内容正文:
新人教版选择性必修一Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元知识清单
一、重点单词
1. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的;关键性的
搭配:be crucial to/for sth. 对……至关重要;It is crucial that... ……至关重要
例句:Practice is crucial to learning English well. 练习对于学好英语至关重要。
2. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
搭配:be vital to/for sth. 对……极为重要;It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要
例句:Fresh air is vital for our health. 新鲜空气对我们的健康必不可少。
3.commit /kəˈmɪt/ vt. 承诺;犯(罪/错) vi. 全身心投入
变形:commitment n. 承诺;投入;committed adj. 坚定的;尽心尽力的
搭配:commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/致力于(做)某事
例句:She committed herself to helping the poor all her life. 她毕生致力于帮助穷人。
4.evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评价;评估
例句:Teachers need to evaluate students' progress regularly. 教师需要定期评估学生的学习进展。
5.distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 清晰的;有区别的
变形:distinction n. 差别;卓著
搭配:be distinct from 与……截然不同
例句:The two ideas are distinct from each other. 这两种观点截然不同。
6.boil /bɔɪl/ vt. & vi. (使)沸腾;烧开 n. 沸点
搭配:boiling water 沸水;boiled water 白开水
例句:Please boil some water for tea. 请烧点水泡茶。
7.obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. (经努力)获得;赢得 vi. 流行
变形:obtainable adj. 可获得的
例句:It is not easy to obtain his trust. 想要获得他的信任并不容易。
8.acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认;(公开)感谢
变形:acknowledgement n. 承认;谢意
搭配:acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事;It is universally acknowledged that… 众所周知……
例句:He refused to acknowledge making the mistake. 他拒不承认犯了错误。
拓展例句:It is universally acknowledged that hard work leads to success. 众所周知,努力造就成功。
9.defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ n. 失败;挫败 vt. 击败;战胜
例句:We refused to accept defeat. 我们拒绝接受失败。
例句:Our team defeated the opponent in the final match. 我们队在决赛中击败了对手。
10.analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt. 分析
变形:analysis n. 分析(复数 analyses)
例句:The experts began to analyse the cause of the accident. 专家们开始分析事故原因。
11.apparently /əˈpærəntli/ adv. 显而易见;看来
变形:apparent adj. 明显的;表面的
例句:Apparently, he didn't know the truth at all. 看样子,他完全不知道真相。
12.insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ vi. & vt. 坚持;坚决要求
搭配:insist on/upon doing sth. 坚持做某事
例句:She insisted on going there alone. 她坚持独自前往那里。
13.conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论;推论
变形:conclude v. 推断;结束
搭配:draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论;in conclusion 总之
例句:We finally drew a conclusion after a long discussion. 经过长时间讨论,我们最终得出了结论。
14.flee /fliː/ vt. & vi. (fled, fled) 迅速离开;逃跑
例句:People had to flee from the dangerous area. 人们不得不逃离危险区域。
15.circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n. (复数) 环境;条件;状况
搭配:in/under no circumstances 决不(句首倒装);in the circumstances 在这种情况下
例句:Under no circumstances should you give up. 你无论如何都不能放弃。
16.found /faʊnd/ vt. 创建;建立
变形:foundation n. 基础;建立;founder n. 创始人
搭配:be founded on/upon 建立在……基础上
例句:The school was founded in 1920. 这所学校创办于1920年。
17.theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论;学说
搭配:in theory 理论上
例句:The plan works well in theory. 这个方案在理论上可行。
18.gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温柔的;文静的
例句:She has a soft and gentle voice. 她的嗓音温柔悦耳。
19.gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
变形:gradual adj. 逐渐的
例句:The sky gradually turned dark. 天色渐渐暗了下来。
20.consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果;后果
变形:consequently adv. 因此;所以
搭配:as a consequence 因此;as a consequence of 由于
例句:He was late. As a consequence, he missed the train. 他迟到了,因此错过了火车。
21.remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ adj. 非凡的;显著的
变形:remark v. & n. 评论;谈论;remarkably adv. 显著地
例句:She made remarkable progress in a short time. 她在短时间内取得了惊人的进步。
二、重点短语
1.care about关心;在意;担忧
例句:True friends always care about each other. 真正的朋友总会彼此关心。
2.serve as 充当;担任;用作
例句:This small room can serve as a study. 这个小房间可以当作书房。
3.manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
例句:He managed to finish the task ahead of time. 他设法提前完成了任务。
4.come to power 当权;上台
例句:The new governmentcame to power last year. 新政府去年开始执政。
5.put forward 提出(观点、计划等)
例句:He put forward a good suggestion at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一条好建议。
6.apart from 除……之外(还有/不计)
例句:Apart from English, he can speak French. 除了英语,他还会说法语。
7.sum up 总结;概括
例句:Let's sum up the main points of today's class. 我们来总结一下本节课的重点。
8.in particular 尤其;特别
例句:I love all fruits, in particular apples. 我喜欢所有水果,尤其偏爱苹果。
9.pay attention to 注意;关注
例句:Please pay attention to your pronunciation. 请注意你的发音。
10.lead to 导致;引起
例句:Smoking can lead to many serious illnesses. 吸烟会引发多种严重疾病。
语法填空:① Carelessness leads _________ many mistakes.
11.get stuck 卡住;陷入困境;被难住
例句:We got stuck in the heavy traffic this morning. 今早我们遇上堵车,寸步难行。
12.by chance 碰巧;偶然
例句:I met an old friend by chance in the street. 我在街上偶然遇见了一位老朋友。
13.other than 除……之外
例句:There is no one here other than me. 这里除了我没有别人。
14.take up 开始从事;占据(时间/空间)
例句:She took up painting after she retired. 她退休后开始学画画。
15.by mistake 错误地;无意地
例句:I took your umbrella by mistake. 我错拿了你的雨伞。
三、重点句型与语法
1.be thought to do sth. 被认为……
例句:The scientist is thought to have made great contributions. 这位科学家被认为做出了巨大贡献。
同义转换:It is thought that the scientist has made great contributions.
2.过去分词短语作后置定语
例句:This is the book recommended by our teacher. 这就是老师推荐的那本书。
3.upon/on + doing 一……就……
例句:On arriving home, he began to do his homework. 他一到家就开始写作业。
4.It struck/occurred to sb. that… 某人突然想到……
例句:It occurred to me that I had left my key at school. 我突然想起钥匙落在学校了。
5. not...but... 不是……而是……(就近原则)
例句:The problem is not money but time. 问题不在于钱,而在于时间。
6.部分否定结构
例句:Not all students like math. 并非所有学生都喜欢数学。
7.独立主格结构
例句:The weather being fine, we went out for a walk. 天气晴朗,我们出门散步了。
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