暑假作业13 同位语从句（巩固培优）高二英语译林版

**基本信息** 以“概念-引导词-句型-辨析”为逻辑链，系统构建同位语从句知识体系，通过方法提炼与分层训练提升语言运用能力和逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念解析|定义+2例句|抽象名词+连接词+从句结构解构|从核心定义出发，明确基本构成| |连词选用|10类连接词+表格|“结构完整性-语义需求”判定流程|按从句成分缺失类型分类指导| |句型应用|3类核心句型+分隔式案例|固定搭配（如there is no doubt that）及虚拟语气考点|从基础句型到特殊结构拓展| |易混辨析|对比表格+2组例句|作用/that功能/名词类型三维区分法|与定语从句形成清晰辨析框架| |综合训练|5类题型+真题再现|“识别-判断-应用”解题步骤|覆盖单选、填空、翻译等多元考查形式|

Have you heard the news? What news? The news that our . school will hold a science and technology festival next month. really, but I have a doubt whether we have enough time to prepare. Don't worry. The fact that many students are already working on projects is encouraging. that's true. But the question who will be responsible for the opening ceremony hasn't been answered. I have no idea why they haven't anounced yet. Anyway, the thought that this festival can inspire our creativity makes me excited. When I entered high school, I held a firm belief that hard work leads to success. However, I soon faced a question whether I could baLance my studies and my passion for painting. The truth that I had fAllen behind in maths made me feel anxious. One day, my art teacher shared that what really matters is not talent, but perseverance. SHE also told us a story about how a former student had won a national competition after countless failures. Then came a doubt about why I was so afraid of making mistakes. Another question, who would stand by me when I struggled suddenly cross my mind? Later, I made a decision that I would spend two hours on math every day. In one hour painting, my parents expressed the hope that I would find my own pace. The question of which path leads to true happiness gradually became clear to me. I also began to wonder when I would see the results of my efforts. Finally, I reached the conclusion that chasing dreams bravely is never a waste of time. Now I have no idea where this journey will take me, but I am certain of one thing that every efat counts. ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 同位语从句 （原卷版） 一、定义 同位语从句是在复合句中用作同位语的从句，它通常跟在某些抽象名词（如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, thought, promise, conclusion, evidence等）之后，对该名词的内容进行解释、说明或具体化。 基本结构：抽象名词 + 连接词 + 同位语从句 例：We heard the news that our team had won.（我们听到消息：我们队赢了。） There is no doubt that he is honest.（毫无疑问他是诚实的。） 二、引导同位语从句的连接词 连词 意义及作用 例句 that 无意义，只起连接作用（不可省略） I believe the fact that he is innocent. whether “是否”（不用 if） The question whether we should go remains unclear. what 多种意思（见下文） I have no idea what he is doing. who 谁 The problem who should go hasn’t been solved. which 哪一个…… The question which way is shorter matters. when 什么时候 I have no idea when she will come. where 哪里 Do you know the place where she lives?（注意：此处where既可能引导定语从句也可能引导同位语从句，取决于先行词是否为抽象地点名词。典型同位语：The question where we should go is still open.） why 为什么 There is no reason why he did that. how 然后，怎样 I have no idea how he solved the problem. whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however 无论…… I will support the view whatever he decides is right.（少见，一般用that） 最常用：that（陈述事实）、whether（是否）、wh- 疑问词（表达疑问内容）。 三、如何确定同位语从句的连词？ 情况 选用连词 示例 从句结构完整，陈述事实 that The fact that she is honest is known. 从句结构完整，表示“是否” whether The doubt whether he will come exists. 从句缺少主语/宾语/表语/定语 连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose I have no idea what he wants. 从句缺少状语 连接副词：when, where, why, how The question why he left remains. 四、常见同位语从句句型 1. 名词 + that 从句（最常见的基本型） We heard the news that the flight was delayed. 主干：We heard the news. 从句：that the flight was delayed 完整解释了“news”到底是什么事。 常见名词：fact, news, idea, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, promise, truth 等。 特殊固定搭配（there is no doubt / question）： There is no doubt that he will succeed. 解析：这是典型的固定句型。that 引导的是“doubt”的同位语，说明“毫无疑问”的具体内容。 语法考点（重要！）：在 否定句 和 疑问句 中，doubt 后面接 that；但在 肯定句 中，doubt 后面通常接whether（如：There is some doubt whether he will come. / There is no doubt that your answer is wrong.）。 虚拟语气考点：表示“建议”等名词后的同位语从句，从句谓语需用 (should) + 动词原形。例如The suggestion that the meeting (should) be postponed.（suggestion 的具体内容）。 2. 同位语从句与主句分隔（分隔式同位语） 结构：名词 + 谓语动词（短） + that 从句（长） 为什么分隔？为了避免句子“头重脚轻”（主语名词后的定语太长，谓语太短），把长长的同位语从句后移到谓语后面。 经典例句：The rumor spread that a new school would be built. 正常语序（未分隔）：The rumor that a new school would be built spread.（主语太长，谓语太短，读起来别扭） 分隔后语序：The rumor spread（主谓完成）+ that a new school would be built（解释 rumor 的内容）。 常见触发动词：spread（传播）、arose（出现）、came（传来）等不及物动词。例如：The news came that our team had won. 3. 疑问词（wh-）引导的同位语从句 结构：抽象名词（表“未知信息”） + 连接代词/副词（what, where, when, who, whether, how 等） + 陈述语序。 适用名词：idea, question, problem, doubt, uncertainty, (have no) idea 等，这些词本身包含“未知、疑问”的含义。 例句解析：I have no idea where she lives. 主干：I have no idea. 从句：where she lives 是 idea 的具体内容（她住的地方在哪）。 考点提醒：同位语从句必须用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），不能说 where does she live。 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 区别点 同位语从句 定语从句 作用 解释说明前面名词的内容 修饰限定前面名词的特征, 与先行项的关系为修饰限定、或补充说明的关系 that 作用 只起连接作用，无意义，不作成分 that 是关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语 that 可否省略 不可省略 作宾语时可省略 前面名词 通常是抽象名词（news, fact, idea等） 可以是任何名词（具体或抽象） 从句完整性 从句一般完整（除wh-疑问词外） 从句缺少成分（关系词代替先行词） 对比示例： The news that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，news 的内容就是“他赢了比赛”，从句完整） The news that/which he told me is true.（定语从句，news 是told的宾语，从句缺少宾语） 六、what在名词性从句中的用法总结 用法 1：表示“疑问”——“什么”（保留疑问意味） 功能：引导间接疑问句，表达“未知的、不确定的具体事物”，通常翻译为“什么”。 例句1：I don’t know what she is drawing. 解析：what 在宾语从句中作 drawing 的宾语。从句语序为陈述句语序（what + 主语 + 谓语），不能说what is she drawing。 用法 2：表示“多么”（感叹句结构作宾语从句） 功能：引导感叹性的宾语从句，what 作定语修饰其后的名词（或名词短语），表达强烈的感叹、惊讶或赞叹。翻译为“多么……啊！”。 核心结构公式：what + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语 例句 1：I realized what a great mistake I had made. 解析：what a great mistake I had made 整体作 realized 的宾语从句。what 在此不作主语或宾语（made 的宾语是 mistake），而是作 定语 修饰 mistake，感叹这个错误“多么大”。全句意为“我意识到自己犯了一个多么大的错误。” 例句 2：You can hardly imagine what difficulty we had in climbing the mountain. 解析：what difficulty we had 作 imagine 的宾语从句。what 修饰不可数名词 difficulty（此处不用 what a），感叹“多么大的困难”。从句内部 had 的宾语是 difficulty，what 只负责加强感叹语气。意为“你几乎想象不到我们爬山时遇到了多大的困难。” 用法 3：表示“……的事情 / ……的东西”（等同于 the thing(s) that） 功能：这是 what 最基础、最常见的用法。它不含疑问意味，而是指代一个具体或抽象的事物。 例句1：What you said just now hurt my feelings. 解析：What you said = The thing that you said。what 在从句中作 said 的宾语，指代“你说过的那番话”。 例句2：This is what I bought yesterday. 解析：what I bought = the thing that I bought，作表语。what 在从句中作 bought 的宾语。 用法 4：表示“……的一切 / 所有的……”（等同于 all that / everything that） 功能：强调全部涵盖，带有“全部、彻底”的语义，情感色彩比用法 3 更重。 例句1：What he has done for this family is beyond words. 解析：此时 what 不仅指“事情”，更强调“他所做的一切（所有事）”，等同于 Everything that he has done。 例句2：A real friend gives you what you truly need, not what you want. 解析：前半句强调“真正需要的一切”，语义范围比单纯的“the thing”更广、更绝对。 用法 5：表示“……的人 / ……的样子或身份”（等同于 the person that） 功能：what 不仅指物，也可以指代人，但通常指人的职业、身份、角色、状态或前后变化，而非指具体的某个人名（指人名用 who）。 例句1：She is no longer what she was ten years ago. 解析：what she was = the person that she was，指“她十年前的那个样子/状态”。强调身份状态的变化。 例句2：He is not what you think he is. 解析：what 在从句中作 is 的表语，指“你心目中认为的那个（人）”。 用法 6：表示“……的价值 /……的作用 / ……的地位”（作表语，固定感强） 功能：在表语从句中，what 常用于强调本质属性、价值意义或应有的地位。 例句1：True happiness is what money cannot buy. 解析：这里 what 不只指“东西”，而是强调“金钱买不到的那种价值/性质”。 例句2：That is what really matters. 解析：what 作 matters 的主语，指“真正重要的东西/价值”。这是写作中的高分句式（what matters is...）。 用法 7：融合“介词 + 关系代词”，暗含“地点/时间/价格”等抽象背景 功能：虽然 what 本身不作状语，但当 what 引导的名词性从句作介词宾语，或者上下文暗示“背景”时，它可以将 the place that / the time that / the price that 等融合进去。 例句1：This museum is not far from what used to be a factory. 解析：what used to be a factory = the place that used to be a factory。what 在从句中作主语，但整个从句暗示了“地点”。 例句2：I spent what little time I had with my family. 解析：特殊结构 what little + 名词，表示“仅有的那一点点……”。what little time = the small amount of time that，强调数量之少。 例句3：The boy was saved by what looked like a miracle. 解析：what looked like... 指代“一种看起来像……的情景/东西”，暗含整个情境。 七、 what对比 that 对比点 what that（引导名词性从句） 在从句中是否作成分 必须作主语、宾语或表语 不作任何成分，仅起连接作用 是否有词义 有词义（...的事情/人/价值等） 无词义 能否省略 绝对不能省略 在宾语从句中可以省略（但建议不省） 经典对比练习： I believe that he is honest.（that不作成分，只连接，可省） I believe what he said.（what作said的宾语，不能省，意为“他说的话”） 一、单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The news ______ our team had won the championship soon spread across the whole school. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 2. I have no doubt ______ he will pass the driving test; he has been practicing for 2 months. A. whether B. that C. if D. which 3. The question ______ we should take immediate action or wait for further instructions remains unanswered. A. that B. what C. whether D. which 4. The fact ______ he lied to his parents made his father extremely disappointed. A. why B. that C. which D. what 5. The suggestion ______ we start the project right away was put forward by the manager. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 6. I have no idea ______ he managed to finish the marathon with a broken leg. A. how B. what C. that D. which 7. The belief ______ hard work leads to success is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. A. what B. which C. that D. whether 8. The problem ______ we can get enough clean water in this desert area is very serious. A. what B. that C. where D. how 9. The order ______ all soldiers should stay where they were was given by the general. A. what B. which C. that D. when 10. The rumor ______ the famous actor would retire from the film industry turned out to be false. A. what B. which C. that D. whether 二、单句语法填空: 在空白处填入一个适当的连接词，使句子完整正确。 1. The fact ______ he had never received any formal training in music made his success even more remarkable. 2. There is some doubt ______ the company will survive the current financial crisis，so we are all worried about its future. 3. The question ______ caused the accident has not been answered yet. 4. The doctor came to the conclusion ______ the patient’s illness was caused by long-term stress. 5. I have no idea ______ the lost key is; I searched every corner of the house. 6. The hope ______ he would return to his homeland never faded in his heart. 7. The warning ______ the dam might collapse at any moment forced the villagers to evacuate immediately. 8. The argument ______ we should invest more money in education sounds reasonable, but we need to consider the budget. 9. The mystery ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly still puzzles historians today. 10. The possibility ______ humans will one day live on Mars is no longer pure science fiction. 三、用同位语从句完成句子 1. The news ____________________________________（我们学校赢得了篮球锦标赛）excited every student. 2. I have no idea ____________________________________（他为什么突然辞去了那份高薪工作）. 3. The fact ____________________________________（他从未读过这本经典小说）surprised all his classmates. 4. The question ____________________________________（我们是否应该接受这个邀请）remains to be discussed. 5. The belief ____________________________________（失败是成功之母）has motivated countless people. 6. The order ____________________________________（所有乘客必须在起飞前关闭手机）was strictly enforced. 7. The rumor ____________________________________（那位著名科学家已经离开了这个国家）proved to be completely false. 8. The possibility ____________________________________（人工智能将来会超越人类智慧）is a hot topic among scientists. 9. The conclusion ____________________________________（这项政策对环境有益）was supported by solid data. 10. There is no doubt ____________________________________（全球变暖正在加剧）. 一、句型转换：将下面每组中的两个简单句合并成一个含有同位语从句的复合句。 1. The news was exciting. Our school had won the basketball championship. → ________________________________________________________________ 2. He put forward a suggestion. We should start the project immediately. → ________________________________________________________________ 3. The fact surprised everyone. He had never received any formal training in music. → ________________________________________________________________ 4. There is a question. Will the company survive the current financial crisis? → ________________________________________________________________ 5. I have no idea. Where has he hidden the key? → ________________________________________________________________ 6. The rumor spread quickly. The famous actor would retire from the film industry. → ________________________________________________________________ 7. The order was given by the general. All soldiers must stay where they were. → ________________________________________________________________ 8. The belief is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Hard work leads to success. → ________________________________________________________________ 9. The mystery remains unsolved. How did the ancient civilization disappear suddenly? → ________________________________________________________________ 10. The conclusion was supported by solid data. This policy is beneficial to the environment. → ________________________________________________________________ 二、中译英：用同位语从句翻译下列句子。 1. 我们学校赢得了篮球比赛的消息很快传遍了整个校园。 → ________________________________________________________________ 2. 他能否按时完成任务这个问题仍然没有答案。 → ________________________________________________________________ 3. 她从未出过国这一事实让她的朋友们感到惊讶。 → ________________________________________________________________ 4. 我对他为什么突然辞职一无所知。 → ________________________________________________________________ 5. 我们应该立即采取行动的建议是由经理提出的。 → ________________________________________________________________ 6. 那位著名科学家已经离开这个国家的谣言被证明是假的。 → ________________________________________________________________ 7. 所有乘客必须在起飞前关闭手机的命令得到了严格执行。 → ________________________________________________________________ 8. 失败是成功之母的信念激励了无数人。 → ________________________________________________________________ 9. 人类有朝一日将生活在火星上的可能性已经不再是纯粹的科幻小说。 → ________________________________________________________________ 10. 毫无疑问，全球变暖正在加剧。 → ________________________________________________________________ 三、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的连接词，使短文完整、通顺。每空仅填一词，所填词用于引导同位语从句。 A Lesson from Failure Last Friday, our class received the news 1 we had lost the inter-school debate competition. Everyone felt disappointed. However, our teacher told us a fact 2 losing does not mean the end of the world. She shared a belief 3 hard work and reflection can turn failure into success. Then came a question 4 we should do next. Some students had no idea 5 they could improve their debating skills. The teacher gave us a suggestion 6 we should watch videos of excellent debates and learn from them. She also expressed her hope 7 every one of us would keep a positive attitude. Later, our team captain raised a doubt 8 we would have another chance to compete this term. The teacher’s answer was clear. She pointed out a simple truth 9 success favors those who never give up. Finally, we reached a conclusion 10 we would practice twice a week and aim for the next competition. 四、用what或that填空。 Finding What Matters Most As a senior three student, I used to believe 1 grades were everything. However, after a heart-to-heart talk with my headteacher, I came to realize 2 a narrow view I had held. She told me 3 really counts is not the ranking, but the growth along the way. I still remember 4 she said that day: "Your value is not determined by a single exam." Those words made me reflect on 5 I had been so anxious about. Gradually, I understood 6 she meant — I had been focusing too much on results rather than the learning process itself. Now, I am no longer 7 I used to be — a student who stayed up late just to get higher scores. Instead, I have come to appreciate 8 a wonderful journey learning can be. My teacher also shared 9 little experience she had gained from her own school years, which inspired me deeply. Today, I have no doubt 10 perseverance and a positive attitude will lead me to a brighter future. After all, what truly matters is not where you are now, but the direction you are heading. 一、真题再现 1.（2020·天津卷）There is no doubt ______ he is qualified for the job. A. that B. whether C. which D. what 2. (2021·浙江卷改编) The fact ______ he has made great progress in English surprises us. A. that B. which C. what D. why 3.（2022·全国甲卷）I have no idea ______ he managed to finish the work in such a short time. A. that B. how C. why D. when 4.（2023·新高考I卷模拟）The question ______ we should carry out the plan will be discussed tomorrow. A. whether B. that C. what D. which 5.（2019·江苏卷）The suggestion ______ the meeting be postponed was rejected. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 二、听力理解（听中学语法） 听下面一段对话，回答1-2小题。 1. What is the news mentioned in the conversation? A. The school will hold a Science and Technology Festival next month. B. Many students are already working on projects. C. The opening ceremony has been canceled. 2. What doubt does the woman have? A. Whether they have enough time to prepare. B. Who will be responsible for the opening ceremony. C. Why the announcement hasn’t been made. 听下面一段独白，回答第3至第6题。从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 3. What happened to the author’s maths? A. He fell behind. B. He improved quickly. C. He stayed unchanged. 4. What does the art teacher believe about success? A. Talent matters most. B. Hard work is useless. C. Perseverance is key. 5. How does the author feel about his future at the end? A. Uncertain but hopeful. B. Completely confident. C. Worried about failure. 6. What is the main idea of the story? A. How to improve maths. B. The power of perseverance. C. The importance of talent. 三、同位语从句在写作中的应用 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办以“科技改变生活”为主题的征文活动。请你给英语报投稿，写一篇短文，内容包括： 1. 介绍一个科技产品如何改变了你的学习或生活； 2. 谈谈你对科技发展的看法。 词数80左右。 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 同位语从句 （解析版） 一、定义 同位语从句是在复合句中用作同位语的从句，它通常跟在某些抽象名词（如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, thought, promise, conclusion, evidence等）之后，对该名词的内容进行解释、说明或具体化。 基本结构：抽象名词 + 连接词 + 同位语从句 例：We heard the news that our team had won.（我们听到消息：我们队赢了。） There is no doubt that he is honest.（毫无疑问他是诚实的。） 二、引导同位语从句的连接词 连词 意义及作用 例句 that 无意义，只起连接作用（不可省略） I believe the fact that he is innocent. whether “是否”（不用 if） The question whether we should go remains. what 多种意思（见下文） I have no idea what he is doing. who 谁 The problem who should go hasn’t been solved. which 哪一个…… The question which way is shorter matters. when 什么时候 I have no idea when she will come. where 哪里 Do you know the place where she lives?（注意：此处where既可能引导定语从句也可能引导同位语从句，取决于先行词是否为抽象地点名词。典型同位语：The question where we should go is still open.） why 为什么 There is no reason why he did that. how 然后，怎样 I have no idea how he solved the problem. whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever / wherever / however 无论…… I will support the view whatever he decides is right.（少见，一般用that） 最常用：that（陈述事实）、whether（是否）、wh- 疑问词（表达疑问内容）。 三、如何确定同位语从句的连词？ 情况 选用连词 示例 从句结构完整，陈述事实 that The fact that she is honest is known. 从句结构完整，表示“是否” whether The doubt whether he will come exists. 从句缺少主语/宾语/表语/定语 连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose I have no idea what he wants. 从句缺少状语 连接副词：when, where, why, how The question why he left remains. 四、常见同位语从句句型 1. 名词 + that 从句（最常见的基本型） We heard the news that the flight was delayed. 主干：We heard the news. 从句：that the flight was delayed 完整解释了“news”到底是什么事。 常见名词：fact, news, idea, hope, belief, doubt, suggestion, promise, truth 等。 特殊固定搭配（there is no doubt / question）： There is no doubt that he will succeed. 解析：这是典型的固定句型。that 引导的是“doubt”的同位语，说明“毫无疑问”的具体内容。 语法考点（重要！）：在 否定句 和 疑问句 中，doubt 后面接 that；但在 肯定句 中，doubt 后面通常接whether（如：There is some doubt whether he will come. / There is no doubt that your answer is wrong.）。 虚拟语气考点：表示“建议”等名词后的同位语从句，从句谓语需用 (should) + 动词原形。例如The suggestion that the meeting (should) be postponed.（suggestion 的具体内容）。 2. 同位语从句与主句分隔（分隔式同位语） 结构：名词 + 谓语动词（短） + that 从句（长） 为什么分隔？为了避免句子“头重脚轻”（主语名词后的定语太长，谓语太短），把长长的同位语从句后移到谓语后面。 经典例句：The rumor spread that a new school would be built. 正常语序（未分隔）：The rumor that a new school would be built spread.（主语太长，谓语太短，读起来别扭） 分隔后语序：The rumor spread（主谓完成）+ that a new school would be built（解释 rumor 的内容）。 常见触发动词：spread（传播）、arose（出现）、came（传来）等不及物动词。例如：The news came that our team had won. 3. 疑问词（wh-）引导的同位语从句 结构：抽象名词（表“未知信息”） + 连接代词/副词（what, where, when, who, whether, how 等） + 陈述语序。 适用名词：idea, question, problem, doubt, uncertainty, (have no) idea 等，这些词本身包含“未知、疑问”的含义。 例句解析：I have no idea where she lives. 主干：I have no idea. 从句：where she lives 是 idea 的具体内容（她住的地方在哪）。 考点提醒：同位语从句必须用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），不能说 where does she live。 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别 区别点 同位语从句 定语从句 作用 解释说明前面名词的内容 修饰限定前面名词的特征, 与先行项的关系为修饰限定、或补充说明的关系 that 作用 只起连接作用，无意义，不作成分 that 是关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语 that 可否省略 不可省略 作宾语时可省略 前面名词 通常是抽象名词（news, fact, idea等） 可以是任何名词（具体或抽象） 从句完整性 从句一般完整（除wh-疑问词外） 从句缺少成分（关系词代替先行词） 对比示例： The news that he won the game is true.（同位语从句，news 的内容就是“他赢了比赛”，从句完整） The news that/which he told me is true.（定语从句，news 是told的宾语，从句缺少宾语） 六、what在名词性从句中的用法总结 用法 1：表示“疑问”——“什么”（保留疑问意味） 功能：引导间接疑问句，表达“未知的、不确定的具体事物”，通常翻译为“什么”。 例句1：I don’t know what she is drawing. 解析：what 在宾语从句中作 drawing 的宾语。从句语序为陈述句语序（what + 主语 + 谓语），不能说what is she drawing。 用法 2：表示“多么”（感叹句结构作宾语从句） 功能：引导感叹性的宾语从句，what 作定语修饰其后的名词（或名词短语），表达强烈的感叹、惊讶或赞叹。翻译为“多么……啊！”。 核心结构公式：what + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语 例句 1：I realized what a great mistake I had made. 解析：what a great mistake I had made 整体作 realized 的宾语从句。what 在此不作主语或宾语（made 的宾语是 mistake），而是作 定语 修饰 mistake，感叹这个错误“多么大”。全句意为“我意识到自己犯了一个多么大的错误。” 例句 2：You can hardly imagine what difficulty we had in climbing the mountain. 解析：what difficulty we had 作 imagine 的宾语从句。what 修饰不可数名词 difficulty（此处不用 what a），感叹“多么大的困难”。从句内部 had 的宾语是 difficulty，what 只负责加强感叹语气。意为“你几乎想象不到我们爬山时遇到了多大的困难。” 用法 3：表示“……的事情 / ……的东西”（等同于 the thing(s) that） 功能：这是 what 最基础、最常见的用法。它不含疑问意味，而是指代一个具体或抽象的事物。 例句1：What you said just now hurt my feelings. 解析：What you said = The thing that you said。what 在从句中作 said 的宾语，指代“你说过的那番话”。 例句2：This is what I bought yesterday. 解析：what I bought = the thing that I bought，作表语。what 在从句中作 bought 的宾语。 用法 4：表示“……的一切 / 所有的……”（等同于 all that / everything that） 功能：强调全部涵盖，带有“全部、彻底”的语义，情感色彩比用法 3 更重。 例句1：What he has done for this family is beyond words. 解析：此时 what 不仅指“事情”，更强调“他所做的一切（所有事）”，等同于 Everything that he has done。 例句2：A real friend gives you what you truly need, not what you want. 解析：前半句强调“真正需要的一切”，语义范围比单纯的“the thing”更广、更绝对。 用法 5：表示“……的人 / ……的样子或身份”（等同于 the person that） 功能：what 不仅指物，也可以指代人，但通常指人的职业、身份、角色、状态或前后变化，而非指具体的某个人名（指人名用 who）。 例句1：She is no longer what she was ten years ago. 解析：what she was = the person that she was，指“她十年前的那个样子/状态”。强调身份状态的变化。 例句2：He is not what you think he is. 解析：what 在从句中作 is 的表语，指“你心目中认为的那个（人）”。 用法 6：表示“……的价值 /……的作用 / ……的地位”（作表语，固定感强） 功能：在表语从句中，what 常用于强调本质属性、价值意义或应有的地位。 例句1：True happiness is what money cannot buy. 解析：这里 what 不只指“东西”，而是强调“金钱买不到的那种价值/性质”。 例句2：That is what really matters. 解析：what 作 matters 的主语，指“真正重要的东西/价值”。这是写作中的高分句式（what matters is...）。 用法 7：融合“介词 + 关系代词”，暗含“地点/时间/价格”等抽象背景 功能：虽然 what 本身不作状语，但当 what 引导的名词性从句作介词宾语，或者上下文暗示“背景”时，它可以将 the place that / the time that / the price that 等融合进去。 例句1：This museum is not far from what used to be a factory. 解析：what used to be a factory = the place that used to be a factory。what 在从句中作主语，但整个从句暗示了“地点”。 例句2：I spent what little time I had with my family. 解析：特殊结构 what little + 名词，表示“仅有的那一点点……”。what little time = the small amount of time that，强调数量之少。 例句3：The boy was saved by what looked like a miracle. 解析：what looked like... 指代“一种看起来像……的情景/东西”，暗含整个情境。 七、 what对比 that 对比点 what that（引导名词性从句） 在从句中是否作成分 必须作主语、宾语或表语 不作任何成分，仅起连接作用 是否有词义 有词义（...的事情/人/价值等） 无词义 能否省略 绝对不能省略 在宾语从句中可以省略（但建议不省） 经典对比练习： I believe that he is honest.（that不作成分，只连接，可省） I believe what he said.（what作said的宾语，不能省，意为“他说的话”） 一、单项选择：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The news ______ our team had won the championship soon spread across the whole school. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 2. I have no doubt ______ he will pass the driving test; he has been practicing for 2 months. A. whether B. that C. if D. which 3. The question ______ we should take immediate action or wait for further instructions remains unanswered. A. that B. what C. whether D. which 4. The fact ______ he lied to his parents made his father extremely disappointed. A. why B. that C. which D. what 5. The suggestion ______ we start the project right away was put forward by the manager. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 6. I have no idea ______ he managed to finish the marathon with a broken leg. A. how B. what C. that D. which 7. The belief ______ hard work leads to success is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. A. what B. which C. that D. whether 8. The problem ______ we can get enough clean water in this desert area is very serious. A. what B. that C. where D. how 9. The order ______ all soldiers should stay where they were was given by the general. A. what B. which C. that D. when 10. The rumor ______ the famous actor would retire from the film industry turned out to be false. A. what B. which C. that D. whether 答案与解析 1. 答案：C 解析： 同位语从句说明“news”的具体内容，从句“our team had won the championship”结构完整，不缺少任何成分，用 that 引导。 2. 答案：B 解析： 在“have no doubt”结构中，doubt 用于否定句，同位语从句用 that 引导，表示“毫无疑问……”。whether 表示“是否”，与否定式 doubt 矛盾。 3. 答案：C 解析： 同位语从句中有“or not”提示（immediate action or wait...），表示两种选择，因此用 whether 引导，意为“是否”。 4. 答案：B 解析： 同位语从句说明“fact”的具体内容，从句“he lied to his parents”结构完整，用 that 引导。 5. 答案：C 解析： 同位语从句说明“suggestion”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。注意：suggestion 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省略）。 6. 答案：A 解析： 同位语从句说明“idea”的具体内容，从句中缺少方式状语（how he managed...），意为“他是如何做到的”，故用 how 引导。 7. 答案：C 解析： 同位语从句说明“belief”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 8. 答案：D 解析： 同位语从句说明“problem”的具体内容，从句中缺少方式状语（how we can get...），表示“如何获得”，故用 how 引导。 9. 答案：C 解析： 同位语从句说明“order”的具体内容，从句“all soldiers should stay where they were”结构完整，用 that 引导。注意：order 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形，should 可省略）。 10. 答案：C 解析： 同位语从句说明“rumor”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 二、单句语法填空: 在空白处填入一个适当的连接词，使句子完整正确。 1. The fact ______ he had never received any formal training in music made his success even more remarkable. 2. There is some doubt ______ the company will survive the current financial crisis，so we are all worried about its future. 3. The question ______ caused the accident has not been answered yet. 4. The doctor came to the conclusion ______ the patient’s illness was caused by long-term stress. 5. I have no idea ______ the lost key is; I searched every corner of the house. 6. The hope ______ he would return to his homeland never faded in his heart. 7. The warning ______ the dam might collapse at any moment forced the villagers to evacuate immediately. 8. The argument ______ we should invest more money in education sounds reasonable, but we need to consider the budget. 9. The mystery ______ the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly still puzzles historians today. 10. The possibility ______ humans will one day live on Mars is no longer pure science fiction. 答案与解析 1. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“fact”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 2. 答案：whether 解析： 在“There is some doubt”肯定句中，doubt 后的同位语从句通常用 whether 引导，表示“是否”。补充说明：doubt that 表示“怀疑……不会”（倾向于否定），doubt whether 表示“不确定是否”（中立）。本题无明确否定倾向，故用 whether 更常见。 3. 答案：what 解析： 同位语从句说明“question”的具体内容，从句中缺少主语（___ caused the accident），指物，用 what 引导。 4. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“conclusion”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 5. 答案：where 解析： 同位语从句说明“idea”的具体内容，从句中缺少地点状语（is在哪里），用 where 引导。 6. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“hope”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 7. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“warning”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 8. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“argument”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 9. 答案：why 解析： 同位语从句说明“mystery”的具体内容，从句中缺少原因状语（为什么消失），用 why 引导。 10. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“possibility”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 三、用同位语从句完成句子 1. The news ____________________________________（我们学校赢得了篮球锦标赛）excited every student. 2. I have no idea ____________________________________（他为什么突然辞去了那份高薪工作）. 3. The fact ____________________________________（他从未读过这本经典小说）surprised all his classmates. 4. The question ____________________________________（我们是否应该接受这个邀请）remains to be discussed. 5. The belief ____________________________________（失败是成功之母）has motivated countless people. 6. The order ____________________________________（所有乘客必须在起飞前关闭手机）was strictly enforced. 7. The rumor ____________________________________（那位著名科学家已经离开了这个国家）proved to be completely false. 8. The possibility ____________________________________（人工智能将来会超越人类智慧）is a hot topic among scientists. 9. The conclusion ____________________________________（这项政策对环境有益）was supported by solid data. 10. There is no doubt ____________________________________（全球变暖正在加剧）. 答案与解析 1. 答案： that our school had won the basketball championship 解析： 同位语从句说明“news”的内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。时态：主句 excited 为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。 2. 答案： why he suddenly quit that well-paid job 解析： 同位语从句说明“idea”的内容，从句缺少原因状语，用 why 引导。注意陈述语序。 3. 答案： that he had never read this classic novel 解析： 同位语从句说明“fact”的内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。时态用过去完成时。 4. 答案： whether we should accept this invitation 解析： 同位语从句表示“是否”，用 whether 引导（不用 if）。 5. 答案： that failure is the mother of success 解析： 同位语从句说明“belief”的内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。谚语用一般现在时。 6. 答案： that all passengers (should) turn off their mobile phones before take-off 解析： 同位语从句说明“order”的内容，用 that 引导，从句谓语用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。 7. 答案： that the famous scientist had left the country 解析： 同位语从句说明“rumor”的内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。时态用过去完成时。 8. 答案： that artificial intelligence will one day surpass human intelligence 解析： 同位语从句说明“possibility”的内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 9. 答案： that this policy is beneficial to the environment 解析： 同位语从句说明“conclusion”的内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 10. 答案： that global warming is intensifying / that global warming is getting worse 解析： 在“There is no doubt”否定结构中，doubt 后的同位语从句用 that 引导，表示“毫无疑问……”。 一、句型转换：将下面每组中的两个简单句合并成一个含有同位语从句的复合句。 1. The news was exciting. Our school had won the basketball championship. → ________________________________________________________________ 2. He put forward a suggestion. We should start the project immediately. → ________________________________________________________________ 3. The fact surprised everyone. He had never received any formal training in music. → ________________________________________________________________ 4. There is a question. Will the company survive the current financial crisis? → ________________________________________________________________ 5. I have no idea. Where has he hidden the key? → ________________________________________________________________ 6. The rumor spread quickly. The famous actor would retire from the film industry. → ________________________________________________________________ 7. The order was given by the general. All soldiers must stay where they were. → ________________________________________________________________ 8. The belief is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Hard work leads to success. → ________________________________________________________________ 9. The mystery remains unsolved. How did the ancient civilization disappear suddenly? → ________________________________________________________________ 10. The conclusion was supported by solid data. This policy is beneficial to the environment. → ________________________________________________________________ 答案及解析 1. 答案： The news that our school had won the basketball championship was exciting. 解析： 同位语从句说明“the news”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。时态：主句过去时，从句用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。 2. 答案： He put forward a suggestion that we (should) start the project immediately. 解析： 同位语从句说明“suggestion”的具体内容，用 that 引导。suggestion 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 3. 答案： The fact that he had never received any formal training in music surprised everyone. 解析： 同位语从句说明“fact”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。时态：主句过去时，从句用过去完成时。 4. 答案： There is a question whether the company will survive the current financial crisis. 解析： 同位语从句表示“是否”，用 whether 引导（不能用 if）。注意将原疑问句语序改为陈述语序（will the company → the company will）。 5. 答案： I have no idea where he has hidden the key. 解析： 同位语从句说明“idea”的具体内容，从句缺少地点状语，用 where 引导。注意将原疑问句语序改为陈述语序（where has he hidden → where he has hidden），不可写成 where has he hidden。 6. 答案： The rumor that the famous actor would retire from the film industry spread quickly. 解析： 同位语从句说明“rumor”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 7. 答案： The order that all soldiers (should) stay where they were was given by the general. 解析： 同位语从句说明“order”的具体内容，用 that 引导。order 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。原句中的“must stay”改为“(should) stay”更符合名词性从句的虚拟语气规范；也可保留 must（that all soldiers must stay...），但虚拟语气更常见于高考。 8. 答案： The belief that hard work leads to success is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. 解析： 同位语从句说明“belief”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。谚语用一般现在时。 9. 答案： The mystery how the ancient civilization disappeared suddenly remains unsolved. 解析： 同位语从句说明“mystery”的具体内容，从句缺少方式状语，用 how 引导。注意将原疑问句语序改为陈述语序（how did... disappear → how... disappeared）。 10. 答案： The conclusion that this policy is beneficial to the environment was supported by solid data. 解析： 同位语从句说明“conclusion”的具体内容，从句结构完整，用 that 引导。 二、中译英：用同位语从句翻译下列句子。 1. 我们学校赢得了篮球比赛的消息很快传遍了整个校园。 → ________________________________________________________________ 2. 他能否按时完成任务这个问题仍然没有答案。 → ________________________________________________________________ 3. 她从未出过国这一事实让她的朋友们感到惊讶。 → ________________________________________________________________ 4. 我对他为什么突然辞职一无所知。 → ________________________________________________________________ 5. 我们应该立即采取行动的建议是由经理提出的。 → ________________________________________________________________ 6. 那位著名科学家已经离开这个国家的谣言被证明是假的。 → ________________________________________________________________ 7. 所有乘客必须在起飞前关闭手机的命令得到了严格执行。 → ________________________________________________________________ 8. 失败是成功之母的信念激励了无数人。 → ________________________________________________________________ 9. 人类有朝一日将生活在火星上的可能性已经不再是纯粹的科幻小说。 → ________________________________________________________________ 10. 毫无疑问，全球变暖正在加剧。 → ________________________________________________________________ 答案及解析 1. 答案： The news that our school had won the basketball championship soon spread across the whole campus. 解析： 同位语从句说明“news”的具体内容，用 that 引导。时态：主句 spread（过去时），从句用过去完成时。 2. 答案： The question whether he can finish the task on time remains unanswered. 解析： 同位语从句表示“是否”，用 whether 引导（不能用 if）。注意陈述语序。 3. 答案： The fact that she had never been abroad surprised her friends. 解析： 同位语从句说明“fact”的具体内容，用 that 引导。时态：主句过去时，从句可用现在完成时强调“从未”的经历。 4. 答案： I have no idea why he suddenly resigned. 解析： 同位语从句说明“idea”的内容，缺少原因状语，用 why 引导。注意陈述语序（why he suddenly resigned，不可写成 why did he resign）。 5. 答案： The suggestion that we (should) take immediate action was put forward by the manager. 解析： 同位语从句说明“suggestion”的内容，用 that 引导。suggestion 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 6. 答案： The rumor that the famous scientist had left the country turned out to be false. 解析： 同位语从句说明“rumor”的内容，用 that 引导。时态：主句过去时，从句用过去完成时（过去的过去）。 7. 答案： The order that all passengers (should) turn off their mobile phones before take-off was strictly enforced. 解析： 同位语从句说明“order”的内容，用 that 引导。order 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。 8. 答案： The belief that failure is the mother of success has motivated countless people. 解析： 同位语从句说明“belief”的内容，用 that 引导。谚语用一般现在时。 9. 答案： The possibility that humans will one day live on Mars is no longer pure science fiction. 解析： 同位语从句说明“possibility”的内容，用 that 引导。将来时用 will。 10. 答案： There is no doubt that global warming is intensifying. 解析： 在“There is no doubt”结构中，doubt 后的同位语从句用 that 引导，表示“毫无疑问”（否定句不用 whether）。 三、语法填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的连接词，使短文完整、通顺。每空仅填一词，所填词用于引导同位语从句。 A Lesson from Failure Last Friday, our class received the news 1 we had lost the inter-school debate competition. Everyone felt disappointed. However, our teacher told us a fact 2 losing does not mean the end of the world. She shared a belief 3 hard work and reflection can turn failure into success. Then came a question 4 we should do next. Some students had no idea 5 they could improve their debating skills. The teacher gave us a suggestion 6 we should watch videos of excellent debates and learn from them. She also expressed her hope 7 every one of us would keep a positive attitude. Later, our team captain raised a doubt 8 we would have another chance to compete this term. The teacher’s answer was clear. She pointed out a simple truth 9 success favors those who never give up. Finally, we reached a conclusion 10 we would practice twice a week and aim for the next competition. 答案及解析 1. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“news”的具体内容，从句“we had lost...”结构完整，用 that 引导。 2. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“fact”的具体内容，从句“losing does not mean...”结构完整，用 that 引导。 3. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“belief”的具体内容，从句“hard work and reflection can turn...”结构完整，用 that 引导。 4. 答案：what 解析： 同位语从句说明“question”的具体内容，从句中缺少“do”的宾语（what we should do），故用 what 引导。若填 that，则 do 缺少宾语，语法错误。 5. 答案：how 解析： 同位语从句说明“idea”的具体内容，从句缺少方式状语（how they could improve...），用 how 引导。若填 that，则从句缺少“如何提升”的方式信息，语义不完整。 6. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“suggestion”的具体内容，从句“we should watch videos...”结构完整，用 that 引导。注意：suggestion 后的同位语从句常用虚拟语气（should），此处已包含 should。 7. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“hope”的具体内容，从句“every one of us would keep...”结构完整，用 that 引导。 8. 答案：whether 解析： 同位语从句说明“doubt”的具体内容，表示“是否”（我们是否还有机会），用 whether 引导。注意：doubt 用于肯定句时，同位语从句常用 whether（表示“不确定是否”）；若用 that，则意为“怀疑……不会”，与上下文语境不符。 9. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“truth”的具体内容，从句“success favors those...”结构完整，用 that 引导。 10. 答案：that 解析： 同位语从句说明“conclusion”的具体内容，从句“we would practice twice a week...”结构完整，用 that 引导。 四、用what或that填空。 Finding What Matters Most As a senior three student, I used to believe 1 grades were everything. However, after a heart-to-heart talk with my headteacher, I came to realize 2 a narrow view I had held. She told me 3 really counts is not the ranking, but the growth along the way. I still remember 4 she said that day: "Your value is not determined by a single exam." Those words made me reflect on 5 I had been so anxious about. Gradually, I understood 6 she meant — I had been focusing too much on results rather than the learning process itself. Now, I am no longer 7 I used to be — a student who stayed up late just to get higher scores. Instead, I have come to appreciate 8 a wonderful journey learning can be. My teacher also shared 9 little experience she had gained from her own school years, which inspired me deeply. Today, I have no doubt 10 perseverance and a positive attitude will lead me to a brighter future. After all, what truly matters is not where you are now, but the direction you are heading. 参考答案 1. that 2. what 3. what 4. what 5. what 6. what 7. what 8. what 9. what 10. that 详细解析 第1题：that 考点：that 引导宾语从句（what/that 区别） 解析：I used to believe (that) grades were everything. —— that 在此引导宾语从句，作 believe 的宾语。that 在从句中不作任何成分，仅起连接作用，且无词义。本句 grades 是主语，were 是系动词，everything 是表语，从句结构完整，因此用 that。书面语中建议保留。 错误排除：若填 what，则 what 在从句中无成分可作（were 已有表语 everything），语法错误。 第2题：what（用法2：感叹结构作宾语从句） 考点：what 引导感叹性宾语从句 解析：what a narrow view I had held 整体作 realize 的宾语从句。what 在此作定语修饰 view，感叹“多么狭隘的看法”。结构为 what + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语。 错误排除：若填 how，则结构应为 how narrow a view（how 修饰形容词 narrow），但原文是 ___ a narrow view，因此只能是 what。 第3题：what（用法6：表示"...的价值/意义"） 考点：what 引导主语从句 解析：what really counts 作主语从句，what 在从句中作 counts 的主语，指代“真正重要的东西/价值”。What really counts is... 是写作高频句式。 错误排除：若填 that，则 that really counts 缺少主语（that 不作成分），无法构成完整的主语从句。 第4题：what（用法1：表示"疑问"——"什么"） 考点：what 引导宾语从句，保留疑问意味 解析：what she said that day 作 remember 的宾语。what 在从句中作 said 的宾语，指“她说的（什么）”，保留了疑问色彩。 错误排除：若填 that，则 said 缺少宾语，句意不完整（她说了？说了什么？）。 第5题：what（用法3：表示"...的事情/东西"） 考点：what 引导宾语从句（介词后） 解析：what I had been so anxious about 作介词 on 的宾语。what 在从句中作 about 的宾语，指代“我一直焦虑的那些事情”。等同于 the things that I had been so anxious about。 错误排除：若填 that，则 that 不能作 about 的宾语，介词后缺宾语，语法错误。 第6题：what（用法3：表示"...的事情/东西"） 考点：what 引导宾语从句，指代抽象事物 解析：what she meant 作 understood 的宾语。what 在从句中作 meant 的宾语，指代“她所指的那些话/意思”。等同于 the thing that she meant。 错误排除：同第4空，meant 缺少宾语，必须用 what。 第7题：what（用法5：表示"...的人/样子/身份"） 考点：what 引导表语从句，指人的状态/身份 解析：what I used to be 作表语从句。what 在从句中作 be 的表语，指代“我过去的那个样子/那种人”。强调身份和状态的变化。 错误排除：若填 who，则 who 指具体人名（“我曾经是谁”），与语境“状态变化”不符。此处不是问名字，而是问“什么样的人”。 第8题：what（用法2：感叹结构作宾语从句） 考点：what 引导感叹性宾语从句 解析：what a wonderful journey learning can be 作 appreciate 的宾语。what 作定语修饰 journey，感叹“学习可以是一段多么美妙的旅程”。结构为 what + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语。 错误排除：若填 how，则结构应为 how wonderful a journey...，但原文是 ___ a wonderful journey...，因此只能是 what。 第9题：what（用法4：表示"...的一切/仅有的..."） 考点：what 引导宾语从句，固定结构 what little + 名词解析：what little experience she had gained 作 shared 的宾语。what little 表示“仅有的那一点点（经验）”，等同于 the small amount of experience that。what 在此作限定词/定语修饰 experience。这是高考高频考点。 错误排除：若填 that，则 that little experience 语法上虽成立，但语义错误（“那一丁点经历”，是特指已知的），且 what little 结构强调“虽少但全部”，与上下文“从学生时代获得”的语境更契合。 第10题：that（同位语从句 + what/that 区别） 考点：that 引导同位语从句，固定搭配 have no doubt that... 解析：that perseverance... will lead... 作 doubt 的同位语从句，说明“怀疑”的具体内容。that 在从句中不作任何成分，仅起连接作用。语法规则：doubt 用于否定句（have no doubt）和疑问句时，其后接 that；用于肯定句时接 whether。 错误排除：若填 whether，则违背“否定句 + doubt 接 that”的固定规则。若填 what，则从句结构完整（perseverance 作主语），缺少成分。 一、真题再现 1.（2020·天津卷）There is no doubt ______ he is qualified for the job. A. that B. whether C. which D. what 句意：毫无疑问，他能胜任这份工作。 答案： A. that 解析：本题考查同位语从句。在“There is no doubt”结构中，doubt后的同位语从句用that引导，构成固定句型“There is no doubt that...”，意为“毫无疑问……”。注意：doubt用于否定句或疑问句时，从句用that；用于肯定句时，常用whether。本题为否定句（no doubt），故选that。 2. (2021·浙江卷改编) The fact ______ he has made great progress in English surprises us. A. that B. which C. what D. why 句意：他在英语方面取得了巨大进步这一事实让我们感到惊讶。 答案： A. that 解析：本题考查同位语从句。从句“he has made great progress in English”结构完整，不缺少任何成分，说明“fact”（事实）的具体内容。同位语从句中，结构完整的陈述句用that引导，that只起连接作用，不作成分。which表示选择，what需在从句中充当成分，why表原因，均不符合。 3.（2022·全国甲卷）I have no idea ______ he managed to finish the work in such a short time. A. that B. how C. why D. when 句意：我不知道他是如何在这么短的时间内完成这项工作的。 答案： B. how 解析：本题考查同位语从句。从句“he managed to finish the work in such a short time”结构完整，但缺少方式状语，意为“他是如何做到的”。因此用how引导，表示方式。that引导陈述事实（“他完成了”），与“不知道”语境不符；why表原因（“为什么完成”），when表时间（“何时完成”），均不符合句意。 4.（2023·新高考I卷模拟）The question ______ we should carry out the plan will be discussed tomorrow. A. whether B. that C. what D. which 句意：我们是否应该执行这项计划的问题将在明天讨论。 答案：A. whether 解析：本题考查同位语从句。从句表示“是否执行计划”，需要表达两种可能性。同位语从句中表示“是否”只能用whether，不能用if。that引导陈述事实，what指事物，which表示选择（需有明确范围），均不能表达“是否”的含义。 5.（2019·江苏卷）The suggestion ______ the meeting be postponed was rejected. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 句意：推迟会议的建议被否决了。 答案: A. that 解析：本题考查同位语从句及虚拟语气。从句“the meeting be postponed”结构完整，说明“suggestion”（建议）的具体内容。表示“建议、命令、要求”等名词后的同位语从句，用that引导，且从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”，此处“be postponed”即省略了should的虚拟语气。which、what、whether均不符合。 二、听力理解（听中学语法） 听下面一段对话，回答1-2小题。 1. What is the news mentioned in the conversation? A. The school will hold a Science and Technology Festival next month. B. Many students are already working on projects. C. The opening ceremony has been canceled. 答案：A（解析：男士明确说“the news that our school will hold...”） 2. What doubt does the woman have? A. Whether they have enough time to prepare. B. Who will be responsible for the opening ceremony. C. Why the announcement hasn’t been made. 答案：A（解析：女士说“I have a doubt whether we have enough time to prepare.”） 对话文本（录音材料） M: Have you heard the news? W: What news? M: The news that our school will hold a Science and Technology Festival next month. W: Really? But I have a doubt whether we have enough time to prepare. M: Don’t worry. The fact that many students are already working on projects is encouraging. W: That’s true. But the question who will be responsible for the opening ceremony hasn’t been answered. M: I have no idea why they haven’t announced it yet. W: Anyway, the thought that this festival can inspire our creativity makes me excited. 听下面一段独白，回答第3至第6题。从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 3. What happened to the author’s maths? A. He fell behind. B. He improved quickly. C. He stayed unchanged. 4. What does the art teacher believe about success? A. Talent matters most. B. Hard work is useless. C. Perseverance is key. 5. How does the author feel about his future at the end? A. Uncertain but hopeful. B. Completely confident. C. Worried about failure. 6. What is the main idea of the story? A. How to improve maths. B. The power of perseverance. C. The importance of talent. 详细解析 3. 正确选项：细节理解题 题干分析： 问作者在数学方面发生了什么情况，需要从录音中直接找到对应信息。 依据： 录音中明确提到：“The truth that I had fallen behind in maths made me feel anxious.”（我在数学上落后了这一事实让我感到焦虑。）“fell behind”与选项A完全一致，属于原文复现。 干扰项分析： B. He improved quickly. —— 录音中作者只是决定每天花两小时学数学，但没有提到“快速进步”。此外，他一开始“落后”且感到焦虑，与“快速进步”形成矛盾。该选项与原文信息相反。 C. He stayed unchanged. —— 录音明确说“fallen behind”，说明状态已经发生了变化（从跟上进度变为落后），而不是“没有变化”。该选项与原文事实不符。 4. 正确选项：C. 判断推理题 题干分析： 问艺术老师对成功的看法，需要从老师的话语中推断其观点。 依据： 老师原话是：“what really matters is not talent but perseverance.”（真正重要的不是天赋，而是毅力。）由此可以合理推断，老师认为成功的关键在于毅力（perseverance）。选项C中的“is key”与“really matters”同义转换。 干扰项分析： A. Talent matters most. —— 老师明确说“not talent”（不是天赋），直接否定了天赋最重要。该选项与原文观点相反。 B. Hard work is useless. —— 老师强调毅力（perseverance）的重要性，而毅力与勤奋努力密切相关。说“努力没用”完全违背老师的观点，属于反向干扰。录音中没有支持“努力无用”的任何信息。 5. 正确选项：判断推理题 题干分析： 问作者在结尾处对未来抱有什么感受，需要从最后一段话中推断情感态度。 依据： 结尾句：“Now, I have no idea where this journey will take me”（我不知道这段旅程会带我去哪里）—— 说明他不确定未来结果；“but I am certain of one thing that every effort counts”（但我确信每一份努力都重要）—— 说明他充满希望，相信努力有意义。两者结合即“不确定但充满希望”。 干扰项分析： B. Completely confident. —— 文中说“I have no idea”，表明他并非完全自信，而是对未来结果不确定。该选项以偏概全。 C. Worried about failure. —— 虽然作者之前有过焦虑和害怕犯错的情绪，但结尾处他做出了决定并相信每份努力都重要，整体语气积极向上，没有表现出对失败的担心。该选项与最后一段的情感基调不符。 6. 正确选项：B. 主旨大意题 题干分析： 问这篇故事的主要思想是什么，需要从整体上把握作者的经历和感悟。 依据： 全文核心情节：作者因数学落后而焦虑 → 老师告诉他“真正重要的是毅力而非天赋” → 作者克服恐惧、做出计划 → 最终相信勇敢追梦不是浪费时间的。整篇文章反复强调毅力、坚持、不放弃的重要性，尤其是老师的教诲和作者最后的结论都指向“毅力的力量”。 干扰项分析： A. How to improve maths. —— 文中作者确实决定每天花两小时学数学，但这只是一个具体例子，不是全文主旨。文章更多讨论的是面对困难时的态度和信念，而非“如何提高数学”的方法说明。 C. The importance of talent. —— 老师明确说“not talent”，作者也没有强调天赋的作用。全文恰恰是在弱化天赋、突出努力和毅力。该选项与文章核心观点相反。 The Power of a Dream When I entered high school, I held a firm belief that hard work leads to success. However, I soon faced a question: whether I could balance my studies and my passion for painting. The truth that I had fallen behind in maths made me feel anxious. One day, my art teacher shared that what really matters is not talent but perseverance. She also told us a story about how a former student had won a national competition after countless failures. Then came a doubt about why I was so afraid of making mistakes. Another question — who would stand by me when I struggled — suddenly crossed my mind. Later, I made a decision that I would spend two hours on maths every day and one hour on painting. My parents expressed their hope that I would find my own pace. The question of which path leads to true happiness gradually became clear to me. I also began to wonder when I would see the results of my efforts. Finally, I reached a conclusion that chasing dreams bravely is never a waste of time. Now, I have no idea where this journey will take me, but I am certain of one thing: that every effort counts. 三、同位语从句在写作中的应用 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办以“科技改变生活”为主题的征文活动。请你给英语报投稿，写一篇短文，内容包括： 1. 介绍一个科技产品如何改变了你的学习或生活； 2. 谈谈你对科技发展的看法。 词数80左右。 范文 How Technology Changes My Life The fact that technology has greatly improved my study efficiency is undeniable. One good example is the online dictionary app on my phone. I still remember the news that a free dictionary app was launched two years ago. Since then, I have no doubt that it has become my best learning assistant. The idea that I can look up any word immediately without carrying a heavy book is really attractive. The truth that it also provides example sentences and pronunciation helps me learn better. The question whether we should depend too much on technology is worth thinking, but I hold the belief that it empowers us when we use it wisely. 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $