第03讲 Unit 3 Arts enrich our life（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材冀教版

第03讲 Unit 3 Arts enrich our life （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语言能力：掌握戏剧、书法、电影、绘画类艺术相关词汇与句型，能读懂艺术主题语篇，用英语谈论艺术喜好与形式。 学习能力：自主归纳艺术话题表达，学会从语篇中提取艺术相关信息。 文化意识：了解中西方经典戏剧、中国传统书画、电影发展等文化内容，感知艺术魅力，增强文化自信。 思维品质：能对比不同艺术形式特点，梳理艺术发展逻辑，培养思辨与归纳能力。 学习重点 词汇：掌握worth, calligraphy, drama, comedy, masterpiece等艺术核心词汇及搭配。 句型：运用谈论艺术喜好、介绍艺术形式的常用表达。 语篇：读懂戏剧、书法、电影、绘画主题的对话与短文，提取关键信息。 文化：掌握《茶馆》、莎士比亚戏剧、黄公望绘画、中国书法等中西方经典艺术常识 学习难点 艺术主题语篇中的长难句（定语从句、被动语态句等）理解。 不同艺术形式的文化内涵、中外艺术差异的深度理解。 用英语流畅、准确地介绍、评价艺术形式，表达个人观点。 1. They are really worth watching.它们真的值得观看。 【详解】be worth doing 值得做某事（主动表被动） worth 是形容词，意为 “值得的；有…… 价值的”，不能单独作谓语，必须和 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）连用。 核心用法 1：be worth + 名词 表示 “值……（钱 / 价值）；值得……” 接金钱：The ancient painting is worth 10 million yuan. 这幅古画价值 1000 万元。 接抽象名词：This art festival is worth our attention. 这个艺术节值得我们关注。 （常接名词：money/price/attention/consideration/effort 等） 核心用法 2：be worth doing （主动表被动） 用动名词的主动形式，表达被动含义，动名词的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语，永远没有被动形式 例句The play Tea House is worth watching. 《茶馆》这部戏剧值得观看。 （逻辑：watch the play → 主语 the play 是 watch 的宾语，主动形式表被动） Chinese calligraphy is worth learning. 中国书法值得学习。 修饰词规则 修饰 worth 表示 “很、非常值得” 时，只能用 well，不能用 very（高频易错点） The film is well worth seeing twice. 这部电影很值得看两遍。 拓展：易混词辨析（worth /worthy/worthwhile） 三个词都表示 “值得的”，但用法完全不同 单词 词性 核心用法结构 例句 worth 形容词 1. be worth + 名词 2. be worth doing（主动表被动） 1. The ring is worth 5000 yuan 2. The novel is worth reading. worthy 形容词 1. be worthy of + 名 2. be worthy of being done 3. be worthy to be done 1. The artist is worthy of praise. 2. The novel is worthy of being read. 3. The novel is worthy to be read. worthwhile 形容词 1. It is worthwhile to do sth 2. It is worthwhile doing sth 3. sth is worthwhile 1. It is worthwhile to learn calligraphy. 2. Learning calligraphy is worthwhile. 同义句转换 The movie is worth watching. = The movie is worthy of being watched. = The movie is worthy to be watched. = It is worthwhile to watch the movie. = It is worthwhile watching the movie. 【典例】—What do you think of the film The Battle at Lake Changjin? —It is well worth ______. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 【答案】：C 【详解】：翻译：—— 你觉得《长津湖》这部电影怎么样？—— 它非常值得观看。本题考查be worth doing固定结构，worth 后接动名词主动形式表被动含义，故选 C。 【即练1】This ancient vase ______ studying, for it has a long history of over 2000 years. A. is worth B. worth C. is worthy D. worths 【答案】：A 【详解】：翻译：这个古董花瓶值得研究，因为它有着 2000 多年的悠久历史。be worth doing为固定搭配；句子缺少谓语，主语是单数，用is worth；worth 是形容词不能直接作谓语，排除 B、D；be worthy后需接of being done/to be done，结构不符，排除 C。 【即练2】The music played by the pianist is worth ______ again and again. A. to listen to B. listening to C. listen to D. listened to 【答案】：B 【详解】：翻译：这位钢琴家演奏的音乐值得反复聆听。解析：be worth后接动名词；listen是不及物动词，接宾语需加to，动名词逻辑宾语是句子主语the music，故选 B。 2.His plays have been translated into many languages around the world.他的戏剧已经被翻译成世界上的多种语言。 【详解】现在完成时的被动语态 = 现在完成时（动作时间属性） + 被动语态（主谓逻辑关系） 表示：动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响 / 结果，且句子主语是动作的承受者（不是动作的发出者）。 完整结构（4 种句式） 以及物动词 do（过去分词 done）为例： 句式 结构 例句（结合课文主题） 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 及物动词过去分词 His plays have been translated into many languages.（课文原句）他的戏剧已经被翻译成多种语言。 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词 The novel has not been made into a movie yet.这部小说还没有被改编成电影。 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 Has the art exhibition been held in your city?这场艺术展已经在你的城市举办了吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 How many famous paintings have been shown in the museum?博物馆里已经展出了多少幅名画？ 注意： 第三人称单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词）用 has，其他人称用 have； been 绝对不能遗漏！ 核心用法 强调「过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果 动作发生在过去，重点是现在的状态 / 结果，不关心动作什么时候发生。 The famous painting *Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains* has been kept in the museum. 《富春山居图》已经被保存在博物馆里。（结果：现在画作在博物馆，可供参观） All the tickets for the play have been sold out. 这部戏剧的所有票都已经卖完了。（结果：现在买不到票了） 动作从过去持续到现在（被动的延续性动作） 常和 for + 时间段 / since + 时间点 连用，动词必须是延续性动词。 The traditional skill of calligraphy has been passed down for hundreds of years. 书法这项传统技艺已经被传承了数百年。 This theater has been used as an art center since 2010. 这家剧院自 2010 年起就被用作艺术中心。 不知道 / 不需要说明动作执行者 只强调动作的承受者，不需要说出是谁做的这个动作。 Many Chinese art works have been collected by foreign museums. 很多中国艺术品已经被国外博物馆收藏。（不需要说明具体是哪些博物馆 / 人收藏） A new rule about art education has been made. 一项关于艺术教育的新规定已经被制定。 标志性时间状语（看到就用现在完成时被动） so far（到目前为止）、up to now / till now（直到现在）、already（已经）、yet（还/已经，用于否定/疑问）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）、in the past few years（在过去几年里）、for + 时间段、since + 时间点 易混辨析：现在完成时被动 VS 一般过去时被动 时态 核心区别 例句 现在完成时被动 强调过去动作对现在的影响，和现在有关 The bridge has been built. 桥已经被建好。（现在可以通行） 一般过去时被动 只强调过去发生过这个动作，和现在无关 The bridge was built in 2020. 桥是 2020 年被建的。（只说过去的时间，不涉及现在的状态） 【典例】So far, hundreds of Mo Yan's works ______ into different foreign languages. A. translated B. have translated C. have been translated D. were translated 【答案】C 【详解】翻译：到目前为止，莫言的数百部作品已经被翻译成不同的外语。so far是现在完成时标志词；主语works是translate的承受者，用被动语态，现在完成时被动结构为have been done，故选 C。 【即练1】The famous play Tea House ______ by many audiences since it was created. A. has been enjoyed B. has enjoyed C. was enjoyed D. enjoyed 【答案】A 【详解】翻译：著名戏剧《茶馆》自创作以来，已经被很多观众喜爱。since引导的时间状语从句是现在完成时标志；主语是enjoy的承受者，用现在完成时被动语态，故选 A。 【即练2】—How nice your new skirt is! —Thank you. It ______ to me as a birthday gift by my aunt. A. gave B. has given C. has been given D. is given 【答案】C 【详解】翻译：—— 你的新裙子真好看！—— 谢谢，它是我姑姑送给我的生日礼物。裙子是 “被赠送” 的对象，且动作对现在有影响（裙子当前在我手中），用现在完成时被动语态，故选 C。 3. In traditional Chinese art, painting is not only about painting itself, but is also a way to express the artist's emotions and thoughts.在中国传统艺术中，绘画不仅关乎绘画本身，也是表达艺术家情感与思想的一种方式。 【详解】not only...but also... 是并列连词短语，意为 “不但…… 而且……”，用于连接两个性质一致、结构对等的成分，表达递进关系，强调后者。 核心用法：可连接的并列成分 可以连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语、句子，要求前后结构完全一致（平行原则）。 连接主语 Not only Li Ming but also his friends love traditional Chinese art. 不仅李明，他的朋友们也热爱中国传统艺术。 连接谓语 She not only writes well, but also paints beautifully. 她不仅写得好，画画也很棒。 连接宾语 I like not only calligraphy but also paper cutting. 我不仅喜欢书法，也喜欢剪纸。 连接表语The movie is not only interesting but also educational. 这部电影不仅有趣，还有教育意义。 连接状语 He learns English not only in class but also after class. 他不仅在课上学英语，课后也学。 连接两个完整句子 Not only can he play the piano, but also he can write music. 他不仅会弹钢琴，还会作曲。 就近原则（连接主语时必考） 当not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要和but also后面的主语保持一致（就近一致）。 例句：Not only my mother but also I am a fan of Beijing Opera. 不仅我妈妈，我也是京剧爱好者。（谓语和 I 一致，用 am） Not only I but also my sister likes watching comedies. 不仅我，我妹妹也喜欢看喜剧片。（谓语和 my sister 一致，用 likes） 易混对比： 并列连词 主谓一致规则 例句 not only...but also... 就近原则（和 but also 后主语一致） Not only Tom but also his parents are coming. both...and... 谓语永远用复数 Both Tom and his parents are coming. as well as 就远原则（和前面主语一致） Tom as well as his parents is coming. 句首倒装用法（难点） 当not only放在句子开头时，not only后面的分句需要部分倒装（把助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词提到主语前），but also后面的分句保持正常语序（不倒装）。 结构：Not only + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 + 谓语剩余部分, but also + 正常语序句子 例句： 正常语序：He not only knows a lot about art, but also he can create his own works. 倒装语序：Not only does he know a lot about art, but also he can create his own works. 他不仅懂很多艺术知识，还能创作自己的作品。 正常语序：The play is not only funny, but also it makes people think. 倒装语序：Not only is the play funny, but also it makes people think. 这部戏剧不仅搞笑，还能引人思考。 注意：只有not only放在句首时才倒装，放在句中时不需要倒装！ 用法细节 also 可以省略，变成not only...but...，意思不变： The art show is not only wonderful but meaningful. 这场艺术展不仅精彩，还很有意义。 可以替换为not just...but also...，语义完全一致： Not just the students but also the teachers enjoyed the opera. 不仅学生，老师们也很喜欢这场歌剧。 but also可以拆分，also放在句中实义动词前、be 动词后： He not only heard of the painting, but he has also seen it in person. 他不仅听说过这幅画，还亲眼见过。 【典例】Not only my parents but also my brother ______ interested in Chinese calligraphy. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅我的父母，我的哥哥也对中国书法感兴趣。not only...but also...连接并列主语时遵循就近原则，my brother是第三人称单数，句子描述客观爱好，用一般现在时is，故选 A。 【即练1】The art festival is ______ fun ______ educational. We can learn a lot from it. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also D. both; and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个艺术节不仅有趣，还有教育意义。我们能从中学到很多。两个形容词是递进关系，not only...but also...符合语境；both...and连接并列成分时谓语需用复数，与本句单数主语不符，故选 C。 【即练2】______ can we enjoy beautiful paintings in the show, ______ we can learn about the life of ancient artists. A. Not only; but also B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Both; and 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们不仅能在展览中欣赏美丽的画作，还能了解古代艺术家的生活。解析：前后句是递进关系，not only...but also...连接句子时，not only置于句首前半句需倒装，符合本句结构，故选 A。 4. Li Lin: I prefer science fiction.李林：我更喜欢科幻片。 【详解】1. prefer + 名词 / 代词 → 更喜欢某物 / 某人 表示对具体事物的偏好，是最基础的用法。 I prefer Beijing Opera to cartoons. 比起卡通片，我更喜欢京剧。 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你更喜欢哪个？ 2.prefer + doing sth → 更喜欢做某事（长期 / 习惯性偏好）强调一贯的、习惯性的爱好，是长期的偏好。 My deskmate prefers painting in his free time. 我同桌空闲时更喜欢画画。 Many old people prefer watching traditional plays. 很多老人更喜欢看传统戏剧。 3. prefer + to do sth → 更喜欢做某事（特定 / 某次具体偏好） 强调某一次特定场合的选择，是临时、具体的偏好，和 doing 的区别是时间范围。 I prefer to stay at home today, because it's raining. 今天我宁愿待在家，因为下雨了。（今天的临时选择，不是长期爱好） She prefers to watch a movie this weekend. 这周末她更想去看电影。（本周末的具体计划） 4. prefer A to B → 比起 B，更喜欢 A 用于两者比较，to 是介词，不是不定式符号，A 和 B 必须是结构一致的名词 / 代词 / 动名词。 I prefer calligraphy to drawing. 比起画画，我更喜欢书法。（A、B 都是名词） He prefers reading novels to watching TV. 比起看电视，他更喜欢看小说。（A、B 都是动名词） 5. prefer doing A to doing B → 比起做 B，更喜欢做 A（考点延伸） 是 prefer A to B 的动名词形式，to 后必须接动名词（不能接动词原形）。 I prefer listening to music to playing games. 比起玩游戏，我更喜欢听音乐。 6. prefer to do A rather than do B → 宁愿做 A，也不愿做 B（最高频考点） 表示 “宁愿做前者，拒绝做后者”，rather than 后面必须接动词原形（不能加 to）。 Many students prefer to watch comedies rather than see war movies. 很多学生宁愿看喜剧片，也不愿看战争片。 I prefer to practice calligraphy rather than play mobile phones at home. 我宁愿在家练书法，也不愿玩手机。 7. prefer sb to do sth → 宁愿 / 希望某人做某事 表示希望 / 宁愿别人做某事，后面接不定式作宾补。 My teacher prefers us to learn more about traditional Chinese art. 我的老师希望我们多了解中国传统艺术。 My parents prefer me to read more classic works. 我父母宁愿我多读经典作品。 同义结构转换 prefer A to B = like A better than B I prefer tea to coffee. = I like tea better than coffee. 比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。 prefer to do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B He prefers to walk rather than take a bus. = He would rather walk than take a bus. 他宁愿走路也不愿坐公交。 【典例】—What kind of movies do you like? —I ______ cartoons to action movies. A. prefer B. like C. enjoy D. love 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你喜欢什么类型的电影？—— 比起动作片，我更喜欢卡通片。解析：prefer A to B是固定搭配，意为 “比起 B 更喜欢 A”，符合句意，故选 A。 【即练1】My deskmate prefers ______ a walk after dinner rather than ______ TV at home. A. to take; watch B. take; watch C. taking; watching D. to take; watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的同桌宁愿晚饭后散步，也不愿在家看电视。解析：prefer to do sth rather than do sth是固定结构，意为 “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，故选 A。 【即练2】When I am free, I prefer ______ books about traditional Chinese art in the library. A. read B. to read C. reads D. to reading 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有空的时候，更喜欢在图书馆读关于中国传统艺术的书。解析：prefer to do sth/prefer doing sth都表示 “更喜欢做某事”，选项中只有to read符合结构，故选 B。 5.It's hard to believe movies are just over 100 years old.很难相信电影才诞生 100 多年。 【详解】当动词不定式（to do sth）作句子主语时，如果直接放在句首，会导致句子 “头重脚轻”（主语太长，谓语太短，不符合英语表达习惯）。 因此用无实际语义的 It放在句首作 “形式主语”，把真正的主语（to do 不定式）放到句末，让句子结构更平衡。 成分 内容 说明 形式主语 It 无实际意思，只起平衡句子结构的作用 谓语 is hard 系动词 + 形容词作表语 真正主语 to believe movies are just over 100 years old 句子真正的主语，是 “很难” 的对象 基础句型：It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth翻译为：“（对某人来说）做某事是…… 的” 最基础用法（不加 sb） 直接描述 “做某事的性质”，不需要强调动作的执行者。 It's important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 It's useful to learn Chinese calligraphy. 学中国书法很有用。 It's relaxing to watch a comedy after class. 课后看喜剧很放松。 核心考点：for sb & of sb 的区别 当需要强调 “对某人来说做某事……” 时，加for sb或of sb，二者用法完全不同，是中 介词 修饰对象 常用形容词 例句 for sb 修饰「事情的性质」表示 “做这件事对某人来说是…… 的” hard, easy, difficult, important, necessary, useful, interesting, possible, dangerous 等 It's hard for us to understand the ancient poem.对我们来说理解这首古诗很难。It's necessary for students to master art knowledge.对学生来说掌握艺术知识很有必要。 of sb 修饰人的品质 / 性格表示 “某人做这件事，体现了他…… 的品质” kind, nice, clever, foolish, polite, rude, brave, careful, careless, friendly 等 It's kind of you to teach me to paint.你教我画画，你真善良。It's careless of him to lose the famous painting.他弄丢了这幅名画，真粗心。 快速判断技巧： 如果形容词可以用来描述人（比如 you are kind），就用 of； 如果形容词只能描述事情（不能说 you are hard），就用 for。 验证：You are kind. 成立 → 用 of；You are hard. 语义不通 → 用 for。 拓展延伸结构 1. It + be + 名词 + to do sth 把形容词换成名词，描述 “做某事是……（一件事 / 一个好主意等）” It's a good habit to read art books every day. 每天读艺术书籍是个好习惯。 It's a pleasure to enjoy the beautiful painting. 欣赏这幅美丽的画是一件乐事。 2. It takes sb + 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth 表示 “做某事花费某人多少时间 / 金钱”，是 It 作形式主语的最常用场景之一。 It takes me an hour to practice calligraphy every day. 我每天花 1 小时练书法。 It took the artist 3 years to finish the painting. 这位艺术家花了 3 年完成这幅画。 【典例】______ is important for us ______ more about traditional Chinese culture. A. It; learn B. That; learn C. It; to learn D. That; to learn 【答案】：C 【详解】句意：对我们来说，多了解中国传统文化是很重要的。解析：本句是 It 作形式主语的结构，真正主语是不定式to learn...，结构为It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth，故选 C。 【即练1】It's very kind ______ you to teach me how to write Chinese calligraphy. A. of B. for C. to D. with 【答案】：B 【详解】句意：你教我写中国书法，真是太善良了。解析：kind是描述人的品质的形容词，用It is + 形容词 + of sb + to do sth结构，故选 A。 【即练2】______ amazing ______ the painting Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is so beautiful! A. It's; that B. It; that C. That's; it D. That; it 【答案】：C 【详解】：句意：《富春山居图》这么美，真是太令人惊叹了！解析：本句是 It 作形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的从句，结构为It is + 形容词 + that从句，故选 A。 6.Good plays can make us laugh or cry, and they can enrich our life.好的戏剧能让我们欢笑或哭泣，还能丰富我们的生活。 【详解】make 变形 动词原形：make 三单：makes；过去式 / 过去分词：made；现在分词：making 句型结构 含义 例句 中考易错点 make sb. /sth. + 形容词 使某人 / 某物变得…… The activity makes our school warm. 这场活动让校园变得温暖。 形容词作宾语补足语，常用比较级 make...better/more fun make sb. /sth. + 名词 使某人 / 某物成为…… We cooperate to make our school a better place. 我们协作让学校成为更好的地方。 名词表身份、称号，不加冠词特例极少 make sb. do sth. 让 / 使某人做某事（主动） Good communication makes us understand each other. 良好沟通让我们互相理解。 后面接动词原形，不能加 to be made to do sth. 被迫 / 被要求做某事（被动） He was made to finish the report alone. 他被迫独自完成报告。 被动语态必须还原不定式 to make sth. for sb. = make sb. sth. 为某人制作某物 She made us delicious cakes for the bake sale. 她为义卖给我们做了美味蛋糕。 双宾语结构，sth. 为物品 固定短语表 短语 释义 例句 make sure 确保；保证 We made sure everyone’s ideas were respected. 我们确保每个人的想法都被尊重。 make a decision 做决定 We made a decision to hold an art festival. make money 赚钱 We raised money to make money for charity. make progress 取得进步 Talking more makes you make progress in communication. 【典例】The sad movie made the little girl ______ in the cinema. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部悲伤的电影让小女孩在电影院里哭了。make sb do sth 是固定结构，主动语态中用动词原形，故选 A。 【即练1】We should do something to make our hometown ______. A. Beautifully B. more beautiful C. beauty D. beautifully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该做些事让我们的家乡更美丽。make sb/sth + 形容词，此处用形容词比较级 more beautiful 符合语义，故选 B。 【即练2】The artist raised his voice to make himself ______ by all the audience. A. Hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位艺术家提高音量，让所有观众都能听到他。himself 和 hear 是被动关系，用 make sth done 结构，故选 C。 7.There are so many different forms of art, such as paintings, literature, music, and calligraphy.有如此多不同的艺术形式，比如绘画、文学、音乐和书法。 【详解】词性本质（根本区别） 单词 词性 修饰对象 核心含义 so 副词 修饰形容词、副词 如此、这么 such 限定词（形容词性） 修饰名词（短语） 如此的、这样的 so 的完整用法结构 so + 形容词 / 副词（最基础用法）直接修饰形容词或副词，强调程度 修饰形容词：The painting is so beautiful. 这幅画太美了。 修饰副词：The artist draws so carefully. 这位艺术家画得太仔细了。 so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 结构：so + adj + a/an + 可数名词单数 = such + a/an + adj + 可数名词单数（可和 such 转换） It is so wonderful a play that we all love it. = It is such a wonderful play that we all love it. 这是一部如此精彩的戏剧，我们都很喜欢。 so + many/much/few/little + 名词（高频必考特殊搭配） 当名词前有表示数量的many（多，修饰可数）、much（多，修饰不可数）、few（少，修饰可数）、little（少，修饰不可数）时，只能用 so，绝对不能用 such！ so many famous artists 如此多著名艺术家（many + 可数复数） so much ink 这么多墨水（much + 不可数） so few calligraphy works 这么少书法作品（few + 可数复数） so little time 这么少时间（little 表 “少”+ 不可数） so + 主语 + 助动词 /be/ 情态动词（表赞同）意为 “确实如此”，用于肯定对方的话 —The Beijing Opera is amazing. 京剧太惊艳了。 —So it is. 确实如此。 such 的完整用法结构 such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 结构：such + a/an + adj + 可数名词单数（最常用） It is such an amazing painting that everyone stops to watch it. 这是一幅如此惊艳的画，所有人都停下来欣赏。 such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 They are such interesting traditional plays. 它们是如此有趣的传统戏剧。 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 Chinese calligraphy is such special art. 中国书法是如此特别的艺术。 固定搭配：such as 比如、例如 用于举例，相当于 for example（但 for example 后接句子，such as 后接名词 / 短语） I like many forms of art, such as painting and music. 我喜欢很多艺术形式，比如绘画和音乐。 核心句型：so...that... &such...that... 两者都表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，区别只在于修饰对象： 句型 结构 例句 so...that... so + 形 / 副 + that 从句 The play is so moving that we all cried. 这部戏剧太感人了，我们都哭了。 such...that... such + 名词短语 + that 从句 It is such a moving play that we all cried. 这是一部如此感人的戏剧，我们都哭了。 同义句转换（中考常考）： The movie is so exciting that all the students like it. = It is such an exciting movie that all the students like it. 【典例】There are ______ famous works in the art museum that we spent a whole day visiting. A. so many B. such many C. so much D. such much 【答案】A 【详解】句意：艺术博物馆里有如此多名作，我们花了一整天参观。many 修饰可数名词复数，前面只能用 so，不能用 such，故选 A。 【即练1】It is ______ amazing painting that everyone wants to take a photo with it. A. so B. such C. so an D. such an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一幅如此令人惊叹的画，所有人都想和它合影。painting 是可数名词单数，结构为 such a/an + adj + 名词，amazing 是元音音素开头，用 an，故选 D。 【即练2】The calligraphy teacher writes ______ beautifully that all the students admire him. A. so B. such C. very D. too 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位书法老师写得如此漂亮，所有学生都很敬佩他。beautifully 是副词，用 so 修饰，so...that... 是固定句型，故选 A。 8.They have been on stage for many years, and are still alive today.它们已经上演很多年了，至今仍深受喜爱。 【详解】现在完成时中，for和since都用来引导时间状语，核心区别： for + 时间段：表示动作持续了多久（比如 for 3 years, for two hours, for a long time） 例：I have learned calligraphy for 5 years. 我学书法已经 5 年了。 since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子：表示动作 “自从…… 开始”（比如 since 2020, since I was a kid, since last year） 例：I have learned calligraphy since I was 10 years old. 我从 10 岁开始学书法。 转换：for + 时间段 = since + 时间段 + ago → He has been a painter for 10 years. = He has been a painter since 10 years ago. 【典例】The traditional art of paper cutting has been passed down ______ hundreds of years. A. since B. for C. in D. at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：剪纸这项传统艺术已经传承了数百年。hundreds of years 是时间段，用 for 引导，故选 B。 【即练1】—How long have you been interested in oil painting? —______ two years ago. A. For B. Since C. In D. At 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你对油画感兴趣多久了？—— 从两年前开始。two years ago 是时间点，用 since，故选 B。 【即练2】My grandpa has loved Beijing Opera ______ he was a little boy. A. for B. since C. when D. while 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爷爷从小时候就喜欢京剧。he was a little boy 是过去的时间点，用 since 引导现在完成时的时间状语，故选 B。 9.It is also a way to express the artist's emotions and thoughts.它也是表达艺术家情感与思想的一种方式。 【详解】动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，放在被修饰的名词后面，用来解释名词的内容，常修饰的名词有：way, chance, time, ability, wish, plan 等。 核心结构：名词 + to do（不定式和被修饰名词是逻辑动宾关系） 例：I have a good chance to learn Chinese painting. 我有一个学习中国画的好机会。 特殊情况：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面要加对应的介词 例：He has no room to live in. 他没有住的房间。（live 是不及物动词，加 in 才能和 room 构成动宾） 【典例】It's a good way ______ about different forms of traditional art. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是了解不同传统艺术形式的好方法。way 后面用不定式作后置定语，a way to do sth 是固定搭配，故选 C。 【即练1】We all have the ability ______ beautiful things in our life. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都有能力发现生活中美好的事物。ability 后面用不定式作后置定语，the ability to do sth 表示 “做某事的能力”，故选 B。 【即练2】The artist has a new plan ______ a painting about the Fuchun River. A. Create B. creating C. to create D. created 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位艺术家有一个新计划，创作一幅关于富春江的画。plan 后面用不定式作后置定语，a plan to do sth 表示 “做某事的计划”，故选 C。 10.When I was a kid, I watched my grandpa write Chinese characters.我小时候，看着爷爷写汉字。 【详解】常见感官动词：watch, see, hear, feel, notice（看、听、感觉），后接宾语补足语有两种形式： 感官动词 + 宾语 + do sth：表示看到 / 听到动作的全过程（动作已经结束） 例：I heard the actress sing a Beijing Opera song. 我听到那位女演员唱了一首京剧（全程听完了）。 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing sth：表示看到 / 听到动作正在进行（动作正在发生） 例：When I passed the classroom, I heard someone singing. 我路过教室时，听到有人正在唱歌。 被动还原：主动句中省略的 to，被动语态必须加回来 主动：We watched him paint the landscape. 被动：He was watched to paint the landscape. 【典例】Standing by the window, I saw the artist ______ a painting in the studio just now. A. paint B. to paint C. painting D. painted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：刚才我站在窗边，看到那位艺术家在工作室画了一幅画。just now 表示动作已完成，强调全过程，用 see sb do sth，故选 A。 【即练1】As I walked past the theater, I heard many people ______ for the wonderful play. A. cheer B. to cheer C. cheering D. cheered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我路过剧院时，听到很多人正在为精彩的戏剧欢呼。路过时动作正在发生，用 hear sb doing sth，故选 C。 【即练2】The little boy was noticed ______ the calligraphy works on the wall carefully. A. look at B. to look at C. looking at D. looked at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有人注意到那个小男孩正在仔细看墙上的书法作品。notice 的被动语态，省略的 to 要还原，故选 B。 11. Besides actors, actresses, or directors, thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.除了男女演员、导演之外，数千人会参与电影制作。 本句中thousands of表示 “数千的”，和a number of同义，都表示 “大量、许多”，修饰可数名词复数 【详解】a number of 与 the number of 辨析 短语 含义 谓语动词形式 例句 a number of + 可数名词复数 许多、大量 = many 复数 A number of students are interested in Chinese painting. 许多学生对中国画感兴趣。 the number of + 可数名词复数 …… 的数量 单数 The number of artists in the show is 50. 参展的艺术家数量是 50 人。 巧记：a 表 “一个”，强调整体数量多，谓语用复数；the 表特指 “那个数字”，数字是单数，谓语用单数。 【典例】_____ the famous paintings in the museum is over 200. A. A number of B. The number of C. A lot of D. Lots of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：博物馆里名画的数量超过 200 幅。此处表示 “…… 的数量”，用 the number of，谓语用单数 is，故选 B。 【即练1】A number of calligraphers ______ invited to the art festival every year. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每年都有许多书法家被邀请参加艺术节。a number of 后接复数名词，谓语用复数，every year 提示一般现在时，故选 B。 【即练2】—What do you know about the movie? —______ people worked on it, and it took 3 years to finish. A. The number of B. A number of C. Much D. Little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你对这部电影了解多少？—— 很多人参与制作，花了 3 年才完成。此处表示 “许多”，修饰可数名词 people，用 a number of，故选 B。 12.Huang Gongwang used a special skill called "looking closely at nature" to see all details.黄公望使用了一种名为 “细致观察自然” 的特殊技法来呈现所有细节。 【详解】used是动词use（使用）的过去式 结构 含义 用法 贴合课文例句 used to do sth 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） 表过去的习惯，to 是不定式符号，接动词原形 He used to paint in the mountains every day. 他过去常常每天在山里画画。（现在不再这样做了） be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 to 是介词，接动名词，可用于多种时态 He is used to observing nature carefully before painting. 他习惯画画前仔细观察自然。 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 被动语态，表 “被用作……” The brush is used to paint landscape works. 毛笔被用来画山水画。 【典例】My grandpa ______ Beijing Opera, but now he likes painting. A. used to like B. is used to like C. used to liking D. is used to liking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：翻译：我爷爷过去喜欢京剧，但现在他喜欢画画。表示 “过去常常（现在不）”，用 used to do sth，故选 A。 【即练1】After living in China for 5 years, the foreign artist ______ Chinese tea. A. used to drink B. is used to drink C. is used to drinking D. used to drinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在中国生活 5 年后，这位外国艺术家习惯喝中国茶了。表示 “习惯于”，用 be used to doing sth，故选 C。 【即练2】The brush in ancient China ______ write characters and paint. A. used to B. was used to C. is used to D. was used for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国古代的毛笔是用来写字和画画的。表示 “被用来做某事”，用 be used to do sth，古代是过去时，故选 B。 13.Thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.制作一部电影会有数千人参与其中。 【详解】情态动词的被动语态 = 情态动词（表语气） + 被动语态（主谓关系） 表示 “某人 / 某物 可以 / 必须 / 应该 / 可能被……”，主语是动作的承受者。 成分 内容 说明 情态动词 can 表 “能够、可以” 被动标志 be 被动语态的核心标志，永远用原形 过去分词 involved 及物动词 involve 的过去分词 核心基础结构 所有情态动词（can/may/must/should/need 等）的被动语态，结构完全统一： 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词（done） 关键规则：be 永远用原形，不会随情态动词、主语人称变化；过去分词固定不变。 4 种句式变化 以动词protect（保护）、情态动词should为例： 句式 结构 课文例句 肯定句 主语 + 情态动词 + be + done Traditional art should be protected. 传统艺术应该被保护。 否定句 主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + done Traditional art should not be destroyed. 传统艺术不应该被破坏。 一般疑问句 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done？ Should traditional art be protected? 传统艺术应该被保护吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done？ How should traditional art be protected? 传统艺术应该如何被保护？ 不同情态动词的被动含义 情态动词 被动结构 含义 主题例句 can can be done 能够 / 可以被…… The play Tea House can be watched in many cities. 《茶馆》可以在很多城市看到。 may may be done 可能 / 可以被…… The painting may be shown in the museum next month. 这幅画可能下个月在博物馆展出。 must must be done 必须被…… The ancient calligraphy works must be kept carefully. 古代书法作品必须被细心保存。 should should be done 应该被…… More art courses should be opened in schools. 学校应该开设更多艺术课程。 need need be done 需要被…… The old theater need be repaired. 这家老剧院需要被修缮。 特殊用法 & 易错点 1. 短语动词的被动：绝对不能丢介词 look after, take care of, talk about, listen to 等 “动词 + 介词” 的短语，变被动时介词不能删掉： The old artist should be taken good care of. 这位老艺术家应该被好好照顾。 2. 双宾语的被动：两种正确变法 带双宾语的动词（give/show/teach 等），变被动有两种形式： 主动句：We should teach students calligraphy. ① 间接宾语（人）变主语：Students should be taught calligraphy. ② 直接宾语（物）变主语：Calligraphy should be taught to students.（不能漏掉介词 to） 3. 使役动词被动：还原不定式 to 主动句中make/see/hear等词后省略 to 的不定式，变被动时必须把 to 加回来： 主动：We should make students learn traditional art. 被动：Students should be made to learn traditional art. 【典例】All the ancient paintings ______ in a safe place in the museum. A. must keep B. must be kept C. can keep D. should keep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：所有古画必须被保存在博物馆的安全区域。画作是 “被保存” 的对象，用情态动词被动 must be done，故选 B。 【即练1】—______ the art festival ______ in our school next week? —Yes, we are preparing for it now. A. Will; hold B. Can; hold C. Can; be held D. Must; hold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 艺术节下周能在我们学校举办吗？—— 是的，我们现在正在准备。艺术节是 “被举办” 的对象，用情态动词被动 can be held，故选 C。 【即练2】It's a rule that visitors ______ to touch the works in the art exhibition. A. don't allow B. mustn't allow C. aren't allowed D. mustn't be allowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：按照规定，游客绝对不允许触碰艺术展的作品。游客是 “被允许（触碰）” 的对象，表禁止用 mustn't，被动结构为 mustn't be allowed，故选 D。 一、根据汉语提示写单词（共 5 小题） 1.Chinese ________ (书法) is one of the most important traditional arts in China. 【答案】calligraphy 【详解】翻译：中国书法是中国最重要的传统艺术之一。解析：本题考查 Unit3 核心名词，calligraphy 为不可数名词，意为 “书法”。 2.Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is a famous ________ (杰作) of Chinese landscape painting. 【答案】masterpiece 【详解】翻译：《富春山居图》是中国山水画的著名杰作。解析：本题考查 Unit3 核心名词，masterpiece 意为 “杰作、代表作”，前面有 a，用单数形式。 3.The play Tea House is ________ (值得) watching again and again. 【答案】worth 【详解】翻译：《茶馆》这部戏剧值得反复观看。解析：本题考查 Unit3 核心形容词，worth 意为 “值得的”，构成固定搭配 be worth doing。 4. Shakespeare is a great writer who is good at writing ________ (戏剧). 【答案】dramas 【详解】翻译：莎士比亚是一位擅长写戏剧的伟大作家。解析：本题考查 Unit3 核心名词，drama 意为 “戏剧”，此处表泛指，用复数形式 dramas。 5. More than 1000 people are ________ (参与) in making this great movie. 【答案】involved 【详解】翻译：超过 1000 人参与了这部伟大电影的制作。解析：本题考查 Unit3 核心动词的变形，be involved in 是固定搭配，意为 “参与……”。 二、单项选择（共 5 小题） 1.—How do you like the new movie? —It is ______ wonderful ______ all of us want to watch it again. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】翻译：—— 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？—— 它太精彩了，我们所有人都想再看一遍。解析：本题考查 so...that... 句型。wonderful 是形容词，用 so 修饰；such 修饰名词短语，too...to... 表 “太…… 而不能”，不符合语义，故选 A。 2. I ______ watch comedies ______ see war movies when I am free. A. prefer; to B. prefer to; rather than C. would; rather D. like; better than 【答案】B 【详解】翻译：我有空的时候宁愿看喜剧也不愿看战争片。解析：本题考查 prefer 的固定结构。prefer to do sth rather than do sth 意为 “宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”，后面接动词原形，符合句子结构，故选 B。 3. All the traditional art works ______ good care of in the national museum. A. must take B. must be taken C. should take D. can take 【答案】B 【详解】翻译：所有传统艺术品在国家博物馆里必须被好好保护。解析：本题考查情态动词的被动语态。艺术品是 “被照顾、被保护” 的对象，用被动结构 must be done，故选 B。 4. It's important ______ us ______ more about Chinese traditional art. A. of; to learn B. for; learning C. for; to learn D. of; learning 【答案】C 【详解】翻译：对我们来说，多了解中国传统艺术很重要。解析：本题考查 It 作形式主语的结构。important 是描述事情性质的形容词，用 for sb；真正主语是不定式 to learn，结构为 It's + adj + for sb + to do sth，故选 C。 5. The sad story in the play made all the audience ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案】A 【详解】翻译：戏剧里悲伤的故事让所有观众都哭了。解析：本题考查 make 的使役用法。make sb do sth 是固定结构，主动语态中用动词原形，故选 A。 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共 5 小题） 1.His plays ________ (translate) into many languages since they came out. 【答案】have been translated 【详解】翻译：他的戏剧自问世以来已经被翻译成多种语言。解析：本题考查现在完成时的被动语态。since 是现在完成时标志，戏剧是 “被翻译” 的对象，主语是复数，结构为 have been done。 2.I prefer ________ (paint) in my free time instead of playing mobile phones. 【答案】painting 【详解】翻译：我空闲时更喜欢画画，而不是玩手机。解析：本题考查 prefer 的用法。prefer doing sth 意为 “更喜欢做某事”，表示长期的爱好，用动名词形式。 3.My grandpa ________ (use) to watch Beijing Opera when he was young. 【答案】used 【详解】翻译：我爷爷年轻的时候常常看京剧。解析：本题考查 used to do 结构。used to do sth 意为 “过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，用 use 的过去式 used。 4.We have a good chance ________ (learn) Chinese calligraphy from the famous artist. 【答案】to learn 【详解】翻译：我们有一个向这位著名艺术家学习中国书法的好机会。解析：本题考查不定式作后置定语。a chance to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 “做某事的机会”，用不定式作定语修饰 chance。 5.The teacher made us ________ (remember) all the art words this week. 【答案】remember 【详解】翻译：老师让我们这周记住所有的艺术单词。解析：本题考查 make 的使役用法。make sb do sth 结构中用动词原形，故填 remember。 四、完成句子（共 5 小题） 1.这幅美丽的画值得好好欣赏。 The beautiful painting ________ ________ ________ carefully. 【答案】is worth enjoying 【详解】翻译：（见题干）解析：本题考查 be worth doing 结构。主语是单数，be 动词用 is；enjoy 用动名词形式，主动表被动。 2.不仅学生们，他们的老师也喜欢这部戏剧。 ________ ________ the students ________ ________ their teacher likes this play. 【答案】Not only; but also 【详解】翻译：（见题干）解析：本题考查 not only...but also... 并列连词结构，意为 “不但…… 而且……”，连接主语时遵循就近原则。 3.对我们来说，了解艺术历史是很有必要的。 ________ necessary ________ us ________ know the history of art. 【答案】It's; for; to 【详解】翻译：（见题干）解析：本题考查 It 作形式主语的固定句型：It's + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth。 4.我宁愿在家练书法也不愿去看电影。 I ________ ________ practice calligraphy at home ________ ________ go to the cinema. 【答案】prefer to; rather than 【详解】翻译：（见题干）解析：本题考查 prefer 的固定句型：prefer to do sth rather than do sth，意为 “宁愿做某事也不愿做某事”。 5.这些古老的书法作品必须被妥善保存。 These ancient calligraphy works ________ ________ ________ well. 【答案】must be kept 【详解】翻译：（见题干）解析：本题考查情态动词的被动语态，结构为情态动词 must + be + 过去分词 kept。 五、阅读理解 Passage 1 Have you ever taken part in the traditional folk celebration Shehuo (社火)? It is a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). The celebration is always performed outdoors during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival. It carries people’s wishes for good weather and good luck in the coming year. In fact, Shehuo has a long history in Ningxia. The Gaotai Horse Shehuo (高台马社火) of Longde County plays an important part in the folk culture of Ningxia. It combines (结合) the Gaotai Shehuo, which is performed on a stand (架子), and the Horse Shehuo, which is performed on horseback. The performers of the Gaotai Horse Shehuo are usually children around 10 years old. They wear colorful costumes (服装) and have heavy make - up, looking like characters from Chinese operas. It is not easy to be a performer of Gaotai Horse Shehuo. They must be brave and careful, and they must understand traditional operas. They also need to know how to ride a horse. Nowadays, for the better inheritance (传承) of Shehuo, many places in Northwest China are actively holding “intangible cultural heritage into schools (非遗进校园)” activities. In many primary and middle schools in Ningxia, Shehuo has become an important part of after-school activities. By learning Shehuo performances, students not only get to know traditional culture, but also develop team spirit and an interest in art. Shehuo is not just a fun performance, but also a valuable part of Chinese culture. By learning and taking part in Shehuo, young students can help keep this tradition alive. 1．What’s the meaning of holding Shehuo activities according to the passage? A．To pass down traditional folk culture. B．To make the Spring Festival more exciting. C．To show special festival performance skills. D．To wish for good weather and luck in the new year. 2．What abilities must Gaotai Horse Shehuo performers have? ①Being brave and careful. ②Being humorous. ③Understanding traditional operas. ④Knowing how to ride a horse. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．What does the writer think of teenagers learning and joining Shehuo? A．Worrying. B．Meaningful. C．Boring. D．Crazy. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The History of Chinese Traditional Festivals B．The Ways to Become a Skilled Shehuo Performer C．The Amazing Intangible Cultural Heritage: Shehuo D．The Reasons for Children Learning to Perform Shehuo 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产——社火。 【详解】1．根据文章第三段第一句“Nowadays, for the better inheritance of Shehuo, many places…are actively holding…activities”（如今，为了更好地传承社火，许多地方……积极举办……活动）以及最后一段提到的帮助学生“keep this tradition alive”（让这一传统延续下去），可知举办社火活动的主要意义在于传承传统民俗文化。虽然第一段提到了祈求好运，那是社火庆祝本身承载的愿望，而举办活动（特别是进校园）的核心目的是传承。 2．根据文章第二段倒数第二、三句“They must be brave and careful, and they must understand traditional operas. They also need to know how to ride a horse.”（他们必须勇敢且细心，必须懂传统戏曲。他们还需要知道如何骑马。）可知，表演者需要具备的能力包括①勇敢细心、③懂传统戏曲、④会骑马。文中未提及②幽默感。因此选C。 3．根据文章第三段提到的学生可以“get to know traditional culture”（了解传统文化）、“develop team spirit”（培养团队精神）以及最后一段评价社火是“valuable part of Chinese culture”（中国文化宝贵的一部分），可知作者认为青少年学习和参与社火是有意义的（Meaningful）。A（担心）、C（无聊）、D（疯狂）均不符合文意。 4．文章第一段介绍了社火是非物质文化遗产，第二段介绍了宁夏高台马社火的特点，第三、四段讲述了社火的传承及其价值。整篇文章围绕“社火”这一非物质文化遗产展开。C选项“神奇的非物质文化遗产：社火”最能概括全文主题。A选项范围太大，B和D选项只涵盖了文章的局部内容。 Passage 2 Nowadays, air conditioning and electric fans help people beat the summer heat. But in ancient times, how did people find relief without these inventions? Some cultural items collected at the Palace Museum in Beijing can help us find how Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) royal families spent their summer days. Summer food and drinks in the Forbidden City (紫禁城) were mainly different kinds of fruits including melons, as well as tea from around the country. When the emperors met officials (官员) or read books, they drank green tea, flower tea or milk tea. These drinks are refreshing and can provide coolness to deal with the summer heat. Iceboxes made of wood were widely used. Lead (铅) or tin (锡) was put inside the box to let the hours longer for keeping the natural ice. Many historical materials record the royal family using such a box to keep fruits cool on hot summer days. Summer clothes for the royals were mainly made of fabrics like yarn (纱) and silk. The materials are permeable (透风的) which keep the wearer cool. It can weigh only 50g or below. Many features of the buildings in the Forbidden City helped relieve summer heat. The Zhizhai (支摘) window, or hung and removable window, was a great invention. The upper part can be pulled up for ventilation, while the lower part can be removed to allow more light in. The royal family could even enjoy an air-conditioned room in ancient times. As the iceboxes often had air holes, it could be used to cool the temperature of the room. 1．How did Qing Dynasty royal families deal with the summer heat? ① They used air conditioning and electric fans. ② They drank various kinds of tea. ③ They wore summer clothes made of yarn and cotton. ④ They used iceboxes to keep food cool. A．①②. B．③④. C．②④. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．In Qing Dynasty, iceboxes were made of lead and tin. B．For architecture, the article mentioned two ways to deal with summer heat. C．Summer clothes for the royal family are very light. 3．How were iceboxes used in the Qing Dynasty? A．They were used to keep clothes cool. B．They were used to preserve natural ice. C．They were used as air-conditioning units. 4．How did the iceboxes in the Forbidden City help cool the temperature of the room? A．They were made of special cooling materials. B．They had air holes for cooling down the temperature. C．They were placed near windows for natural wind. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain how air conditioning works. B．To describe the cooling ways of Qing Dynasty royal families in summer. C．To compare ancient and modern ways of cooling. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述清代皇室夏日消暑的各类方式，从饮食、器具、服饰、建筑等方面介绍古人避暑手段。 【详解】1．第二段指出：“Summer food and drinks in the Forbidden City were mainly different kinds of fruits including melons, as well as tea from around the country.”，说明他们会饮用各种茶来消暑；第三段提到：“Iceboxes made of wood were widely used...the royal family using such a box to keep fruits cool on hot summer days.”，说明他们使用冰盒来保存食物降温。因此②④正确。 2．第四段说明：“Summer clothes for the royals were mainly made of fabrics like yarn and silk... It can weigh only 50g or below.”，直接说明皇室夏季衣物非常轻薄。 3．根据最后一段“As the iceboxes often had air holes, it could be used to cool the temperature of the room.”，可知冰盒带有气孔，可以降低室内温度，可被当作空调装置使用。 4．最后一段说明：“As the iceboxes often had air holes, it could be used to cool the temperature of the room.”，直接说明冰盒通过气孔散发冷气来降低室温。 5．全文从饮食、冰盒、衣物、建筑等多个方面，介绍了清代皇室在夏季的各种纳凉方式，核心目的是描述这些降温方法。 六、完形填空 The Chinese TV series Story of Yanxi Palace has become a trend among Chinese viewers. In Episode (集) 32, noble consort Gao, one of the 1 (woman) that Emperor Qianlong loves, wants to give a breath-taking show on Qianlong’s mother’s birthday 2 (celebrate). The show is called “Wan Zi Qian Hong” or “Dashuhua”. It has been listed 3 an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in Nuanquan, Hebei Province. Centuries ago, fireworks 4 (invent) by Chinese people but they were expensive at that time. The rich could easily celebrate festivals by 5 (set) off fireworks while the poor couldn’t afford them. However, that didn’t stop the people 6 developing their own kind of fireworks. Some blacksmiths (铁匠) in Nuanquan were inspired (启发) by the sparks of the iron (铁). They poured molten iron at a tall stone wall and it would explode into 7 (thousand) of sparks, creating an effect similar to fireworks. Nowadays, people in Nuanquan feel quite 8 (pride) of this special traditional art form. Every year, many visitors travel to Nuanquan 9 (watch) this special fireworks show. Every time when the molten iron sparks shine in the darkness, the visitors are all 10 (complete) shocked by this beauty. 【答案】 1．women 2．celebration 3．as 4．were invented 5．setting 6．from 7．thousands 8．proud 9．to watch 10．completely 【导语】本文借《延禧攻略》里的打铁花表演，介绍河北暖泉打铁花这项非物质文化遗产的起源、制作形式与如今受人追捧的现状。 【详解】1．句意：在第32集中，乾隆宠爱的贵妃之一高贵妃，打算在乾隆母亲的寿宴庆典上献上一场惊艳绝伦的表演。固定结构“one of the + 可数名词复数”意为“……之一”，应用woman的复数形式women。 2．句意：在第32集中，乾隆宠爱的贵妃之一高贵妃，打算在乾隆母亲的寿宴庆典上献上一场惊艳绝伦的表演。介词“on”后接名词作介词宾语，celebrate是动词，其名词形式为celebration“庆典”。 3．句意：这项表演被列为河北暖泉的一项非物质文化遗产。固定搭配be listed as意为“被列为……”，此处需要填入介词as。 4．句意：数百年前，烟花由中国人发明，但在那个时候烟花价格十分昂贵。主语“fireworks”和动词invent是被动关系，“Centuries ago”为一般过去时的标志，主语为复数，一般过去时被动结构为“were + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词为invented。 5．句意：富人可以轻松燃放烟花庆祝节日，而穷人负担不起。介词“by”后面要搭配动名词形式，set的动名词形式是setting。 6．句意：然而，那并没有阻止百姓创造出属于他们自己的烟花样式。固定搭配“stop sb. from doing sth.”意为“阻止某人做某事”，空格处填介词from。 7．句意：他们将熔化的铁水泼向高高的石墙，熔化的铁水迸发出成千上万的火花。固定短语thousands of意为“成千上万的”，thousand需变为复数形式thousands。 8．句意：如今暖泉的人们为这种独特的传统艺术形式感到十分自豪。固定搭配feel proud of意为“对……感到骄傲”，pride是名词，形容词proud放在系动词“feel”后作表语。 9．句意：每年许多游客专程前往暖泉观看这场特别的烟花表演。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，用来表示游客出行的目的是观看表演，故填to watch。 10．句意：每当铁水火花在黑夜中闪耀，游客都被这番美景深深震撼。空格处修饰形容词“shocked”，需要使用副词，complete的副词形式是completely。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第03讲 Unit 3 Arts enrich our life （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语言能力：掌握戏剧、书法、电影、绘画类艺术相关词汇与句型，能读懂艺术主题语篇，用英语谈论艺术喜好与形式。 学习能力：自主归纳艺术话题表达，学会从语篇中提取艺术相关信息。 文化意识：了解中西方经典戏剧、中国传统书画、电影发展等文化内容，感知艺术魅力，增强文化自信。 思维品质：能对比不同艺术形式特点，梳理艺术发展逻辑，培养思辨与归纳能力。 学习重点 词汇：掌握worth, calligraphy, drama, comedy, masterpiece等艺术核心词汇及搭配。 句型：运用谈论艺术喜好、介绍艺术形式的常用表达。 语篇：读懂戏剧、书法、电影、绘画主题的对话与短文，提取关键信息。 文化：掌握《茶馆》、莎士比亚戏剧、黄公望绘画、中国书法等中西方经典艺术常识 学习难点 艺术主题语篇中的长难句（定语从句、被动语态句等）理解。 不同艺术形式的文化内涵、中外艺术差异的深度理解。 用英语流畅、准确地介绍、评价艺术形式，表达个人观点。 1. They are really worth watching.它们真的值得观看。 【详解】be worth doing 值得做某事（主动表被动） worth 是形容词，意为 “值得的；有…… 价值的”，不能单独作谓语，必须和 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）连用。 核心用法 1：be worth + 名词 表示 “值……（钱 / 价值）；值得……” 接金钱：The ancient painting is worth 10 million yuan. 这幅古画价值 1000 万元。 接抽象名词：This art festival is worth our attention. 这个艺术节值得我们关注。 （常接名词：money/price/attention/consideration/effort 等） 核心用法 2：be worth doing （主动表被动） 用动名词的主动形式，表达被动含义，动名词的逻辑宾语就是句子的主语，永远没有被动形式 例句The play Tea House is worth watching. 《茶馆》这部戏剧值得观看。 （逻辑：watch the play → 主语 the play 是 watch 的宾语，主动形式表被动） Chinese calligraphy is worth learning. 中国书法值得学习。 修饰词规则 修饰 worth 表示 “很、非常值得” 时，只能用 well，不能用 very（高频易错点） The film is well worth seeing twice. 这部电影很值得看两遍。 拓展：易混词辨析（worth /worthy/worthwhile） 三个词都表示 “值得的”，但用法完全不同 单词 词性 核心用法结构 例句 worth 形容词 1. be worth + 名词 2. be worth doing（主动表被动） 1. The ring is worth 5000 yuan 2. The novel is worth reading. worthy 形容词 1. be worthy of + 名 2. be worthy of being done 3. be worthy to be done 1. The artist is worthy of praise. 2. The novel is worthy of being read. 3. The novel is worthy to be read. worthwhile 形容词 1. It is worthwhile to do sth 2. It is worthwhile doing sth 3. sth is worthwhile 1. It is worthwhile to learn calligraphy. 2. Learning calligraphy is worthwhile. 同义句转换 The movie is worth watching. = The movie is worthy of being watched. = The movie is worthy to be watched. = It is worthwhile to watch the movie. = It is worthwhile watching the movie. 【典例】—What do you think of the film The Battle at Lake Changjin? —It is well worth ______. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 【即练1】This ancient vase ______ studying, for it has a long history of over 2000 years. A. is worth B. worth C. is worthy D. worths 【即练2】The music played by the pianist is worth ______ again and again. A. to listen to B. listening to C. listen to D. listened to 2.His plays have been translated into many languages around the world.他的戏剧已经被翻译成世界上的多种语言。 【详解】现在完成时的被动语态 = 现在完成时（动作时间属性） + 被动语态（主谓逻辑关系） 表示：动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响 / 结果，且句子主语是动作的承受者（不是动作的发出者）。 完整结构（4 种句式） 以及物动词 do（过去分词 done）为例： 句式 结构 例句（结合课文主题） 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 及物动词过去分词 His plays have been translated into many languages.（课文原句）他的戏剧已经被翻译成多种语言。 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词 The novel has not been made into a movie yet.这部小说还没有被改编成电影。 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 Has the art exhibition been held in your city?这场艺术展已经在你的城市举办了吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 过去分词 How many famous paintings have been shown in the museum?博物馆里已经展出了多少幅名画？ 注意： 第三人称单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词）用 has，其他人称用 have； been 绝对不能遗漏！ 核心用法 强调「过去动作对现在的影响 / 结果 动作发生在过去，重点是现在的状态 / 结果，不关心动作什么时候发生。 The famous painting *Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains* has been kept in the museum. 《富春山居图》已经被保存在博物馆里。（结果：现在画作在博物馆，可供参观） All the tickets for the play have been sold out. 这部戏剧的所有票都已经卖完了。（结果：现在买不到票了） 动作从过去持续到现在（被动的延续性动作） 常和 for + 时间段 / since + 时间点 连用，动词必须是延续性动词。 The traditional skill of calligraphy has been passed down for hundreds of years. 书法这项传统技艺已经被传承了数百年。 This theater has been used as an art center since 2010. 这家剧院自 2010 年起就被用作艺术中心。 不知道 / 不需要说明动作执行者 只强调动作的承受者，不需要说出是谁做的这个动作。 Many Chinese art works have been collected by foreign museums. 很多中国艺术品已经被国外博物馆收藏。（不需要说明具体是哪些博物馆 / 人收藏） A new rule about art education has been made. 一项关于艺术教育的新规定已经被制定。 标志性时间状语（看到就用现在完成时被动） so far（到目前为止）、up to now / till now（直到现在）、already（已经）、yet（还/已经，用于否定/疑问）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）、in the past few years（在过去几年里）、for + 时间段、since + 时间点 易混辨析：现在完成时被动 VS 一般过去时被动 时态 核心区别 例句 现在完成时被动 强调过去动作对现在的影响，和现在有关 The bridge has been built. 桥已经被建好。（现在可以通行） 一般过去时被动 只强调过去发生过这个动作，和现在无关 The bridge was built in 2020. 桥是 2020 年被建的。（只说过去的时间，不涉及现在的状态） 【典例】So far, hundreds of Mo Yan's works ______ into different foreign languages. A. translated B. have translated C. have been translated D. were translated 【即练1】The famous play Tea House ______ by many audiences since it was created. A. has been enjoyed B. has enjoyed C. was enjoyed D. enjoyed 【即练2】—How nice your new skirt is! —Thank you. It ______ to me as a birthday gift by my aunt. A. gave B. has given C. has been given D. is given 3. In traditional Chinese art, painting is not only about painting itself, but is also a way to express the artist's emotions and thoughts.在中国传统艺术中，绘画不仅关乎绘画本身，也是表达艺术家情感与思想的一种方式。 【详解】not only...but also... 是并列连词短语，意为 “不但…… 而且……”，用于连接两个性质一致、结构对等的成分，表达递进关系，强调后者。 核心用法：可连接的并列成分 可以连接主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语、句子，要求前后结构完全一致（平行原则）。 连接主语 Not only Li Ming but also his friends love traditional Chinese art. 不仅李明，他的朋友们也热爱中国传统艺术。 连接谓语 She not only writes well, but also paints beautifully. 她不仅写得好，画画也很棒。 连接宾语 I like not only calligraphy but also paper cutting. 我不仅喜欢书法，也喜欢剪纸。 连接表语The movie is not only interesting but also educational. 这部电影不仅有趣，还有教育意义。 连接状语 He learns English not only in class but also after class. 他不仅在课上学英语，课后也学。 连接两个完整句子 Not only can he play the piano, but also he can write music. 他不仅会弹钢琴，还会作曲。 就近原则（连接主语时必考） 当not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要和but also后面的主语保持一致（就近一致）。 例句：Not only my mother but also I am a fan of Beijing Opera. 不仅我妈妈，我也是京剧爱好者。（谓语和 I 一致，用 am） Not only I but also my sister likes watching comedies. 不仅我，我妹妹也喜欢看喜剧片。（谓语和 my sister 一致，用 likes） 易混对比： 并列连词 主谓一致规则 例句 not only...but also... 就近原则（和 but also 后主语一致） Not only Tom but also his parents are coming. both...and... 谓语永远用复数 Both Tom and his parents are coming. as well as 就远原则（和前面主语一致） Tom as well as his parents is coming. 句首倒装用法（难点） 当not only放在句子开头时，not only后面的分句需要部分倒装（把助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词提到主语前），but also后面的分句保持正常语序（不倒装）。 结构：Not only + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 + 谓语剩余部分, but also + 正常语序句子 例句： 正常语序：He not only knows a lot about art, but also he can create his own works. 倒装语序：Not only does he know a lot about art, but also he can create his own works. 他不仅懂很多艺术知识，还能创作自己的作品。 正常语序：The play is not only funny, but also it makes people think. 倒装语序：Not only is the play funny, but also it makes people think. 这部戏剧不仅搞笑，还能引人思考。 注意：只有not only放在句首时才倒装，放在句中时不需要倒装！ 用法细节 also 可以省略，变成not only...but...，意思不变： The art show is not only wonderful but meaningful. 这场艺术展不仅精彩，还很有意义。 可以替换为not just...but also...，语义完全一致： Not just the students but also the teachers enjoyed the opera. 不仅学生，老师们也很喜欢这场歌剧。 but also可以拆分，also放在句中实义动词前、be 动词后： He not only heard of the painting, but he has also seen it in person. 他不仅听说过这幅画，还亲眼见过。 【典例】Not only my parents but also my brother ______ interested in Chinese calligraphy. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【即练1】The art festival is ______ fun ______ educational. We can learn a lot from it. A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also D. both; and 【即练2】______ can we enjoy beautiful paintings in the show, ______ we can learn about the life of ancient artists. A. Not only; but also B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Both; and 4. Li Lin: I prefer science fiction.李林：我更喜欢科幻片。 【详解】1. prefer + 名词 / 代词 → 更喜欢某物 / 某人 表示对具体事物的偏好，是最基础的用法。 I prefer Beijing Opera to cartoons. 比起卡通片，我更喜欢京剧。 Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你更喜欢哪个？ 2.prefer + doing sth → 更喜欢做某事（长期 / 习惯性偏好）强调一贯的、习惯性的爱好，是长期的偏好。 My deskmate prefers painting in his free time. 我同桌空闲时更喜欢画画。 Many old people prefer watching traditional plays. 很多老人更喜欢看传统戏剧。 3. prefer + to do sth → 更喜欢做某事（特定 / 某次具体偏好） 强调某一次特定场合的选择，是临时、具体的偏好，和 doing 的区别是时间范围。 I prefer to stay at home today, because it's raining. 今天我宁愿待在家，因为下雨了。（今天的临时选择，不是长期爱好） She prefers to watch a movie this weekend. 这周末她更想去看电影。（本周末的具体计划） 4. prefer A to B → 比起 B，更喜欢 A 用于两者比较，to 是介词，不是不定式符号，A 和 B 必须是结构一致的名词 / 代词 / 动名词。 I prefer calligraphy to drawing. 比起画画，我更喜欢书法。（A、B 都是名词） He prefers reading novels to watching TV. 比起看电视，他更喜欢看小说。（A、B 都是动名词） 5. prefer doing A to doing B → 比起做 B，更喜欢做 A（考点延伸） 是 prefer A to B 的动名词形式，to 后必须接动名词（不能接动词原形）。 I prefer listening to music to playing games. 比起玩游戏，我更喜欢听音乐。 6. prefer to do A rather than do B → 宁愿做 A，也不愿做 B（最高频考点） 表示 “宁愿做前者，拒绝做后者”，rather than 后面必须接动词原形（不能加 to）。 Many students prefer to watch comedies rather than see war movies. 很多学生宁愿看喜剧片，也不愿看战争片。 I prefer to practice calligraphy rather than play mobile phones at home. 我宁愿在家练书法，也不愿玩手机。 7. prefer sb to do sth → 宁愿 / 希望某人做某事 表示希望 / 宁愿别人做某事，后面接不定式作宾补。 My teacher prefers us to learn more about traditional Chinese art. 我的老师希望我们多了解中国传统艺术。 My parents prefer me to read more classic works. 我父母宁愿我多读经典作品。 同义结构转换 prefer A to B = like A better than B I prefer tea to coffee. = I like tea better than coffee. 比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。 prefer to do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B He prefers to walk rather than take a bus. = He would rather walk than take a bus. 他宁愿走路也不愿坐公交。 【典例】—What kind of movies do you like? —I ______ cartoons to action movies. A. prefer B. like C. enjoy D. love 【即练1】My deskmate prefers ______ a walk after dinner rather than ______ TV at home. A. to take; watch B. take; watch C. taking; watching D. to take; watching 【即练2】When I am free, I prefer ______ books about traditional Chinese art in the library. A. read B. to read C. reads D. to reading 5.It's hard to believe movies are just over 100 years old.很难相信电影才诞生 100 多年。 【详解】当动词不定式（to do sth）作句子主语时，如果直接放在句首，会导致句子 “头重脚轻”（主语太长，谓语太短，不符合英语表达习惯）。 因此用无实际语义的 It放在句首作 “形式主语”，把真正的主语（to do 不定式）放到句末，让句子结构更平衡。 成分 内容 说明 形式主语 It 无实际意思，只起平衡句子结构的作用 谓语 is hard 系动词 + 形容词作表语 真正主语 to believe movies are just over 100 years old 句子真正的主语，是 “很难” 的对象 基础句型：It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth翻译为：“（对某人来说）做某事是…… 的” 最基础用法（不加 sb） 直接描述 “做某事的性质”，不需要强调动作的执行者。 It's important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 It's useful to learn Chinese calligraphy. 学中国书法很有用。 It's relaxing to watch a comedy after class. 课后看喜剧很放松。 核心考点：for sb & of sb 的区别 当需要强调 “对某人来说做某事……” 时，加for sb或of sb，二者用法完全不同，是中 介词 修饰对象 常用形容词 例句 for sb 修饰「事情的性质」表示 “做这件事对某人来说是…… 的” hard, easy, difficult, important, necessary, useful, interesting, possible, dangerous 等 It's hard for us to understand the ancient poem.对我们来说理解这首古诗很难。It's necessary for students to master art knowledge.对学生来说掌握艺术知识很有必要。 of sb 修饰人的品质 / 性格表示 “某人做这件事，体现了他…… 的品质” kind, nice, clever, foolish, polite, rude, brave, careful, careless, friendly 等 It's kind of you to teach me to paint.你教我画画，你真善良。It's careless of him to lose the famous painting.他弄丢了这幅名画，真粗心。 快速判断技巧： 如果形容词可以用来描述人（比如 you are kind），就用 of； 如果形容词只能描述事情（不能说 you are hard），就用 for。 验证：You are kind. 成立 → 用 of；You are hard. 语义不通 → 用 for。 拓展延伸结构 1. It + be + 名词 + to do sth 把形容词换成名词，描述 “做某事是……（一件事 / 一个好主意等）” It's a good habit to read art books every day. 每天读艺术书籍是个好习惯。 It's a pleasure to enjoy the beautiful painting. 欣赏这幅美丽的画是一件乐事。 2. It takes sb + 时间 / 金钱 + to do sth 表示 “做某事花费某人多少时间 / 金钱”，是 It 作形式主语的最常用场景之一。 It takes me an hour to practice calligraphy every day. 我每天花 1 小时练书法。 It took the artist 3 years to finish the painting. 这位艺术家花了 3 年完成这幅画。 【典例】______ is important for us ______ more about traditional Chinese culture. A. It; learn B. That; learn C. It; to learn D. That; to learn 【即练1】It's very kind ______ you to teach me how to write Chinese calligraphy. A. of B. for C. to D. with 【即练2】______ amazing ______ the painting Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is so beautiful! A. It's; that B. It; that C. That's; it D. That; it 6.Good plays can make us laugh or cry, and they can enrich our life.好的戏剧能让我们欢笑或哭泣，还能丰富我们的生活。 【详解】make 变形 动词原形：make 三单：makes；过去式 / 过去分词：made；现在分词：making 句型结构 含义 例句 中考易错点 make sb. /sth. + 形容词 使某人 / 某物变得…… The activity makes our school warm. 这场活动让校园变得温暖。 形容词作宾语补足语，常用比较级 make...better/more fun make sb. /sth. + 名词 使某人 / 某物成为…… We cooperate to make our school a better place. 我们协作让学校成为更好的地方。 名词表身份、称号，不加冠词特例极少 make sb. do sth. 让 / 使某人做某事（主动） Good communication makes us understand each other. 良好沟通让我们互相理解。 后面接动词原形，不能加 to be made to do sth. 被迫 / 被要求做某事（被动） He was made to finish the report alone. 他被迫独自完成报告。 被动语态必须还原不定式 to make sth. for sb. = make sb. sth. 为某人制作某物 She made us delicious cakes for the bake sale. 她为义卖给我们做了美味蛋糕。 双宾语结构，sth. 为物品 固定短语表 短语 释义 例句 make sure 确保；保证 We made sure everyone’s ideas were respected. 我们确保每个人的想法都被尊重。 make a decision 做决定 We made a decision to hold an art festival. make money 赚钱 We raised money to make money for charity. make progress 取得进步 Talking more makes you make progress in communication. 【典例】The sad movie made the little girl ______ in the cinema. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【即练1】We should do something to make our hometown ______. A. Beautifully B. more beautiful C. beauty D. beautifully 【即练2】The artist raised his voice to make himself ______ by all the audience. A. Hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear 7.There are so many different forms of art, such as paintings, literature, music, and calligraphy.有如此多不同的艺术形式，比如绘画、文学、音乐和书法。 【详解】词性本质（根本区别） 单词 词性 修饰对象 核心含义 so 副词 修饰形容词、副词 如此、这么 such 限定词（形容词性） 修饰名词（短语） 如此的、这样的 so 的完整用法结构 so + 形容词 / 副词（最基础用法）直接修饰形容词或副词，强调程度 修饰形容词：The painting is so beautiful. 这幅画太美了。 修饰副词：The artist draws so carefully. 这位艺术家画得太仔细了。 so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 结构：so + adj + a/an + 可数名词单数 = such + a/an + adj + 可数名词单数（可和 such 转换） It is so wonderful a play that we all love it. = It is such a wonderful play that we all love it. 这是一部如此精彩的戏剧，我们都很喜欢。 so + many/much/few/little + 名词（高频必考特殊搭配） 当名词前有表示数量的many（多，修饰可数）、much（多，修饰不可数）、few（少，修饰可数）、little（少，修饰不可数）时，只能用 so，绝对不能用 such！ so many famous artists 如此多著名艺术家（many + 可数复数） so much ink 这么多墨水（much + 不可数） so few calligraphy works 这么少书法作品（few + 可数复数） so little time 这么少时间（little 表 “少”+ 不可数） so + 主语 + 助动词 /be/ 情态动词（表赞同）意为 “确实如此”，用于肯定对方的话 —The Beijing Opera is amazing. 京剧太惊艳了。 —So it is. 确实如此。 such 的完整用法结构 such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 结构：such + a/an + adj + 可数名词单数（最常用） It is such an amazing painting that everyone stops to watch it. 这是一幅如此惊艳的画，所有人都停下来欣赏。 such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 They are such interesting traditional plays. 它们是如此有趣的传统戏剧。 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 Chinese calligraphy is such special art. 中国书法是如此特别的艺术。 固定搭配：such as 比如、例如 用于举例，相当于 for example（但 for example 后接句子，such as 后接名词 / 短语） I like many forms of art, such as painting and music. 我喜欢很多艺术形式，比如绘画和音乐。 核心句型：so...that... &such...that... 两者都表示 “如此…… 以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，区别只在于修饰对象： 句型 结构 例句 so...that... so + 形 / 副 + that 从句 The play is so moving that we all cried. 这部戏剧太感人了，我们都哭了。 such...that... such + 名词短语 + that 从句 It is such a moving play that we all cried. 这是一部如此感人的戏剧，我们都哭了。 同义句转换（中考常考）： The movie is so exciting that all the students like it. = It is such an exciting movie that all the students like it. 【典例】There are ______ famous works in the art museum that we spent a whole day visiting. A. so many B. such many C. so much D. such much 【即练1】It is ______ amazing painting that everyone wants to take a photo with it. A. so B. such C. so an D. such an 【即练2】The calligraphy teacher writes ______ beautifully that all the students admire him. A. so B. such C. very D. too 8.They have been on stage for many years, and are still alive today.它们已经上演很多年了，至今仍深受喜爱。 【详解】现在完成时中，for和since都用来引导时间状语，核心区别： for + 时间段：表示动作持续了多久（比如 for 3 years, for two hours, for a long time） 例：I have learned calligraphy for 5 years. 我学书法已经 5 年了。 since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子：表示动作 “自从…… 开始”（比如 since 2020, since I was a kid, since last year） 例：I have learned calligraphy since I was 10 years old. 我从 10 岁开始学书法。 转换：for + 时间段 = since + 时间段 + ago → He has been a painter for 10 years. = He has been a painter since 10 years ago. 【典例】The traditional art of paper cutting has been passed down ______ hundreds of years. A. since B. for C. in D. at 【即练1】—How long have you been interested in oil painting? —______ two years ago. A. For B. Since C. In D. At 【即练2】My grandpa has loved Beijing Opera ______ he was a little boy. A. for B. since C. when D. while 9.It is also a way to express the artist's emotions and thoughts.它也是表达艺术家情感与思想的一种方式。 【详解】动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，放在被修饰的名词后面，用来解释名词的内容，常修饰的名词有：way, chance, time, ability, wish, plan 等。 核心结构：名词 + to do（不定式和被修饰名词是逻辑动宾关系） 例：I have a good chance to learn Chinese painting. 我有一个学习中国画的好机会。 特殊情况：如果不定式是不及物动词，后面要加对应的介词 例：He has no room to live in. 他没有住的房间。（live 是不及物动词，加 in 才能和 room 构成动宾） 【典例】It's a good way ______ about different forms of traditional art. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned 【即练1】We all have the ability ______ beautiful things in our life. A. find B. to find C. finding D. found 【即练2】The artist has a new plan ______ a painting about the Fuchun River. A. Create B. creating C. to create D. created 10.When I was a kid, I watched my grandpa write Chinese characters.我小时候，看着爷爷写汉字。 【详解】常见感官动词：watch, see, hear, feel, notice（看、听、感觉），后接宾语补足语有两种形式： 感官动词 + 宾语 + do sth：表示看到 / 听到动作的全过程（动作已经结束） 例：I heard the actress sing a Beijing Opera song. 我听到那位女演员唱了一首京剧（全程听完了）。 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing sth：表示看到 / 听到动作正在进行（动作正在发生） 例：When I passed the classroom, I heard someone singing. 我路过教室时，听到有人正在唱歌。 被动还原：主动句中省略的 to，被动语态必须加回来 主动：We watched him paint the landscape. 被动：He was watched to paint the landscape. 【典例】Standing by the window, I saw the artist ______ a painting in the studio just now. A. paint B. to paint C. painting D. painted 【即练1】As I walked past the theater, I heard many people ______ for the wonderful play. A. cheer B. to cheer C. cheering D. cheered 【即练2】The little boy was noticed ______ the calligraphy works on the wall carefully. A. look at B. to look at C. looking at D. looked at 11. Besides actors, actresses, or directors, thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.除了男女演员、导演之外，数千人会参与电影制作。 本句中thousands of表示 “数千的”，和a number of同义，都表示 “大量、许多”，修饰可数名词复数 【详解】a number of 与 the number of 辨析 短语 含义 谓语动词形式 例句 a number of + 可数名词复数 许多、大量 = many 复数 A number of students are interested in Chinese painting. 许多学生对中国画感兴趣。 the number of + 可数名词复数 …… 的数量 单数 The number of artists in the show is 50. 参展的艺术家数量是 50 人。 巧记：a 表 “一个”，强调整体数量多，谓语用复数；the 表特指 “那个数字”，数字是单数，谓语用单数。 【典例】_____ the famous paintings in the museum is over 200. A. A number of B. The number of C. A lot of D. Lots of 【即练1】A number of calligraphers ______ invited to the art festival every year. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【即练2】—What do you know about the movie? —______ people worked on it, and it took 3 years to finish. A. The number of B. A number of C. Much D. Little 12.Huang Gongwang used a special skill called "looking closely at nature" to see all details.黄公望使用了一种名为 “细致观察自然” 的特殊技法来呈现所有细节。 【详解】used是动词use（使用）的过去式 结构 含义 用法 贴合课文例句 used to do sth 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） 表过去的习惯，to 是不定式符号，接动词原形 He used to paint in the mountains every day. 他过去常常每天在山里画画。（现在不再这样做了） be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 to 是介词，接动名词，可用于多种时态 He is used to observing nature carefully before painting. 他习惯画画前仔细观察自然。 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 被动语态，表 “被用作……” The brush is used to paint landscape works. 毛笔被用来画山水画。 【典例】My grandpa ______ Beijing Opera, but now he likes painting. A. used to like B. is used to like C. used to liking D. is used to liking 【即练1】After living in China for 5 years, the foreign artist ______ Chinese tea. A. used to drink B. is used to drink C. is used to drinking D. used to drinking 【即练2】The brush in ancient China ______ write characters and paint. A. used to B. was used to C. is used to D. was used for 13.Thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.制作一部电影会有数千人参与其中。 【详解】情态动词的被动语态 = 情态动词（表语气） + 被动语态（主谓关系） 表示 “某人 / 某物 可以 / 必须 / 应该 / 可能被……”，主语是动作的承受者。 成分 内容 说明 情态动词 can 表 “能够、可以” 被动标志 be 被动语态的核心标志，永远用原形 过去分词 involved 及物动词 involve 的过去分词 核心基础结构 所有情态动词（can/may/must/should/need 等）的被动语态，结构完全统一： 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词（done） 关键规则：be 永远用原形，不会随情态动词、主语人称变化；过去分词固定不变。 4 种句式变化 以动词protect（保护）、情态动词should为例： 句式 结构 课文例句 肯定句 主语 + 情态动词 + be + done Traditional art should be protected. 传统艺术应该被保护。 否定句 主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + done Traditional art should not be destroyed. 传统艺术不应该被破坏。 一般疑问句 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done？ Should traditional art be protected? 传统艺术应该被保护吗？ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + be + done？ How should traditional art be protected? 传统艺术应该如何被保护？ 不同情态动词的被动含义 情态动词 被动结构 含义 主题例句 can can be done 能够 / 可以被…… The play Tea House can be watched in many cities. 《茶馆》可以在很多城市看到。 may may be done 可能 / 可以被…… The painting may be shown in the museum next month. 这幅画可能下个月在博物馆展出。 must must be done 必须被…… The ancient calligraphy works must be kept carefully. 古代书法作品必须被细心保存。 should should be done 应该被…… More art courses should be opened in schools. 学校应该开设更多艺术课程。 need need be done 需要被…… The old theater need be repaired. 这家老剧院需要被修缮。 特殊用法 & 易错点 1. 短语动词的被动：绝对不能丢介词 look after, take care of, talk about, listen to 等 “动词 + 介词” 的短语，变被动时介词不能删掉： The old artist should be taken good care of. 这位老艺术家应该被好好照顾。 2. 双宾语的被动：两种正确变法 带双宾语的动词（give/show/teach 等），变被动有两种形式： 主动句：We should teach students calligraphy. ① 间接宾语（人）变主语：Students should be taught calligraphy. ② 直接宾语（物）变主语：Calligraphy should be taught to students.（不能漏掉介词 to） 3. 使役动词被动：还原不定式 to 主动句中make/see/hear等词后省略 to 的不定式，变被动时必须把 to 加回来： 主动：We should make students learn traditional art. 被动：Students should be made to learn traditional art. 【典例】All the ancient paintings ______ in a safe place in the museum. A. must keep B. must be kept C. can keep D. should keep 【即练1】—______ the art festival ______ in our school next week? —Yes, we are preparing for it now. A. Will; hold B. Can; hold C. Can; be held D. Must; hold 【即练2】It's a rule that visitors ______ to touch the works in the art exhibition. A. don't allow B. mustn't allow C. aren't allowed D. mustn't be allowed 一、根据汉语提示写单词（共 5 小题） 1.Chinese ________ (书法) is one of the most important traditional arts in China. 2.Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is a famous ________ (杰作) of Chinese landscape painting. 3.The play Tea House is ________ (值得) watching again and again. 4. Shakespeare is a great writer who is good at writing ________ (戏剧). 5. More than 1000 people are ________ (参与) in making this great movie. 二、单项选择（共 5 小题） 1.—How do you like the new movie? —It is ______ wonderful ______ all of us want to watch it again. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 2. I ______ watch comedies ______ see war movies when I am free. A. prefer; to B. prefer to; rather than C. would; rather D. like; better than 3. All the traditional art works ______ good care of in the national museum. A. must take B. must be taken C. should take D. can take 4. It's important ______ us ______ more about Chinese traditional art. A. of; to learn B. for; learning C. for; to learn D. of; learning 5. The sad story in the play made all the audience ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空（共 5 小题） 1.His plays ________ (translate) into many languages since they came out. 2.I prefer ________ (paint) in my free time instead of playing mobile phones. 3.My grandpa ________ (use) to watch Beijing Opera when he was young. 4.We have a good chance ________ (learn) Chinese calligraphy from the famous artist. 5.The teacher made us ________ (remember) all the art words this week. 四、完成句子（共 5 小题） 1.这幅美丽的画值得好好欣赏。 The beautiful painting ________ ________ ________ carefully. 2.不仅学生们，他们的老师也喜欢这部戏剧。 ________ ________ the students ________ ________ their teacher likes this play. 3.对我们来说，了解艺术历史是很有必要的。 ________ necessary ________ us ________ know the history of art. 4.我宁愿在家练书法也不愿去看电影。 I ________ ________ practice calligraphy at home ________ ________ go to the cinema. 5.这些古老的书法作品必须被妥善保存。 These ancient calligraphy works ________ ________ ________ well. 五、阅读理解 Passage 1 Have you ever taken part in the traditional folk celebration Shehuo (社火)? It is a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). The celebration is always performed outdoors during the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival. It carries people’s wishes for good weather and good luck in the coming year. In fact, Shehuo has a long history in Ningxia. The Gaotai Horse Shehuo (高台马社火) of Longde County plays an important part in the folk culture of Ningxia. It combines (结合) the Gaotai Shehuo, which is performed on a stand (架子), and the Horse Shehuo, which is performed on horseback. The performers of the Gaotai Horse Shehuo are usually children around 10 years old. They wear colorful costumes (服装) and have heavy make - up, looking like characters from Chinese operas. It is not easy to be a performer of Gaotai Horse Shehuo. They must be brave and careful, and they must understand traditional operas. They also need to know how to ride a horse. Nowadays, for the better inheritance (传承) of Shehuo, many places in Northwest China are actively holding “intangible cultural heritage into schools (非遗进校园)” activities. In many primary and middle schools in Ningxia, Shehuo has become an important part of after-school activities. By learning Shehuo performances, students not only get to know traditional culture, but also develop team spirit and an interest in art. Shehuo is not just a fun performance, but also a valuable part of Chinese culture. By learning and taking part in Shehuo, young students can help keep this tradition alive. 1．What’s the meaning of holding Shehuo activities according to the passage? A．To pass down traditional folk culture. B．To make the Spring Festival more exciting. C．To show special festival performance skills. D．To wish for good weather and luck in the new year. 2．What abilities must Gaotai Horse Shehuo performers have? ①Being brave and careful. ②Being humorous. ③Understanding traditional operas. ④Knowing how to ride a horse. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 3．What does the writer think of teenagers learning and joining Shehuo? A．Worrying. B．Meaningful. C．Boring. D．Crazy. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The History of Chinese Traditional Festivals B．The Ways to Become a Skilled Shehuo Performer C．The Amazing Intangible Cultural Heritage: Shehuo D．The Reasons for Children Learning to Perform Shehuo Passage 2 Nowadays, air conditioning and electric fans help people beat the summer heat. But in ancient times, how did people find relief without these inventions? Some cultural items collected at the Palace Museum in Beijing can help us find how Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) royal families spent their summer days. Summer food and drinks in the Forbidden City (紫禁城) were mainly different kinds of fruits including melons, as well as tea from around the country. When the emperors met officials (官员) or read books, they drank green tea, flower tea or milk tea. These drinks are refreshing and can provide coolness to deal with the summer heat. Iceboxes made of wood were widely used. Lead (铅) or tin (锡) was put inside the box to let the hours longer for keeping the natural ice. Many historical materials record the royal family using such a box to keep fruits cool on hot summer days. Summer clothes for the royals were mainly made of fabrics like yarn (纱) and silk. The materials are permeable (透风的) which keep the wearer cool. It can weigh only 50g or below. Many features of the buildings in the Forbidden City helped relieve summer heat. The Zhizhai (支摘) window, or hung and removable window, was a great invention. The upper part can be pulled up for ventilation, while the lower part can be removed to allow more light in. The royal family could even enjoy an air-conditioned room in ancient times. As the iceboxes often had air holes, it could be used to cool the temperature of the room. 1．How did Qing Dynasty royal families deal with the summer heat? ① They used air conditioning and electric fans. ② They drank various kinds of tea. ③ They wore summer clothes made of yarn and cotton. ④ They used iceboxes to keep food cool. A．①②. B．③④. C．②④. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．In Qing Dynasty, iceboxes were made of lead and tin. B．For architecture, the article mentioned two ways to deal with summer heat. C．Summer clothes for the royal family are very light. 3．How were iceboxes used in the Qing Dynasty? A．They were used to keep clothes cool. B．They were used to preserve natural ice. C．They were used as air-conditioning units. 4．How did the iceboxes in the Forbidden City help cool the temperature of the room? A．They were made of special cooling materials. B．They had air holes for cooling down the temperature. C．They were placed near windows for natural wind. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain how air conditioning works. B．To describe the cooling ways of Qing Dynasty royal families in summer. C．To compare ancient and modern ways of cooling. 六、完形填空 The Chinese TV series Story of Yanxi Palace has become a trend among Chinese viewers. In Episode (集) 32, noble consort Gao, one of the 1 (woman) that Emperor Qianlong loves, wants to give a breath-taking show on Qianlong’s mother’s birthday 2 (celebrate). The show is called “Wan Zi Qian Hong” or “Dashuhua”. It has been listed 3 an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in Nuanquan, Hebei Province. Centuries ago, fireworks 4 (invent) by Chinese people but they were expensive at that time. The rich could easily celebrate festivals by 5 (set) off fireworks while the poor couldn’t afford them. However, that didn’t stop the people 6 developing their own kind of fireworks. Some blacksmiths (铁匠) in Nuanquan were inspired (启发) by the sparks of the iron (铁). They poured molten iron at a tall stone wall and it would explode into 7 (thousand) of sparks, creating an effect similar to fireworks. Nowadays, people in Nuanquan feel quite 8 (pride) of this special traditional art form. Every year, many visitors travel to Nuanquan 9 (watch) this special fireworks show. Every time when the molten iron sparks shine in the darkness, the visitors are all 10 (complete) shocked by this beauty. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $