Unit 2 Great ideas（暑假单元自测）新九年级英语新教材沪教版上册

**基本信息** 沪教版新教材Unit 2 "Great ideas"单元自测卷，以历史人物与科学创意思维为核心，通过多元题型融合语言能力与文化意识培养，适配初中暑假单元巩固与素养提升。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|15题/15分|形容词最高级、冠词、时态等|以莎士比亚生平为语篇，考查语法在语境中的运用，提升语言能力| |完形填空|10题/10分|词汇辨析、上下文连贯|草船借箭故事承载文化传承，培养逻辑思维与文化意识| |阅读理解|15题/30分|细节理解、推理判断|庄子与惠子论辩、阿基米德科学贡献等文本，深化思维品质| |书面表达|1题/15分|问题解决与创意说明|要求描述改变生活的创意，综合考查叙事与说明能力，落实学习能力培养|

Unit 2 Great ideas单元自测（新教材沪教版） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、语法选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 William Shakespeare is considered one of the 1 writers in history. He spent his childhood in 2 small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. Not much is known about his early life, but we know that he 3 a good education at the local grammar school. Later, he moved to London to work in the theater. 4 plays soon became very popular with people from all social classes (阶层). He was excellent at 5 stories that interested both common people and the king. Shakespeare's plays 6 by millions of people even today. In his tragedies (悲剧), the characters often have to make 7 choices between love and duty. Besides the famous tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”, he wrote many 8 powerful plays. This particular (独特的) love story remains popular worldwide, 9 the young lovers die in the end. However, their death helps their families understand the meaning of love and forgiveness, and finally their families stop 10 with each other. Shakespeare also had a special ability 11 about human feelings. 12 he died in 1616, his works are still alive today. You can find his plays in almost every language. People around the world still enjoy 13 his plays. We must 14 this great writer for his wonderful contribution to literature (文学). Learning about his life helps us 15 his works better. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatest D．greatly 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．receives B．receive C．received D．was received 4．A．He B．Him C．His D．Himself 5．A．write B．writes C．wrote D．writing 6．A．are read B．read C．reading D．have read 7．A．difficulty B．difficult C．difficultly D．more difficult 8．A．another B．other C．others D．the others 9．A．though B．although C．even though D．even if 10．A．fight B．fought C．to fight D．fighting 11．A．write B．writing C．to write D．wrote 12．A．Because B．If C．Though D．Unless 13．A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 14．A．remember B．remembering C．remembered D．to remember 15．A．understand B．understands C．understood D．understanding 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文介绍了莎士比亚的生平、成就及其作品的影响，展现了他作为文学巨匠的地位。 1．句意：威廉・莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，因此用greatest。 2．句意：他在埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一个小镇上度过了童年。 small town是第一次出现的单数可数名词，用不定冠词a修饰。 3．句意：关于他的早年生活我们知之甚少，但我们知道他在当地语法学校接受了良好的教育。 本文叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语he和receive之间是主动关系，用received。 4．句意：他的戏剧很快受到了社会各阶层人士的欢迎。 此处修饰名词plays，需用形容词性物主代词his。 5．句意：他擅长写能吸引平民和国王的故事。be excellent at doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“擅长做某事”，因此用writing。 6．句意：即使在今天，莎士比亚的戏剧仍被数百万人阅读。主语plays和read之间是被动关系，且有“even today”表示现在的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态are read。 7．句意：在他的悲剧中，角色们常常不得不在爱与责任之间做出艰难的选择。 此处修饰名词choices，需用形容词difficult。 8．句意：除了著名的悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，他还写了许多其他强有力的戏剧。 many other+复数名词表示“许多其他的……”，other后可接名词。 9．句意：这个独特的爱情故事在全世界仍然很受欢迎，尽管年轻的恋人最后死了。根据语境，前后句为转折关系，用even though。 10．句意：然而，他们的死亡帮助家人理解爱与宽恕的意义，最终他们的家人停止了互相争斗。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，因此用fighting。 11．句意：莎士比亚还有一种特殊的能力，能够写出关于人类情感的作品。ability to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的能力”，因此用to write。 12．句意：尽管他于 1616 年去世，但他的作品至今仍鲜活。前后句为转折关系，用though引导让步状语从句。 13．句意：世界各地的人们仍然喜欢阅读他的戏剧。enjoy doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”，因此用reading。 14．句意：我们必须记住这位为文学做出杰出贡献的伟大作家。must是情态动词，后接动词原形remember。 15．句意：了解他的生平有助于我们更好地理解他的作品。help sb. (to) do sth.是固定搭配，表示“帮助某人做某事”，因此用understand。 二 、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从各题的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 Long, long ago, there was a very smart man named Zhuge Liang. One day, another general, Zhou Yu, gave him a very difficult task. He asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days. Zhou Yu believed this was 16 and wanted to see Zhuge Liang fail. However, Zhuge Liang said he could do it in just three days and made a 17 . Everyone was very surprised. He then told his men to 18 twenty boats with many straw men on them. On the third day, there was heavy fog on the river early in the morning. Zhuge Liang 19 ordered his men to move the boats towards the enemy camp. When they got close, the soldiers beat drums and shouted 20 . The enemy heard the noise but could see nothing in the thick fog. They became 21 and 22 shooting arrows towards the sound. Soon, thousands of arrows hit the straw men. Zhuge Liang’s great plan 23 . He then asked his men to turn the boats around. When they returned, they brought back more than 100,000 arrows. Zhou Yu was completely 24 when he saw all the arrows. He asked, “How did you 25 such a wonderful idea?” This story teaches us that wisdom is sometimes much better than simple force. 16．A．terrible B．easy C．impossible D．simple 17．A．excuse B．promise C．report D．speech 18．A．build B．buy C．repair D．prepare 19．A．quietly B．proudly C．angrily D．happily 20．A．loudly B．shyly C．carefully D．slowly 21．A．relaxed B．worried C．excited D．bored 22．A．began B．stopped C．practiced D．avoided 23．A．worked B．failed C．ended D．changed 24．A．tired B．surprised C．angry D．sad 25．A．look for B．give up C．come up with D．put away 【答案】 16．C 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．A 21．B 22．A 23．A 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文讲述了诸葛亮草船借箭的故事：周瑜故意刁难诸葛亮，要求他十天内造出十万支箭，诸葛亮却立下三天完成的承诺。他利用大雾天气，用草船向曹军“借”到了足够的箭，用智慧化解了危机，也让周瑜心服口服。故事告诉我们，智慧有时比蛮力更有力量。 【详解】16．句意：周瑜认为这是不可能的，想看诸葛亮失败。 上文提到周瑜给诸葛亮安排了一个很困难的任务，并想看诸葛亮失败，说明他认为这项任务根本无法完成。应选用impossible，表示“不可能的”，符合周瑜的想法。terrible“糟糕的”；easy“容易的”；simple“简单的”，均不符。 17．句意：然而，诸葛亮说他只需三天就能完成，并做出了一个承诺。 下文提到“Everyone was very surprised”，说明诸葛亮向周瑜保证三天完成任务。应选用promise，表示“承诺”，符合此处语境。excuse“借口”；report“报告”；speech“演讲”逻辑不符。 18．句意：然后他告诉手下准备二十艘船，船上放了很多草人。 根据下文诸葛亮实施草船借箭的计划，可知他首先需要让手下准备好船只和草人。应选用prepare，表示“准备”，符合计划实施前的动作逻辑。build“建造”；buy“购买”；repair“修理”，均不符。 19．句意：第三天清晨，江面上起了大雾，诸葛亮悄悄地命令手下把船驶向曹营。 诸葛亮利用大雾天气实施计划，需要隐蔽行动，不能被敌人发现。应选用quietly，表示“悄悄地”，符合行动的隐蔽性要求。proudly“骄傲地”；angrily“生气地”；happily“开心地”逻辑不通。 20．句意：当他们靠近时，士兵们敲鼓并大声地呐喊。 根据下文“the enemy heard the noise”，说明士兵们需要制造出足够大的声音来吸引曹军射箭。应选用loudly，表示“大声地”，符合制造声音的目的。shyly“害羞地”；carefully“小心地”；slowly“缓慢地”，均不符。 21．句意：敌人听到了声音，但在浓雾中什么也看不见，他们变得担心的。 根据上下文，曹军在大雾中听到鼓声和呐喊声，却看不到敌人，自然会感到紧张不安。应选用worried，表示“担心的、不安的”，符合曹军的心理状态。relaxed“放松的”；excited“兴奋的”；bored“无聊的”逻辑不通。 22．句意：他们变得担心，并开始朝声音的方向射箭。 根据上下文，曹军因为紧张，所以采取了射箭的行动来应对未知的敌人。应选用began，表示“开始”，符合他们听到声音后的反应动作。stopped“停止”；practiced“练习”；avoided“避免”逻辑不符。 23．句意：诸葛亮的妙计奏效了。 根据下文“they brought back more than 100,000 arrows”，说明诸葛亮的计划成功了。应选用worked，表示“奏效、起作用”，符合计划成功的结果。failed“失败”；ended“结束”；changed“改变”，均不符。 24．句意：当周瑜看到所有的箭时，他完全惊讶的。 根据上下文，周瑜原本想看诸葛亮失败，没想到他真的在三天内完成了任务，所以感到意外。应选用surprised，表示“惊讶的”，符合周瑜的反应。tired“疲惫的”；angry“生气的”；sad“伤心的”逻辑不通。 25．句意：他问道：“你是怎么想出这么好的主意的？” 根据上下文，周瑜对诸葛亮的妙计感到佩服，想知道他是如何想到这个办法的。应选用come up with，表示“想出、提出”，符合此处语境。look for“寻找”；give up“放弃”；put away“收好”，均不符。 三、阅读（共2节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） A There are many famous people in the history of China. Here is a story between two of them. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC) to the Warring States Period (475-221BC) in ancient China, there was a Taoist school (道家学派) and a representative of Taoism was Zhuang Zhou, known as Zhuangzi (庄子) in history. One day, Zhuangzi and his friend Huizi (惠子) walked down to a river. Crossing it by a small bridge, they stopped to watch some fish swimming in the water. The two friends began to discuss whether fish are happy. After watching them for a while, Zhuangzi started, “These little fish are swimming freely around. How happy they must be!” Huizi asked, “But you are not a fish. How do you know that the fish are happy?” Zhuangzi said, “But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know whether fish are happy?” Huizi said, “I am not you, so of course I do not know how you think about it. But you are not a fish, so it is impossible that you know how fish think about it.” Zhuangzi said, “Let’s go back to the beginning. You ask me how I know what fish enjoy. Clearly, you believe that I know what fish enjoy—by asking me how I know it! Well, let me explain how. I know it by being beside this river.” Children, which of them was right? Zhuangzi said the fish were happy. Did he really know? He was not a fish, so of course he could not know. But he was happy in his heart, and he placed his own happiness onto the fish. Although having a great deal of knowledge, Zhuangzi was interested in neither being famous nor becoming rich. He was in love with nature and he wanted to be close to mountains and rivers, birds and animals. He devoted himself to searching for the beauty and interest of life. So, seeing a clear sky and fine weather, feeling a gentle breeze and watching fish swimming in pools made Zhuangzi naturally felt his heart filled with gladness. He considered everything in nature as his family, and of course he felt that fish had feelings, too. Huizi, being a friend of Zhuangzi, a great thinker, was no common person. He was an excellent politician (政治家) of his day, and a senior official with a record of great achievements. How could he have either wish or interest to care about flowers, birds, and fish? He cared more about people, and not at all the world of nature. And so, the fact that he did not understand the enjoyment of fish is not surprising. Zhuangzi and Huizi, which one do you like? 26．Zhuangzi and Huizi were discussing ________. A．what happened in Warring States Period B．who the representative of Taoism was C．where they could watch fish swim D．whether fish were happy in the water 27．According to Paragraph 2-3, which of the following shows the correct order? ①Huizi asked how Zhuangzi knew that the fish were happy. ②They stopped to watch some fish swimming in the water. ③Zhuangzi explains how he knew whether the fish were happy. ④Zhuangzi asked how Huizi knew that he didn’t know whether fish were happy. A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．②①④③ D．②①③④ 28．Zhuangzi said the fish were happy because ________. A．he really knew that the fish were happy B．he felt that fish had the same feelings as he did C．he was interested in being happy fish in nature D．the fish placed their own happiness onto him 29．According to Paragraph 6, Huizi may be more interested in the passage named ________. A．How to solve hunger and save more B．How to be a successful fisherman C．Where can you watch birds easily D．Which flower suits you most 30．What is the best title for the passage? A．Zhuangzi and Huizi. B．The Enjoyment of Fish. C．What is Taoist school? D．The Story of Fish. 【答案】26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了庄子和惠子争辩鱼是否快乐的故事，并解释了两人持有不同观点的原因。 【详解】26．细节理解题。根据第三段“The two friends began to discuss whether fish are happy.”可知，两人在讨论鱼是否快乐。故选D。 27．细节理解题。根据第三段“... they stopped to watch some fish swimming in the water.”可知，他们停下来看鱼在水里游泳，故②排在第一；根据第三段“Huizi asked, ‘But you are not a fish. How do you know that the fish are happy?’”可知，惠子问庄子是怎么知道鱼是快乐的，故①排在第二；根据第四段“Zhuangzi said, ‘But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know whether fish are happy?’”可知，庄子问惠子怎么知道他不知道鱼是快乐的，故④排在第三；根据第四段“‘Well, let me explain how. I know it by being beside this river.’”可知，庄子解释了他如何知道鱼是快乐的，故③排在第四。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据第六段“But he was happy in his heart, and he placed his own happiness onto the fish.”可知，庄子内心是快乐的，他把自己的快乐寄托在鱼身上，所以他觉得鱼和他有一样的感受。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据“How could he have either wish or interest to care about flowers, birds, and fish? He cared more about people, and not at all the world of nature.”可知，惠子对花鸟鱼等自然之物不感兴趣，他更关心人，而不是自然界。故他可能会对《如何解决饥饿和拯救更多的人》感兴趣。故选A。 30．最佳标题题。根据文章主旨判断，庄子和惠子争辩的核心内容是鱼是否快乐，故“鱼之乐”最适合做标题。故选B。 B Do you know who was described as “superhuman” by the great inventor and astronomer Galileo? It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath. He was perhaps one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. He was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics. He was also recognized as one of the finest engineers of his time. He was born on the island of Sicily in the city of Syracuse around the year 287 BC and died in 212 BC． Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries. For example, he determined the approximate value of pi. He invented and developed methods similar to calculus (微积分) and used them to find the area of a circle and an accurate estimation (估计值) of the value of pi. Today, he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Archimedes used his mathematical skills and talents to create useful inventions. One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out of a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places. This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine. Can you imagine counting the sand in the universe? Archimedes once tried to calculate the number of sand grains in the universe. Obviously, it was impossible, but it goes to show that he was too smart. His intellectual curiosity and achievements in mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well. Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was indeed a genius. 31．According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．He was mainly known as a philosopher and a physicist. B．He was only famous for his work in mathematics. C．He was the best engineer in all of human history. D．He was skilled in multiple scientific and engineering fields. 32．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．A brief introduction to Archimedes. B．Archimedes’ discoveries in maths. C．The great inventions of Archimedes. D．Archimedes’ study on the universe. 33．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A．A leaking ship. B．Water from low places. C．The Archimedes’ Screw. D．The functioning flying machine. 34．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the article? A．Archimedes was a man with many talents and died at the age of 75. B．The Archimedes’ Screw helped lift water from lower places to higher places. C．Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes developed the functioning flying machine. D．Archimedes’ achievements will continue to encourage generations of mathematicians. 35．What might be the best title for the article? A．Archimedes and Inventions B．Archimedes and Mathematics C．The hard work of Archimedes D．The Life Experience of Archimedes 【答案】31．D 32．B 33．C 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文介绍了古希腊科学家阿基米德的生平、在数学与工程领域的成就，以及他的标志性发明和深远影响。 31．细节理解题。根据“He was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics.”可知，阿基米德精通多个科学与工程领域。故选D。 32．主旨大意题。根据“Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries.”可知，整段内容都围绕他在数学上的发现展开。故选B。 33．词句猜测题。根据“One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw ... It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places.”可知，这里的it指代前文的the Archimedes’ Screw，即阿基米德最出名的一项发明螺旋泵。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据“This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine.”可知， 原文只说阿基米德的发明影响了达・芬奇，并没有说两人合作研发飞行器。故选C。 35．最佳标题题。通读原文可知，本文主要介绍的是阿基米德在数学领域的一些成就。故选B。 C Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet (诗人) and painter in the Song Dynasty. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought highly of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for himself. Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi to learn how to be modest (谦虚的).” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I have read the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their meanings. I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old man’s hand, but when he opened it, he became very surprised because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of being modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and left. Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Making decisions to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even harder than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature (文学). 36．Why did Su Shi become proud when he was young? A．He could write nice articles and was praised by others. B．He learned painting from a famous old man. C．He wrote a great couplet for the whole country. D．He knew all difficult words in old books. 37．What did the old man want Su Shi to learn? A．How to write wonderful couplets. B．The importance of being modest. C．Ways to understand difficult words. D．Skills of communicating with others. 38．How did Su Shi feel after seeing the book? A．Excited. B．Relaxed. C．Surprised. D．Satisfied. 39．What did Su Shi do after the old man left? A．He stopped studying. B．He visited the old man. C．He changed the couplet. D．He threw away his books. 40．What can we learn from the story? A．Old people always know more knowledge. B．Being proud helps us make progress. C．We should keep modest and keep learning. D．Writing couplets can improve our ability. 【答案】36．A 37．B 38．C 39．C 40．C 【导语】本文讲述了苏轼年轻时因才华横溢而骄傲，写下一副自夸对联；一位智者故意用一本生僻书考验他，使他认识到学无止境；苏轼羞愧地修改对联，从此勤奋学习，终成大家，故事告诉我们保持谦虚的重要性。 【详解】36．根据文章第二段“When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought highly of him. Because of this, he became very proud...”可知，苏轼年轻时读了很多书，写了许多好文章，人们对他评价很高，因此他变得骄傲。 37．根据文章第三段老人所想“It is necessary for Su Shi to learn how to be modest.”以及第六段“He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of being modest.”可知，老人想要教会苏轼谦虚的重要性。 38．根据文章第五段“...but when he opened it, he became very surprised because there were many words he didn’t know.”可知，当苏轼打开书看到很多不认识的字时，他感到非常惊讶。 39．根据文章第七段“The old man smiled and left. Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet...”可知，老人离开后，苏轼拿起笔墨在对联上添加了词语，即修改了对联。 40．纵观全文，故事讲述了苏轼从年轻时的骄傲自满，经过老人的指点后认识到自己的不足，从而学会谦虚并更加努力学习的过程，因此，我们从故事中学到的道理应该是保持谦虚并不断学习。 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Have you ever wondered how blind people read? Thanks to a system invented by Louis Braille, blind people can learn to use their fingers to read. In 1809, Braille was born in a small town in France. 41 Later, his other eye was infected, resulting in complete blindness. His blindness inspired him to become an inventor who made contributions to all blind people. When Braille was ten years old, his parents sent him to a special school for blind students. Braille learned how to read at this school. He was first taught to read by feeling raised letters on paper. 42 Too many letters felt the same, for they had similar shapes. Then, in 1821, Braille heard about a night-reading code system. It was a 12-dot (12凸点)system that was created for night-time communication between soldiers. However, this system didn’t allow the fingertip to cover a whole letter. The readers had to move their fingers to feel the letters. 43 Three years later, Braille developed a shorter and simpler touch system based on the night-reading code system. He used six raised dots with different combinations (组合) to stand for each letter. 44 Blind people could read much faster and more easily. Braille died in 1852, but his touch system lives on. 45 A．It allowed a blind person to feel a whole letter without moving his or her finger. B．Now people call this touch system Braille in honor of Louis Braille. C．Braille thought that the night-reading code system could be improved for blind people. D．However, this was slow and difficult. E．Braille thought that the 12-dot system was a perfect choice for the blind. F．When he was three, he accidentally hurt one of his eyes when he was playing. 【答案】41．F 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了路易斯·布莱叶发明的一种系统，这个系统能让盲人可以用手指阅读。 41．根据“Later, his other eye was infected, resulting in complete blindness.”可知，他的另一只眼睛被感染，导致完全失明。前句应该说他的一只眼睛如何失明的。选项F“当他三岁时，他在玩的时候不小心伤了一只眼睛”符合语境。故选F。 42．根据“Too many letters felt the same, for they had similar shapes.”可知，太多的字母感觉一样，因为它们的形状相似。布莱叶第一次在纸上学习凸起的字母，这里应该填入困难的经历。选项D“然而，这很慢并且很难”符合语境。故选D。 43．根据“Three years later, Braille developed a shorter and simpler touch system based on the night-reading code system.”可知，三年后，布莱叶基于夜间阅读代码系统开发了一种更短、更简单的触摸系统。所以推测这里布莱叶认为夜间阅读系统对盲人有用处。选项C“布莱叶认为盲人夜间阅读密码系统可以改进”符合语境。故选C。 44．根据“He used six raised dots with different combinations (组合) to stand for each letter.”以及“Blind people could read much faster and more easily.”可知，他用六个不同组合的凸起点来代表每个字母。盲人可以更快、更容易地阅读。这里应该介绍这个系统的原理。选项A“它允许盲人在不移动手指的情况下感觉到整个单词”符合语境。故选A。 45．根据“Braille died in 1852, but his touch system lives on”可知，布莱叶于1852年去世，但他的触摸系统仍然存在。选项B“现在人们称这种触摸系统为布莱叶，以纪念路易斯·布莱叶”。故选B。 四、阅读匹配（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据Anna, Eric, Kevin, Sam, Tina五个人的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 46 . Anna enjoys stories about animals and dreams of working to protect them. 47 . Eric is into painting and wants to learn from someone creative and curious. 48 . Kevin likes reading real stories about people who stayed brave in hard times. 49 . Sam is interested in basketball and hopes to find courage in a sportsman’s story. 50 . Tina loves science and wants to read about a woman who made great discoveries. A．Marie Curie—The Woman Who Changed ScienceMarie Curie discovered two new elements (元素) and won two Nobel Prizes. Her story encourages girls to be brave and study science. B．Leonardo da Vinci—The Artist with Many Talents Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great painter but also an inventor and scientist. His works, like Mona Lisa, show his creativity and endless curiosity about the world. C． Jane Goodall—A Friend to the Wild Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees in Africa for more than 50 years. Her life shows how love for animals and nature can make the world a better place. D．Thomas Edison—The Man of a Thousand Ideas Edison invented the light bulb and many other things. His story tells us that hard work and never giving up are the keys to success. E. Anne Frank—A Girl with a Diary Anne Frank wrote about her life while hiding during World War II. Her diary shows hope, bravery, and the power of words even in difficult times. F. Yao Ming—From Basketball Star to Role Model Yao Ming became one of China’s most famous basketball players. After he stopped playing, he worked to help young people follow their dreams through sports. 【答案】46．C 47．B 48．E 49．F 50．A 【导语】本题左栏是安娜、埃里克、凯文、山姆和蒂娜五个人的阅读需求，右栏是六个人物传记介绍，需根据每个人的兴趣偏好匹配最合适的传记。 46．根据“Anna enjoys stories about animals and dreams of working to protect them”可知，安娜喜欢动物相关的故事，梦想从事动物保护工作。选项C“简·古道尔——野生动物的朋友  简·古道尔在非洲研究黑猩猩已有50多年。她的一生表明，对动物和自然的热爱能让世界变得更美好。”与之相符，故选C。 47．根据“Eric is into painting and wants to learn from someone creative and curious”可知，埃里克热衷于绘画，希望向富有创造力和好奇心的人学习。选项B“莱昂纳多·达·芬奇——多才多艺的艺术家 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇不仅是一位杰出的画家，还是一位发明家和科学家。他的作品，如《蒙娜丽莎》，展现了他的创造力和对世界无尽的好奇心”与之相符，故选B。 48．根据“Kevin likes reading real stories about people who stayed brave in hard times”可知，凯文喜欢阅读人们在困境中坚守勇气的真实故事。选项E“安妮·弗兰克——写日记的女孩  安妮·弗兰克在二战期间藏匿期间写下了自己的生活经历。她的日记展现了即使在困难时期，希望、勇气和文字的力量依然存在”与之相符，故选E。 49．根据“Sam is interested in basketball and hopes to find courage in a sportsman’s story”可知，山姆对篮球感兴趣，希望从运动员的故事中汲取勇气。选项F“姚明——从篮球明星到榜样  姚明成为了中国最著名的篮球运动员之一。退役后，他致力于帮助年轻人通过运动追求自己的梦想。”与之相符，故选F。 50．根据“Tina loves science and wants to read about a woman who made great discoveries”可知，蒂娜热爱科学，想阅读关于一位有重大发现的女性的故事。选项A“玛丽·居里——改变科学的女性  玛丽·居里发现了两种新元素，并获得了两次诺贝尔奖。她的故事激励着女孩们勇敢地投身于科学研究。”与之相符，故选A。 五、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Have you ever stopped to think how much the world has changed because of a simple question? Every step forward in human history starts with someone asking “how”, “what” or “why”— and being curious is the driving force behind all progress. Curiosity is not just for kids, it’s the key to solving problems and saving lives. In the 18th century, smallpox was a deadly disease that killed millions. Dr Edward Jenner heard a local story: milkmaids who caught cowpox, an illness from cows, never got smallpox. Instead of taking it for granted (理所当然), he asked, “Why is this true?” and ran careful experiments for deeper understanding to test the idea. His curiosity led to the world’s first vaccine, which trains our body to fight diseases and has saved lots of lives ever since. Another example is penicillin (盘尼西林). In 1928, scientist Alexander Fleming returned from holiday and noticed something strange in his lab: mould (霉菌) in a dish had stopped bacteria from growing. Most people would have thrown the dish away, but Fleming asked, “What’s happening here?” He dug deeper into this unexpected observation and discovered penicillin, the world’s first antibiotic (抗生素) that still cures life-threatening illnesses today. Many students worry that asking questions makes them look silly. But the truth is, there are no silly questions. From childhood experiments to life-changing scientific discoveries, every step forward starts with curiosity. Never be afraid to ask “why”— it’s the first step to changing the world. 51．What did Dr Jenner’s curiosity finally lead to? 52．How were Jenner and Fleming similar when facing unusual facts? 53．Why do many students avoid asking questions? 54．What’s the key role of curiosity according to this passage? 55．What should we do when facing unknown things? 【答案】51．It led to the world’s first vaccine. 52．They both asked questions. 53．Because they worry that asking questions makes them look silly. 54．It is the driving force behind all progress. 55．We should never be afraid to ask “why”. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了好奇心的重要性，通过詹纳医生发明疫苗和弗莱明发现青霉素的例子，说明好奇心是推动进步、解决问题和拯救生命的关键，并鼓励学生不要害怕提问。 【详解】51．根据文章第二段“His curiosity led to the world’s first vaccine”可推知，詹纳的好奇心最终催生了世界上第一种疫苗，答案为原文信息，直接提取。 52．根据文章第二段“he asked, ‘Why is this true?’”和第三段“Fleming asked, ‘What’s happening here?’”可推知，詹纳面对牛痘不会让人感染天花的反常现象没有理所当然接受，而是提出疑问并做实验；弗莱明看到霉菌抑制细菌生长的奇怪现象，没有丢掉培养皿，而是追问缘由深入研究。二人相似之处是面对反常事实，都没有忽视，而是心生疑问、深入探究。整合原文信息，获取答案。 53．根据文章第四段“Many students worry that asking questions makes them look silly.”可推知，很多学生担心提问会让自己看起来很愚蠢。直接提取学生回避提问的原因。 54．根据文章第一段“being curious is the driving force behind all progress.”可推知，保持好奇心是所有进步背后的驱动力，整合原文信息，直接提取。 55．根据文章第四段“Never be afraid to ask ‘why’”以及全文主旨，可推知，在面对未知的事情时要敢于提问、保持好奇心、深入钻研。答案为原文信息，直接提取。 六、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Today, I finished reading Pillars of the Nation (《国之脊梁》) , a book that tells the inspiring stories of China’s greatest scientists. Written by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it 56 (record) the lives and achievements of people who made great contributions to our country. 57 book introduces great people such as Li Siguang, a geologist who helped China discover its own oil resources, and Qian Sanqiang, “the father of China’s atomic energy program”. These scientists faced many difficulties. Some gave up their comfortable life abroad and returned 58 (work) for our homeland. Others changed their research directions 59 (complete) when our nation needed them. Modern China is filled 60 their contributions and patriotism (爱国精神). The stories of these wise people moved me deeply. Despite 61 (difficulty) conditions, these scientists worked tirelessly, lighting the way with their ideals and braveness. Though many of these great minds have passed away, their 62 (story) live on. If they could see China’s progress today, 63 proud they would be! As a Chinese student, I should learn from these great people. Their stories inspire 64 (I) to study harder and contribute to China’s future. I believe that with knowledge and perseverance, the great rejuvenation (复兴) of the Chinese nation will 65 (achieve)! I give full stars to the book and recommend it sincerely! 【答案】 56．records 57．The 58．to work 59．completely 60．with 61．difficult 62．stories 63．how 64．me 65．be achieved 【导语】本文主要介绍了《国之脊梁》一书的内容与价值，讲述了中国杰出科学家们的事迹与爱国精神，并表达了向他们学习、为祖国未来奋斗的决心。 56．句意：这本书记录了为国家做出巨大贡献的人们的生平与成就。主语it是单数第三人称，句子为一般现在时，动词record需用第三人称单数形式。故填records。 57．句意：这本书介绍了像李四光、钱三强这样的伟人。此处特指前文提到的《国之脊梁》这本书，需用定冠词the，且位于句首首字母大写。故填The。 58．句意：一些人放弃了国外舒适的生活，回国为祖国效力。固定搭配return to do sth.表示“回来做某事”，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to work。 59．句意：另一些人在国家需要时彻底改变了研究方向。修饰动词短语changed their research directions需用副词形式，complete的副词是completely。故填completely。 60．句意：现代中国充满了他们的贡献与爱国精神。固定搭配be filled with表示“充满……”。故填with。 61．句意：尽管条件艰苦，这些科学家仍不懈工作。修饰名词conditions需用形容词形式，difficulty的形容词是difficult。故填difficult。 62．句意：虽然许多伟人已离世，但他们的故事仍在流传。their表示“他们的”，说明故事不止一个，story需用复数形式。故填stories。 63．句意：如果他们能看到今天中国的进步，他们会多么骄傲啊！此处是感叹句，修饰形容词proud需用how引导。故填how。 64．句意：他们的故事激励我更加努力学习，为中国的未来做贡献。动词inspire后需跟宾格形式，主格I的宾格是me。故填me。 65．句意：我相信，凭借知识与毅力，中华民族的伟大复兴必将实现！“伟大复兴”是“被实现”的，需用被动语态，结构为will be + 过去分词，achieve的过去分词是achieved。故填be achieved。 七、书面表达（15分） 从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 例文 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives Many great ideas come from solving hard problems, and Cai Lun’s papermaking is such a wonderful example. In ancient China, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk. It was hard for common people to record and spread knowledge. Cai Lun came up with a creative idea. He used cheap materials like tree bark and old cloth to make paper. After lots of experiments, he finally made light and affordable paper. Thanks to this great idea, knowledge spread quickly around the world. It makes our study and communication much easier. I realize small creative ideas can change the whole world. 【详解】写作步骤 ［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：说明叙事结合的英语说明文，主体叙事用一般过去时，描述长期影响使用现在完成时 明确要点：待解决的难题、创意提出者、创意内容与解决过程、创意带来的生活影响 确定人称：第一人称 I、第三人称 he/it 注意事项：禁止出现真实校名、个人姓名；使用简单句、复合句、从句等多种句式 ［第二步：构思布局］ 三段式结构： 开头段：总起，点明伟大创意诞生于难题，引出写作对象 —— 蔡伦造纸术 主体段：分层写旧时难题、发明者、创意内容以及如何解决问题 结尾段：总结创意的长久影响，写出个人感悟 ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：难题、发明者、创意与解决过程 待解决难题：In ancient China, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips or expensive silk /hard to spread knowledge 创意提出者：Cai Lun, an inventor in Eastern Han Dynasty 创意与解决方式：came up with an idea /used tree bark and waste cloth /did many experiments /made cheap light paper 要点二：创意带来的影响与感悟 影响：spread knowledge all over the world /make study and communication easier 感悟：Great creative ideas can make a big difference to people’s lives. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great ideas单元自测（新教材沪教版） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、语法选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 William Shakespeare is considered one of the 1 writers in history. He spent his childhood in 2 small town called Stratford-upon-Avon. Not much is known about his early life, but we know that he 3 a good education at the local grammar school. Later, he moved to London to work in the theater. 4 plays soon became very popular with people from all social classes (阶层). He was excellent at 5 stories that interested both common people and the king. Shakespeare's plays 6 by millions of people even today. In his tragedies (悲剧), the characters often have to make 7 choices between love and duty. Besides the famous tragedy “Romeo and Juliet”, he wrote many 8 powerful plays. This particular (独特的) love story remains popular worldwide, 9 the young lovers die in the end. However, their death helps their families understand the meaning of love and forgiveness, and finally their families stop 10 with each other. Shakespeare also had a special ability 11 about human feelings. 12 he died in 1616, his works are still alive today. You can find his plays in almost every language. People around the world still enjoy 13 his plays. We must 14 this great writer for his wonderful contribution to literature (文学). Learning about his life helps us 15 his works better. 1．A．great B．greater C．greatest D．greatly 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．receives B．receive C．received D．was received 4．A．He B．Him C．His D．Himself 5．A．write B．writes C．wrote D．writing 6．A．are read B．read C．reading D．have read 7．A．difficulty B．difficult C．difficultly D．more difficult 8．A．another B．other C．others D．the others 9．A．though B．although C．even though D．even if 10．A．fight B．fought C．to fight D．fighting 11．A．write B．writing C．to write D．wrote 12．A．Because B．If C．Though D．Unless 13．A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 14．A．remember B．remembering C．remembered D．to remember 15．A．understand B．understands C．understood D．understanding 二 、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从各题的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。 Long, long ago, there was a very smart man named Zhuge Liang. One day, another general, Zhou Yu, gave him a very difficult task. He asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days. Zhou Yu believed this was 16 and wanted to see Zhuge Liang fail. However, Zhuge Liang said he could do it in just three days and made a 17 . Everyone was very surprised. He then told his men to 18 twenty boats with many straw men on them. On the third day, there was heavy fog on the river early in the morning. Zhuge Liang 19 ordered his men to move the boats towards the enemy camp. When they got close, the soldiers beat drums and shouted 20 . The enemy heard the noise but could see nothing in the thick fog. They became 21 and 22 shooting arrows towards the sound. Soon, thousands of arrows hit the straw men. Zhuge Liang’s great plan 23 . He then asked his men to turn the boats around. When they returned, they brought back more than 100,000 arrows. Zhou Yu was completely 24 when he saw all the arrows. He asked, “How did you 25 such a wonderful idea?” This story teaches us that wisdom is sometimes much better than simple force. 16．A．terrible B．easy C．impossible D．simple 17．A．excuse B．promise C．report D．speech 18．A．build B．buy C．repair D．prepare 19．A．quietly B．proudly C．angrily D．happily 20．A．loudly B．shyly C．carefully D．slowly 21．A．relaxed B．worried C．excited D．bored 22．A．began B．stopped C．practiced D．avoided 23．A．worked B．failed C．ended D．changed 24．A．tired B．surprised C．angry D．sad 25．A．look for B．give up C．come up with D．put away 三、阅读（共2节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） A There are many famous people in the history of China. Here is a story between two of them. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC) to the Warring States Period (475-221BC) in ancient China, there was a Taoist school (道家学派) and a representative of Taoism was Zhuang Zhou, known as Zhuangzi (庄子) in history. One day, Zhuangzi and his friend Huizi (惠子) walked down to a river. Crossing it by a small bridge, they stopped to watch some fish swimming in the water. The two friends began to discuss whether fish are happy. After watching them for a while, Zhuangzi started, “These little fish are swimming freely around. How happy they must be!” Huizi asked, “But you are not a fish. How do you know that the fish are happy?” Zhuangzi said, “But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know whether fish are happy?” Huizi said, “I am not you, so of course I do not know how you think about it. But you are not a fish, so it is impossible that you know how fish think about it.” Zhuangzi said, “Let’s go back to the beginning. You ask me how I know what fish enjoy. Clearly, you believe that I know what fish enjoy—by asking me how I know it! Well, let me explain how. I know it by being beside this river.” Children, which of them was right? Zhuangzi said the fish were happy. Did he really know? He was not a fish, so of course he could not know. But he was happy in his heart, and he placed his own happiness onto the fish. Although having a great deal of knowledge, Zhuangzi was interested in neither being famous nor becoming rich. He was in love with nature and he wanted to be close to mountains and rivers, birds and animals. He devoted himself to searching for the beauty and interest of life. So, seeing a clear sky and fine weather, feeling a gentle breeze and watching fish swimming in pools made Zhuangzi naturally felt his heart filled with gladness. He considered everything in nature as his family, and of course he felt that fish had feelings, too. Huizi, being a friend of Zhuangzi, a great thinker, was no common person. He was an excellent politician (政治家) of his day, and a senior official with a record of great achievements. How could he have either wish or interest to care about flowers, birds, and fish? He cared more about people, and not at all the world of nature. And so, the fact that he did not understand the enjoyment of fish is not surprising. Zhuangzi and Huizi, which one do you like? 26．Zhuangzi and Huizi were discussing ________. A．what happened in Warring States Period B．who the representative of Taoism was C．where they could watch fish swim D．whether fish were happy in the water 27．According to Paragraph 2-3, which of the following shows the correct order? ①Huizi asked how Zhuangzi knew that the fish were happy. ②They stopped to watch some fish swimming in the water. ③Zhuangzi explains how he knew whether the fish were happy. ④Zhuangzi asked how Huizi knew that he didn’t know whether fish were happy. A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．②①④③ D．②①③④ 28．Zhuangzi said the fish were happy because ________. A．he really knew that the fish were happy B．he felt that fish had the same feelings as he did C．he was interested in being happy fish in nature D．the fish placed their own happiness onto him 29．According to Paragraph 6, Huizi may be more interested in the passage named ________. A．How to solve hunger and save more B．How to be a successful fisherman C．Where can you watch birds easily D．Which flower suits you most 30．What is the best title for the passage? A．Zhuangzi and Huizi. B．The Enjoyment of Fish. C．What is Taoist school? D．The Story of Fish. B Do you know who was described as “superhuman” by the great inventor and astronomer Galileo? It was Archimedes who solved the king’s problem of the golden crown while taking a bath. He was perhaps one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. He was a mathematician, physicist, engineer, weapon designer and inventor. He was wise in philosophy, active in mathematics and physics. He was also recognized as one of the finest engineers of his time. He was born on the island of Sicily in the city of Syracuse around the year 287 BC and died in 212 BC． Archimedes showed great love for mathematics. He made many discoveries. For example, he determined the approximate value of pi. He invented and developed methods similar to calculus (微积分) and used them to find the area of a circle and an accurate estimation (估计值) of the value of pi. Today, he is regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Archimedes used his mathematical skills and talents to create useful inventions. One of his most famous inventions is called the Archimedes’ Screw. It was a device that could lift water to higher levels. One of its first uses was to pump water out of a leaking ship. It is still used today in some places to move water from low places to high places. This invention influenced Leonardo da Vinci as he worked on developing the functioning flying machine. Can you imagine counting the sand in the universe? Archimedes once tried to calculate the number of sand grains in the universe. Obviously, it was impossible, but it goes to show that he was too smart. His intellectual curiosity and achievements in mathematics, in general, would go on to encourage other mathematicians as well. Most of his achievements were by far ahead of his time. Archimedes was indeed a genius. 31．According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．He was mainly known as a philosopher and a physicist. B．He was only famous for his work in mathematics. C．He was the best engineer in all of human history. D．He was skilled in multiple scientific and engineering fields. 32．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? A．A brief introduction to Archimedes. B．Archimedes’ discoveries in maths. C．The great inventions of Archimedes. D．Archimedes’ study on the universe. 33．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A．A leaking ship. B．Water from low places. C．The Archimedes’ Screw. D．The functioning flying machine. 34．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the article? A．Archimedes was a man with many talents and died at the age of 75. B．The Archimedes’ Screw helped lift water from lower places to higher places. C．Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes developed the functioning flying machine. D．Archimedes’ achievements will continue to encourage generations of mathematicians. 35．What might be the best title for the article? A．Archimedes and Inventions B．Archimedes and Mathematics C．The hard work of Archimedes D．The Life Experience of Archimedes C Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet (诗人) and painter in the Song Dynasty. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought highly of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for himself. Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi to learn how to be modest (谦虚的).” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I have read the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their meanings. I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old man’s hand, but when he opened it, he became very surprised because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of being modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and left. Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Making decisions to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even harder than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature (文学). 36．Why did Su Shi become proud when he was young? A．He could write nice articles and was praised by others. B．He learned painting from a famous old man. C．He wrote a great couplet for the whole country. D．He knew all difficult words in old books. 37．What did the old man want Su Shi to learn? A．How to write wonderful couplets. B．The importance of being modest. C．Ways to understand difficult words. D．Skills of communicating with others. 38．How did Su Shi feel after seeing the book? A．Excited. B．Relaxed. C．Surprised. D．Satisfied. 39．What did Su Shi do after the old man left? A．He stopped studying. B．He visited the old man. C．He changed the couplet. D．He threw away his books. 40．What can we learn from the story? A．Old people always know more knowledge. B．Being proud helps us make progress. C．We should keep modest and keep learning. D．Writing couplets can improve our ability. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Have you ever wondered how blind people read? Thanks to a system invented by Louis Braille, blind people can learn to use their fingers to read. In 1809, Braille was born in a small town in France. 41 Later, his other eye was infected, resulting in complete blindness. His blindness inspired him to become an inventor who made contributions to all blind people. When Braille was ten years old, his parents sent him to a special school for blind students. Braille learned how to read at this school. He was first taught to read by feeling raised letters on paper. 42 Too many letters felt the same, for they had similar shapes. Then, in 1821, Braille heard about a night-reading code system. It was a 12-dot (12凸点)system that was created for night-time communication between soldiers. However, this system didn’t allow the fingertip to cover a whole letter. The readers had to move their fingers to feel the letters. 43 Three years later, Braille developed a shorter and simpler touch system based on the night-reading code system. He used six raised dots with different combinations (组合) to stand for each letter. 44 Blind people could read much faster and more easily. Braille died in 1852, but his touch system lives on. 45 A．It allowed a blind person to feel a whole letter without moving his or her finger. B．Now people call this touch system Braille in honor of Louis Braille. C．Braille thought that the night-reading code system could be improved for blind people. D．However, this was slow and difficult. E．Braille thought that the 12-dot system was a perfect choice for the blind. F．When he was three, he accidentally hurt one of his eyes when he was playing. 四、阅读匹配（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据Anna, Eric, Kevin, Sam, Tina五个人的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 46 . Anna enjoys stories about animals and dreams of working to protect them. 47 . Eric is into painting and wants to learn from someone creative and curious. 48 . Kevin likes reading real stories about people who stayed brave in hard times. 49 . Sam is interested in basketball and hopes to find courage in a sportsman’s story. 50 . Tina loves science and wants to read about a woman who made great discoveries. A．Marie Curie—The Woman Who Changed ScienceMarie Curie discovered two new elements (元素) and won two Nobel Prizes. Her story encourages girls to be brave and study science. B．Leonardo da Vinci—The Artist with Many Talents Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great painter but also an inventor and scientist. His works, like Mona Lisa, show his creativity and endless curiosity about the world. C． Jane Goodall—A Friend to the Wild Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees in Africa for more than 50 years. Her life shows how love for animals and nature can make the world a better place. D．Thomas Edison—The Man of a Thousand Ideas Edison invented the light bulb and many other things. His story tells us that hard work and never giving up are the keys to success. E. Anne Frank—A Girl with a Diary Anne Frank wrote about her life while hiding during World War II. Her diary shows hope, bravery, and the power of words even in difficult times. F. Yao Ming—From Basketball Star to Role Model Yao Ming became one of China’s most famous basketball players. After he stopped playing, he worked to help young people follow their dreams through sports. 五、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Have you ever stopped to think how much the world has changed because of a simple question? Every step forward in human history starts with someone asking “how”, “what” or “why”— and being curious is the driving force behind all progress. Curiosity is not just for kids, it’s the key to solving problems and saving lives. In the 18th century, smallpox was a deadly disease that killed millions. Dr Edward Jenner heard a local story: milkmaids who caught cowpox, an illness from cows, never got smallpox. Instead of taking it for granted (理所当然), he asked, “Why is this true?” and ran careful experiments for deeper understanding to test the idea. His curiosity led to the world’s first vaccine, which trains our body to fight diseases and has saved lots of lives ever since. Another example is penicillin (盘尼西林). In 1928, scientist Alexander Fleming returned from holiday and noticed something strange in his lab: mould (霉菌) in a dish had stopped bacteria from growing. Most people would have thrown the dish away, but Fleming asked, “What’s happening here?” He dug deeper into this unexpected observation and discovered penicillin, the world’s first antibiotic (抗生素) that still cures life-threatening illnesses today. Many students worry that asking questions makes them look silly. But the truth is, there are no silly questions. From childhood experiments to life-changing scientific discoveries, every step forward starts with curiosity. Never be afraid to ask “why”— it’s the first step to changing the world. 51．What did Dr Jenner’s curiosity finally lead to? 52．How were Jenner and Fleming similar when facing unusual facts? 53．Why do many students avoid asking questions? 54．What’s the key role of curiosity according to this passage? 55．What should we do when facing unknown things? 六、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Today, I finished reading Pillars of the Nation (《国之脊梁》) , a book that tells the inspiring stories of China’s greatest scientists. Written by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it 56 (record) the lives and achievements of people who made great contributions to our country. 57 book introduces great people such as Li Siguang, a geologist who helped China discover its own oil resources, and Qian Sanqiang, “the father of China’s atomic energy program”. These scientists faced many difficulties. Some gave up their comfortable life abroad and returned 58 (work) for our homeland. Others changed their research directions 59 (complete) when our nation needed them. Modern China is filled 60 their contributions and patriotism (爱国精神). The stories of these wise people moved me deeply. Despite 61 (difficulty) conditions, these scientists worked tirelessly, lighting the way with their ideals and braveness. Though many of these great minds have passed away, their 62 (story) live on. If they could see China’s progress today, 63 proud they would be! As a Chinese student, I should learn from these great people. Their stories inspire 64 (I) to study harder and contribute to China’s future. I believe that with knowledge and perseverance, the great rejuvenation (复兴) of the Chinese nation will 65 (achieve)! I give full stars to the book and recommend it sincerely! 七、书面表达（15分） 从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1.当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2.是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3.这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4.该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1.文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2.行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词； ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $