摘要:
该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版九上Unit 5 "Powers of Ideas"的63个核心词汇。从基础名词(如invention, camera)、动词(如invent, produce)到拓展词汇(如papermaking, glider),涵盖音标、词性、例句、变形、短语及必背句型,构建从词汇认知到语境应用的学习支架。
知识链路按"基础词汇—构词规律—文化关联—实际应用"逻辑展开,通过构词法(如前缀super-, mini-)、同义辨析(如result in/lead to)培养思维品质,结合中国高铁、造纸术等文化案例提升文化意识,每个词汇配真实语境例句强化语言能力,助力学生构建系统词汇网络与跨文化沟通能力。
内容正文:
2026秋人教版英语九上Unit 5 Powers of Ideas 单词逐词详解
📘1. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 【n.】 发明;创造
【例句】What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter?(彼得,你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么?)
【变形】invent v. 发明;inventor n. 发明家
【短语】make an invention 做出发明;a great invention 伟大的发明
【必背句型】
① The invention of the light bulb changed people's lives.(电灯的发明改变了人们的生活。)
② He got a patent for his new invention.(他为他的新发明申请了专利。)
③ The telephone is a great invention in human history.(电话是人类历史上伟大的发明。)
📘2. camera /ˈkæmərə/ 【n.】照相机;(电影)摄影机
【例句】You can use a digital camera to take photos of beautiful scenery.(你可以用数码相机拍摄美丽的风景。)
【变形】cameras (复数)
【短语】digital camera 数码相机;take a photo with a camera 用相机拍照
【必背句型】
① This new camera is small but has powerful functions.(这台新相机很小,但功能强大。)
② I want to buy a camera to record my creative ideas.(我想买台相机来记录我的创意。)
③ The new camera on my phone can recognize faces . (我手机的新相机能识别人脸。)
📘3. laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ 【n.】笔记本电脑
【例句】Many designers use their laptops to draw pictures and create works.(许多设计师用笔记本电脑画图并进行创作。)
【变形】laptops (复数)
【短语】use a laptop 使用笔记本电脑;a portable laptop 便携式笔记本
【必背句型】
① You can carry your laptop anywhere to work on your designs.(你可以带着笔记本电脑去任何地方进行设计工作。)
② His new laptop runs much faster than the old one.(他的新笔记本电脑运行速度比旧的那台快得多。)
③ I usually use a portable laptop to search for information and do my homework every evening. (我通常每天晚上用一台便携式笔记本查资料、做作业。)
📘4. high-speed train 【n.】 高速列车
【例句】China's high-speed train is one of the greatest creations in modern transportation.(中国的高速列车是现代交通最伟大的创造之一。)
【短语】take a high-speed train 乘坐高铁;high-speed rail 高速铁路
【必背句型】
① The high-speed train makes travel between cities much easier.(高速列车让城市间的旅行变得容易多了。)
② Many foreigners are amazed by China's high-speed train technology.(许多外国人对中国的高铁技术感到惊叹。)
③ China has taken the lead in developing high-speed trains around the world. (中国在发展高铁方面已在世界处于领先地位。)
📘5. super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ 【adj.】超级的;顶好的
【例句】This is a super idea, and I believe it will come true soon.(这是个极好的主意,我相信它很快就会实现。)
【变形】superior adj. 更好的,更高级的
【补充】super可以作为前缀,表示“超级、超、上等、过多”, 如supermarket n. 超市; superstar n. 超级巨星 superman n. 超人 superwoman n. 女超人
【短语】super power 超级大国
【必背句型】
① We had a super time discussing our new project yesterday.(昨天我们讨论新项目时玩得很开心。)
② She is a super singer with amazing creativity.(她是一位极具创造力的超级歌手。)
③ China is becoming a super power in science, technology, and space exploration. (中国正在成为科技和太空探索领域的超级大国。)
📘6. sunglasses /ˈsʌnɡlɑːsɪz/ 【n.】墨镜 →只有复数形式
【例句】Super See is a pair of sunglasses designed to protect people's eyes.(Super See 是一款为保护双眼而设计的太阳镜。)
【短语】a pair of sunglasses 一副墨镜;wear sunglasses 戴墨镜
【必背句型】
① These sunglasses are designed with a special UV protection layer.(这些墨镜设计了特殊的防紫外线层。)
② Put on your sunglasses; the sun is shining brightly.(戴上你的墨镜,阳光太刺眼了。)
③ Inventors often wear sunglasses to protect their eyes when testing outdoor devices.(发明家在测试户外设备时经常戴墨镜保护眼睛。)
📘7. mini- /ˈmɪni/ 微型的;短的(前缀)
【例句】A mini-camera is connected to Super See to help with reading. ( Super See 连接了一台微型摄像头,用来辅助阅读。)
【补充】minibus 小型巴士;miniskirt 迷你裙;
【必背句型】
① My school is near my home, so I usually go to school by minibus. (我家离学校很近,所以我通常坐小型巴士去上学。)
② She drew a mini-painting on a small piece of paper.(她在一张小纸片上画了一幅微型画。)
③ He created a mini-robot that can help clean the room.(他创造了一个微型机器人,可以帮助打扫房间。)
📘8. itself /ɪtˈself/ 【pron.】 它自己
【例句】The machine itself is not expensive, but the software is costly.(机器本身不贵,但软件很昂贵。)
【短语】by itself 单独地,独立地;in itself 本质上,本身
【必背句型】
① The book itself contains many creative stories about science.(这本书本身包含了许多关于科学的创造性故事。)
② The robot can work by itself without human control.(这个机器人可以在没有人类控制的情况下独立工作。)
③ Failure is not a bad thing in itself; it helps us learn from mistakes. (失败本身并不是坏事,它能帮我们从错误中学习。)
📘9. button /ˈbʌtn/ 【n.】按钮;扣子
【例句】A button on Smart Cook should be pressed before cooking. ( 在做饭之前,应该按下 Smart Cook 上的一个按钮。)
【变形】buttons (复数)
【短语】press the button 按下按钮;a shirt button 衬衫纽扣
【必背句型】
① There is a small button on the remote control.(遥控器上有个小按钮。)
② He sewed a button onto his coat.(他在外套上缝了一颗扣子。)
③ Just press the red button to start the innovative machine.(只需按下红色按钮即可启动这台创新机器。)
📘10. hundreds (of ...) 许多;大量
【例句】Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook.( )
【变形】hundred(单数,前面有具体数字时用)
【补充】thousands of 成千上万; millions of 数百万
【短语】hundreds of 成百上千的;several hundred 几百
【必背句型】
① Hundreds of students visited the invention exhibition.(数百名学生参观了发明展览。)
② I have read hundreds of books about creativity.(我已经读了几百本关于创造力的书。)
③ There are hundreds of new inventions displayed at the science fair.(科技博览会上展出了数百种新发明。)
📘11. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ 【v.】 生产;繁育
【例句】This factory produces thousands of laptops every month.(这家工厂每月生产数千台笔记本电脑。)
【变形】produced (过去式/过去分词); producing (现在分词);
product n. 产品; production n. 生产
【短语】produce goods 生产商品;produce electricity 发电
【必背句型】
① They produced a new type of eco-friendly car last year.(他们去年生产了一种新型环保汽车。)
② The company produces high-quality cameras for photographers.(这家公司为摄影师生产高质量的相机。)
③ Solar panels on the roof can produce electricity from sunlight. (屋顶上的太阳能板可以利用阳光发电。)
📘12. file /faɪl/ 【n.】(计算机的)文件;文件夹
【例句】A file is created by the computer. (文件由计算机创建。 )
【变形】files (复数)
【短语】computer files 计算机文件;open a file 打开文件;a file folder 文件夹
【必背句型】
①Yesterday, I couldn’t open a file because my computer suddenly froze. (昨天我无法打开一个文件,因为电脑突然死机了。)
② Please send me the file via email.(请通过电子邮件把文件发给我。)
③ Please save the design file on your computer desktop.(请把设计文件保存在电脑桌面上。)
📘13. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ 【 n. & adj. 】塑料(的)
【例句】The object is produced by building up plastic. (该物体采用塑料增材制造而成。)
【变形】plastics (复数,指各种塑料制品)
【短语】plastic bags 塑料袋;plastic bottles 塑料瓶;be made of plastic 由塑料制成
【必背句型】
① Last weekend, we picked up hundreds of plastic bottles on the beach.(上周末我们海滩上捡了数百个塑料瓶。)
② Don't throw plastic waste into the ocean.(不要把塑料垃圾扔进海洋。)
③ This ruler is made of plastic, so it is light and cheap. (这把尺子是塑料做的,所以又轻又便宜。)
📘14. printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ 【n.】 打印机;印刷公司
【例句】The file is read by the 3D printer. (该文件由3D打印机读取。)
【变形】printers (复数); printing n. 印刷; 印刷术
【短语】laser printer 激光打印机;connect a printer 连接打印机
【必背句型】
① This printer can print both documents and photos.(这台打印机既能打印文件也能打印照片。)
② First, you need to connect a printer to the computer with a USB cable. (首先,你需要用USB线把打印机连接到电脑上。)
③I used a laser printer to print my report yesterday afternoon. (昨天下午我用激光打印机打印了我的报告。)
📘15. invent /ɪnˈvent/ 【v.】 发明;编造
【例句】Before the radio was invented,information travelled very slowly. (在收音机发明之前,信息传播得非常缓慢。)
【变形】invented (过去式/过去分词); inventing (现在分词);
invention n. 发明; inventor n. 发明家
【短语】invent sth. 发明某物;invent a story 编造故事
【必背句型】
① Thomas Edison invented the light bulb many years ago. (托马斯·爱迪生在很多年前发明了电灯泡。)
② Don’t invent stories to avoid doing homework!(别编故事逃避做作业!)
③ Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.(亚历山大·格拉汉姆·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。)
📘16. all over the world 全世界
【例句】People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.(通过互联网,世界各地的人们彼此紧密相连。)
【用法】travel all over the world 周游世界;be famous all over the world 举世闻名
【补充】around the world 全世界 the whole world 全世界
【必背句型】
① This invention is popular all over the world.(这项发明在全世界都很受欢迎。)
② Beijing is famous all over the world for its long history and beautiful sights.(北京因其悠久的历史和美丽的景色而举世闻名。)
③ Chinese products are sold all over the world.(中国产品销往全世界。)
📘17. suppose /səˈpəʊz/ 【v.】 认为;推断
【例句 It wasn't supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.(启动这台机器时按下按钮,本不应该发出这么大的噪音。)
【变形】supposed (过去式/过去分词); supposing (现在分词); supposition n. 推测
【短语】be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事;I suppose (that)+从句... 我认为...
【必背句型】
① What do you suppose will happen next in the story?(你认为故事的接下来会发生什么?)
② We are supposed to hand in our creative writing tomorrow.(我们应该明天上交我们的创意写作。)
③ I suppose that AI will play a big role in future inventions.(我认为人工智能将在未来的发明中发挥巨大作用。)
📘18. be supposed to do 应当做(某事)或是(某物)
【例句】You are supposed to follow the safety rules when using new machines.(使用新机器时,你应当遵守安全规则。)
【短语】be supposed to be 被认为是...
【必背句型】
① This math problem is supposed to be very difficult, but I think it’s easy.(这道数学题被认为是很难的,但我觉着挺简单。)
② You are not supposed to talk loudly in the library. (你不可以在图书馆大声说话。)
③ You are supposed to shake hands when you meet someone for the first time . (初次见面时,你应该握手。)
📘19. wheel /wiːl/ 【n.】车轮;轮子
【例句】It is believed that the world's oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. (人们认为,世界上最古老的车轮是在东欧被发现的。)
【变形】wheels (复数)
【短语】on wheels 装在轮子上的; 带轮子的
【必背句型】
① The heavy box is on wheels, so it’s easy to move.(这个重箱子带轮子,所以很好移动。)
② He fixed the broken wheel of his bicycle.(他修好了自行车坏掉的轮子。)
③ The wheel is one of the most important ancient inventions.(车轮是最重要的古代发明之一。)
📘20. frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ 【adj.】冻硬的;冰封的
【例句】In summer,the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on. (在夏天,冻土层的表面会融化,变得过于松软,无法在其上进行建设。)
【变形】freeze v. 结冰; freezing adj. 极冷的
【短语】frozen food 冷冻食品; frozen lake 结冰的湖
【必背句型】
① Children like skating on the frozen lake when it’s cold enough.(天足够冷时,孩子们喜欢在结冰的湖上滑冰。)
② We buy frozen food like dumplings and fish at the supermarket.(我们在超市买饺子、鱼这类冷冻食品。)
③ The Arctic is covered with frozen ice all year round.(北极终年被冰封覆盖。)
📘21. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ 【v.】完成;结束; 【adj.】完全的;彻底的
【例句】The Qinghai- Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. (青藏铁路于2006年竣工。)
It took him two years to complete his first invention.(他花了两年时间才完成他的第一项发明。)
【变形】completed (过去式/过去分词); completing (现在分词); completely adv. 完全地
【短语】complete a task 完成任务;a complete success 彻底的成功
【必背句型】
① Have you completed your design for the new robot?(你完成新机器人的设计了吗?)
② It was a complete surprise that he won the prize.(他获奖真是个彻底的惊喜。)
③ Please complete the reading notes after you finish the story.(读完这个故事后,请完成阅读笔记。)
📘22. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ 【n.】层;表层
【例句】The screen is protected by a thin layer of plastic.(屏幕由一层薄薄的塑料保护着。)
【变形】layers (复数)
【短语】top layer 顶层;a layer of 一层...
【必背句型】
① The top layer of the cake is covered with fresh strawberries.(蛋糕的顶层铺满了新鲜的草莓。)
② Put the books on the top layer of the shelf, please.(请把书放在书架的顶层。)
③Special technology is used to protect the top layer of the frozen ground along the railway.(为了保护铁路沿线的冻土顶层,人们使用了特殊技术。)
📘23. melt /melt/ 【v.】(使)融化;逐渐消失
【例句】The hot sun will melt the snow on the mountains.(炎热的太阳会融化山上的积雪。)
【变形】melted (过去式/过去分词); melting (现在分词);
melted adj. 融化的(指普通物质,如冰); molten adj. 熔化的(指高温熔化的金属)
【短语】melt away 消失;melt down 熔化
【必背句型】
① His worries melted away after he talked to his teacher.(和老师谈过后,他的烦恼就烟消云散了。)
② The snow will melt away when spring comes.(春天来了,雪就会融化消失。)
③ The metal will melt down if the temperature gets too high.(如果温度太高,这种金属会熔化。)
📘24. pipe /paɪp/ 【n.】 管道;管子;烟斗
【例句】Pipes were used to keep the ground hard. (管道被用来保持地面坚硬。)
【变形】pipes (复数); waterpipe n. 水管
【短语】water pipe 水管
【必背句型】
① My father fixed the broken water pipe by himself yesterday.(爸爸昨天自己修好了那根坏掉的水管。)
② This pipe carries water to the top floor.(这根管子把水输送到顶楼。)
③ The water pipe broke and water went everywhere in the bathroom.(水管爆裂了,浴室里到处都是水。)
📘25. tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ 【n.】隧道;地下通道
【例句】However, in some places it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to be created instead. (然而,在有些地方,根本无法在冻土上修建铁路,所以不得不改修隧道取而代之。)
【变形】tunnels (复数)
【短语】go through a tunnel 穿过隧道;underground tunnel 地下通道
【必背句型】
① Workers are digging a tunnel under the river.(工人们正在河底挖一条隧道。)
② The tunnel connects the two sides of the city.(这条隧道连接了城市的两边。)
③ The high-speed train goes through a long tunnel in the mountain.(高铁穿过山里的一条长隧道。)
📘26. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ 【n.】 旅游业
【例句】As an important and successful project, the railway has increased tourism and economic development in the area. (作为一项重要且成功的项目,这条铁路促进了当地的旅游业和经济发展。 )
【变形】tourist n. 游客; tour v. 旅游
【短语】develop tourism 发展旅游业;domestic tourism 国内旅游
【必背句型】
① Our city wants to develop tourism to make more jobs for local people.(我们城市想发展旅游业,为当地人创造更多就业机会。)
② Tourism is an important industry in this area.(旅游业是这个地区的重要产业。)
③More and more people choose domestic tourism during holidays now.(现在越来越多的人在假期选择国内旅游。)
📘27. gain /ɡeɪn/ 【v.】 获得;取得
【例句】The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help improve transport in other similar places in the world.(从修建这条铁路中获得的教训和经验,将有助于改善世界上其他类似地区的交通。 )
【变形】gained (过去式/过去分词); gaining (现在分词)
【短语】gain weight 增重;gain experience 获取经验;gain access to 得以进入/接触
【必背句型】
① He gained some weight after eating too much fast food last month.(上个月他吃太多快餐,长胖了一些。)
② Volunteering helps me gain experience for my future job.(做志愿者能帮我获取未来工作的经验。)
③ She hopes to gain more knowledge about robotics.(她希望获得更多关于机器人技术的知识。)
📘28. reality /riˈæləti/ 【n.】 现实;事实
【例句】How do we turn ideas into reality?(我们如何将想法变成现实?)
【变形】real adj. 真实的; really adv. 真正地
【短语】in reality 实际上;face reality 面对现实;virtual reality 虚拟现实
【必背句型】
① Virtual reality technology creates a fake world.(虚拟现实技术创造了一个虚拟世界。)
② Your idea sounds crazy, but it might become a reality one day.(你的想法听起来很疯狂,但也许有一天会变成现实。)
③ Facing reality helps us solve problems better.(面对现实能帮我们更好地解决问题。)
📘29. papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ 【n.】造纸工艺;造纸业
【例句】All of these things depend on one invention— papermaking.(所有这一切都依托于同一项发明——造纸术。)
【构成】paper (纸) + making (制作)
【短语】the art of papermaking 造纸艺术;traditional papermaking 传统造纸术
【补充】四大发明相关:printing n. 印刷术 gunpowder n. 火药 compass n. 指南针
【必背句型】
① Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一。)
② He is studying the history of papermaking.(他正在研究造纸术的历史。)
③ The invention of papermaking helped spread knowledge around the world.(造纸术的发明帮助了知识在全世界的传播。)
📘30. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 【adj.】作为原因的;有责任的
【例句】Papermaking was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. (造纸术促成了信息的快速传播,从而塑造了我们今天所处的现代世界。 )
【变形】responsibility n. 责任;responsibly adv. 负责任地; irresponsible adj. 不负责任的(反)
【短语】be responsible for 对...负责;a responsible person 负责任的人
【必背句型】
① To be a responsible person, you must keep your promises.(要成为负责任的人,就必须信守诺言。)
② As a scientist, he feels responsible to protect the environment.(作为一名科学家,他觉得有责任保护环境。)
③ I am responsible for cleaning the blackboard today.(我今天负责擦黑板。)
📘31. responsible for sth 引起某事;对…负责
【例句】The heavy rain was responsible for the flood in the village.(这场大雨导致了村里的洪水。)
【必背句型】
① Human activities are responsible for global warming.(人类活动是造成全球变暖的原因。)
② Who is responsible for cleaning the classroom today?(今天谁负责打扫教室?)
③ We should be responsible for protecting the environment.(我们应该对保护环境负责。)
📘32. rapid /ˈræpɪd/ 【adj.】迅速的;瞬间的
【例句】The development of AI technology is rapid these days.(如今人工智能技术的发展非常迅速。)
【变形】rapidly adv. 迅速地;rapidity n. 迅速
【短语】rapid development 快速发展;rapid growth 快速增长; a rapid increase 快速增长
【必背句型】
① The rapid development of the Internet changes how we communicate.(互联网的快速发展改变了我们的交流方式。)
② The rapid development of science makes our life easier.(科学的快速发展让我们的生活更便利。)
③ Rapid growth of population brings some problems.(人口的快速增长带来了一些问题。)
📘33. shape /ʃeɪp/ 【v.】 塑造; 【n.】形状
【例句】You can shape the clay into any form you like.(你可以把黏土塑造成任何你喜欢的形状。)
【变形】shaped (过去式/过去分词); shaping (现在分词); shapeless adj. 不成形的
【短语】in the shape of 呈…的形状;shape sth. into sth. 把…塑造成…
【必背句型】
① The new smartphone has a very cool shape.(这款新智能手机的形状很酷。)
② The swimming pool is in the shape of a moon.(这个游泳池是月牙形状的。)
③ She shaped the clay into a small cup.(她把黏土捏成了一个小杯子。)
📘34. bronze /brɒnz/ 【n. & adj. 】青铜(的);青铜色(的)
【例句】In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on,such as animal bones, bronze wares, stones, wood,bamboo ,and even silk. (在古代中国,人们使用许多不同的材料来书写,例如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木头、竹筒,甚至丝绸。)
【变形】bronzes (复数名词)
【短语】bronze medal 铜牌;the Bronze Age 青铜时代
【必背句型】
① The ancient bronze mirror was a great invention.(这面古老的青铜镜是一项伟大的发明。)
② He won a bronze medal in the school sports meeting.(他在校运动会上赢得了一枚铜牌。)
③ The Bronze Age was a time when people used bronze tools.(青铜时代是人们使用青铜工具的时期。)
📘35. ware /weə(r)/ 【n.】制品;陶器
【例句】This shop sells traditional pottery ware.(这家店出售传统的陶器。)
【变形】wares (复数); 【合成词】software 软件;hardware 硬件;五金器具
【短语】pottery ware 陶器; bronze wares 青铜器
【必背句型】
① My grandma likes making pottery ware at home.(我奶奶喜欢在家做陶器。)
② The museum has many old pottery wares from China.(博物馆里有很多来自中国的古老陶器。)
③ China is famous for its ancient bronze wares.(中国以其古老的青铜器而闻名。)
④ This software helps me learn English better.(这款软件帮我更好地学英语。)
📘36. stone /stəʊn/ 【n.】石头;岩石
【例句】People used stone tools before they invented metal ones.(在发明金属工具之前,人们使用石器。)
【变形】stones (复数)
【短语】a stone bridge 石桥;throw a stone 扔石头
【必背句型】
① The Great Wall is made of bricks and stones.(长城是由砖块和石头建成的。)
② The stone bridge is over 100 years old but still strong.(这座石桥有一百多年历史了,依然很坚固。)
③ We should never throw stones in the zoo.(我们在动物园里绝不能扔石头。)
📘37. jute /dʒuːt/ 【n.】 黄麻纤维 ⭐不可数名词
【例句】In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made of jute—a fiber that comes from plants. (在西汉时期,就出现了一种早期的纸,它由黄麻制成——黄麻是一种来自植物的纤维。)
【短语】jute bag 黄麻袋;jute fiber 黄麻纤维
【必背句型】
① Jute is a natural fiber used in packaging.(黄麻是一种用于包装的天然纤维。)
② They invented a machine to process jute faster.(他们发明了一台机器来更快地加工黄麻。)
③ Farmers grow jute to make sacks and cloth.(农民种植黄麻来制作麻袋和布料。)
📘38. fibre (=fiber) /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ 【n.】 纤维;纤维素
【例句】This cloth is made of man-made fibres.(这块布是由人造纤维制成的。)
【变形】fibres (复数)
【补充】表示物质总称是不可数名词; 表示具体种类的纤维,如棉纤维时,是可数名词;
【短语】dietary fibre 膳食纤维;nerve fibre 神经纤维
【必背句型】
① Whole wheat bread has more dietary fibre than white bread.(全麦面包比白面包含有更多膳食纤维。)
② The fibre of this material makes it very strong.(这种材料的纤维使它非常结实。)
③ Vegetables like carrots are rich in dietary fibre.(像胡萝卜这样的蔬菜富含膳食纤维。)
📘39. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ 【adj.】 昂贵的;价格高的
【例句】However,all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.(然而所有这些材料,要么难以使用和储存,要么价格昂贵。)
【变形】expensively adv. 昂贵地; expense n. 费用; inexpensive adj. 不贵的; 便宜的(反)
【短语】an expensive car 昂贵的汽车;look expensive 看起来很贵
【必背句型】
①Other kinds of paper were too expensive before Cai Lun improved the technology.(在蔡伦改进技术之前,其他种类的纸太贵了。)
② Is this camera expensive? It looks professional.(这台相机很贵吗?它看起来很专业。)
③ This new laptop is very powerful but too expensive.(这款新笔记本电脑性能很强,但是太贵了。)
📘40. officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ 【n.】官员;高级职员
【例句】Cai Lun was the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. (蔡伦是东汉时期皇室工坊的主管官员。)
【变形】officers (复数); office n. 办公室; official adj. 官方的; 正式的
【短语】head officer 主管; police officer 警官;chief officer 长官
【必背句型】
① The head officer held a meeting to discuss the new plan.(主管召开了一次会议,讨论新计划。)
② The police officer helped the lost child find his mother.(那位警官帮助走失的孩子找到了妈妈。)
③ The chief officer made an important decision for the team.(长官为团队做出了一个重要决定。)
📘41. workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ 【n.】作坊;讲习班 →补充释义: 车间; 工场; 研讨会
【例句】He learned how to repair engines in a small workshop.(他在一个小作坊里学会了修理引擎。)
【变形】workshops (复数); workplace n. 工作场所
【短语】attend a workshop 参加讲习班;hold a workshop 举办研讨会; art workshop 美术工坊
repair workshop 维修车间; training workshop 实训车间
【必背句型】
① Last weekend, she attended a workshop to learn how to make cakes.(上周末,她参加了一个学习制作蛋糕的讲习班。)
② I signed up for a creative writing workshop.(我报名参加了一个创意写作讲习班。)
③ The art workshop is open to all students every Friday afternoon.(每周五下午,美术工坊对所有学生开放。)
📘42. none /nʌn/ 【pron.】没有一个;毫无
【例句】Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. (人们尝试了多种制作书写材料的方法,但没有一种是理想的。)
【短语】none of … ……中没有一个;none other than 正是…
【必背句型】
① None of the students knew the answer.(学生们没有一个知道答案。)
② We have three printers, but none works properly.(我们有三台打印机,但没有一台正常工作。)
③ — How many inventions did you see? — None.(— 你看到了多少发明?— 一个也没有。)
📘43. ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ 【adj.】 最合适的;理想的; 【n.】理想; 完美的人或事物
【例句】This quiet room is an ideal place for creative thinking.(这个安静的房间是创造性思维的理想场所。)
【变形】ideally adv. 理想地;idealistic adj. 理想主义的
【短语】ideal job 理想的工作;ideal condition 理想状态
【必背句型】
① She is looking for an ideal partner to start a business with.(她正在寻找一位理想的商业伙伴。)
② Helping people is her ideal in life.(帮助他人是她的人生理想。)
③ My ideal job is to be a teacher,because I love spending time with children. (我理想的工作是当老师,因为我喜欢和孩子们相处。)
📘44. certain /ˈsɜːtn/ 【adj.】某些;确定的; 【pron.】(不提及名称时用)某(些)
【例句】We are not certain if it will rain tomorrow.(我们不太确定明天会不会下雨。)
【变形】certainly adv. 当然;certainty n. 确定性
【短语】for certain 确定地;make certain 弄清楚
【必背句型】
① No one knows for certain what the future will be like.(没人能确定地知道未来会怎样。)
② Certain materials are better for making robots.(某些材料更适合用来制造机器人。)
③ Please make certain that the door is locked before leaving.(离开前请确保门已锁好。)
📘45. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ 【adj.】合适的;适宜的
【例句】From past experiences,Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. (从过去的经验中蔡伦得到启发,树皮,某些植物和旧衣服,可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。 )
【变形】suit v. 适合 n. 套装
【短语】be suitable for 适合…;be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
【必背句型】
① This book is suitable for teenagers interested in science.(这本书适合对科学感兴趣的青少年。)
② Do you think he is suitable for the job?(你觉得他适合这份工作吗?)
③ Spring is suitable for planting trees and flowers.(春天适合种树和种花。)
④ She is suitable to join the school basketball team.(她适合加入学校篮球队。)
📘46. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ 【n.】液体; 【adj.】液体的
【例句】Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. (接下来将液体倒在竹筛上,只留下纤维。)
【变形】liquids (复数)
【补充】表示液体总称时是不可数名词; 表示不同种类的液体是可数名词;
【短语】liquid food 流质食物;liquid crystal 液晶
【必背句型】
① The chemist mixed two liquids together.(化学家把两种液体混合在一起。)
② This machine turns the solid material into a liquid.(这台机器把固体材料变成液体。)
③ Water is the most common liquid on Earth.(水是地球上最常见的液体。)
📘47. cheap /tʃiːp/ 【adj.】 便宜的; 【adv.】低廉地
【例句】The paper created by Cai Lun was soft, light, easy to make and most importantly, cheap. (蔡伦创造的纸柔软,轻便,易制作,并且最重要的是价格低廉。)
【变形】cheaper (比较级); cheapest (最高级); cheaply adv. 便宜地
【短语】at a cheap price 以低价 ;cheap goods 廉价商品; cheap food 平价食物
【必背句型】
① I bought this bike at a cheap price in the market.(我在市场以低价买了这辆自行车。)
② The clothes here are cheap and nice. (这儿的衣服物美价廉。)
③ This kind of material is too cheap. (这种材料品质太差。)
📘48. creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ 【n.】创造;作品
【例句】In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. 公元105年,蔡伦向皇帝展示了他的创造。
【变形】create v. 创造;creative adj. 有创造力的;creator n. 创造者; creativity n. 创造力
【短语】art creation 艺术创作;original creation 原创作品; a great creation 伟大的作品
【必背句型】
① Art creation needs imagination and patience.(艺术创作需要想象力和耐心。)
② The Mona Lisa is a great creation by Leonardo da Vinci.(《蒙娜丽莎》是达·芬奇的伟大作品。)
③ The artist's latest creation is a sculpture made of ice.(这位艺术家最新的作品是一座冰雕。)
📘49. later on 后来;其后
【例句】Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed the civilizations around the world. (后来造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展,也改变了世界各地的文明。)
【必背句型】
① We will discuss the details later on.(我们稍后会讨论细节。)
② She felt sad at first, but felt happy later on.(起初她感到难过,但后来感到高兴。)
③ He didn’t understand the math problem at first, but he figured it out later on.(起初他不明白这道数学题,但后来他弄懂了。)
📘50. speed up (使)加速
【例句】The new engine helps the car speed up quickly.(新引擎帮助汽车迅速加速。)
【短语】speed up the process 加速进程;speed up the development of 加速......的发展
【必背句型】
① Drinking enough water speeds up the process of digesting food.(喝足够的水会加速食物消化的进程。)
② The invention of computers sped up scientific research.(计算机的发明加速了科学研究。)
③ New technology speeds up the development of our city.(新技术加速了我们城市的发展。)
📘51. Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ 【adj. 】阿拉伯语的; 【n.】阿拉伯语
【例句】He is learning Arabic because he wants to travel to Egypt.(他正在学阿拉伯语,因为他想去埃及旅行。)
【变形】Arab n. 阿拉伯人;Arabian adj. 阿拉伯的(常指地理)
【短语】speak Arabic 说阿拉伯语; Arabic numerals 阿拉伯数字;Arabic culture 阿拉伯文化
【补充】The Arabian Nights 《一千零一夜》
【必背句型】
① Arabic is written from right to left.(阿拉伯语是从右向左书写的。)
② The number system we use today comes from Arabic culture.(我们今天使用的数字系统源自阿拉伯文化。)
③ Arabic culture is famous for its beautiful art and music.(阿拉伯文化以其美丽的艺术和音乐而闻名。)
📘52. result in 造成;导致
【例句】This resulted in a new birth of knowledge creating the world we have today. (这促成了知识的新生,造就了我们今天的世界。)
【补充】as a result 结果
【必背句型】
① The new law may result in more job opportunities.(这项新法律可能会导致更多的就业机会。)
② Lack of sleep often results in poor concentration.(睡眠不足常常导致注意力不集中。)
③ Eating too much sugar can result in health problems.(吃太多糖会导致健康问题。)
📘53. lead to 导致;造成;通向
【例句】Hard work and creativity will lead to success.(努力工作和创造力将导致成功。)
【易错】注意lead的过去式和过去分词变化,lead-led-led;
【区分】result in:强调“结果是……”,正式用语,后接的是最终结果(名词/名词短语);
lead to:强调“一步步引向……”, 口语、书面都常用,后面既可以接结果,也可以接地点;
【补充】All roads lead to Rome.(条条大路通罗马。)→谚语
【必背句型】
① This door leads to a small garden. (这扇门通向一座小花园。)
② His curiosity led to the discovery of a new planet.(他的好奇心导致了一颗新星球的发现。)
③ Staying up late led to his illness. (熬夜使他生病了。)
📘54. birth /bɜːθ/ 【n.】 起源;诞生
【例句】The birth of the internet changed the world forever.(互联网的诞生永远改变了世界。)
【变形】births (复数) 【合成词】birthday n. 生日; birthplace n. 出生地; birthmark n. 胎记
【短语】give birth to 生下;the birth of …的诞生
【必背句型】
① We celebrated the birth of the new company.(我们庆祝这家新公司的成立/诞生。)
② The dog gave birth to three lovely puppies last night.(这只狗昨晚生下了三只可爱的小狗。)
③ The birth of the telephone made communication easier.(电话的诞生让沟通变得更简单。)
📘55. rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ 【adv.】迅速地;快速地
【例句】 News could travel much more rapidly with the inventions like the radio and television. (有了收音机和电视机等发明,新闻传播速度可以快得多。)
【变形】rapid adj. 迅速的;rapidity n. 迅速
【短语】grow rapidly 快速增长;change rapidly 迅速变化; increase rapidly 快速增加
【必背句型】
① The population in this city is increasing rapidly.(这座城市的人口正在迅速增长。)
② People’s lifestyles are changing rapidly with new technology.(随着新技术出现,人们的生活方式正在迅速改变。)
③ Technology is developing rapidly in the 21st century.(21世纪的技术正在迅速发展。)
📘56. afford /əˈfɔːd/ 【v.】买得起;能做
【例句】Fibre made from oil provides a cheap solution to the problem that many people cannot afford to buy enough clothes. (石油制成的纤维为许多人买不起足够的衣服的问题提供了一种廉价的解决方案。)
【变形】afforded (过去式/过去分词); affording (现在分词); affordable adj. 买得起的; 价格实惠的
【用法】afford常与 can / can't / could / be able to连用; 接动词时必须用to do形式;
【短语】afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事;can't afford 买不起
【必背句型】
① I can't afford such an expensive camera.(我买不起这么贵的相机。)
② Many young people can't afford to buy houses in big cities. (许多年轻人在大城市买不起房。)
③ If you save money every month,you can afford to take a short vacation. (如果你每月存钱,就能负担一次短途旅行。)
④ He could hardly afford to buy new books when he was a middle school student. (他上中学时几乎买不起新书。)
📘57. company /ˈkʌmpəni/ 【n.】公司;剧团 →补充:【v.&n.】 陪伴(中考高频⭐)
【例句】A film was produced by a film company to tell us about what robots could do for people's lives in the future. (一家电影公司制作了一部电影,向我们展示机器人未来能为人们的生活做些什么。)
【变形】companies (复数); companion n. 同伴
【短语】set up a company 创办公司; a big/large company大公司; run a company 经营一家公司; keep sb. company 陪伴某人; in company with 与......一起(⭐中考高频)
【必背句型】
① This company produces high-quality printers.(这家公司生产高质量的打印机。)
② He set up his own company after graduation.(毕业后他创办了自己的公司。)
③ My father works for a large IT company.(我父亲在一家大型IT公司工作。)
④ Reading books can keep you company when you are alone.(当你独自一人时,读书可以陪伴你。)
⑤ He went to the park in company with his classmates.(他和同学们一起去了公园。)
📘58. sticky /ˈstɪki/ 【adj.】黏(性)的;闷热的
【例句】Did you know that an accident led to the invention of sticky notes?(你知道一个意外促成了便利贴的发明吗? )
【变形】stickier (比较级); stickiest (最高级); stick v. 粘贴
【短语】sticky tape 胶带;sticky food 黏性食物; a sticky problem 棘手的问题( sticky的引申意义为“棘手的,难办的”,在阅读中会出现熟词生义考查)
【必背句型】
① Don’t eat too much sticky food before sleeping.(睡前不要吃太多黏性食物。)
② How to stop noise is a sticky problem in cities.(如何减少噪音是城市里一个棘手的问题。)
③ Be careful! The glue on the table is still sticky.(小心!桌子上的胶水还是粘的。)
📘59. production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ 【n.】 生产;制作
【例句】Her idea resulted in the production of sticky notes of many sizes and colours. (她的想法促成了各种尺寸和颜色的便利贴的生产。)
【变形】produce v. 生产;productive adj. 多产的
【短语】mass production 大规模生产;increase production 增产; film production 电影制作
【必背句型】
① The factory increased its production of laptops.(这家工厂增加了笔记本电脑的产量。)
② The production of cars has become an important industry. (汽车制造已成为一项重要产业。)
③ The production of electric cars is increasing every year.(电动汽车的产量每年都在增加。)
📘60. gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ 【adv.】逐渐地;逐步地
【例句】Sticky notes gradually became popular. (便利贴逐渐变得流行。)
【变形】gradual adj. 逐渐的
【用法】作状语,可位于句首句中句末,修饰整个句子或动词,完形或阅读中高频出现;
【补充】写作时可以与little by little(渐渐地), step by step(一步步地) 进行同义替换;
【短语】change gradually 逐渐变化;improve gradually 逐步提升
【必背句型】
① Gradually,he got used to the new school life. (渐渐地他适应了新的校园生活。)
② My English has improved gradually during this term. (这学期我的英语水平逐步提升。)
③ The leaves gradually turned yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶逐渐变黄了。)
📘61. widely /ˈwaɪdli/ 【adv.】广泛地;普遍地
【例句】Sticky notes are widely used all over the world.(便利贴在全世界被广泛使用。)
【变形】wide adj. 宽的
【用法】注意是副词,位于实义动词前, be动词或助动词后,也可以置于句末; 表示抽象意义上的“广泛、普遍”;
【短语】be widely used 被广泛使用;be widely known 众所周知; be widely spread 广泛传播
【必背句型】
① English is widely spoken all over the world.(英语在全世界被广泛使用。)
② The technique of printing was widely spread along the Silk Road and influenced cultures across Asia and Europe. (印刷术沿着丝绸之路被广泛传播,影响了亚洲和欧洲的文化。)
③ The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are widely known as important contributions to human civilization. (中国古代四大发明作为对人类文明的重要贡献而众所周知。)
📘62. be looking to do sth 试图找到做某事的方法;打算做某事
【例句】The inventors were not looking to change the world at all. (发明者没想过要改变世界。)
【区分】look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事( 接doing形式) →中考高频⭐
【补充】可以和plan to do sth. (计划做某事)同义替换
【必背句型】
① The company is looking to expand its business overseas.(这家公司正试图将业务扩展到海外。)
② I am looking to buy a cheaper laptop next month.(我打算下个月买一台更便宜的笔记本电脑。)③ We are looking to take part in the school volunteer activity this weekend. (我们计划这周末参加学校志愿活动。)
📘63. glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/ 【n.】滑翔机
【例句】To solve the problem of heavier-than-air flight,the Wright brothers began working with gliders. (为了解决重于空气的飞行问题,莱特兄弟开始研究滑翔机。)
【变形】gliders (复数); glide v. 滑翔
【短语】glider pilot 滑翔机飞行员; fly a glider 驾驶滑翔机
【必背句型】
① The glider moves silently with the help of wind. (这架滑翔机借助风力无声滑行。)
② He dreams of becoming a glider pilot in the future. (他梦想将来成为一名滑翔机飞行员。)
③ The Wright brothers invented a controllable glider before the airplane.(莱特兄弟在发明飞机之前先造了一架可控的滑翔机。)
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