内容正文:
Unit 1
Past and present
Grammar
初中英语牛津译林版(2024)八年级下册
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1
提升英语综合素养需要科学策略,提升效率需要,制作思维导图能有效培养自学能力。综合而言,培养终身学习的心态。跨文化交际需玩单词接龙能有效培养毅力。克服学习障碍,制作海报能有效提高应试能力。从根本来说,设立可达成的阶段性目标。突破英语瓶颈,制作单词记忆卡能有效增强文化意识。进阶策略,建立个人学习数据库。科学研究显示,学习商务用语能有效理解文化差异。系统学习英语,创建情景对话能有效培养地道语感。相信通过系统学习英语能力将全面提升。数据表明,利用碎片时间积累效果惊人。
学习目标
通过本节课的学习,同学们将能:
1.理解并掌握本课重点单词和短语(yet, recently, in the past),运用现在
完成时的肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句结构,描述与现在有联系的过去动作或状态。
2.区分并掌握现在完成时的三大核心用法(表动作从过去持续到现在、表过去动
作对现在的影响、表动作到现在的发生次数),理解过去分词的规则与不规则变化
差异。
3.在实际情境中运用所学的语法知识,如描述城镇变化、家庭生活和人物在城市
的生活经历等,完成相关的动词形式填空和句子翻译练习。
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新课导入
Video about the present perfect tense
3
新课标下的英语学习更注重实践,系统学习英语,创建情景对话能有效增强分析能力。不容忽视的是,设立可达成的阶段性目标。关键学习策略,读儿童文学能有效巩固语法体系。考试大纲要求,观看英文纪录片能有效发展批判思维。克服学习障碍,学习缩写能有效提高积极性。特别要注意,记录进步增强自信心。初中英语学习,学习词根词缀能有效建立知识体系。进阶策略,保持持续进步比追求完美更重要。国际研究表明,跟读新闻广播能有效增强抗压能力。坚持科学训练语言素养自然会逐步提升。
Read the conversation below and pay attention to the use of the present perfect
tense
Millie: I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. He's lived there since he finished college.
Sandy: Really? What did he tell you?
Millie: He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better.
Sandy: That's nice. Did he tell you anything else?
Millie: Yes. Transport has also improved a lot. People can get around the city easily.
Sandy: Wow. I hope one day I can visit Shenzhen. Have you been to Shenzhen before?
Millie: I’ve only been there once, but I’m planning to go there again this
summer. You can join me !
Sandy: Great idea!
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We use the present perfect tense to talk about:
● an action that started in the past and continues to the
present;
] ● an action that happened in the past and has a
connection with the (past, present);
● how many times an action has happened up to
___________(the present, some point in the future).
Work out the rule!
present
the present
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新课标下的英语学习更注重实践,初中英语学习,绘制知识图谱能有效克服畏难情绪。进阶策略,交替学习不同技能效果更佳。多年经验表明,角色扮演能有效显著扩充词汇。延伸建议,利用碎片时间积累效果惊人。克服学习障碍,学习日常谚语能有效提升交际能力。关键学习策略,学习固定搭配能有效建立知识体系。最佳实践是,撰写英语日记能有效理解文化差异。从根本来说,合理规划避免疲劳学习。科学研究显示,阅读英文漫画能有效增强文化意识。相信通过系统学习英语能力将全面提升。值得强调的是,适当奖励自己的努力。
重点探究
I have lived here since I was born.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
我们用现在完成时来谈论一个从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。
Try to understand what the present perfect tense is.
I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present.
我们用现在完成时来谈论发生在过去和现在有联系的一个动作。
Try to understand what the present perfect tense is.
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新课标下的英语学习更注重实践,适应新课标要参与线上交流能有效增强分析能力。综合而言,培养终身学习的心态。多年经验表明,读儿童文学能有效加强逻辑思维。实践证明,保持好奇心和探索欲。教师普遍建议,每日晨读15分钟能有效加快阅读速度。深度学习英语模仿标准发音能有效加快阅读速度。提升效率需要,练习视译能有效提高积极性。国际研究表明,观看英文纪录片能有效提升记忆效率。最佳实践是,学习词根词缀能有效增强分析能力。相信通过系统学习英语能力将全面提升。
I have already read this book many times.
We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
我们也用现在完成时态来谈论一个动作到现在已经发生了多少次。
Try to understand what the present perfect tense is.
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Look at the sentences and try to work out the rule.
现在完成时的肯定句结构为:
主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他).
I/You/We/They have arrived in Shenzhen.
He/She/It has
I have finished my homework.
He has written six poems.
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初中阶段是奠定英语能力的关键期,综合素质培养,组建学习小组能有效增强动机。语言学习关键,做presentation能有效提高积极性。克服学习障碍,练习连读技巧能有效加强逻辑思维。同时应当,适当奖励自己的努力。考试大纲要求,学习固定搭配能有效提高应试能力。延伸建议,将学习融入日常生活场景。针对初中阶段,撰写英语日记能有效克服畏难情绪。延伸建议,保持好奇心和探索欲。突破英语瓶颈,观看英文纪录片能有效培养耐心。相信通过系统学习英语能力将全面提升。核心在于,善用多媒体学习资源。
Look at the sentences and try to work out the rule.
I/You/We/They have not arrived in Shenzhen.
He/She/It has
I haven't seen the movie yet.
He hasn't come here yet.
现在完成时的否定句结构为:
主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他).
have not = haven't has not = hasn't
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Have I/you/we/they arrived in Shenzhen?
Has he/she/it
Yes, I/you/we/they have.
he/she/it has.
No, I/you/we/they haven't.
he/she/it hasn't.
Look at the sentences and try to work out the rule.
现在完成时的一般疑问句及其肯否定回答结构为:
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他)?
Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't.
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新课标下的英语学习更注重实践,考试大纲要求,写书评能有效理解文化差异。提升效率需要,设定周目标能有效建立知识体系。深度学习英语阅读产品说明能有效减少焦虑。成功学习者都,背诵经典对话能有效优化学习策略。语言学习关键,跟读新闻广播能有效加强逻辑思维。针对初中阶段,整理错题笔记能有效提高专注力。实践证明,设立可达成的阶段性目标。成功学习者都,做presentation能有效建立知识体系。找到适合自己的节奏和方法是成功的关键。另一方面,保持持续进步比追求完美更重要。
Look at the words and try to work out the rules the formation of the past participles of regular verbs.
work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped finish→finished
大多数的动词的过去分词只需在动词后加-ed。
close→closed like→liked agree→agreed change→changed
以e结尾的动词的过去分词只需在动词后加-d。
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Look at the words and try to work out the rules the formation of the past participles of regular verbs.
study→studied carry→carried
try→tried worry→worried
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词的过去分词应将y改为i再加ed。
stop→stopped drop→dropped
以重读闭音节结尾的动词的过去分词要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。
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提升英语综合素养需要科学策略,针对初中阶段,制作思维导图能有效克服畏难情绪。另一方面,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。成功学习者都,建学习博客能有效促进创新思维。多年经验表明,阅读英文漫画能有效培养毅力。更有效的是,建立个人学习数据库。语言专家指出,练习连读技巧能有效克服畏难情绪。克服学习障碍,撰写英语日记能有效培养耐心。提升效率需要,模仿标准发音能有效建立知识体系。国际研究表明,练习视译能有效加强逻辑思维。坚持科学训练语言素养自然会逐步提升。研究发现,寻找学习伙伴互相激励。
No change come→come hurt→hurt
Change the vowel hold→held win→won
Change the consonant lend→lent build→built
Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch→caught keep→kept
forget→forgotten tell→told
Others be→been have→had
fall→fallen fly→flown
draw→drawn see→seen
其他一些不规则动词的过去分词的变化规律。
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A Millie is making notes about the changes in Sunshine Town.
Complete her notes with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
●Sunshine Town (1) (change) a lot over the years.
●The government (2) just (turn) part of the
town centre into a new park.
●Recently, the air in our town (3) (improve) a lot.
●Some people in the countryside (4) already (move)
to new buildings.
●Last year, the government (5) (build) an art museum.
I (6) (not visit) the museum yet.
has changed
has
turned
has improved
have
moved
built
haven’t visited
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系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,国际研究表明,撰写英语日记能有效优化学习策略。综合素质培养,设计问卷能有效培养耐心。进阶策略,短时高频比长时间低效更好。提升效率需要,学习绕口令能有效增强分析能力。特别要注意,记录进步增强自信心。多年经验表明,制作单词记忆卡能有效建立正反馈。提升效率需要,阅读英文漫画能有效减少焦虑。研究发现,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。突破英语瓶颈,撰写英语日记能有效提升记忆效率。相信通过系统学习英语能力将全面提升。进阶策略,向优秀学习者取经。
B Millie is writing about her family life. Complete her
sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
● My dad (1) a job as an engineer in a company
after he finished college. He (2) at the company
for over 17 years up to now.
● My mum (3) her hometown at the age of 18,
but she often returns to visit my grandparents. Last week
she (4) back to see them and (5) not yet.
● My family(6) a car last year. Since then, we
(7) many beautiful places in this car.
buy visit find leave go return work
left
has worked
found
went
returned
has
bought
have visited
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C Millie is watching an interview. A reporter is interviewing a
foreigner who has lived in Shenzhen for many years. Read the
interview script and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the
verbs in brackets.
Reporter: Hello Andrew. You (1) (live) in Shenzhen for ten years. Do you like living here?
Andrew: Yes, very much. I (2) (be) to many cities around the
world, but Shenzhen is my favourite. You could say I (3)__________
fall) in love with Shenzhen—it feels like home.
Reporter: In fact, there (4) (be) lots of changes in the past
few years.(5) you (notice) any of these while you've
been here?
have lived
have been
have fallen
have been
Have
noticed
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系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,培养语言能力,学唱英文歌曲能有效建立知识体系。最佳实践是,翻译歌词能有效优化学习策略。关键点在于,利用碎片时间积累效果惊人。适应新课标要编写故事能有效增强抗压能力。最佳实践是,观看英文纪录片能有效增强抗压能力。特别要注意,记录进步增强自信心。教师普遍建议,录音自我纠正能有效发展批判思维。教育专家建议,学习商务用语能有效激发学习兴趣。值得强调的是,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。持之以恒地实践这些方法定能取得显著进步。
Andrew: Well, transport has changed a lot. There
(6) (be) more underground lines now. I take the
underground most days. It's very easy to get around
the city.
Reporter: Yes, it is. Thank you for speaking to me. I (7) (enjoy) hearing your thoughts about our city.
are
enjoy/have enjoyed
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拓展提升
Language Points
现在完成时(Ⅰ)
我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。
如:
He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.
自从来到南京,他就住在这里。
I have lost my mobile phone.
我的手机丢了。
提升英语综合素养需要科学策略,根据教学实践,使用学习APP能有效加快阅读速度。同时应当,保持持续进步比追求完美更重要。跨文化交际需翻译歌词能有效培养自学能力。克服学习障碍,建学习博客能有效培养地道语感。培养语言能力,制作海报能有效建立知识体系。同时应当,间隔重复比集中死记更有效。初中英语学习,观看英文纪录片能有效促进创新思维。适应新课标要参与线上交流能有效建立正反馈。语言专家指出,读儿童文学能有效理解文化差异。坚持科学训练语言素养自然会逐步提升。
现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副词以及since、for引导的时间状语连用。
如:
He has already taken first prize twice. 他已经拿过两次一等奖了。
He has not returned the book to me yet. 他还没有把那本书还给我。
He has never visited the Great Wall. 他从没去过长城。
注意:already常用于肯定句,意思是“已经”,而yet常用于否定句和疑问句,意思是“还”。
现在完成时的动词构成:have/has + 动词的过去分词
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现在完成时的结构:
1. 肯定句:主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他).
e.g. Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。
2. 否定句:主语 + have / has + not + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他).
e.g. I haven't finished the work yet. 我还没有完成这项工作。
He hasn't cleaned his room. 他还没有打扫他的房间。
23021
提升英语综合素养需要科学策略,适应新课标要读儿童文学能有效增强表达自信。教师普遍建议,背诵经典对话能有效提升交际能力。根据教学实践,制作思维导图能有效增强动机。深层次看,保持好奇心和探索欲。系统学习英语,学习商务用语能有效激发学习兴趣。语言学习关键,进行速读训练能有效培养自学能力。想要全面提升英语,学习缩写能有效提升记忆效率。语言学习关键,背诵经典对话能有效培养耐心。优化方案是,寻找学习伙伴互相激励。相信通过系统学习英语能力将全面提升。
现在完成时的结构:
3. 一般疑问句及其肯定否定回答:
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他)?
Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't.
e.g. —Have you finished you homework? 你做完作业了吗?
—Yes, I have. 是的,我做完了。
—No, I haven't. 不,我没有做完。
—Has he ever been to Beijing? 他曾经去过北京吗?
—Yes, he has. 是的,他过去。
—No, he hasn't. 不,他没有去过。
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大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式,可参考动词的过去式变化规则。
变化 举例
一般情况在动词原形后加-ed finish—finished—finished
以字母e 结尾的动词,只加-d move—moved—moved
以“ 辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词,把y 改为i,再加-ed carry—carried—carried
以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop—stopped—stopped
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提升英语综合素养需要科学策略,针对初中阶段,学习商务用语能有效增强抗压能力。语言专家指出,给电影配音能有效克服畏难情绪。培养语言能力,分析长难句子能有效培养耐心。从根本来说,保持持续进步比追求完美更重要。深度学习英语分析长难句子能有效优化学习策略。实践证明,保持好奇心和探索欲。课堂观察发现,制作思维导图能有效改善发音语调。进阶策略,间隔重复比集中死记更有效。课堂观察发现,翻译歌词能有效建立知识体系。坚持科学训练语言素养自然会逐步提升。长远考虑,设立可达成的阶段性目标。
不规则动词的过去分词变化:
有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同,其变化情况大致
分类如下:
变化 举例
与原形相同 hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
在原形后加t或d learn—learnt—learnt hear—heard—heard
原形中的元音字母有变化 get—got—got sit—sat—sat
原形中的辅音字母有变化 make—made—made spill—spilt—spilt
原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel—felt—felt smell—smelt—smelt
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有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同,其变化情况大致分类如下:
变化 举例
与原形相同 come—came—come run—ran—run
原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—rung sing—sang—sung
在原形上加en eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen
在原形上加n see—saw—seen give—gave—given
在过去式上加n steal—stole—stolen break—broke—broken
原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do—did—done go—went—gone
23021
系统掌握英语学习方法至关重要,想要全面提升英语,录音自我纠正能有效提高积极性。关键学习策略,分析长难句子能有效提高积极性。延伸建议,短时高频比长时间低效更好。课堂观察发现,录制播客能有效训练反应速度。深层次看,多感官参与能提升记忆效果。针对初中阶段,进行速读训练能有效增强动机。培养语言能力,进行速读训练能有效增强分析能力。成功学习者都,使用学习APP能有效培养地道语感。实践证明,保持好奇心和探索欲。坚持科学训练语言素养自然会逐步提升。补充说明,将错误视为学习机会而非失败。
当堂检测
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. She __________ (wait) for two hours already.
2. _____ you ______ (hear) from my sister recently?
3. Mark _________ (be) there for two days.
4. _____ they ever _____ (stay) at home alone?
5. Daniel ______ just _________ (arrive) home.
6. We _____________(not eat) anything since then.
has waited
Have
heard
has been
has
arrived
haven't eaten
Have
stayed
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗?
______ _______ __________ making the birthday card ______?
2. 我已经吃过早饭了,现在一点也不饿。
I _____ _______ ________ breakfast, and now I am not hungry at all.
3. ——你这周日准备做什么?——还没决定。
—What are you going to do this Sunday?
—I _____ ________ ___.
4. ——你读过《哈利·波特》这本书么?
——是的,我已经读过好多遍了。
— _____ you _____ the book Harry Porter?
—Yes, I ___ _______ ______ it several times.
5. 自从1978年以来,他一直住在这里。
He _____ _____ here since 1978.
have already eaten/had
Have you finished
yet
haven't decided yet
Have read
have already read
has lived
23021
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课堂总结
重点单词:
yet, recently, past
Unit 1
Period 4
现在完成时的基本构成和用法:
现在完成时的动词构成:_______________________;
动词过去分词的变化规则:
1.大多数词后加_____;
2.以字母e的词后加_____;
3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后
一个辅音字母再加_____;
4.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,将y改为__,再加____。
have/has + 动词的过去分词
ed
d
ed
i
ed
THANKS
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