechanism和动词involve之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填involving。 10. 考查连词。句意：在共同努力下，拉鲁湿地的生态功能不断提高，生物多样性稳步增加，生态保护与当地民生改善同步发展。根据句意可知，“ecological protection has developed alongside the improvement of local livelihoods”和“the ecological functions of the Lhalu Wetland have continuously improved, biodiversity has smoothly increased”之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 考场练兵·实战训练 三、语法填空 Passage 2 Residents and tourists couldn’t help 1 admire the stunning aurora borealis (北极光) in Mohe, Heilongjiang province, China’s northernmost city on the evening of Nov 24. The auroras, 2 (main) colored pink and purple, wave alternately across the night sky at high latitudes, attracting 3 (visit) and photographers along the banks of the frozen Heilongjiang River to capture the moment with their cameras. However, when they entered the country’s first aurora-themed museum in Mohe’s Beiji village, 4 opened on Nov 19, they were even more shocked. The museum, 5 (name) Shenlu, meaning deer god, offers immersive experiences via virtual reality and augmented reality (增强现实技术AR), scientific forecasts and aurora-themed souvenirs, 6 (allow) visitors to appreciate the magical beauty of auroras. Auroras 7 (cause) by the Earth’s natural electrical fields in the northern and southern hemispheres. The most famous is the aurora borealis, which appears in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Located at China’s highest latitude, Mohe is one of the best places in the country 8 (observe) nature’s light show. Since winter began, the area 9 (witness) several aurora displays. “The aurora museum, covering 10 area of 1,000 square meters, was completed in five months and has already welcomed 5,000 visitors in its first week,” said its manager Yu Heng. 考场练兵·实战训练 三、语法填空 【答案】1. but 2. mainly 3. visitors 4. which 5. named 6. allowing 7. are caused 8. to observe 9. has witnessed 10. an 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了11月24日晚，中国最北端的城市漠河的居民和游客欣赏到了令人惊叹的北极光，以及中国首个北极光主题博物馆的相关情况。 1. 考查固定短语。句意：11 月 24 日晚，在中国最北端的城市黑龙江漠河，当地居民和游客都不禁为那壮观的北极光所倾倒。can’t help but do sth.为固定短语，意为“情不自禁做某事”。故填but。 2. 考查副词。句意：极光主要是粉红色和紫色的，在高纬度地区的夜空中交替波动，吸引着黑龙江江畔的游客和摄影师用相机捕捉这一刻。修饰形容词colored需用副词mainly，作状语。故填mainly。 3. 考查名词。句意同上。attract是及物动词，后面需用名词作宾语，此处表示“游客”需用名词visitor，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填visitors。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，当他们进入11月19日开放的漠河北极村中国首个北极光主题博物馆时，他们更加震惊。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词museum，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 考场练兵·实战训练 三、语法填空 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这家名为“神鹿”的博物馆，意为鹿神，通过虚拟现实和增强现实技术、科学预测和极光主题纪念品提供身临其境的体验，让游客欣赏极光的神奇之美。本句已有谓语动词offers，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词The museum，name和The museum为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填named。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已有谓语动词offers，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，The museum和allow为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填allowing。 7. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：极光是由地球南北半球的自然电场引起的。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Auroras和cause为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are caused。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：漠河位于中国纬度最高的地区，是观赏自然灯光秀的最佳地点之一。名词places前有最高级修饰，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to observe。 9. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自冬季开始以来，该地区已经见证了几次极光表演。根据时间状语Since winter began可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has witnessed。 10. 考查冠词。句意：“极光博物馆占地面积1000平方米，历时五个月建成，首周已接待游客5000人，”馆长于恒说。cover an area of为固定短语，意为“占地面积为……”，area是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数，故填an。 感谢聆听 每天解决一个小问题，每周攻克 一个薄弱点，量变终会引发质变。 教师寄语 $